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{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"sources","id":"src-106","record":{"id":"src-106","title":"ASIC AFS licensee register dataset: records matching \"Airwallex\"","url":"https://data.gov.au/data/api/3/action/datastore_search?resource_id=d98a113d-6b50-40e6-b65f-2612efc877f4&q=Airwallex","publisher":"data.gov.au (Australian Securities and Investments Commission dataset)","date":"2026-10-17","locator":"Datastore query","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-17","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"government"},"reading":"ASIC AFS licensee register dataset: records matching \"Airwallex\", data.gov.au (Australian Securities and Investments Commission dataset)"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"sources","id":"src-107","record":{"id":"src-107","title":"Court record source · src-107","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"court_record","publisher_type":"nonprofit"},"reading":"Court record source · src-107"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"sources","id":"src-108","record":{"id":"src-108","title":"Research source · src-108","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"research","publisher_type":"unknown"},"reading":"Research source · src-108"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-registration","record":{"id":"c-id-registration","kind":"fact","text":"AIRWALLEX PTY LTD is an Australian private company with Australian Company Number (ACN) 609 653 312 and Australian Business Number (ABN) 37 609 653 312. The Australian Business Register records the ABN as active and the company name as unchanged since 3 December 2015, and its registration for goods and services tax from 7 December 2015.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["awx-au"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: AIRWALLEX PTY LTD is an Australian private company with Australian Company Number (ACN) 609 653 312 and Australian Business Number (ABN) 37 609 653 312. The Australian Business Register records the ABN as active and the company name as unchanged since 3 December 2015, and its registration for goods and services tax from 7 December 2015."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-location","record":{"id":"c-id-location","kind":"fact","text":"The register gives the company's main business location as Victorian postcode 3146 from 3 December 2015 and postcode 3000 from 22 March 2019. AUSTRAC's notice of January 2026 was addressed to Airwallex Pty Ltd at Level 7, 15 William Street, Melbourne VIC 3000.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009"],"entity_ids":["awx-au"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The register gives the company's main business location as Victorian postcode 3146 from 3 December 2015 and postcode 3000 from 22 March 2019. AUSTRAC's notice of January 2026 was addressed to Airwallex Pty Ltd at Level 7, 15 William Street, Melbourne VIC 3000."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-modern-slavery","record":{"id":"c-id-modern-slavery","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement for the year ended 31 December 2025, approved by its board of directors, says the company was founded in late 2015 as a proprietary company in Melbourne and operates as part of the \"Airwallex Group\", which it defines as Airwallex (Cayman) Limited and its affiliates: a financial technology group headquartered in Singapore with more than 2,400 employees.","source_ids":["src-002"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-cayman","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement for the year ended 31 December 2025, approved by its board of directors, says the company was founded in late 2015 as a proprietary company in Melbourne and operates as part of the \"Airwallex Group\", which it defines as Airwallex (Cayman) Limited and its affiliates: a financial technology group headquartered in Singapore with more than 2,400 employees."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-afsl","record":{"id":"c-id-afsl","kind":"fact","text":"ASIC's register of Australian financial services licensees, published as an open dataset, lists exactly two Airwallex licences: AFSL 487221, held by AIRWALLEX PTY LTD since 5 September 2016, and AFSL 549026, held by AIRWALLEX CAPITAL PTY LTD since 26 April 2024, both with Melbourne VIC 3000 addresses. Airwallex Pty Ltd's licence covers general advice on, dealing in and issuing non-cash payment products and foreign exchange contracts, and making a market in foreign exchange contracts, for retail and wholesale clients.","source_ids":["src-106"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-capital-au"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: ASIC's register of Australian financial services licensees, published as an open dataset, lists exactly two Airwallex licences: AFSL 487221, held by AIRWALLEX PTY LTD since 5 September 2016, and AFSL 549026, held by AIRWALLEX CAPITAL PTY LTD since 26 April 2024, both with Melbourne VIC 3000 addresses. Airwallex Pty Ltd's licence covers general advice on, dealing in and issuing non-cash payment products and foreign exchange contracts, and making a market in foreign exchange contracts, for retail and wholesale clients."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-dbg","record":{"id":"c-id-dbg","kind":"fact","text":"According to the group's licensing disclosure, Airwallex Pty Ltd, Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd are registered with AUSTRAC and form one Designated Business Group, and Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd is a corporate authorised representative (CAR number 001313604) under Airwallex Pty Ltd's licence.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-svf","awx-capital-au"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the group's licensing disclosure, Airwallex Pty Ltd, Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd are registered with AUSTRAC and form one Designated Business Group, and Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd is a corporate authorised representative (CAR number 001313604) under Airwallex Pty Ltd's licence."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-buy-nsw","record":{"id":"c-id-buy-nsw","kind":"fact","text":"AIRWALLEX PTY LTD is registered under its ABN as a supplier on buy.nsw, the New South Wales government procurement platform, where its profile, updated on 29 April 2024, lists financial services.","source_ids":["src-020"],"entity_ids":["awx-au"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: AIRWALLEX PTY LTD is registered under its ABN as a supplier on buy.nsw, the New South Wales government procurement platform, where its profile, updated on 29 April 2024, lists financial services."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-asic-filing","record":{"id":"c-id-asic-filing","kind":"attributed","text":"In July 2023 an Airwallex spokesman said the Australian company employed 200 staff in Australia, that the group, previously headquartered in Hong Kong, had moved its primary office to Singapore, and that the company would continue to file its audited financial statements with ASIC as required.","source_ids":["src-105"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-group"],"qualification":"The statement was given to a newspaper and is reported by it; the filings themselves are not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: In July 2023 an Airwallex spokesman said the Australian company employed 200 staff in Australia, that the group, previously headquartered in Hong Kong, had moved its primary office to Singapore, and that the company would continue to file its audited financial statements with ASIC as required."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-au-entities","record":{"id":"c-id-au-entities","kind":"fact","text":"The Australian Business Register lists seven active entities under the name Airwallex, all in Victorian postcode 3000: AIRWALLEX PTY LTD, AIRWALLEX CAPITAL PTY LTD (ABN 12 661 618 819), AIRWALLEX SVF PTY LTD (ABN 72 672 923 438), AIRWALLEX COMMERCELINK (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (ABN 58 698 804 901), AIRWALLEX DIGITAL (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (ABN 83 684 938 298), AIRWALLEX HOLDINGS (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (ABN 80 696 551 185) and The Trustee for Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ABN 85 306 152 305).","source_ids":["src-022"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-capital-au","awx-svf","awx-commercelink-au","awx-digital-au","awx-holdings-au"],"qualification":"The register lists names, numbers and locations only; it does not record shareholders or how these companies are related to one another.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Australian Business Register lists seven active entities under the name Airwallex, all in Victorian postcode 3000: AIRWALLEX PTY LTD, AIRWALLEX CAPITAL PTY LTD (ABN 12 661 618 819), AIRWALLEX SVF PTY LTD (ABN 72 672 923 438), AIRWALLEX COMMERCELINK (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (ABN 58 698 804 901), AIRWALLEX DIGITAL (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (ABN 83 684 938 298), AIRWALLEX HOLDINGS (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD (ABN 80 696 551 185) and The Trustee for Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ABN 85 306 152 305)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-holdings","record":{"id":"c-id-holdings","kind":"fact","text":"AIRWALLEX HOLDINGS (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD is an Australian private company with ACN 696 551 185. Its ABN has been active since 28 May 2026; it is not registered for goods and services tax and its main business location is Victorian postcode 3000.","source_ids":["src-023"],"entity_ids":["awx-holdings-au"],"qualification":"The register does not show who owns the company or whether it holds shares in Airwallex Pty Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: AIRWALLEX HOLDINGS (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD is an Australian private company with ACN 696 551 185. Its ABN has been active since 28 May 2026; it is not registered for goods and services tax and its main business location is Victorian postcode 3000."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-capital","record":{"id":"c-id-capital","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd (ACN 661 618 819) holds AFSL 549026. The product disclosure statement for the USD unit class of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ARSN 678 845 657), dated 4 August 2025, says the fund's responsible entity, K2 Asset Management Ltd (ABN 95 085 445 094), appointed Airwallex Capital as the fund's investment manager, describes it as a related party of Airwallex Pty Ltd, and states that both companies are wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (Registration No. 307718).","source_ids":["src-003"],"entity_ids":["awx-capital-au","awx-au","awx-cayman","k2"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd (ACN 661 618 819) holds AFSL 549026. The product disclosure statement for the USD unit class of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ARSN 678 845 657), dated 4 August 2025, says the fund's responsible entity, K2 Asset Management Ltd (ABN 95 085 445 094), appointed Airwallex Capital as the fund's investment manager, describes it as a related party of Airwallex Pty Ltd, and states that both companies are wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (Registration No. 307718)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-svf-safeguard","record":{"id":"c-id-svf-safeguard","kind":"fact","text":"The group's customer-funds page says that in Australia Airwallex SVF arranges for the entire amount of customers' wallet funds to be guaranteed by Australian authorised deposit-taking institutions, as required by the Reserve Bank of Australia, and that, as manager of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund, Airwallex Capital invests customer funds in low-risk assets through its partner J.P. Morgan.","source_ids":["src-066"],"entity_ids":["awx-svf","awx-capital-au","jpmorgan","awx-au","awx-group"],"qualification":"The page does not name the deposit-taking institutions that give the guarantee.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The group's customer-funds page says that in Australia Airwallex SVF arranges for the entire amount of customers' wallet funds to be guaranteed by Australian authorised deposit-taking institutions, as required by the Reserve Bank of Australia, and that, as manager of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund, Airwallex Capital invests customer funds in low-risk assets through its partner J.P. Morgan."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-cayman-company","record":{"id":"c-str-cayman-company","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands under registration number 307718. A certified shareholder report filed with the SEC by Robinhood Ventures Fund I for the period to 31 March 2026 notes that this portfolio company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and has operations in Singapore and the United States.","source_ids":["src-018","src-003"],"entity_ids":["awx-cayman","robinhood-ventures"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands under registration number 307718. A certified shareholder report filed with the SEC by Robinhood Ventures Fund I for the period to 31 March 2026 notes that this portfolio company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and has operations in Singapore and the United States."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-cayman-ultimate","record":{"id":"c-str-cayman-ultimate","kind":"attributed","text":"According to an Australian financial newspaper in July 2023, Airwallex's businesses around the world, including in Australia, are ultimately owned by a Cayman Islands entity that is required to disclose almost no information publicly; a corporate search in the Cayman Islands disclosed only that the entity was established in 2016 and is registered to the local office of Maples Corporate Services.","source_ids":["src-105","src-072"],"entity_ids":["awx-cayman","awx-group","awx-au","lucy-liu"],"qualification":"The Cayman registry extract itself is not among the retained records. The newspaper spells the registered agent \"Maple Corporate Services\".","response":"An Airwallex spokesman told the newspaper that each regional Airwallex entity, including Airwallex Australia, complies with its government's corporate regulations and requirements. In April 2026 Lucy Liu said Airwallex had not \"left\" Australia and remained deeply rooted there with a large team and ongoing investment.","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: According to an Australian financial newspaper in July 2023, Airwallex's businesses around the world, including in Australia, are ultimately owned by a Cayman Islands entity that is required to disclose almost no information publicly; a corporate search in the Cayman Islands disclosed only that the entity was established in 2016 and is registered to the local office of Maples Corporate Services."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-au-transfer-2023","record":{"id":"c-str-au-transfer-2023","kind":"attributed","text":"An Australian financial newspaper reported in July 2023 that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC show the Australian company moved 100 per cent of its shareholding in the group's New Zealand business and 99.99 per cent of its Indian business to the Cayman Islands on 1 January 2023, one share remaining in India as Indian law requires.","source_ids":["src-105","src-008"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-nz","awx-group","awx-cayman"],"qualification":"The newspaper does not name the receiving Cayman entity or the Indian company, and the ASIC filing is not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":"A copy of the New Zealand companies register retrieved in October 2026 shows all 6,000,001 shares of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited held by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited, its ultimate holding company."},"reading":"Attributed: An Australian financial newspaper reported in July 2023 that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC show the Australian company moved 100 per cent of its shareholding in the group's New Zealand business and 99.99 per cent of its Indian business to the Cayman Islands on 1 January 2023, one share remaining in India as Indian law requires."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-parent-investment-2022","record":{"id":"c-str-parent-investment-2022","kind":"attributed","text":"According to the same report, the parent company put A$47 million into the Australian company during 2022 by buying shares in it.","source_ids":["src-105"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-cayman"],"qualification":"The report does not name the parent company; Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is identified as Airwallex Pty Ltd's sole owner in the fund disclosure of 2025.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: According to the same report, the parent company put A$47 million into the Australian company during 2022 by buying shares in it."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-nz-ownership","record":{"id":"c-str-nz-ownership","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited (company number 8151714, NZBN 9429048910057) was registered on 12 January 2021. A copy of the New Zealand companies register shows all 6,000,001 of its shares held by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (307718), which is also recorded as its ultimate holding company, and its registered office at 16 Kingston Street, Auckland.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["awx-nz","awx-cayman"],"qualification":"The copy was retrieved from a commercial site that reproduces the Companies Office register.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited (company number 8151714, NZBN 9429048910057) was registered on 12 January 2021. A copy of the New Zealand companies register shows all 6,000,001 of its shares held by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (307718), which is also recorded as its ultimate holding company, and its registered office at 16 Kingston Street, Auckland."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-headquarters","record":{"id":"c-str-headquarters","kind":"fact","text":"Press accounts describe the group's headquarters moving from Melbourne to Hong Kong in 2018 and from there to Singapore in 2023; in December 2025 the group named San Francisco as a second global headquarters alongside Singapore. In 2017 the start-up had about 40 staff and offices in Melbourne, Shanghai and Hong Kong, was opening in London and planned a presence in Singapore.","source_ids":["src-030","src-049","src-024","src-072","src-027"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"The dates of the moves come from press reports; an Australian newspaper in 2026 describes the group as officially domiciled in the Cayman Islands.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Press accounts describe the group's headquarters moving from Melbourne to Hong Kong in 2018 and from there to Singapore in 2023; in December 2025 the group named San Francisco as a second global headquarters alongside Singapore. In 2017 the start-up had about 40 staff and offices in Melbourne, Shanghai and Hong Kong, was opening in London and planned a presence in Singapore."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-scale-2026","record":{"id":"c-str-scale-2026","kind":"fact","text":"In its announcement of the Australian board appointments the group described itself as founded in Melbourne in 2015, holding more than 80 licences across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific, co-headquartered in San Francisco and Singapore, with more than 2,200 employees in 26 offices.","source_ids":["src-004","src-002"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"These figures are the company's own description; Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement for 2025 gives more than 2,400 employees.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In its announcement of the Australian board appointments the group described itself as founded in Melbourne in 2015, holding more than 80 licences across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific, co-headquartered in San Francisco and Singapore, with more than 2,200 employees in 26 offices."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-seed","record":{"id":"c-fund-seed","kind":"fact","text":"According to a US business magazine, co-founder Lucy Liu provided Airwallex's initial US$1 million of seed funding in 2015, after which the start-up raised a further US$3 million from small venture firms. Another business magazine, in a corrected account of 2026, reports that Liu offered US$2 million and that Jack Zhang accepted US$1 million.","source_ids":["src-024","src-084"],"entity_ids":["lucy-liu","awx-group","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"Both accounts come from interviews; no filing records the seed investment or the shares it bought.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to a US business magazine, co-founder Lucy Liu provided Airwallex's initial US$1 million of seed funding in 2015, after which the start-up raised a further US$3 million from small venture firms. Another business magazine, in a corrected account of 2026, reports that Liu offered US$2 million and that Jack Zhang accepted US$1 million."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-pre-a","record":{"id":"c-fund-pre-a","kind":"fact","text":"On 5 July 2016 Airwallex announced a US$3 million pre-Series A round led by the Shanghai-based venture firm Gobi Partners, with Gravity VC and the angel investors Huashan Capital One taking part.","source_ids":["src-037"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","gobi","gravity","huashan"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 5 July 2016 Airwallex announced a US$3 million pre-Series A round led by the Shanghai-based venture firm Gobi Partners, with Gravity VC and the angel investors Huashan Capital One taking part."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-a","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-a","kind":"fact","text":"A technology news site reported on 1 May 2017 that the Melbourne-based start-up had closed a US$13 million Series A round led by Tencent, its first investment in an Australian start-up, with Sequoia China, MasterCard and the existing investor Gobi Ventures taking part; the start-up had raised US$3 million the previous summer.","source_ids":["src-030"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","mastercard","gobi"],"qualification":"A press report of the round; the start-up's own announcement is not among the retained records, and the issuing company is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A technology news site reported on 1 May 2017 that the Melbourne-based start-up had closed a US$13 million Series A round led by Tencent, its first investment in an Australian start-up, with Sequoia China, MasterCard and the existing investor Gobi Ventures taking part; the start-up had raised US$3 million the previous summer."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-b","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-b","kind":"fact","text":"A Singapore business newspaper reported on 3 July 2018 that Airwallex had raised US$80 million in a Series B round led by its Series A investors Tencent and Sequoia China, with Hillhouse, Horizons Ventures, Central Capital Ventura and Square Peg joining; Square Peg had also taken part in a US$6 million Series A+ round in December 2017, and total funding reached US$102 million.","source_ids":["src-031"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","hillhouse","horizons","central-capital","square-peg"],"qualification":"Based on the company's statement as reported by the newspaper; the issuing company and the investors' stakes are not stated.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A Singapore business newspaper reported on 3 July 2018 that Airwallex had raised US$80 million in a Series B round led by its Series A investors Tencent and Sequoia China, with Hillhouse, Horizons Ventures, Central Capital Ventura and Square Peg joining; Square Peg had also taken part in a US$6 million Series A+ round in December 2017, and total funding reached US$102 million."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-c","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-c","kind":"fact","text":"A technology news site reported on 25 March 2019 that Airwallex had closed a US$100 million Series C round valuing it above US$1 billion, led by DST Global with returning investors Sequoia China, Tencent, Hillhouse Capital, Gobi Partners, Horizons Ventures and Square Peg, bringing total funding above US$200 million.","source_ids":["src-032"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","dst","hongshan","tencent","hillhouse","gobi","horizons","square-peg"],"qualification":"Reported from the company's announcement, in which it disclosed a valuation for the first time; stakes are not stated.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A technology news site reported on 25 March 2019 that Airwallex had closed a US$100 million Series C round valuing it above US$1 billion, led by DST Global with returning investors Sequoia China, Tencent, Hillhouse Capital, Gobi Partners, Horizons Ventures and Square Peg, bringing total funding above US$200 million."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-d","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-d","kind":"fact","text":"A technology news site reported on 15 April 2020 that Airwallex had raised a US$160 million Series D round, including ANZi Ventures, the investment arm of ANZ Bank, and Salesforce Ventures, along with returning investors DST Global, Tencent, Sequoia Capital China, Hillhouse Capital and Horizons Ventures, bringing total funding to US$360 million. The round was extended in March 2021.","source_ids":["src-033","src-034"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","anzi","salesforce-ventures","dst","tencent","hongshan","hillhouse","horizons"],"qualification":"Reported from the company's announcement; the March 2021 extension is mentioned by a later report without its size or investors.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A technology news site reported on 15 April 2020 that Airwallex had raised a US$160 million Series D round, including ANZi Ventures, the investment arm of ANZ Bank, and Salesforce Ventures, along with returning investors DST Global, Tencent, Sequoia Capital China, Hillhouse Capital and Horizons Ventures, bringing total funding to US$360 million. The round was extended in March 2021."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-e","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-e","kind":"fact","text":"In September 2021 Airwallex raised US$200 million in a Series E round at a US$4 billion valuation, led by Lone Pine Capital, with new investors G Squared and Vetamer Capital and existing investors 1835i Ventures (formerly ANZi), DST Global, Salesforce Ventures and Sequoia Capital China. In November 2021 Lone Pine Capital led a further US$100 million (Series E1), with 1835i Ventures and Sequoia Capital China, at a US$5.5 billion valuation; total funding then stood at US$802 million.","source_ids":["src-034","src-036"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","lone-pine","g-squared","vetamer","anzi","dst","salesforce-ventures","hongshan"],"qualification":"Two trade reports of the company's announcements; no investor's stake is stated.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In September 2021 Airwallex raised US$200 million in a Series E round at a US$4 billion valuation, led by Lone Pine Capital, with new investors G Squared and Vetamer Capital and existing investors 1835i Ventures (formerly ANZi), DST Global, Salesforce Ventures and Sequoia Capital China. In November 2021 Lone Pine Capital led a further US$100 million (Series E1), with 1835i Ventures and Sequoia Capital China, at a US$5.5 billion valuation; total funding then stood at US$802 million."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-e-2022","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-e-2022","kind":"fact","text":"A news agency reported on 11 October 2022 that Airwallex had raised US$100 million in an extension of its Series E round at an unchanged US$5.5 billion valuation, from existing investors including Tencent Holdings, Sequoia Capital China and Lone Pine Capital, joined by the Australian superannuation fund HostPlus and a North American pension fund; the company said total funding exceeded US$900 million.","source_ids":["src-035"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","lone-pine","hostplus"],"qualification":"The agency relays the company's statement; the North American pension fund is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A news agency reported on 11 October 2022 that Airwallex had raised US$100 million in an extension of its Series E round at an unchanged US$5.5 billion valuation, from existing investors including Tencent Holdings, Sequoia Capital China and Lone Pine Capital, joined by the Australian superannuation fund HostPlus and a North American pension fund; the company said total funding exceeded US$900 million."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-f","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-f","kind":"fact","text":"On 21 May 2025 Airwallex announced a US$300 million Series F round at a US$6.2 billion valuation, including US$150 million of secondary share transfers, with Square Peg, DST Global, Lone Pine Capital, Blackbird, Airtree, Salesforce Ventures and several Australian pension funds, and Visa Ventures joining as a strategic investor; it put total funding above US$1.2 billion.","source_ids":["src-026"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","square-peg","dst","lone-pine","blackbird","airtree","salesforce-ventures","visa-ventures"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 21 May 2025 Airwallex announced a US$300 million Series F round at a US$6.2 billion valuation, including US$150 million of secondary share transfers, with Square Peg, DST Global, Lone Pine Capital, Blackbird, Airtree, Salesforce Ventures and several Australian pension funds, and Visa Ventures joining as a strategic investor; it put total funding above US$1.2 billion."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-g","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-g","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex announced on 8 December 2025 that it had raised US$330 million in a Series G round valuing it at US$8 billion, led by Addition with T. Rowe Price, Activant, Lingotto, Robinhood Ventures and TIAA Ventures.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","addition","t-rowe","activant","lingotto","robinhood-ventures","tiaa-ventures"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex announced on 8 December 2025 that it had raised US$330 million in a Series G round valuing it at US$8 billion, led by Addition with T. Rowe Price, Activant, Lingotto, Robinhood Ventures and TIAA Ventures."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-robinhood-sec","record":{"id":"c-fund-robinhood-sec","kind":"fact","text":"Robinhood Ventures Fund I's certified shareholder report filed with the SEC lists, as of 31 March 2026, 1,173,709 shares of Series G preferred stock of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited, acquired on 21 November 2025, at a cost and fair value of US$25,000,002.","source_ids":["src-018"],"entity_ids":["robinhood-ventures","awx-cayman"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Robinhood Ventures Fund I's certified shareholder report filed with the SEC lists, as of 31 March 2026, 1,173,709 shares of Series G preferred stock of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited, acquired on 21 November 2025, at a cost and fair value of US$25,000,002."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-series-h","record":{"id":"c-fund-series-h","kind":"fact","text":"In June 2026 Airwallex announced US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation, led by the returning investor Addition, with Baillie Gifford, Hummingbird, QED Investors, T. Rowe Price, Hedosophia, Haun Ventures, Washington University in St. Louis and Amex Ventures.","source_ids":["src-024","src-027"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","addition","baillie-gifford","qed","t-rowe","hedosophia","haun","amex-ventures"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In June 2026 Airwallex announced US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation, led by the returning investor Addition, with Baillie Gifford, Hummingbird, QED Investors, T. Rowe Price, Hedosophia, Haun Ventures, Washington University in St. Louis and Amex Ventures."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-totals","record":{"id":"c-fund-totals","kind":"fact","text":"A personal-finance magazine reported in January 2026 that over ten years Airwallex had held seven funding rounds and raised more than US$1.5 billion of venture capital, including from the Australian firms AirTree, Blackbird and Square Peg.","source_ids":["src-076"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","airtree","blackbird","square-peg"],"qualification":"Round counts differ between accounts depending on how extensions are counted; the rounds above are those named in the retained reports.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A personal-finance magazine reported in January 2026 that over ten years Airwallex had held seven funding rounds and raised more than US$1.5 billion of venture capital, including from the Australian firms AirTree, Blackbird and Square Peg."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-aggregator","record":{"id":"c-fund-aggregator","kind":"fact","text":"A venture-capital database profile of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited also lists Greenoaks Capital Partners, Grok Ventures and Skip Capital as Series D investors and Hermitage Capital as a Series E investor, without stakes or dates. An Australian financial newspaper wrote in 2023 that Grok Ventures, the investment company of Atlassian co-founder Mike Cannon-Brookes, had invested.","source_ids":["src-054","src-105"],"entity_ids":["awx-cayman","awx-group"],"qualification":"These investors are named only by an aggregator and the newspaper; no announcement in the retained records names them.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A venture-capital database profile of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited also lists Greenoaks Capital Partners, Grok Ventures and Skip Capital as Series D investors and Hermitage Capital as a Series E investor, without stakes or dates. An Australian financial newspaper wrote in 2023 that Grok Ventures, the investment company of Atlassian co-founder Mike Cannon-Brookes, had invested."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-zhang-stake","record":{"id":"c-fund-zhang-stake","kind":"attributed","text":"A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that co-founder and chief executive Jack Zhang owns 12 per cent of Airwallex, a stake it valued at US$1.3 billion after the US$11 billion round.","source_ids":["src-024"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-group"],"qualification":"The share register of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is not public; the percentage is the magazine's figure.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that co-founder and chief executive Jack Zhang owns 12 per cent of Airwallex, a stake it valued at US$1.3 billion after the US$11 billion round."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-no-comment","record":{"id":"c-fund-no-comment","kind":"attributed","text":"An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex does not comment on the shareholdings of investors or founders, and that Lucy Liu had been quoted as saying she did not know which investor had the largest stake but that no investor had an outsized one.","source_ids":["src-041"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","lucy-liu","tencent"],"qualification":"The magazine relays Liu's remark from another press report; the company declined to give shareholdings.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex does not comment on the shareholdings of investors or founders, and that Lucy Liu had been quoted as saying she did not know which investor had the largest stake but that no investor had an outsized one."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-square-peg-largest","record":{"id":"c-fund-square-peg-largest","kind":"attributed","text":"An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026 that Square Peg Capital accounts for the largest stake in Airwallex, that Blackbird Ventures and Airtree Ventures also hold shares, and that its major Chinese backers include Tencent and HongShan Capital; in April 2026 it named Square Peg, Blackbird, AirTree and Tencent as the largest backers. In 2021 Square Peg co-founder Paul Bassat told the newspaper the firm had been a shareholder since 2017 without a board seat.","source_ids":["src-074","src-072","src-071"],"entity_ids":["square-peg","blackbird","airtree","tencent","hongshan","awx-group"],"qualification":"The size of Square Peg's stake is not stated, and no share register is among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026 that Square Peg Capital accounts for the largest stake in Airwallex, that Blackbird Ventures and Airtree Ventures also hold shares, and that its major Chinese backers include Tencent and HongShan Capital; in April 2026 it named Square Peg, Blackbird, AirTree and Tencent as the largest backers. In 2021 Square Peg co-founder Paul Bassat told the newspaper the firm had been a shareholder since 2017 without a board seat."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-tencent-stake","record":{"id":"c-fund-tencent-stake","kind":"attributed","text":"Senator Tom Cotton's June 2026 letter states that Tencent and HongShan reportedly hold a combined stake of more than 20 per cent.","source_ids":["src-084","src-086"],"entity_ids":["tencent","hongshan","awx-group","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"Neither figure comes from a share register; a business magazine reports Zhang's statement from the company's published response.","response":"Jack Zhang has said that Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat.","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: Senator Tom Cotton's June 2026 letter states that Tencent and HongShan reportedly hold a combined stake of more than 20 per cent."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fund-capital49","record":{"id":"c-fund-capital49","kind":"fact","text":"On 28 July 2021 Airwallex announced Capital 49, a venture capital fund set up by Airwallex's founders in cooperation with the company, aiming to raise US$200 million from the founders and other investors for companies in Airwallex's ecosystem; Jack Zhang was named its founder, and the fund had made two fintech investments.","source_ids":["src-053"],"entity_ids":["capital49","jack-zhang","awx-group"],"qualification":"The announcement does not identify the fund's legal entity or jurisdiction.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 28 July 2021 Airwallex announced Capital 49, a venture capital fund set up by Airwallex's founders in cooperation with the company, aiming to raise US$200 million from the founders and other investors for companies in Airwallex's ecosystem; Jack Zhang was named its founder, and the fund had made two fintech investments."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-overview","record":{"id":"c-lic-overview","kind":"fact","text":"The group's licensing disclosure lists the licensed companies by country: Airwallex Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd in Australia, AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento in Brazil, Airwallex (Canada) International Payments in Canada, Yunhui Pay in mainland China, Airwallex (Hong Kong), UniCard Solution and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong in Hong Kong, PT Skye Sab Indonesia, Airwallex (Israel), Airwallex Japan, AWX Lithuania, Airwallex (Malaysia), MexPago in Mexico, Airwallex (Netherlands) and Airwallex Capital (Netherlands), Airwallex (New Zealand), Airwallex (Singapore) and Airwallex Capital (Singapore), Paynuri in South Korea, Airwallex (UK), Airwallex US and AWX Capital US in the United States, and a Vietnamese member company holding an intermediary payment service licence.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","awx-au","awx-capital-au","awx-br-ip","awx-ca","yunhui","awx-hk","unicard","awx-capital-hk","skye-sab","awx-il","awx-jp","awx-lt","awx-my","mexpago","awx-nl","awx-capital-nl","awx-nz","awx-sg","paynuri","awx-uk","awx-us"],"qualification":"This is the group's own list; regulator records retained in the case confirm the entries for Australia, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Singapore, Hong Kong (UniCard and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong), Japan, Malaysia, the United Kingdom and Brazil.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The group's licensing disclosure lists the licensed companies by country: Airwallex Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd in Australia, AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento in Brazil, Airwallex (Canada) International Payments in Canada, Yunhui Pay in mainland China, Airwallex (Hong Kong), UniCard Solution and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong in Hong Kong, PT Skye Sab Indonesia, Airwallex (Israel), Airwallex Japan, AWX Lithuania, Airwallex (Malaysia), MexPago in Mexico, Airwallex (Netherlands) and Airwallex Capital (Netherlands), Airwallex (New Zealand), Airwallex (Singapore) and Airwallex Capital (Singapore), Paynuri in South Korea, Airwallex (UK), Airwallex US and AWX Capital US in the United States, and a Vietnamese member company holding an intermediary payment service licence."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-uk","record":{"id":"c-lic-uk","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex (UK) Limited (company number 10103420) is an authorised electronic money institution under FCA reference number 900876, with that status from 26 November 2018 according to the FCA's list of e-money firms; it also holds permission to provide e-money and payment services into Gibraltar from the United Kingdom. The same FCA list contains a second entry, 900824, for AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED with the status \"Cancelled - Authorised EMI\".","source_ids":["src-096","src-011","src-100","src-016"],"entity_ids":["awx-uk"],"qualification":"The FCA list gives no date or reason for the cancelled entry.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex (UK) Limited (company number 10103420) is an authorised electronic money institution under FCA reference number 900876, with that status from 26 November 2018 according to the FCA's list of e-money firms; it also holds permission to provide e-money and payment services into Gibraltar from the United Kingdom. The same FCA list contains a second entry, 900824, for AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED with the status \"Cancelled - Authorised EMI\"."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-nl","record":{"id":"c-lic-nl","kind":"fact","text":"De Nederlandsche Bank's public register lists Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. (Chamber of Commerce 77519256, LEI 724500FH0D6K3YH7TS78, seat Amsterdam) as an electronic money institution under relation number R179622, authorised since 30 April 2021 to issue e-money and provide payment services, with an EU passport. Airwallex Netherlands Stichting is related to it as the third-party account entity holding customer funds and is included in DNB's supervision.","source_ids":["src-042","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-nl","awx-nl-stichting"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: De Nederlandsche Bank's public register lists Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. (Chamber of Commerce 77519256, LEI 724500FH0D6K3YH7TS78, seat Amsterdam) as an electronic money institution under relation number R179622, authorised since 30 April 2021 to issue e-money and provide payment services, with an EU passport. Airwallex Netherlands Stichting is related to it as the third-party account entity holding customer funds and is included in DNB's supervision."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-capital-nl","record":{"id":"c-lic-capital-nl","kind":"fact","text":"According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex Capital (Netherlands) B.V. has been licensed by the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) since 31 July 2025 to receive, transmit and execute orders for participation rights in recognised money market funds, with a passport across the European Economic Area.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-capital-nl"],"qualification":"The AFM register entry itself is not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex Capital (Netherlands) B.V. has been licensed by the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) since 31 July 2025 to receive, transmit and execute orders for participation rights in recognised money market funds, with a passport across the European Economic Area."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-lt","record":{"id":"c-lic-lt","kind":"fact","text":"The Bank of Lithuania's register lists AWX Lithuania, UAB (company code 305697289, authorisation code LB002102, Vilnius) as an electronic money institution with a licence for unlimited activity valid from 6 October 2021, and as a currency exchange operator.","source_ids":["src-043","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-lt"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Bank of Lithuania's register lists AWX Lithuania, UAB (company code 305697289, authorisation code LB002102, Vilnius) as an electronic money institution with a licence for unlimited activity valid from 6 October 2021, and as a currency exchange operator."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-sg","record":{"id":"c-lic-sg","kind":"fact","text":"The Monetary Authority of Singapore's Financial Institutions Directory lists AIRWALLEX (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD. as a major payment institution licensed for account issuance, domestic and cross-border money transfer, merchant acquisition and e-money issuance, with Wu Kai named as key personnel. The licensing disclosure gives licence number PS20200541 and names Airwallex Capital (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. as holder of capital markets services licence CMS101830.","source_ids":["src-044","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-sg","kai-wu"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Monetary Authority of Singapore's Financial Institutions Directory lists AIRWALLEX (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD. as a major payment institution licensed for account issuance, domestic and cross-border money transfer, merchant acquisition and e-money issuance, with Wu Kai named as key personnel. The licensing disclosure gives licence number PS20200541 and names Airwallex Capital (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. as holder of capital markets services licence CMS101830."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-hk","record":{"id":"c-lic-hk","kind":"fact","text":"In Hong Kong, the licensing disclosure lists Airwallex (Hong Kong) Ltd as a money service operator licensed by the Customs and Excise Department (licence 16-09-01929). The Hong Kong Monetary Authority's register lists UniCard Solution Limited as a stored value facility licensee under licence SVF0009 since 4 November 2016, and the Securities and Futures Commission's register shows Airwallex Capital Hong Kong Limited (CE number BUL570) licensed since 2 September 2024 for advising on securities and asset management, with no licence for virtual-asset services.","source_ids":["src-011","src-045","src-069"],"entity_ids":["awx-hk","unicard","awx-capital-hk"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In Hong Kong, the licensing disclosure lists Airwallex (Hong Kong) Ltd as a money service operator licensed by the Customs and Excise Department (licence 16-09-01929). The Hong Kong Monetary Authority's register lists UniCard Solution Limited as a stored value facility licensee under licence SVF0009 since 4 November 2016, and the Securities and Futures Commission's register shows Airwallex Capital Hong Kong Limited (CE number BUL570) licensed since 2 September 2024 for advising on securities and asset management, with no licence for virtual-asset services."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-jp","record":{"id":"c-lic-jp","kind":"fact","text":"Japan's Financial Services Agency registers list Airwallex Japan K.K. (corporate number 1010401137711, Minato-ku, Tokyo) as an electronic payment agency service provider registered by the Kanto Local Finance Bureau as No. 119 on 4 September 2023 and as a second-type funds transfer service provider No. 00100 from 8 September 2025. The licensing disclosure adds a registration with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as a credit-card-number handler (No. 175, 14 November 2023).","source_ids":["src-081","src-094","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-jp"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Japan's Financial Services Agency registers list Airwallex Japan K.K. (corporate number 1010401137711, Minato-ku, Tokyo) as an electronic payment agency service provider registered by the Kanto Local Finance Bureau as No. 119 on 4 September 2023 and as a second-type funds transfer service provider No. 00100 from 8 September 2025. The licensing disclosure adds a registration with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as a credit-card-number handler (No. 175, 14 November 2023)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-my","record":{"id":"c-lic-my","kind":"fact","text":"Bank Negara Malaysia's directory lists Airwallex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1269761X) as a registered non-bank merchant acquirer and e-money issuer with foreign ownership, whose e-money products are a multi-currency digital wallet and a corporate Visa prepaid card. The licensing disclosure adds a class A money services business licence (No. 00767) for remittance and money changing.","source_ids":["src-080","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-my","visa"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Bank Negara Malaysia's directory lists Airwallex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1269761X) as a registered non-bank merchant acquirer and e-money issuer with foreign ownership, whose e-money products are a multi-currency digital wallet and a corporate Visa prepaid card. The licensing disclosure adds a class A money services business licence (No. 00767) for remittance and money changing."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-nz","record":{"id":"c-lic-nz","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex (New Zealand) Ltd is registered on New Zealand's Financial Service Providers Register as FSP1001602, according to the licensing disclosure.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-nz"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex (New Zealand) Ltd is registered on New Zealand's Financial Service Providers Register as FSP1001602, according to the licensing disclosure."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-cn","record":{"id":"c-lic-cn","kind":"fact","text":"The licensing disclosure lists Yunhui Pay Co. Ltd as licensed by the People's Bank of China to operate Type I stored value accounts under licence Z2025844000016.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["yunhui","awx-group"],"qualification":"No Chinese registry or central bank record for Yunhui Pay is among the retained documents, and the disclosure does not state how the company is owned.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The licensing disclosure lists Yunhui Pay Co. Ltd as licensed by the People's Bank of China to operate Type I stored value accounts under licence Z2025844000016."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-id","record":{"id":"c-lic-id","kind":"fact","text":"A regional technology news site reported on 10 December 2025, citing an Airwallex statement, that the group had acquired majority ownership of PT Skye Sab Indonesia, which holds a category 1 payment service provider (PJP) licence; the licensing disclosure gives the Bank Indonesia licence number 23/583/DKSP/Srt/B.","source_ids":["src-098","src-011"],"entity_ids":["skye-sab","awx-group"],"qualification":"The acquiring group company and the size of the stake are not stated.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A regional technology news site reported on 10 December 2025, citing an Airwallex statement, that the group had acquired majority ownership of PT Skye Sab Indonesia, which holds a category 1 payment service provider (PJP) licence; the licensing disclosure gives the Bank Indonesia licence number 23/583/DKSP/Srt/B."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-kr","record":{"id":"c-lic-kr","kind":"fact","text":"A South Korean business newspaper reported on 22 January 2026 that Airwallex had acquired the South Korean company Paynuri, which holds electronic payment gateway and prepaid payment instrument licences and a foreign-exchange business registration; a news agency reported the acquisition of Paynuri Co Ltd the same week. A Korean company database lists the former (주)페이누리 under the name (주)에어월렉스코리아 (Airwallex Korea), founded on 10 October 2014, with its representative given as 카이우, the Korean rendering of the name Kai Wu.","source_ids":["src-104","src-012","src-025"],"entity_ids":["paynuri","awx-group"],"qualification":"The buyer within the group is not named, and no Korean regulator record is among the retained documents. The database does not identify its representative further, so the person is not linked here to the group executive of that name.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A South Korean business newspaper reported on 22 January 2026 that Airwallex had acquired the South Korean company Paynuri, which holds electronic payment gateway and prepaid payment instrument licences and a foreign-exchange business registration; a news agency reported the acquisition of Paynuri Co Ltd the same week. A Korean company database lists the former (주)페이누리 under the name (주)에어월렉스코리아 (Airwallex Korea), founded on 10 October 2014, with its representative given as 카이우, the Korean rendering of the name Kai Wu."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-unicard-2021","record":{"id":"c-lic-unicard-2021","kind":"fact","text":"A technology news site reported on 5 March 2021 that Airwallex had completed its acquisition of the Hong Kong prepaid card operator UniCard Solution after the Hong Kong Monetary Authority consented to Airwallex becoming a shareholder controller. A private-markets database profile records that Airwallex Pty Limited acquired UniCard Solution Limited in March 2021 and lists Mastercard International Incorporated and Airwallex as its current investors.","source_ids":["src-103","src-083"],"entity_ids":["unicard","awx-au","awx-group","mastercard"],"qualification":"The database is the only retained record naming the Australian company as the buyer; the group's licensing disclosure describes UniCard as a member of the Airwallex group without naming its shareholder.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A technology news site reported on 5 March 2021 that Airwallex had completed its acquisition of the Hong Kong prepaid card operator UniCard Solution after the Hong Kong Monetary Authority consented to Airwallex becoming a shareholder controller. A private-markets database profile records that Airwallex Pty Limited acquired UniCard Solution Limited in March 2021 and lists Mastercard International Incorporated and Airwallex as its current investors."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-us","record":{"id":"c-lic-us","kind":"fact","text":"Florida's corporate register lists five Airwallex limited liability companies registered as foreign entities: AIRWALLEX US, LLC (M19000010601), AIRWALLEX CAPITAL (US) LLC (M26000004431), AIRWALLEX DIGITAL (US) LLC (M26000004675), AIRWALLEX COMMERCELINK (US) LLC (M26000009336), all active, and AIRWALLEX FINANCING SERVICES (US) LLC (M25000005134). According to the licensing disclosure Airwallex US, LLC is licensed as a money transmitter in the listed US jurisdictions and AWX Capital US is a FINRA member firm.","source_ids":["src-070","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-us","awx-group"],"qualification":"The Florida register shows names, numbers and status only, without members or managers.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Florida's corporate register lists five Airwallex limited liability companies registered as foreign entities: AIRWALLEX US, LLC (M19000010601), AIRWALLEX CAPITAL (US) LLC (M26000004431), AIRWALLEX DIGITAL (US) LLC (M26000004675), AIRWALLEX COMMERCELINK (US) LLC (M26000009336), all active, and AIRWALLEX FINANCING SERVICES (US) LLC (M25000005134). According to the licensing disclosure Airwallex US, LLC is licensed as a money transmitter in the listed US jurisdictions and AWX Capital US is a FINRA member firm."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-ca","record":{"id":"c-lic-ca","kind":"fact","text":"According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex (Canada) International Payments Ltd is registered with FINTRAC as a money services business (M19395067), licensed in Québec as a money services business (No. 14460), and has applied to the Bank of Canada for registration as a payment service provider.","source_ids":["src-011","src-066"],"entity_ids":["awx-ca"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex (Canada) International Payments Ltd is registered with FINTRAC as a money services business (M19395067), licensed in Québec as a money services business (No. 14460), and has applied to the Bank of Canada for registration as a payment service provider."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-il","record":{"id":"c-lic-il","kind":"fact","text":"According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex (Israel) Ltd (company number 516851961) is authorised by the Israel Securities Authority to provide payment services.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-il"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex (Israel) Ltd (company number 516851961) is authorised by the Israel Securities Authority to provide payment services."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-mx","record":{"id":"c-lic-mx","kind":"fact","text":"On 15 January 2025 Airwallex announced that it had finalised the acquisition of MexPago, a Mexican payment service provider licensed as an electronic payment funds institution (IFPE), and that MexPago's founder and chief executive Luis Castillejos Ordaz would become Airwallex's country manager for Mexico. The licensing disclosure names the licensee as MexPago Transacciones, S.A.P.I. de C.V., a member of the Airwallex group licensed by Mexico's National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV).","source_ids":["src-052","src-011","src-054"],"entity_ids":["mexpago","awx-group","luis-castillejos"],"qualification":"A deal database dates the acquisition to 19 October 2023, presumably the agreement; the buyer within the group is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 15 January 2025 Airwallex announced that it had finalised the acquisition of MexPago, a Mexican payment service provider licensed as an electronic payment funds institution (IFPE), and that MexPago's founder and chief executive Luis Castillejos Ordaz would become Airwallex's country manager for Mexico. The licensing disclosure names the licensee as MexPago Transacciones, S.A.P.I. de C.V., a member of the Airwallex group licensed by Mexico's National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-br","record":{"id":"c-lic-br","kind":"fact","text":"In the same announcement Airwallex said it had obtained a payment institution licence from the Banco Central do Brasil. The licensing disclosure names the licensee as AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., authorised as a payment institution (post-paid instruments, payment initiation, e-money issuance and acquiring) and to operate in the foreign exchange market.","source_ids":["src-011","src-052"],"entity_ids":["awx-br-ip","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In the same announcement Airwallex said it had obtained a payment institution licence from the Banco Central do Brasil. The licensing disclosure names the licensee as AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., authorised as a payment institution (post-paid instruments, payment initiation, e-money issuance and acquiring) and to operate in the foreign exchange market."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lic-unipay","record":{"id":"c-lic-unipay","kind":"fact","text":"An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex had recently acquired MexPago in Mexico and entered Brazil through the acquisition of the payments company UniPay, and that it held more than 60 licences and permits.","source_ids":["src-041"],"entity_ids":["unipay","mexpago","awx-group"],"qualification":"UniPay is named only in this article; Airwallex's own announcement of its Brazilian licence does not mention it, and no Brazilian record of UniPay is among the retained documents.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex had recently acquired MexPago in Mexico and entered Brazil through the acquisition of the payments company UniPay, and that it held more than 60 licences and permits."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-notice","record":{"id":"c-aus-notice","kind":"fact","text":"On 22 January 2026 AUSTRAC's National Manager, Regulatory Operations, Bradley Brown, acting as delegate of the AUSTRAC chief executive, issued Airwallex Pty Ltd a notice under subsection 162(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 stating that he had reasonable grounds to suspect that the company, a reporting entity, had contravened and/or was contravening sections 36, 41, 81 and 82 of the Act, and requiring it to appoint an external auditor.","source_ids":["src-009","src-092","src-072"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"qualification":"The notice records a suspicion that justifies an audit; it is not a finding that the Act was contravened.","response":"","outcome":"Airwallex said an external auditor was appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year. AUSTRAC has indicated that the report will inform what, if any, further action it takes and will not be made public; no result of the audit is recorded up to October 2026.","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-au"]},"reading":"Fact: On 22 January 2026 AUSTRAC's National Manager, Regulatory Operations, Bradley Brown, acting as delegate of the AUSTRAC chief executive, issued Airwallex Pty Ltd a notice under subsection 162(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 stating that he had reasonable grounds to suspect that the company, a reporting entity, had contravened and/or was contravening sections 36, 41, 81 and 82 of the Act, and requiring it to appoint an external auditor."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-notice-terms","record":{"id":"c-aus-notice-terms","kind":"fact","text":"The notice requires Airwallex to engage the auditor within 14 days after AUSTRAC authorises a nominated individual, and to give AUSTRAC the audit report within 180 days of the engagement. The audit covers 1 January 2024 to the date of the notice and must assess the company's money laundering and terrorism financing risk assessment, its transaction monitoring program (including child sexual exploitation risks), suspicious matter reporting under section 41, enhanced and ongoing customer due diligence, know-your-customer controls including duplicate accounts, and AML/CTF governance and board oversight under section 81. Failure to comply with the requirement is an offence and a civil penalty provision.","source_ids":["src-009"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The notice requires Airwallex to engage the auditor within 14 days after AUSTRAC authorises a nominated individual, and to give AUSTRAC the audit report within 180 days of the engagement. The audit covers 1 January 2024 to the date of the notice and must assess the company's money laundering and terrorism financing risk assessment, its transaction monitoring program (including child sexual exploitation risks), suspicious matter reporting under section 41, enhanced and ongoing customer due diligence, know-your-customer controls including duplicate accounts, and AML/CTF governance and board oversight under section 81. Failure to comply with the requirement is an offence and a civil penalty provision."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-release","record":{"id":"c-aus-release","kind":"fact","text":"AUSTRAC announced the order the same day, describing the audited business as the Airwallex Designated Business Group. Its chief executive Brendan Thomas said AUSTRAC takes such action where it suspects serious non-compliance, and that AUSTRAC was concerned that Airwallex's transaction monitoring program had not been attuned to the full range of risks it faces, that the company had not demonstrated an acceptable understanding of who its customers are and what reporting may be required, and about how well it identifies and reports suspicious matters and oversees these obligations. The audit is at Airwallex's expense, and its results are to inform AUSTRAC whether further regulatory action is required.","source_ids":["src-014","src-012","src-075","src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"qualification":"These are the regulator's stated concerns at the start of an audit, not its conclusions.","response":"An Airwallex spokesman said the company would cooperate, welcomed the audit as a transparent opportunity to independently validate its AML/CTF program, said it had zero tolerance for financial crime and that any customer unable to comply is promptly terminated, and that it expected the audit to validate its framework. The company also said AUSTRAC had audited its program in 2024 and an independent external auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-au"]},"reading":"Fact: AUSTRAC announced the order the same day, describing the audited business as the Airwallex Designated Business Group. Its chief executive Brendan Thomas said AUSTRAC takes such action where it suspects serious non-compliance, and that AUSTRAC was concerned that Airwallex's transaction monitoring program had not been attuned to the full range of risks it faces, that the company had not demonstrated an acceptable understanding of who its customers are and what reporting may be required, and about how well it identifies and reports suspicious matters and oversees these obligations. The audit is at Airwallex's expense, and its results are to inform AUSTRAC whether further regulatory action is required."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-prior-audits","record":{"id":"c-aus-prior-audits","kind":"attributed","text":"Airwallex told a news agency that AUSTRAC had audited its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing program in 2024 and that an external, independent auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025; a spokesman told an Australian newspaper the 2024 audit found it had implemented appropriate systems and controls.","source_ids":["src-012","src-075"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"qualification":"No report of either earlier audit is among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: Airwallex told a news agency that AUSTRAC had audited its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing program in 2024 and that an external, independent auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025; a spokesman told an Australian newspaper the 2024 audit found it had implemented appropriate systems and controls."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-miller","record":{"id":"c-aus-miller","kind":"attributed","text":"AUSTRAC deputy chief executive Katie Miller told an Australian newspaper that Airwallex was one of several payment companies the agency had looked at, that a key concern was the use of payment platforms by \"money mules\" moving money for crimes such as online child sexual abuse, and that because Airwallex onboards customers almost entirely remotely the agency saw such platforms as a high-risk channel for illicit funds. She said Airwallex had cooperated, provided the information requested and made a range of changes and improvements in response to the agency's concerns.","source_ids":["src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"qualification":"Miller described sector risks and the agency's concerns; she did not say that wrongdoing had been established.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-au"]},"reading":"Attributed: AUSTRAC deputy chief executive Katie Miller told an Australian newspaper that Airwallex was one of several payment companies the agency had looked at, that a key concern was the use of payment platforms by \"money mules\" moving money for crimes such as online child sexual abuse, and that because Airwallex onboards customers almost entirely remotely the agency saw such platforms as a high-risk channel for illicit funds. She said Airwallex had cooperated, provided the information requested and made a range of changes and improvements in response to the agency's concerns."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-press-csam","record":{"id":"c-aus-press-csam","kind":"attributed","text":"An Australian newspaper reported that AUSTRAC ordered the audit because it suspects that payments by criminals for child sexual abuse material are hidden among the money flowing through Airwallex's systems, and an Australian financial newspaper reported that AUSTRAC had started investigating Airwallex six months before January 2026 over suspicions the platform was being used to fund child sexual abuse.","source_ids":["src-074","src-089"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"The newspapers themselves state that the claims have not been proven; AUSTRAC's own notice and release refer to monitoring, reporting and governance obligations, with child sexual exploitation among the risks the monitoring must cover.","response":"Airwallex said its financial integrity systems are world class; chief executive Jack Zhang defended the company on LinkedIn, writing that good decisions come from first principles and primary sources rather than headlines or hearsay.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-au"]},"reading":"Attributed: An Australian newspaper reported that AUSTRAC ordered the audit because it suspects that payments by criminals for child sexual abuse material are hidden among the money flowing through Airwallex's systems, and an Australian financial newspaper reported that AUSTRAC had started investigating Airwallex six months before January 2026 over suspicions the platform was being used to fund child sexual abuse."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-auditor-appointed","record":{"id":"c-aus-auditor-appointed","kind":"attributed","text":"Airwallex said in May 2026 that an external auditor had been appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year, and that it was co-operating fully with AUSTRAC and the auditor. An Australian newspaper reported in April 2026 that the audit was progressing in line with the regulator's timeframes, that the report would inform what further action, if any, AUSTRAC takes, and that it would not be made public.","source_ids":["src-092","src-072"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"qualification":"No outcome of the audit is in the retained records up to October 2026.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: Airwallex said in May 2026 that an external auditor had been appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year, and that it was co-operating fully with AUSTRAC and the auditor. An Australian newspaper reported in April 2026 that the audit was progressing in line with the regulator's timeframes, that the report would inform what further action, if any, AUSTRAC takes, and that it would not be made public."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-liu-industry","record":{"id":"c-aus-liu-industry","kind":"attributed","text":"In April 2026 Lucy Liu said the audit was ongoing and that Airwallex had co-operated fully with the auditor and the regulator. In August 2026 she told a business magazine the probe was industry-wide rather than company-specific, and Jack Zhang told another business magazine he believed it was part of an industry-wide effort to monitor fintech companies.","source_ids":["src-084","src-085","src-072","src-024"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac","lucy-liu","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"AUSTRAC's published list of external-audit notices shows four notices issued in 2026, to Airwallex Pty Ltd, Binance Australia, MHITS Limited and Bankstown District Sports Club, and earlier notices including WorldRemit and Western Union in 2025; Airwallex Pty Ltd is the only Airwallex company on the list.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: In April 2026 Lucy Liu said the audit was ongoing and that Airwallex had co-operated fully with the auditor and the regulator. In August 2026 she told a business magazine the probe was industry-wide rather than company-specific, and Jack Zhang told another business magazine he believed it was part of an industry-wide effort to monitor fintech companies."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-ipo","record":{"id":"c-aus-ipo","kind":"attributed","text":"After the notice Jack Zhang wrote on LinkedIn that Airwallex had never planned an IPO in 2026 \"or even next year\"; the company told an Australian newspaper it had no set timeline for listing.","source_ids":["src-076","src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"Statements of intention by the company, not a decision of any authority or exchange.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: After the notice Jack Zhang wrote on LinkedIn that Airwallex had never planned an IPO in 2026 \"or even next year\"; the company told an Australian newspaper it had no set timeline for listing."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-nz-accounts","record":{"id":"c-aus-nz-accounts","kind":"attributed","text":"A social-media post by an anti-money laundering consultancy, summarising a paywalled newspaper report, said that users from China had allegedly opened \"suspicious\" Airwallex accounts through New Zealand entities, bypassing stricter Australian controls and prompting scrutiny from AUSTRAC.","source_ids":["src-082"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"The underlying newspaper report is not among the retained records; the post does not name the Airwallex company involved, and no regulator statement in the case mentions New Zealand accounts.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: A social-media post by an anti-money laundering consultancy, summarising a paywalled newspaper report, said that users from China had allegedly opened \"suspicious\" Airwallex accounts through New Zealand entities, bypassing stricter Australian controls and prompting scrutiny from AUSTRAC."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-aus-governance-link","record":{"id":"c-aus-governance-link","kind":"attributed","text":"An Australian financial newspaper wrote that Elana Rubin and Bill English would provide governance oversight to the group as it deals with the AUSTRAC investigation.","source_ids":["src-039","src-072"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","elana-rubin","bill-english","austrac"],"qualification":"The newspaper's characterisation of the reason for the appointments, which the company disputes.","response":"Lucy Liu said the appointments were not a direct response to AUSTRAC: \"It's not really about AUSTRAC. It's about improving our governance as we scale.\"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: An Australian financial newspaper wrote that Elana Rubin and Bill English would provide governance oversight to the group as it deals with the AUSTRAC investigation."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-nab-citi","record":{"id":"c-bank-nab-citi","kind":"attributed","text":"Two Australian newspapers reported in April 2021 that National Australia Bank had cancelled transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers in 2018 and that Citigroup later declined Airwallex's application for banking services. According to the newspapers, NAB told Airwallex the decision followed a post-royal commission policy to limit exposure to low-revenue money services businesses, while multiple sources said the services were withdrawn over red flags about Airwallex's customers, suspicious transaction patterns and the abrupt exit of its head of compliance. A Citi spokeswoman confirmed that Citi declined the application because Airwallex did not meet the bank's risk criteria; NAB continued to provide residual services, such as payroll and rent, to the Australian entity.","source_ids":["src-046","src-071"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-group","nab","citigroup"],"qualification":"The newspapers stated that they did not suggest Airwallex facilitated money laundering, only that other banks had concerns about its ability to comply with anti-money laundering laws. The sources are unnamed.","response":"An Airwallex spokeswoman said security and compliance were at the centre of every transaction and that the company did not cut corners; Airwallex said it was not aware of any concerns from NAB about payment transfers, that there was no instance of Citigroup rejecting it over any concerns and that it was in ongoing dialogue with Citi.","outcome":"Both banks approached Airwallex for possible business in 2020; NAB ended those discussions in October 2020 and the Citi enquiries did not lead to business, according to the newspapers.","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: Two Australian newspapers reported in April 2021 that National Australia Bank had cancelled transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers in 2018 and that Citigroup later declined Airwallex's application for banking services. According to the newspapers, NAB told Airwallex the decision followed a post-royal commission policy to limit exposure to low-revenue money services businesses, while multiple sources said the services were withdrawn over red flags about Airwallex's customers, suspicious transaction patterns and the abrupt exit of its head of compliance. A Citi spokeswoman confirmed that Citi declined the application because Airwallex did not meet the bank's risk criteria; NAB continued to provide residual services, such as payroll and rent, to the Australian entity."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-insider","record":{"id":"c-bank-insider","kind":"attributed","text":"The same report quoted a former NAB insider as saying NAB believed Airwallex was doing transactions that could not be explained, that its accounts had triggered a number of alerts in the bank's anti-money laundering department, and that customers appeared to make rapid round-trip payments between accounts to inflate their businesses' valuations; multiple sources said Citi had been concerned that Airwallex wanted to do business with customers in sanctioned countries.","source_ids":["src-071"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","nab","citigroup"],"qualification":"Anonymous sources; no bank record is among the retained documents.","response":"Airwallex denied dealing with customers in sanctioned countries.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: The same report quoted a former NAB insider as saying NAB believed Airwallex was doing transactions that could not be explained, that its accounts had triggered a number of alerts in the bank's anti-money laundering department, and that customers appeared to make rapid round-trip payments between accounts to inflate their businesses' valuations; multiple sources said Citi had been concerned that Airwallex wanted to do business with customers in sanctioned countries."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-former-staff","record":{"id":"c-bank-former-staff","kind":"attributed","text":"The newspapers said more than 20 former Airwallex employees had told them that the firm pursued a \"grow at all costs\" strategy in which customer acquisition and retention were routinely prioritised over thorough due diligence and suspicious payments were often ignored or downplayed.","source_ids":["src-071"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Accounts of unnamed former employees reported by the newspapers.","response":"An Airwallex spokeswoman rejected the claims, saying they did not represent the way the company conducts its business, that systems were in place to detect and review unusual or suspicious transactions, and that its compliance program had been reviewed by regulators, audited and confirmed by reputable international firms.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: The newspapers said more than 20 former Airwallex employees had told them that the firm pursued a \"grow at all costs\" strategy in which customer acquisition and retention were routinely prioritised over thorough due diligence and suspicious payments were often ignored or downplayed."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-anz","record":{"id":"c-bank-anz","kind":"attributed","text":"An Australian newspaper confirmed in April 2021 that ANZ had provided transactional services to Airwallex since 2017 and that ANZ's venture arm ANZi Ventures had made two investments in the company. It reported that ANZ's policy prohibits clients such as Airwallex from taking on remitters as clients, and that internal Airwallex documents showed it had signed an agreement with the Chinese payments company Onerway in 2018, forecasting US$71 million of transactions for it that year, and was in discussions with at least 17 other money transfer businesses.","source_ids":["src-046"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","anz","anzi","onerway"],"qualification":"The internal documents were obtained by the newspaper and are not among the retained records; the report does not say whether ANZ objected to these arrangements.","response":"An ANZ spokesman said the bank could not discuss individual customers but was fully aware of its legal obligations and conducts additional due diligence on businesses involved in international payments. Airwallex said it does not comment on specific customer matters, that it is open and frank with all its banking partners, and that it adheres to their specific requirements.","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: An Australian newspaper confirmed in April 2021 that ANZ had provided transactional services to Airwallex since 2017 and that ANZ's venture arm ANZi Ventures had made two investments in the company. It reported that ANZ's policy prohibits clients such as Airwallex from taking on remitters as clients, and that internal Airwallex documents showed it had signed an agreement with the Chinese payments company Onerway in 2018, forecasting US$71 million of transactions for it that year, and was in discussions with at least 17 other money transfer businesses."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-partners","record":{"id":"c-bank-partners","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex said in 2021 that it had more than 40 banking partners worldwide. Its current customer-funds page says the group partners with banks around the world, names DBS, J.P. Morgan, Standard Chartered and ANZ among them, and offers customers the ability to spread funds across more than 60 banking partners.","source_ids":["src-046","src-066"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","dbs","jpmorgan","stanchart","anz"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex said in 2021 that it had more than 40 banking partners worldwide. Its current customer-funds page says the group partners with banks around the world, names DBS, J.P. Morgan, Standard Chartered and ANZ among them, and offers customers the ability to spread funds across more than 60 banking partners."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-evolve","record":{"id":"c-bank-evolve","kind":"fact","text":"In the United States, the group's customer-funds page says Evolve Bank & Trust, a member of the FDIC, provides payment services to certain US customers as an Airwallex partner bank and holds their funds in an omnibus account for the benefit of Airwallex's customers, eligible for FDIC pass-through insurance.","source_ids":["src-066"],"entity_ids":["awx-us","evolve","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In the United States, the group's customer-funds page says Evolve Bank & Trust, a member of the FDIC, provides payment services to certain US customers as an Airwallex partner bank and holds their funds in an omnibus account for the benefit of Airwallex's customers, eligible for FDIC pass-through insurance."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-bank-jpm-yield","record":{"id":"c-bank-jpm-yield","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex launched its Yield product for Australian customers in 2024 in partnership with J.P. Morgan, offering a return on Australian and US dollar balances.","source_ids":["src-091"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","jpmorgan"],"qualification":"The company's statement as reported by an accounting trade publication on 1 July 2024.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex launched its Yield product for Australian customers in 2024 in partnership with J.P. Morgan, offering a return on Australian and US dollar balances."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-pay-card-schemes","record":{"id":"c-pay-card-schemes","kind":"fact","text":"In May 2021 Airwallex described itself as a principal member of Visa and Mastercard when it launched online card acceptance in Hong Kong, after the same service started in the United Kingdom and Europe in September 2020.","source_ids":["src-048"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","visa","mastercard"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In May 2021 Airwallex described itself as a principal member of Visa and Mastercard when it launched online card acceptance in Hong Kong, after the same service started in the United Kingdom and Europe in September 2020."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-pay-visa-xero","record":{"id":"c-pay-visa-xero","kind":"fact","text":"A technology news site reported in April 2020 that Airwallex had introduced Borderless Cards in partnership with Visa and an integration with the accounting platform Xero, and in March 2019 that Airwallex plugged into partners such as Stripe to offer other financial services.","source_ids":["src-033","src-032"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","visa","xero","stripe"],"qualification":"Press reports based on company announcements; the contractual terms are not described.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A technology news site reported in April 2020 that Airwallex had introduced Borderless Cards in partnership with Visa and an integration with the accounting platform Xero, and in March 2019 that Airwallex plugged into partners such as Stripe to offer other financial services."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-pay-integrations","record":{"id":"c-pay-integrations","kind":"fact","text":"A fintech trade publication reported in November 2021 that Airwallex business accounts connect with online stores such as eBay, Shopify and PayPal and with accounting packages such as Xero.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","ebay","shopify","paypal","xero"],"qualification":"A trade-press summary; how each integration works is not described.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A fintech trade publication reported in November 2021 that Airwallex business accounts connect with online stores such as eBay, Shopify and PayPal and with accounting packages such as Xero."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-pay-brex","record":{"id":"c-pay-brex","kind":"fact","text":"Brex's legal terms, in a version dated 5 November 2024, provide that participation in the Brex card program in the European Union is governed by Airwallex EU Card Terms, with Airwallex acting as the card issuer partner.","source_ids":["src-047"],"entity_ids":["brex","awx-group"],"qualification":"The terms do not name which Airwallex company issues the cards.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Brex's legal terms, in a version dated 5 November 2024, provide that participation in the Brex card program in the European Union is governed by Airwallex EU Card Terms, with Airwallex acting as the card issuer partner."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-pay-visa-affirm-2026","record":{"id":"c-pay-visa-affirm-2026","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex's newsroom lists a collaboration with Visa on payments for freight platforms announced on 23 July 2026 and, on 13 August 2026, the addition of Affirm's pay-over-time options for US shoppers of Airwallex merchants.","source_ids":["src-037","src-004"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","visa","affirm"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex's newsroom lists a collaboration with Visa on payments for freight platforms announced on 23 July 2026 and, on 13 August 2026, the addition of Affirm's pay-over-time options for US shoppers of Airwallex merchants."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-pay-tencent-wechat","record":{"id":"c-pay-tencent-wechat","kind":"fact","text":"Jack Zhang told a technology news site in 2017 that Airwallex was already working with Tencent to lower back-end costs for its WeChat Pay service overseas, and that it made sense to take strategic investment from Tencent because of the WeChat ecosystem.","source_ids":["src-030"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"Zhang's own description in a 2017 interview; no agreement is among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Jack Zhang told a technology news site in 2017 that Airwallex was already working with Tencent to lower back-end costs for its WeChat Pay service overseas, and that it made sense to take strategic investment from Tencent because of the WeChat ecosystem."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-rabois","record":{"id":"c-us-rabois","kind":"attributed","text":"In December 2025 the venture capitalist Keith Rabois, a managing director of Khosla Ventures and a board director of the competing fintech Ramp, wrote on X that Airwallex was sending its US customers' data to China, claiming that its employee base in China and partial ownership by Tencent and HongShan (formerly Sequoia China) legally required it to hand US customer data to the Chinese government on request.","source_ids":["src-024","src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"An allegation by a director of a competitor, reported by a business magazine; no authority has made such a finding in the retained records.","response":"Jack Zhang denied the allegation, said Airwallex's Chinese engineers had no access to foreign user data and accused Rabois of circulating inaccurate claims for the benefit of one of his portfolio companies. In a June 2026 blog post he called the allegations \"patently false\" and wrote that US customer data is stored in the United States and cannot be accessed by staff based in China and Hong Kong.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: In December 2025 the venture capitalist Keith Rabois, a managing director of Khosla Ventures and a board director of the competing fintech Ramp, wrote on X that Airwallex was sending its US customers' data to China, claiming that its employee base in China and partial ownership by Tencent and HongShan (formerly Sequoia China) legally required it to hand US customer data to the Chinese government on request."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-afr-exec","record":{"id":"c-us-afr-exec","kind":"attributed","text":"On 8 December 2025 an Australian financial newspaper reported that an Airwallex executive had raised concerns that the company's employees in China were requesting greater access to customer data, according to another Australian newspaper's account of that report.","source_ids":["src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"The financial newspaper's article itself is not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: On 8 December 2025 an Australian financial newspaper reported that an Airwallex executive had raised concerns that the company's employees in China were requesting greater access to customer data, according to another Australian newspaper's account of that report."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-cotton-doj","record":{"id":"c-us-cotton-doj","kind":"attributed","text":"In December 2025 Senator Tom Cotton wrote to the US Attorney General asking the Department of Justice to open a full investigation into whether Airwallex data was being accessed by the Chinese Communist Party.","source_ids":["src-087"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"The retained records do not show whether any investigation was opened.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: In December 2025 Senator Tom Cotton wrote to the US Attorney General asking the Department of Justice to open a full investigation into whether Airwallex data was being accessed by the Chinese Communist Party."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-cotton-cfius","record":{"id":"c-us-cotton-cfius","kind":"attributed","text":"On 17 June 2026 Senator Cotton wrote to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent asking the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to open a national security review of Chinese investment in Airwallex and, if it confirmed the risk, to seek divestment of the Chinese stakes or at least impose conditions ending China-based access to American data. The letter says Airwallex operates as a US money transmitter processing sensitive data for American companies, that about 40 per cent of its employees work in China, and that it moved more than 100 employees out of China.","source_ids":["src-086","src-084","src-024"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan"],"qualification":"These are the senator's assertions; the retained records contain no CFIUS decision.","response":"Lucy Liu declined to address the letter directly and referred to an earlier company statement; Zhang has called the allegations false and said Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent without a board seat. Airwallex invited third-party firms to audit its privacy and data controls and published a security assessment by Coalfire.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: On 17 June 2026 Senator Cotton wrote to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent asking the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to open a national security review of Chinese investment in Airwallex and, if it confirmed the risk, to seek divestment of the Chinese stakes or at least impose conditions ending China-based access to American data. The letter says Airwallex operates as a US money transmitter processing sensitive data for American companies, that about 40 per cent of its employees work in China, and that it moved more than 100 employees out of China."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-state-armor","record":{"id":"c-us-state-armor","kind":"attributed","text":"A US news site reported on 2 June 2026 that Michael Lucci, chief executive of the national security group State Armor, had written to congressional leaders including Senators Mike Crapo and Ron Wyden and Representatives French Hill and Maxine Waters urging a formal investigation of Airwallex's reported ownership, operational and workforce ties to China, including a review by CFIUS, and citing Tencent's investment and its inclusion in January 2025 on the Department of Defense list of Chinese military companies.","source_ids":["src-087"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent"],"qualification":"An advocacy group's letter; the article reports no congressional action.","response":"An Airwallex spokesman told a British financial newspaper that employee realignment became part of its growth plan when US Executive Order 14117 set new requirements on cross-border data flows in 2024, and that the company still has a significant presence in Shanghai and Hong Kong.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-group"]},"reading":"Attributed: A US news site reported on 2 June 2026 that Michael Lucci, chief executive of the national security group State Armor, had written to congressional leaders including Senators Mike Crapo and Ron Wyden and Representatives French Hill and Maxine Waters urging a formal investigation of Airwallex's reported ownership, operational and workforce ties to China, including a review by CFIUS, and citing Tencent's investment and its inclusion in January 2025 on the Department of Defense list of Chinese military companies."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-staff-moves","record":{"id":"c-us-staff-moves","kind":"attributed","text":"A British financial newspaper reported in May 2026, according to a business magazine, that Airwallex had started moving some China-based staff who did not work with Chinese customers out of the country, with a spokesperson saying the moves were due to data security.","source_ids":["src-084"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"The magazine's summary of a newspaper report that is not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: A British financial newspaper reported in May 2026, according to a business magazine, that Airwallex had started moving some China-based staff who did not work with Chinese customers out of the country, with a spokesperson saying the moves were due to data security."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-us-bassat","record":{"id":"c-us-bassat","kind":"attributed","text":"Square Peg co-founder Paul Bassat, a large investor in Airwallex, told a business magazine he thinks Zhang and his co-founders are treated unfairly because they are ethnically Chinese.","source_ids":["src-024"],"entity_ids":["square-peg","awx-group","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"The opinion of an investor in the company.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: Square Peg co-founder Paul Bassat, a large investor in Airwallex, told a business magazine he thinks Zhang and his co-founders are treated unfairly because they are ethnically Chinese."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-founders","record":{"id":"c-lead-founders","kind":"fact","text":"Accounts of Airwallex's founding differ in the number of founders. A technology news site in 2019 named four co-founders, Xijing Dai, Jack Zhang, Lucy Liu and Max Li, who started the company in Melbourne in 2015; a US business magazine names Jacob Dai, Lucy Liu and Max Li as Zhang's co-founders. An Australian newspaper in 2026 and a personal-finance magazine name five: Jack Zhang, Max Li, Lucy Liu, Xijing Dai and Ki-lok Wong.","source_ids":["src-032","src-024","src-074","src-076"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","lucy-liu","xijing-dai","max-li","ki-lok-wong","awx-group"],"qualification":"Jacob Dai and Xijing Dai are the same person; the Companies House record of Xijing Dai is used for the name. Ki-lok Wong's role is not described further in the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Accounts of Airwallex's founding differ in the number of founders. A technology news site in 2019 named four co-founders, Xijing Dai, Jack Zhang, Lucy Liu and Max Li, who started the company in Melbourne in 2015; a US business magazine names Jacob Dai, Lucy Liu and Max Li as Zhang's co-founders. An Australian newspaper in 2026 and a personal-finance magazine name five: Jack Zhang, Max Li, Lucy Liu, Xijing Dai and Ki-lok Wong."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-zhang","record":{"id":"c-lead-zhang","kind":"fact","text":"Jack Zhang is a co-founder and the chief executive of Airwallex. Before founding it he worked at the Australian banks ANZ and NAB; Airwallex's 2016 announcement describes him as a former ANZ and NAB foreign exchange solution designer, and a business magazine reports that he traded foreign currencies at National Australia Bank.","source_ids":["src-006","src-032","src-037"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-group","anz","nab"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Jack Zhang is a co-founder and the chief executive of Airwallex. Before founding it he worked at the Australian banks ANZ and NAB; Airwallex's 2016 announcement describes him as a former ANZ and NAB foreign exchange solution designer, and a business magazine reports that he traded foreign currencies at National Australia Bank."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-liu","record":{"id":"c-lead-liu","kind":"fact","text":"Lucy Liu is a co-founder and the president of Airwallex, listed in a business magazine's 2025 ranking of the most powerful women in Asia, with Singapore as her country. Before Airwallex she worked at Barclays in Hong Kong and as an investment consultant at the investment bank CICC in Shanghai, which she left in 2015.","source_ids":["src-040","src-041"],"entity_ids":["lucy-liu","awx-group"],"qualification":"Biographical details are from magazine profiles; personal details beyond her career are omitted.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Lucy Liu is a co-founder and the president of Airwallex, listed in a business magazine's 2025 ranking of the most powerful women in Asia, with Singapore as her country. Before Airwallex she worked at Barclays in Hong Kong and as an investment consultant at the investment bank CICC in Shanghai, which she left in 2015."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-dai","record":{"id":"c-lead-dai","kind":"fact","text":"Xijing Dai, also known as Jacob Dai, is a co-founder of Airwallex. Companies House shows him as a director of AIRWALLEX GLOBAL LIMITED since 10 September 2026, his only UK appointment, at the group's London correspondence address, 45 Mortimer Street.","source_ids":["src-050"],"entity_ids":["xijing-dai","awx-global-uk","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Xijing Dai, also known as Jacob Dai, is a co-founder of Airwallex. Companies House shows him as a director of AIRWALLEX GLOBAL LIMITED since 10 September 2026, his only UK appointment, at the group's London correspondence address, 45 Mortimer Street."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-kai-wu","record":{"id":"c-lead-kai-wu","kind":"fact","text":"Kai Wu was Airwallex's Greater China chief executive in May 2021 and was appointed chief revenue officer and Asia-Pacific general manager in December 2022, the group's first Singapore-based C-suite executive, after about five years in roles that included chief financial officer, according to a Singapore fintech news site.","source_ids":["src-048","src-097","src-091"],"entity_ids":["kai-wu","awx-group"],"qualification":"Titles and dates come from a company announcement and trade press; the employing company is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Kai Wu was Airwallex's Greater China chief executive in May 2021 and was appointed chief revenue officer and Asia-Pacific general manager in December 2022, the group's first Singapore-based C-suite executive, after about five years in roles that included chief financial officer, according to a Singapore fintech news site."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-kai-wu-uk","record":{"id":"c-lead-kai-wu-uk","kind":"fact","text":"Companies House shows Kai Wu as a director of AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED since 16 January 2024 and of AIRWALLEX TREASURY (UK) LIMITED since 5 June 2026, his only UK appointments.","source_ids":["src-055"],"entity_ids":["kai-wu","awx-uk","awx-treasury-uk"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Companies House shows Kai Wu as a director of AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED since 16 January 2024 and of AIRWALLEX TREASURY (UK) LIMITED since 5 June 2026, his only UK appointments."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-arnold-chan","record":{"id":"c-lead-arnold-chan","kind":"fact","text":"Arnold Chan is Airwallex's Asia-Pacific general manager. A human-resources trade publication reported that he joined about five years earlier to lead the SME business in Hong Kong and now oversees more than 200 commercial staff across the region.","source_ids":["src-006","src-038"],"entity_ids":["arnold-chan","awx-group"],"qualification":"Based on an interview profile; the employing company is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Arnold Chan is Airwallex's Asia-Pacific general manager. A human-resources trade publication reported that he joined about five years earlier to lead the SME business in Hong Kong and now oversees more than 200 commercial staff across the region."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-renzin","record":{"id":"c-lead-renzin","kind":"fact","text":"In April 2026 Airwallex appointed Carolyn Renzin, based in New York, as Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer to lead the group's global regulatory and compliance program. A fintech trade publication reported that Jeanette Chan's title as chief legal, compliance and risk officer was changed to chief legal officer, and that the group planned to increase compliance spending by 70 per cent and its governance team by 50 per cent in 2026.","source_ids":["src-027","src-095"],"entity_ids":["carolyn-renzin","jeanette-chan","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In April 2026 Airwallex appointed Carolyn Renzin, based in New York, as Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer to lead the group's global regulatory and compliance program. A fintech trade publication reported that Jeanette Chan's title as chief legal, compliance and risk officer was changed to chief legal officer, and that the group planned to increase compliance spending by 70 per cent and its governance team by 50 per cent in 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-jeanette-chan","record":{"id":"c-lead-jeanette-chan","kind":"fact","text":"According to a September 2022 press release of Tencent Music Entertainment Group, filed with the SEC, Jeanette Kim Yum Chan was then Chief Legal, Compliance and Risk Officer at Airwallex, which she joined in 2019 after serving from 1986 to 2019 as managing partner of the China practice of the law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, and was appointed an independent director of Tencent Music Entertainment Group (NYSE: TME).","source_ids":["src-063"],"entity_ids":["jeanette-chan","tme","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to a September 2022 press release of Tencent Music Entertainment Group, filed with the SEC, Jeanette Kim Yum Chan was then Chief Legal, Compliance and Risk Officer at Airwallex, which she joined in 2019 after serving from 1986 to 2019 as managing partner of the China practice of the law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, and was appointed an independent director of Tencent Music Entertainment Group (NYSE: TME)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-teodorini","record":{"id":"c-lead-teodorini","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex appointed James Teodorini head of its Australian and New Zealand operations in January 2026, replacing Luke Latham, who had left as ANZ general manager at the end of 2024. Teodorini joined from the money-transfer group Thunes, where he led Asia-Pacific, and had previously worked with Currencycloud and Visa Direct while based in Singapore.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["james-teodorini","awx-group"],"qualification":"From a business news report; the employing company is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex appointed James Teodorini head of its Australian and New Zealand operations in January 2026, replacing Luke Latham, who had left as ANZ general manager at the end of 2024. Teodorini joined from the money-transfer group Thunes, where he led Asia-Pacific, and had previously worked with Currencycloud and Visa Direct while based in Singapore."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-teodorini-au","record":{"id":"c-lead-teodorini-au","kind":"fact","text":"James Teodorini signed Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement as \"Director, Airwallex Pty Ltd\" on 18 June 2026.","source_ids":["src-002"],"entity_ids":["james-teodorini","awx-au"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: James Teodorini signed Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement as \"Director, Airwallex Pty Ltd\" on 18 June 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-nz-board","record":{"id":"c-lead-nz-board","kind":"fact","text":"The New Zealand companies register, as reproduced by a commercial site, lists three directors of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited: James Alan Charles Teodorini (appointed 5 March 2026), Lowry Andersen Gladwell (19 March 2026) and Simon William English (20 March 2026). Searches of the same site find no other New Zealand directorships or shareholdings for Teodorini or Gladwell.","source_ids":["src-008","src-013","src-062"],"entity_ids":["awx-nz","james-teodorini","lowry-gladwell","bill-english"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The New Zealand companies register, as reproduced by a commercial site, lists three directors of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited: James Alan Charles Teodorini (appointed 5 March 2026), Lowry Andersen Gladwell (19 March 2026) and Simon William English (20 March 2026). Searches of the same site find no other New Zealand directorships or shareholdings for Teodorini or Gladwell."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-gladwell","record":{"id":"c-lead-gladwell","kind":"fact","text":"A New Zealand newspaper reported on 20 March 2025 that Airwallex had hired the Auckland-based Lowry Gladwell as its New Zealand lead and first local staff member; he had previously been head of strategic partnerships at Xero and head of Asia-Pacific partnerships at Lightspeed.","source_ids":["src-088"],"entity_ids":["lowry-gladwell","awx-group"],"qualification":"From a newspaper report, which does not name the employing company.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A New Zealand newspaper reported on 20 March 2025 that Airwallex had hired the Auckland-based Lowry Gladwell as its New Zealand lead and first local staff member; he had previously been head of strategic partnerships at Xero and head of Asia-Pacific partnerships at Lightspeed."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-au-board","record":{"id":"c-lead-au-board","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex announced in April 2026 that Elana Rubin AM had been appointed independent chair of its Australian board and that Sir Bill English, appointed chair of Airwallex's New Zealand board on 26 March, had joined the Australian board as an independent non-executive director, both with immediate effect.","source_ids":["src-004","src-039"],"entity_ids":["elana-rubin","bill-english","awx-group"],"qualification":"The announcement does not name the legal entity whose board this is. A Wesfarmers notice of September 2026 lists English as a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd and chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited, both since March 2026, and does not list Airwallex Pty Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex announced in April 2026 that Elana Rubin AM had been appointed independent chair of its Australian board and that Sir Bill English, appointed chair of Airwallex's New Zealand board on 26 March, had joined the Australian board as an independent non-executive director, both with immediate effect."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-board-oversight","record":{"id":"c-lead-board-oversight","kind":"fact","text":"An Australian financial newspaper described the new board as one that will oversee Airwallex Australia's governance and report to the parent company led by co-founder Jack Zhang. Zhang said the appointments would bring deep governance and business expertise.","source_ids":["src-039","src-004"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","elana-rubin","bill-english","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"The newspaper's description of the reporting line; the board's legal entity is not named.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: An Australian financial newspaper described the new board as one that will oversee Airwallex Australia's governance and report to the parent company led by co-founder Jack Zhang. Zhang said the appointments would bring deep governance and business expertise."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-english-holdings","record":{"id":"c-lead-english-holdings","kind":"fact","text":"Wesfarmers' notice of its 2026 annual general meeting lists among Simon William (Bill) English's current directorships Chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited and Director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd, each since March 2026; English has been a non-executive director of Wesfarmers since April 2018.","source_ids":["src-028"],"entity_ids":["bill-english","awx-holdings-au","awx-nz"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Wesfarmers' notice of its 2026 annual general meeting lists among Simon William (Bill) English's current directorships Chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited and Director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd, each since March 2026; English has been a non-executive director of Wesfarmers since April 2018."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-rubin","record":{"id":"c-lead-rubin","kind":"fact","text":"Elana Rubin is a non-executive member of the Reserve Bank of Australia's Governance Board and served on the Reserve Bank Board from 31 August 2023 to 28 February 2025. The RBA lists her previous roles as chair of Afterpay, AustralianSuper and WorkSafe Victoria and director of Mirvac and ME Bank; Airwallex's announcement adds that she is a non-executive director of Dexus and chair of the Australian Business Growth Fund and Infoxchange.","source_ids":["src-007","src-004"],"entity_ids":["elana-rubin","rba"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Elana Rubin is a non-executive member of the Reserve Bank of Australia's Governance Board and served on the Reserve Bank Board from 31 August 2023 to 28 February 2025. The RBA lists her previous roles as chair of Afterpay, AustralianSuper and WorkSafe Victoria and director of Mirvac and ME Bank; Airwallex's announcement adds that she is a non-executive director of Dexus and chair of the Australian Business Growth Fund and Infoxchange."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-english","record":{"id":"c-lead-english","kind":"fact","text":"Sir Bill English (Simon William English) was Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2008 to 2016 and the 39th Prime Minister until October 2017, and left parliament in March 2018. Besides Wesfarmers, he chairs Mount Cook Alpine Salmon and Precision Technology Group and is a director of the Paul Ramsay Foundation, the Centre for Independent Studies, The Todd Corporation and other organisations.","source_ids":["src-010","src-004","src-021","src-028"],"entity_ids":["bill-english"],"qualification":"His other New Zealand company interests, including family companies, are listed in public registers and are not part of this dossier.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Sir Bill English (Simon William English) was Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2008 to 2016 and the 39th Prime Minister until October 2017, and left parliament in March 2018. Besides Wesfarmers, he chairs Mount Cook Alpine Salmon and Precision Technology Group and is a director of the Paul Ramsay Foundation, the Centre for Independent Studies, The Todd Corporation and other organisations."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-osborne","record":{"id":"c-lead-osborne","kind":"fact","text":"A board biography of Ian Osborne, co-founder of Hedosophia, published by a listed company of which he is a non-executive director, lists Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among his current directorships. Osborne set up the consultancy Osborne and Partners in 2009, taking on DST Global as a client, and co-founded Hedosophia, of which he is chief executive.","source_ids":["src-019","src-108"],"entity_ids":["ian-osborne","awx-cayman","hedosophia","dst"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A board biography of Ian Osborne, co-founder of Hedosophia, published by a listed company of which he is a non-executive director, lists Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among his current directorships. Osborne set up the consultancy Osborne and Partners in 2009, taking on DST Global as a client, and co-founded Hedosophia, of which he is chief executive."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-lead-osborne-epstein","record":{"id":"c-lead-osborne-epstein","kind":"attributed","text":"A British newspaper reported on 3 February 2026, drawing on emails released by the US Department of Justice, that from 2011 Ian Osborne exchanged hundreds of emails with Jeffrey Epstein, proposed a strategy to rebuild Epstein's reputation, offered introductions to technology investors and British politicians, arranged visits to his island and sought financing from him, including a personal loan and funding for a US$60 million offshore investment vehicle; the emails also show preliminary discussions about creating Hedosophia.","source_ids":["src-102","src-019"],"entity_ids":["ian-osborne","hedosophia","dst","awx-cayman"],"qualification":"The report alleges no crime by Osborne and concerns events before and outside his role at Airwallex.","response":"Osborne said he was not aware of any crimes, never witnessed Epstein's illegal behaviour and wholeheartedly regrets the association; his spokesman said he visited the island only once, in April 2012, for less than 24 hours, that no financial arrangement took place and that Epstein made no investment in Hedosophia or his other vehicles. DST Global said the advisory relationship with Osborne's company ended in February 2013.","outcome":"When retrieved in October 2026, the same board biography still listed Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among Osborne's current directorships; no change in that role is recorded."},"reading":"Attributed: A British newspaper reported on 3 February 2026, drawing on emails released by the US Department of Justice, that from 2011 Ian Osborne exchanged hundreds of emails with Jeffrey Epstein, proposed a strategy to rebuild Epstein's reputation, offered introductions to technology investors and British politicians, arranged visits to his island and sought financing from him, including a personal loan and funding for a US$60 million offshore investment vehicle; the emails also show preliminary discussions about creating Hedosophia."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-psc-uk","record":{"id":"c-uk-psc-uk","kind":"fact","text":"Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the only person with significant control of AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED (company number 10103420), notified on 6 April 2016, with the nature of control given as \"has significant influence or control\"; the register shows no corporate owner as a relevant legal entity and no active statements.","source_ids":["src-015"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-uk"],"qualification":"Significant influence or control is a distinct category from holding shares; the register does not show who holds the company's shares.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the only person with significant control of AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED (company number 10103420), notified on 6 April 2016, with the nature of control given as \"has significant influence or control\"; the register shows no corporate owner as a relevant legal entity and no active statements."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-zhang-director","record":{"id":"c-uk-zhang-director","kind":"fact","text":"Jack Zhang was a director of AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED from 5 April 2016 until 19 January 2026; that was the only appointment under that officer record. The company's current directors are Paul Gerard Christensen (from 1 October 2026), Pranav Kumar Sood (from 25 August 2026) and Kai Wu (from 16 January 2024).","source_ids":["src-016","src-017"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-uk","pranav-sood","kai-wu"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Jack Zhang was a director of AIRWALLEX (UK) LIMITED from 5 April 2016 until 19 January 2026; that was the only appointment under that officer record. The company's current directors are Paul Gerard Christensen (from 1 October 2026), Pranav Kumar Sood (from 25 August 2026) and Kai Wu (from 16 January 2024)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-treasury","record":{"id":"c-uk-treasury","kind":"fact","text":"Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the only person with significant control of AIRWALLEX TREASURY (UK) LIMITED (company number 17262855), notified on 5 June 2026, with significant influence or control; Kai Wu and Yueting (Lucy) Liu have been its directors since 5 June 2026.","source_ids":["src-029","src-055","src-057"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-treasury-uk","kai-wu","lucy-liu"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the only person with significant control of AIRWALLEX TREASURY (UK) LIMITED (company number 17262855), notified on 5 June 2026, with significant influence or control; Kai Wu and Yueting (Lucy) Liu have been its directors since 5 June 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-global-incorporation","record":{"id":"c-uk-global-incorporation","kind":"fact","text":"AIRWALLEX GROUP (UK) LIMITED, company number 17419456, was incorporated in England and Wales on 25 August 2026 as a private company limited by shares with its registered office at 45 Mortimer Street, London, and SIC code 64205 (activities of financial services holding companies). Its first directors were Jack Zhang and Yueting Liu. Its sole subscriber was Jack Zhang, holding its one ordinary share of £1, and the application was filed through Osborne Clarke LLP.","source_ids":["src-059"],"entity_ids":["awx-global-uk","jack-zhang","lucy-liu"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: AIRWALLEX GROUP (UK) LIMITED, company number 17419456, was incorporated in England and Wales on 25 August 2026 as a private company limited by shares with its registered office at 45 Mortimer Street, London, and SIC code 64205 (activities of financial services holding companies). Its first directors were Jack Zhang and Yueting Liu. Its sole subscriber was Jack Zhang, holding its one ordinary share of £1, and the application was filed through Osborne Clarke LLP."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-global-psc","record":{"id":"c-uk-global-psc","kind":"fact","text":"Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the person with significant control of the company, notified on 25 August 2026, holding 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights and the right to appoint or remove directors.","source_ids":["src-051"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-global-uk"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the person with significant control of the company, notified on 25 August 2026, holding 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights and the right to appoint or remove directors."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-global-changes","record":{"id":"c-uk-global-changes","kind":"fact","text":"The company's filing history records Xijing Dai's appointment as a director on 10 September 2026, the end of Yueting Liu's directorship on 3 October 2026, a change of name from AIRWALLEX GROUP (UK) LIMITED to AIRWALLEX GLOBAL LIMITED by resolution of 3 October 2026 (certificate issued on 5 October 2026), and new articles of association filed on 15 October 2026.","source_ids":["src-058","src-056"],"entity_ids":["awx-global-uk","xijing-dai","lucy-liu"],"qualification":"The filings do not explain the purpose of the company or show any shareholding by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited or Airwallex Pty Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The company's filing history records Xijing Dai's appointment as a director on 10 September 2026, the end of Yueting Liu's directorship on 3 October 2026, a change of name from AIRWALLEX GROUP (UK) LIMITED to AIRWALLEX GLOBAL LIMITED by resolution of 3 October 2026 (certificate issued on 5 October 2026), and new articles of association filed on 15 October 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-us-holding","record":{"id":"c-uk-us-holding","kind":"fact","text":"Companies House lists AIRWALLEX GROUP (UK) LIMITED (17419456) as the relevant legal entity with significant control of AWX US INVESTMENT HOLDING (UK) LIMITED (company number 17460169), notified on 15 September 2026, owning 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights with the right to appoint or remove directors. Its three directors, all appointed on 15 September 2026, are Yueting Liu, Pranav Kumar Sood and Jack Zhang.","source_ids":["src-060","src-061"],"entity_ids":["awx-global-uk","awx-us-inv-uk","lucy-liu","pranav-sood","jack-zhang"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Companies House lists AIRWALLEX GROUP (UK) LIMITED (17419456) as the relevant legal entity with significant control of AWX US INVESTMENT HOLDING (UK) LIMITED (company number 17460169), notified on 15 September 2026, owning 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights with the right to appoint or remove directors. Its three directors, all appointed on 15 September 2026, are Yueting Liu, Pranav Kumar Sood and Jack Zhang."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-uk-liu-appointments","record":{"id":"c-uk-liu-appointments","kind":"fact","text":"The Companies House officer record of Yueting Liu lists three appointments, all at 45 Mortimer Street, London: director of AWX US INVESTMENT HOLDING (UK) LIMITED from 15 September 2026, of AIRWALLEX TREASURY (UK) LIMITED from 5 June 2026, and of AIRWALLEX GLOBAL LIMITED from 25 August to 3 October 2026.","source_ids":["src-057"],"entity_ids":["lucy-liu","awx-us-inv-uk","awx-treasury-uk","awx-global-uk"],"qualification":"The register does not use the name Lucy; the identity with the co-founder Lucy (Yueting) Liu rests on the Brazilian central bank notice that names her Lucy Yueting Liu and on the matching group roles and address.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Companies House officer record of Yueting Liu lists three appointments, all at 45 Mortimer Street, London: director of AWX US INVESTMENT HOLDING (UK) LIMITED from 15 September 2026, of AIRWALLEX TREASURY (UK) LIMITED from 5 June 2026, and of AIRWALLEX GLOBAL LIMITED from 25 August to 3 October 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-bcb-control","record":{"id":"c-br-bcb-control","kind":"fact","text":"In Comunicado No. 42.107 of 9 September 2024 (case PE 260558) the Banco Central do Brasil published, for objections within fifteen days, that AWX Holding Brasil Ltda. (CNPJ 50.942.433/0001-34) as direct controller and Lucy Yueting Liu as final controller (controladora final) intended to take part in the control of the payment institution AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda. (CNPJ 52.076.716/0001-76, São Paulo).","source_ids":["src-064"],"entity_ids":["awx-br-ip","awx-br-holding","lucy-liu"],"qualification":"The notice announces an intended controlling interest submitted for authorisation; personal identification details it contains are omitted.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In Comunicado No. 42.107 of 9 September 2024 (case PE 260558) the Banco Central do Brasil published, for objections within fifteen days, that AWX Holding Brasil Ltda. (CNPJ 50.942.433/0001-34) as direct controller and Lucy Yueting Liu as final controller (controladora final) intended to take part in the control of the payment institution AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda. (CNPJ 52.076.716/0001-76, São Paulo)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-holding","record":{"id":"c-br-holding","kind":"fact","text":"Brazilian federal tax registry data, as reproduced by a commercial aggregator, show AWX HOLDING BRASIL LTDA as an active limited company since 5 June 2023 with share capital of R$36,184,000.00 and holding-company activity (CNAE 6461-1/00) at Avenida Brig Luis Antonio 300 in São Paulo. Its sole partner since 19 July 2023 is YTL AWX LIMITED, a company domiciled abroad, and Cesar Madeira Padovesi has been its administrator since 5 June 2023 and represents the foreign partner.","source_ids":["src-065"],"entity_ids":["awx-br-holding","ytl-awx","cesar-padovesi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Brazilian federal tax registry data, as reproduced by a commercial aggregator, show AWX HOLDING BRASIL LTDA as an active limited company since 5 June 2023 with share capital of R$36,184,000.00 and holding-company activity (CNAE 6461-1/00) at Avenida Brig Luis Antonio 300 in São Paulo. Its sole partner since 19 July 2023 is YTL AWX LIMITED, a company domiciled abroad, and Cesar Madeira Padovesi has been its administrator since 5 June 2023 and represents the foreign partner."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-ytl","record":{"id":"c-br-ytl","kind":"fact","text":"The same registry data record YTL AWX LIMITED as a foreign-domiciled company with Brazilian CNPJ 51.018.106/0001-53, registered on 12 June 2023, with an address at Kingston Chambers, PO Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands and a holding-company activity code.","source_ids":["src-073"],"entity_ids":["ytl-awx"],"qualification":"The registry data do not name the company's owners. The link between YTL AWX LIMITED and Lucy Yueting Liu is that the central bank names her as final controller of the payment institution held through AWX Holding Brasil; no British Virgin Islands record is among the retained documents.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same registry data record YTL AWX LIMITED as a foreign-domiciled company with Brazilian CNPJ 51.018.106/0001-53, registered on 12 June 2023, with an address at Kingston Chambers, PO Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands and a holding-company activity code."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-airwallex-brasil","record":{"id":"c-br-airwallex-brasil","kind":"fact","text":"A second Brazilian company, AIRWALLEX (BRASIL) LTDA (CNPJ 49.629.692/0001-20), has been active since 16 February 2023 with share capital of R$1,118,739.00, activity code 6619-3/99 (other auxiliary financial services) and the same São Paulo address, telephone number and e-mail address as AWX Holding Brasil. Its sole partner since 27 March 2025 is AWX INVESTMENT (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD., represented by Cesar Madeira Padovesi, who has also been its administrator since 16 February 2023.","source_ids":["src-093","src-077","src-065"],"entity_ids":["awx-br","awx-inv-sg","cesar-padovesi","awx-br-holding"],"qualification":"Registry data reproduced by a commercial aggregator; the partner before 27 March 2025 is not shown.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A second Brazilian company, AIRWALLEX (BRASIL) LTDA (CNPJ 49.629.692/0001-20), has been active since 16 February 2023 with share capital of R$1,118,739.00, activity code 6619-3/99 (other auxiliary financial services) and the same São Paulo address, telephone number and e-mail address as AWX Holding Brasil. Its sole partner since 27 March 2025 is AWX INVESTMENT (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD., represented by Cesar Madeira Padovesi, who has also been its administrator since 16 February 2023."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-inv-sg","record":{"id":"c-br-inv-sg","kind":"fact","text":"Singapore registry data reproduced by a commercial site show AWX INVESTMENT (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD. (UEN 202312458Z) as a live private company incorporated on 31 March 2023, a holding company with its registered office at 36 Robinson Road, City House, Singapore.","source_ids":["src-099"],"entity_ids":["awx-inv-sg"],"qualification":"The page does not show the company's directors or shareholders.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Singapore registry data reproduced by a commercial site show AWX INVESTMENT (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD. (UEN 202312458Z) as a live private company incorporated on 31 March 2023, a holding company with its registered office at 36 Robinson Road, City House, Singapore."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-padovesi","record":{"id":"c-br-padovesi","kind":"fact","text":"The same Brazilian registry data list Cesar Madeira Padovesi in 154 companies, mostly as administrator of Brazilian subsidiaries of foreign groups.","source_ids":["src-077"],"entity_ids":["cesar-padovesi","awx-br-holding","awx-br"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same Brazilian registry data list Cesar Madeira Padovesi in 154 companies, mostly as administrator of Brazilian subsidiaries of foreign groups."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-br-directors","record":{"id":"c-br-directors","kind":"fact","text":"By Comunicado No. 42.691 of 13 January 2025 the Banco Central do Brasil announced its decision of 8 January 2025 approving Fernando de Vasconcellos Portugal Torres, Maurício Rossini César and Paulo Roberto Ribeiro as members of the board of executive officers (diretoria) of AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., following an amendment of its articles of 26 August 2024.","source_ids":["src-078"],"entity_ids":["awx-br-ip","fernando-torres","mauricio-cesar","paulo-ribeiro"],"qualification":"Personal tax numbers published in the notice are omitted.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: By Comunicado No. 42.691 of 13 January 2025 the Banco Central do Brasil announced its decision of 8 January 2025 approving Fernando de Vasconcellos Portugal Torres, Maurício Rossini César and Paulo Roberto Ribeiro as members of the board of executive officers (diretoria) of AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., following an amendment of its articles of 26 August 2024."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-court-stop-notice","record":{"id":"c-court-stop-notice","kind":"attributed","text":"A subscription service that reports offshore court filings lists a stop notice filed on 12 December 2018 in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands by Huashan Capital One Inc. regarding shares in Airwallex (Cayman) Limited owned by Hohen Investment Limited, with Airwallex (Cayman) Limited as respondent, Harneys as the applicant's attorneys and a 226-page filing.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["huashan","awx-cayman","hohen"],"qualification":"Only the listing is retained; the filing itself is behind a paywall. The listing describes a filing by Huashan Capital One, not a court decision, and its grounds and any outcome are unknown.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["awx-cayman"]},"reading":"Attributed: A subscription service that reports offshore court filings lists a stop notice filed on 12 December 2018 in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands by Huashan Capital One Inc. regarding shares in Airwallex (Cayman) Limited owned by Hohen Investment Limited, with Airwallex (Cayman) Limited as respondent, Harneys as the applicant's attorneys and a 226-page filing."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-court-huashan-profile","record":{"id":"c-court-huashan-profile","kind":"fact","text":"A venture database describes Huashan Capital One as a Shanghai-based angel investment group whose latest recorded investment was the US$3 million Airwallex round of 5 July 2016.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["huashan","awx-group"],"qualification":"A commercial database profile; Huashan's registration details are not given.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A venture database describes Huashan Capital One as a Shanghai-based angel investment group whose latest recorded investment was the US$3 million Airwallex round of 5 July 2016."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-court-austlii","record":{"id":"c-court-austlii","kind":"fact","text":"A search of a public Australian legal information database for \"Airwallex\" returned nine documents: three Senate select committee reports on financial technology (2020 and 2021), two law journal articles, and four decisions, [2024] VCC 1323, Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) [2025] VSC 755, [2026] ARTA 498 and [2026] FWC 2120. Airwallex is not named as a party in any of them.","source_ids":["src-067"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"A search of one legal database; it does not establish that no other proceedings exist, for example outside Australia or unreported.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A search of a public Australian legal information database for \"Airwallex\" returned nine documents: three Senate select committee reports on financial technology (2020 and 2021), two law journal articles, and four decisions, [2024] VCC 1323, Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) [2025] VSC 755, [2026] ARTA 498 and [2026] FWC 2120. Airwallex is not named as a party in any of them."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-court-vcc","record":{"id":"c-court-vcc","kind":"fact","text":"In [2024] VCC 1323 the County Court of Victoria, sentencing on 23 August 2024 a man who had pleaded guilty to dealing with money he believed to be proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more and to drug offences, recorded that on 24 November 2021 he transferred 211,698.30 yuan (about $45,860) from the Airwallex account of his trading company to a Chinese bank account and $4,000 from the same account to his wife's account; these transactions formed part of the money-dealing charge.","source_ids":["src-079","src-107"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Airwallex was not a party; the decision does not discuss Airwallex's conduct or name the Airwallex company that held the account.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In [2024] VCC 1323 the County Court of Victoria, sentencing on 23 August 2024 a man who had pleaded guilty to dealing with money he believed to be proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more and to drug offences, recorded that on 24 November 2021 he transferred 211,698.30 yuan (about $45,860) from the Airwallex account of his trading company to a Chinese bank account and $4,000 from the same account to his wife's account; these transactions formed part of the money-dealing charge."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-court-eratos","record":{"id":"c-court-eratos","kind":"fact","text":"In Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) [2025] VSC 755 (Supreme Court of Victoria, 5 December 2025) the court noted that the director's report on the affairs of Eratos (Aust) Pty Ltd disclosed two bank accounts, with Bank Australia and Airwallex, holding $53,863 in total.","source_ids":["src-090"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Airwallex appears only as an account provider; no claim against it was before the court.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) [2025] VSC 755 (Supreme Court of Victoria, 5 December 2025) the court noted that the director's report on the affairs of Eratos (Aust) Pty Ltd disclosed two bank accounts, with Bank Australia and Airwallex, holding $53,863 in total."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-court-arta","record":{"id":"c-court-arta","kind":"fact","text":"In [2026] ARTA 498 (13 March 2026) the Administrative Review Tribunal relied on Airwallex account statements showing deposits of $21,107.33 as evidence of a taxpayer's income.","source_ids":["src-101"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Airwallex was not a party and the tribunal made no finding about it.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In [2026] ARTA 498 (13 March 2026) the Administrative Review Tribunal relied on Airwallex account statements showing deposits of $21,107.33 as evidence of a taxpayer's income."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-au-2022","record":{"id":"c-res-au-2022","kind":"fact","text":"An Australian financial newspaper reported in July 2023 that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC showed revenue of A$59.3 million and profit of A$17.5 million, of which A$41 million came from charging clients for technology development and support services, A$8 million from payment and currency conversion fees, A$7 million from issuing services and A$2 million uncategorised, and that the company held A$502 million for its clients at 31 December 2022.","source_ids":["src-105"],"entity_ids":["awx-au"],"qualification":"Figures as reported by the newspaper from the ASIC filing, which is not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: An Australian financial newspaper reported in July 2023 that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC showed revenue of A$59.3 million and profit of A$17.5 million, of which A$41 million came from charging clients for technology development and support services, A$8 million from payment and currency conversion fees, A$7 million from issuing services and A$2 million uncategorised, and that the company held A$502 million for its clients at 31 December 2022."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-au-2024-2025","record":{"id":"c-res-au-2024-2025","kind":"fact","text":"According to a national newspaper report republished by a business news site in May 2026, accounts filed on 30 April 2026 show that revenue from Airwallex's Australian operations rose 30 per cent in 2025 to A$105.6 million while the loss widened to A$17.2 million from A$12.8 million in 2024. Employee benefits rose 22.5 per cent to A$69.9 million, advertising more than 61 per cent to A$14.9 million and transaction processing costs to A$47.5 million from A$32.8 million; total equity fell from A$93 million to A$67 million, accumulated losses reached A$70.4 million and cash was A$721.8 million.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","james-teodorini"],"qualification":"The article does not name the reporting entity or say whether the cash figure includes client money; the filing is not among the retained records.","response":"James Teodorini, Airwallex's ANZ general manager, said 2025 was a year of meaningful progress and continued investment in Australia, with strong revenue growth and deliberate investment in talent and capability.","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to a national newspaper report republished by a business news site in May 2026, accounts filed on 30 April 2026 show that revenue from Airwallex's Australian operations rose 30 per cent in 2025 to A$105.6 million while the loss widened to A$17.2 million from A$12.8 million in 2024. Employee benefits rose 22.5 per cent to A$69.9 million, advertising more than 61 per cent to A$14.9 million and transaction processing costs to A$47.5 million from A$32.8 million; total equity fell from A$93 million to A$67 million, accumulated losses reached A$70.4 million and cash was A$721.8 million."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-au-activity","record":{"id":"c-res-au-activity","kind":"fact","text":"Announcing its Australian board appointments, Airwallex said it served more than 40,000 Australian businesses, including Qantas, Canva, CultureAmp and Afterpay, and facilitated more than A$39 billion of payments for Australian customers a year.","source_ids":["src-004"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Company figures.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Announcing its Australian board appointments, Airwallex said it served more than 40,000 Australian businesses, including Qantas, Canva, CultureAmp and Afterpay, and facilitated more than A$39 billion of payments for Australian customers a year."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-anz-2023","record":{"id":"c-res-anz-2023","kind":"fact","text":"In mid-2024 Airwallex said its revenue across the Australian and New Zealand business had risen 93 per cent in the previous year, with global revenue up 84 per cent and transaction volumes up 68 per cent.","source_ids":["src-091"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Company growth rates without amounts, as reported by a trade publication.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In mid-2024 Airwallex said its revenue across the Australian and New Zealand business had risen 93 per cent in the previous year, with global revenue up 84 per cent and transaction volumes up 68 per cent."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-group","record":{"id":"c-res-group","kind":"fact","text":"The group's reported scale has grown from annualised revenue above US$100 million in late 2021, with revenue up 184 per cent year on year by October 2022, to US$720 million in March 2025, when annualised payments volume exceeded US$130 billion, and above US$1 billion in October 2025, with annualised transaction volume above US$235 billion, according to the company. A business magazine reported that by March 2026 the group processed more than US$250 billion a year at a revenue run-rate of US$1.3 billion and was not yet profitable.","source_ids":["src-036","src-035","src-026","src-024","src-027"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Company and press figures for the group as a whole, not audited accounts.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The group's reported scale has grown from annualised revenue above US$100 million in late 2021, with revenue up 184 per cent year on year by October 2022, to US$720 million in March 2025, when annualised payments volume exceeded US$130 billion, and above US$1 billion in October 2025, with annualised transaction volume above US$235 billion, according to the company. A business magazine reported that by March 2026 the group processed more than US$250 billion a year at a revenue run-rate of US$1.3 billion and was not yet profitable."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-q4-2025","record":{"id":"c-res-q4-2025","kind":"fact","text":"An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026, citing unreported quarterly results relayed by a person familiar with the business, that Airwallex processed US$61 billion of payments in the fourth quarter of 2025, that annualised revenue rose 79 per cent to about US$1.1 billion and that the quarter's gross profit was almost US$150 million, with a small loss after most costs.","source_ids":["src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"qualification":"Airwallex did not comment on these figures.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026, citing unreported quarterly results relayed by a person familiar with the business, that Airwallex processed US$61 billion of payments in the fourth quarter of 2025, that annualised revenue rose 79 per cent to about US$1.1 billion and that the quarter's gross profit was almost US$150 million, with a small loss after most costs."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-res-ebitda-2026","record":{"id":"c-res-ebitda-2026","kind":"fact","text":"In August 2026 Lucy Liu told a business magazine the company was EBITDA positive with a healthy gross margin, declining to give specific profitability figures.","source_ids":["src-084"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","lucy-liu"],"qualification":"An executive's statement; no financial statements of the group are among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In August 2026 Lucy Liu told a business magazine the company was EBITDA positive with a healthy gross margin, declining to give specific profitability figures."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ven-leapfin","record":{"id":"c-ven-leapfin","kind":"fact","text":"Airwallex announced the acquisition of Leapfin, a financial data automation platform specialising in revenue recognition and reconciliation, in a press release of 4 June 2026.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["leapfin","awx-group"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Airwallex announced the acquisition of Leapfin, a financial data automation platform specialising in revenue recognition and reconciliation, in a press release of 4 June 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ven-metal","record":{"id":"c-ven-metal","kind":"fact","text":"A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that Airwallex is incubating Metal, a cryptocurrency start-up led by Loong Wang and Catherine Porter that aims to be a blockchain for tokenised financial products and to help Airwallex process stablecoin payments.","source_ids":["src-024"],"entity_ids":["metal","awx-group"],"qualification":"A magazine account; the corporate relationship between Airwallex and Metal is not described.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that Airwallex is incubating Metal, a cryptocurrency start-up led by Loong Wang and Catherine Porter that aims to be a blockchain for tokenised financial products and to help Airwallex process stablecoin payments."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3dbb00fb237ef3fdf297efc9","record":{"id":"display-claim-3dbb00fb237ef3fdf297efc9","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex Pty Ltd, founded in Melbourne in 2015, is described in a 2025 fund disclosure as wholly owned by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited; according to a 2023 newspaper report it moved its New Zealand and Indian businesses to the Cayman Islands on 1 January 2023, and in 2026 Jack Zhang was the sole subscriber of a new financial services holding company in London. The dossier sets the group's funding rounds and licensed companies against the records that confirm them, and keeps AUSTRAC's January 2026 audit notice, the 2021 reports on NAB and Citi and the US allegations about China ties beside the company's responses and the absence of any recorded outcome.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009","src-002","src-106","src-003","src-018","src-030","src-049","src-024","src-072","src-027","src-084","src-086","src-092","src-014","src-012","src-075","src-074","src-046","src-071","src-006","src-032","src-037","src-004","src-039"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-cayman","awx-group","awx-capital-au","k2","robinhood-ventures","addition","baillie-gifford","qed","t-rowe","hedosophia","haun","amex-ventures","jack-zhang","tencent","hongshan","austrac","nab","citigroup","anz","james-teodorini","elana-rubin","bill-english"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-registration","c-id-location","c-id-modern-slavery","c-id-afsl","c-id-capital","c-str-cayman-company","c-str-headquarters","c-fund-series-h","c-fund-zhang-stake","c-fund-tencent-stake","c-aus-notice","c-aus-release","c-bank-nab-citi","c-us-rabois","c-us-cotton-cfius","c-lead-zhang","c-lead-teodorini-au","c-lead-au-board"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex Pty Ltd, founded in Melbourne in 2015, is described in a 2025 fund disclosure as wholly owned by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited; according to a 2023 newspaper report it moved its New Zealand and Indian businesses to the Cayman Islands on 1 January 2023, and in 2026 Jack Zhang was the sole subscriber of a new financial services holding company in London. The dossier sets the group's funding rounds and licensed companies against the records that confirm them, and keeps AUSTRAC's January 2026 audit notice, the 2021 reports on NAB and Citi and the US allegations about China ties beside the company's responses and the absence of any recorded outcome."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-9a9f7522129c58ed2c6b883c","record":{"id":"display-claim-9a9f7522129c58ed2c6b883c","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex Pty Ltd is an Australian private company with ACN 609 653 312 and ABN 37 609 653 312; the Australian Business Register records its name as unchanged since 3 December 2015 and its main business location as Victorian postcode 3000 since 22 March 2019. AUSTRAC addressed its January 2026 notice to the company at Level 7, 15 William Street, Melbourne. Its modern slavery statement for 2025 says it was founded in late 2015 as a proprietary company in Melbourne and operates as part of the \"Airwallex Group\", which it defines as Airwallex (Cayman) Limited and its affiliates: a financial technology group headquartered in Singapore with more than 2,400 employees. The company has held Australian financial services licence 487221 since 5 September 2016, covering general advice on, dealing in and issuing non-cash payment products and foreign exchange contracts, and making a market in foreign exchange contracts.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009","src-002","src-106"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-cayman","awx-group","awx-capital-au"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-registration","c-id-location","c-id-modern-slavery","c-id-afsl"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex Pty Ltd is an Australian private company with ACN 609 653 312 and ABN 37 609 653 312; the Australian Business Register records its name as unchanged since 3 December 2015 and its main business location as Victorian postcode 3000 since 22 March 2019. AUSTRAC addressed its January 2026 notice to the company at Level 7, 15 William Street, Melbourne. Its modern slavery statement for 2025 says it was founded in late 2015 as a proprietary company in Melbourne and operates as part of the \"Airwallex Group\", which it defines as Airwallex (Cayman) Limited and its affiliates: a financial technology group headquartered in Singapore with more than 2,400 employees. The company has held Australian financial services licence 487221 since 5 September 2016, covering general advice on, dealing in and issuing non-cash payment products and foreign exchange contracts, and making a market in foreign exchange contracts."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c607cc24909daab3adb7de95","record":{"id":"display-claim-c607cc24909daab3adb7de95","kind":"analysis","text":"A product disclosure statement of 4 August 2025 for the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund, whose investment manager is Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd, states that Airwallex Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital are wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (registration No. 307718). That company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and, according to a fund's report filed with the SEC, has operations in Singapore and the United States. Press accounts place the group's headquarters in Melbourne until 2018, in Hong Kong until 2023 and then in Singapore; in December 2025 the group named San Francisco as a second global headquarters, and an Australian newspaper described the group in 2026 as officially domiciled in the Cayman Islands.","source_ids":["src-003","src-018","src-030","src-049","src-024","src-072","src-027"],"entity_ids":["awx-capital-au","awx-au","awx-cayman","k2","robinhood-ventures","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-capital","c-str-cayman-company","c-str-headquarters"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A product disclosure statement of 4 August 2025 for the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund, whose investment manager is Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd, states that Airwallex Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital are wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (registration No. 307718). That company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and, according to a fund's report filed with the SEC, has operations in Singapore and the United States. Press accounts place the group's headquarters in Melbourne until 2018, in Hong Kong until 2023 and then in Singapore; in December 2025 the group named San Francisco as a second global headquarters, and an Australian newspaper described the group in 2026 as officially domiciled in the Cayman Islands."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-893a6b27b67138d2b774f265","record":{"id":"display-claim-893a6b27b67138d2b774f265","kind":"analysis","text":"The group has announced venture rounds since 2016. In June 2026 it announced US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation, led by the returning investor Addition. No share register of the Cayman company is among the retained records, so the size of holdings rests on reported figures: a US business magazine put Jack Zhang's stake at 12 per cent, and Senator Tom Cotton's June 2026 letter says Tencent and HongShan reportedly hold a combined stake of more than 20 per cent. Zhang has said that Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat, a statement a business magazine reports from the company's published response; neither figure comes from a share register.","source_ids":["src-024","src-027","src-084","src-086"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","addition","baillie-gifford","qed","t-rowe","hedosophia","haun","amex-ventures","jack-zhang","tencent","hongshan"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h","c-fund-zhang-stake","c-fund-tencent-stake"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The group has announced venture rounds since 2016. In June 2026 it announced US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation, led by the returning investor Addition. No share register of the Cayman company is among the retained records, so the size of holdings rests on reported figures: a US business magazine put Jack Zhang's stake at 12 per cent, and Senator Tom Cotton's June 2026 letter says Tencent and HongShan reportedly hold a combined stake of more than 20 per cent. Zhang has said that Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat, a statement a business magazine reports from the company's published response; neither figure comes from a share register."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1c1e6b02bd2c0281ab6a8687","record":{"id":"display-claim-1c1e6b02bd2c0281ab6a8687","kind":"analysis","text":"On 22 January 2026 a delegate of AUSTRAC's chief executive issued Airwallex Pty Ltd a notice under subsection 162(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006, stating reasonable grounds to suspect that it had contravened or was contravening sections 36, 41, 81 and 82 of the Act and requiring it to appoint an external auditor. The notice records a suspicion that justifies an audit; it is not a finding that the Act was contravened. AUSTRAC's chief executive Brendan Thomas said the agency takes such action where it suspects serious non-compliance and was concerned about the company's transaction monitoring, its understanding of who its customers are and how it identifies and reports suspicious matters; these are the regulator's concerns at the start of an audit, not its conclusions. An Airwallex spokesman said the company would cooperate, welcomed the audit as a transparent opportunity to independently validate its program, had zero tolerance for financial crime, promptly terminates any customer unable to comply and expected the audit to validate its framework; the company added that AUSTRAC had audited its program in 2024 and an independent external auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025. According to the company an auditor was appointed in February 2026; AUSTRAC has indicated that the report will inform what, if any, further action it takes and will not be made public, and no result is recorded up to October 2026.","source_ids":["src-009","src-092","src-072","src-014","src-012","src-075","src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-notice","c-aus-release"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 22 January 2026 a delegate of AUSTRAC's chief executive issued Airwallex Pty Ltd a notice under subsection 162(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006, stating reasonable grounds to suspect that it had contravened or was contravening sections 36, 41, 81 and 82 of the Act and requiring it to appoint an external auditor. The notice records a suspicion that justifies an audit; it is not a finding that the Act was contravened. AUSTRAC's chief executive Brendan Thomas said the agency takes such action where it suspects serious non-compliance and was concerned about the company's transaction monitoring, its understanding of who its customers are and how it identifies and reports suspicious matters; these are the regulator's concerns at the start of an audit, not its conclusions. An Airwallex spokesman said the company would cooperate, welcomed the audit as a transparent opportunity to independently validate its program, had zero tolerance for financial crime, promptly terminates any customer unable to comply and expected the audit to validate its framework; the company added that AUSTRAC had audited its program in 2024 and an independent external auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025. According to the company an auditor was appointed in February 2026; AUSTRAC has indicated that the report will inform what, if any, further action it takes and will not be made public, and no result is recorded up to October 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1f23b06a89ed92c5df55bcb4","record":{"id":"display-claim-1f23b06a89ed92c5df55bcb4","kind":"analysis","text":"Two Australian newspapers reported in April 2021 that National Australia Bank had cancelled transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers in 2018 and that Citigroup later declined its application for banking services. NAB had cited a policy of limiting exposure to low-revenue money services businesses, while unnamed sources linked the decision to red flags about Airwallex's customers and transaction patterns, and Citi said Airwallex did not meet its risk criteria. The newspapers said they did not suggest that Airwallex facilitated money laundering, only that other banks had concerns about its ability to comply with anti-money laundering laws. Airwallex said it did not cut corners, was not aware of any concerns from NAB about payment transfers, said there was no instance of Citigroup rejecting it over any concerns and was in ongoing dialogue with Citi. Both banks approached Airwallex for possible business in 2020; NAB ended those discussions in October 2020 and the Citi enquiries led to no business, according to the newspapers.","source_ids":["src-046","src-071"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-group","nab","citigroup"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Two Australian newspapers reported in April 2021 that National Australia Bank had cancelled transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers in 2018 and that Citigroup later declined its application for banking services. NAB had cited a policy of limiting exposure to low-revenue money services businesses, while unnamed sources linked the decision to red flags about Airwallex's customers and transaction patterns, and Citi said Airwallex did not meet its risk criteria. The newspapers said they did not suggest that Airwallex facilitated money laundering, only that other banks had concerns about its ability to comply with anti-money laundering laws. Airwallex said it did not cut corners, was not aware of any concerns from NAB about payment transfers, said there was no instance of Citigroup rejecting it over any concerns and was in ongoing dialogue with Citi. Both banks approached Airwallex for possible business in 2020; NAB ended those discussions in October 2020 and the Citi enquiries led to no business, according to the newspapers."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-70e3d87649bcfd9640c97bb5","record":{"id":"display-claim-70e3d87649bcfd9640c97bb5","kind":"analysis","text":"In December 2025 the venture capitalist Keith Rabois, a board director of the competing fintech Ramp, alleged that Airwallex was sending its US customers' data to China, claiming that its employee base in China and partial ownership by Tencent and HongShan legally required it to hand US customer data to the Chinese government on request; the allegation was reported by a business magazine, and no authority has made such a finding in the retained records. Zhang denied it, said Airwallex's Chinese engineers had no access to foreign user data and accused Rabois of circulating inaccurate claims for the benefit of one of his portfolio companies; in June 2026 he called the allegations \"patently false\" and wrote that US customer data is stored in the United States and cannot be accessed by staff based in China and Hong Kong. On 17 June 2026 Senator Cotton asked the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to review Chinese investment in Airwallex; the letter's statements are the senator's assertions, and no CFIUS decision is in the retained records. Lucy Liu declined to address the letter directly and referred to an earlier company statement; Zhang, who has called the allegations false, says Tencent's stake is passive and below 10 per cent; and Airwallex invited third-party firms to audit its privacy and data controls and published a security assessment by Coalfire.","source_ids":["src-024","src-074","src-086","src-084"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","jack-zhang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-us-rabois","c-us-cotton-cfius"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In December 2025 the venture capitalist Keith Rabois, a board director of the competing fintech Ramp, alleged that Airwallex was sending its US customers' data to China, claiming that its employee base in China and partial ownership by Tencent and HongShan legally required it to hand US customer data to the Chinese government on request; the allegation was reported by a business magazine, and no authority has made such a finding in the retained records. Zhang denied it, said Airwallex's Chinese engineers had no access to foreign user data and accused Rabois of circulating inaccurate claims for the benefit of one of his portfolio companies; in June 2026 he called the allegations \"patently false\" and wrote that US customer data is stored in the United States and cannot be accessed by staff based in China and Hong Kong. On 17 June 2026 Senator Cotton asked the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to review Chinese investment in Airwallex; the letter's statements are the senator's assertions, and no CFIUS decision is in the retained records. Lucy Liu declined to address the letter directly and referred to an earlier company statement; Zhang, who has called the allegations false, says Tencent's stake is passive and below 10 per cent; and Airwallex invited third-party firms to audit its privacy and data controls and published a security assessment by Coalfire."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c33135aa9f87278749c2a1c4","record":{"id":"display-claim-c33135aa9f87278749c2a1c4","kind":"analysis","text":"Jack Zhang is a co-founder and the chief executive of Airwallex. James Teodorini signed Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2025 modern slavery statement as \"Director, Airwallex Pty Ltd\" on 18 June 2026. In April 2026 the group announced that Elana Rubin had been appointed independent chair of its Australian board and that Sir Bill English, appointed chair of its New Zealand board on 26 March, had joined the Australian board as an independent non-executive director. The announcement does not name the legal entity whose board this is; a Wesfarmers notice of September 2026 lists English as a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd and chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited, both since March 2026, and does not list Airwallex Pty Ltd.","source_ids":["src-006","src-032","src-037","src-002","src-004","src-039"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-group","anz","nab","james-teodorini","awx-au","elana-rubin","bill-english"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-zhang","c-lead-teodorini-au","c-lead-au-board"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Jack Zhang is a co-founder and the chief executive of Airwallex. James Teodorini signed Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2025 modern slavery statement as \"Director, Airwallex Pty Ltd\" on 18 June 2026. In April 2026 the group announced that Elana Rubin had been appointed independent chair of its Australian board and that Sir Bill English, appointed chair of its New Zealand board on 26 March, had joined the Australian board as an independent non-executive director. The announcement does not name the legal entity whose board this is; a Wesfarmers notice of September 2026 lists English as a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd and chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited, both since March 2026, and does not list Airwallex Pty Ltd."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-16ff61b68207d999be9cbb01","record":{"id":"display-claim-16ff61b68207d999be9cbb01","kind":"analysis","text":"The Australian Business Register lists seven active entities under the Airwallex name, all in Victorian postcode 3000: Airwallex Pty Ltd; Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd (ABN 12 661 618 819); Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd (ABN 72 672 923 438); Airwallex Commercelink (Australia) Pty Ltd (ABN 58 698 804 901); Airwallex Digital (Australia) Pty Ltd (ABN 83 684 938 298); Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (ABN 80 696 551 185); and The Trustee for Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ABN 85 306 152 305). The register lists names, numbers and locations only; it does not record shareholders or how the companies are related to one another. The newest, Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (ACN 696 551 185), has had an active ABN since 28 May 2026 and is not registered for goods and services tax; the register does not show who owns it or whether it holds shares in Airwallex Pty Ltd.","source_ids":["src-022","src-023"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-capital-au","awx-svf","awx-commercelink-au","awx-digital-au","awx-holdings-au"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-au-entities","c-id-holdings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The Australian Business Register lists seven active entities under the Airwallex name, all in Victorian postcode 3000: Airwallex Pty Ltd; Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd (ABN 12 661 618 819); Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd (ABN 72 672 923 438); Airwallex Commercelink (Australia) Pty Ltd (ABN 58 698 804 901); Airwallex Digital (Australia) Pty Ltd (ABN 83 684 938 298); Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (ABN 80 696 551 185); and The Trustee for Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ABN 85 306 152 305). The register lists names, numbers and locations only; it does not record shareholders or how the companies are related to one another. The newest, Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (ACN 696 551 185), has had an active ABN since 28 May 2026 and is not registered for goods and services tax; the register does not show who owns it or whether it holds shares in Airwallex Pty Ltd."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1b836e6e7900b2fc31f87fc1","record":{"id":"display-claim-1b836e6e7900b2fc31f87fc1","kind":"analysis","text":"Three of the companies share regulatory arrangements. According to the group's licensing disclosure, Airwallex Pty Ltd, Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd are registered with AUSTRAC as one designated business group, and Airwallex SVF is a corporate authorised representative (CAR number 001313604) under Airwallex Pty Ltd's licence. ASIC's register of licensees lists exactly two Airwallex licences: AFSL 487221, held by Airwallex Pty Ltd since 5 September 2016, and AFSL 549026, held by Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd since 26 April 2024. The product disclosure statement of 4 August 2025 for the USD unit class of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ARSN 678 845 657) says the fund's responsible entity, K2 Asset Management Ltd, appointed Airwallex Capital as investment manager, describes it as a related party of Airwallex Pty Ltd and states that both are wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited. The group's customer-funds page says that Airwallex SVF arranges for customers' wallet funds in Australia to be guaranteed in full by Australian authorised deposit-taking institutions, as the Reserve Bank of Australia requires, without naming those institutions, and that Airwallex Capital invests customer funds in low-risk assets through its partner J.P. Morgan.","source_ids":["src-011","src-106","src-003","src-066"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-svf","awx-capital-au","awx-cayman","k2","jpmorgan","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-dbg","c-id-afsl","c-id-capital","c-id-svf-safeguard"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Three of the companies share regulatory arrangements. According to the group's licensing disclosure, Airwallex Pty Ltd, Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd are registered with AUSTRAC as one designated business group, and Airwallex SVF is a corporate authorised representative (CAR number 001313604) under Airwallex Pty Ltd's licence. ASIC's register of licensees lists exactly two Airwallex licences: AFSL 487221, held by Airwallex Pty Ltd since 5 September 2016, and AFSL 549026, held by Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd since 26 April 2024. The product disclosure statement of 4 August 2025 for the USD unit class of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund (ARSN 678 845 657) says the fund's responsible entity, K2 Asset Management Ltd, appointed Airwallex Capital as investment manager, describes it as a related party of Airwallex Pty Ltd and states that both are wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited. The group's customer-funds page says that Airwallex SVF arranges for customers' wallet funds in Australia to be guaranteed in full by Australian authorised deposit-taking institutions, as the Reserve Bank of Australia requires, without naming those institutions, and that Airwallex Capital invests customer funds in low-risk assets through its partner J.P. Morgan."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-65fa945c30baa9194b3ef9b9","record":{"id":"display-claim-65fa945c30baa9194b3ef9b9","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex Pty Ltd's main business location moved from Victorian postcode 3146 to 3000 on 22 March 2019, and AUSTRAC addressed its January 2026 notice to Level 7, 15 William Street, Melbourne. The company is also registered under its ABN as a supplier on buy.nsw, the New South Wales government procurement platform, where its profile, updated on 29 April 2024, lists financial services.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009","src-020"],"entity_ids":["awx-au"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-location","c-id-buy-nsw"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex Pty Ltd's main business location moved from Victorian postcode 3146 to 3000 on 22 March 2019, and AUSTRAC addressed its January 2026 notice to Level 7, 15 William Street, Melbourne. The company is also registered under its ABN as a supplier on buy.nsw, the New South Wales government procurement platform, where its profile, updated on 29 April 2024, lists financial services."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-aba1ad1610ffe59564339f8a","record":{"id":"display-claim-aba1ad1610ffe59564339f8a","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is incorporated in the Cayman Islands under registration number 307718; a certified shareholder report filed with the SEC by one of its investors, for the period to 31 March 2026, notes that it has operations in Singapore and the United States. Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement defines the \"Airwallex Group\" as this company and its affiliates. An Australian financial newspaper wrote in July 2023 that Airwallex's businesses around the world, including in Australia, are ultimately owned by a Cayman Islands entity required to disclose almost no information publicly, and that a Cayman corporate search showed only that it was established in 2016 and is registered at the local office of Maples Corporate Services, which the newspaper spells \"Maple\". The registry extract itself is not among the retained records. An Airwallex spokesman told the newspaper that each regional Airwallex entity, including Airwallex Australia, complies with its government's corporate regulations and requirements, and in April 2026 Lucy Liu said Airwallex had not \"left\" Australia and remained deeply rooted there with a large team and ongoing investment.","source_ids":["src-018","src-003","src-002","src-105","src-072"],"entity_ids":["awx-cayman","robinhood-ventures","awx-au","awx-group","lucy-liu"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-cayman-company","c-id-modern-slavery","c-str-cayman-ultimate"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is incorporated in the Cayman Islands under registration number 307718; a certified shareholder report filed with the SEC by one of its investors, for the period to 31 March 2026, notes that it has operations in Singapore and the United States. Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement defines the \"Airwallex Group\" as this company and its affiliates. An Australian financial newspaper wrote in July 2023 that Airwallex's businesses around the world, including in Australia, are ultimately owned by a Cayman Islands entity required to disclose almost no information publicly, and that a Cayman corporate search showed only that it was established in 2016 and is registered at the local office of Maples Corporate Services, which the newspaper spells \"Maple\". The registry extract itself is not among the retained records. An Airwallex spokesman told the newspaper that each regional Airwallex entity, including Airwallex Australia, complies with its government's corporate regulations and requirements, and in April 2026 Lucy Liu said Airwallex had not \"left\" Australia and remained deeply rooted there with a large team and ongoing investment."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3acc82f6c0296de55f0f8954","record":{"id":"display-claim-3acc82f6c0296de55f0f8954","kind":"analysis","text":"The same report said that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC show that on 1 January 2023 the company moved 100 per cent of its shareholding in the group's New Zealand business and 99.99 per cent of its Indian business to the Cayman Islands, one share remaining in India as Indian law requires, and that the parent company put A$47 million into the Australian company during 2022 by buying shares in it. The newspaper named none of the parent, the receiving Cayman entity or the Indian company, and the ASIC filing is not among the retained records; the 2025 fund disclosure identifies Airwallex (Cayman) Limited as Airwallex Pty Ltd's sole owner. A copy of the New Zealand companies register retrieved in October 2026 shows all 6,000,001 shares of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited (company number 8151714, NZBN 9429048910057, registered on 12 January 2021) held by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited, also recorded as its ultimate holding company; the copy comes from a commercial site that reproduces the register. In July 2023 the spokesman told the newspaper that the Australian company employed 200 staff in Australia and would continue to file its audited financial statements with ASIC as required; none of those filings is among the retained records.","source_ids":["src-105","src-008"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-nz","awx-group","awx-cayman"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-au-transfer-2023","c-str-parent-investment-2022","c-str-nz-ownership","c-id-asic-filing"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The same report said that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC show that on 1 January 2023 the company moved 100 per cent of its shareholding in the group's New Zealand business and 99.99 per cent of its Indian business to the Cayman Islands, one share remaining in India as Indian law requires, and that the parent company put A$47 million into the Australian company during 2022 by buying shares in it. The newspaper named none of the parent, the receiving Cayman entity or the Indian company, and the ASIC filing is not among the retained records; the 2025 fund disclosure identifies Airwallex (Cayman) Limited as Airwallex Pty Ltd's sole owner. A copy of the New Zealand companies register retrieved in October 2026 shows all 6,000,001 shares of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited (company number 8151714, NZBN 9429048910057, registered on 12 January 2021) held by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited, also recorded as its ultimate holding company; the copy comes from a commercial site that reproduces the register. In July 2023 the spokesman told the newspaper that the Australian company employed 200 staff in Australia and would continue to file its audited financial statements with ASIC as required; none of those filings is among the retained records."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-2b740f5d5946c7d1937c5536","record":{"id":"display-claim-2b740f5d5946c7d1937c5536","kind":"analysis","text":"Press accounts describe the group's headquarters moving from Melbourne to Hong Kong in 2018 and from there to Singapore in 2023; in December 2025 the group named San Francisco as a second global headquarters alongside Singapore. The dates of the moves come from those reports, and an Australian newspaper described the group in 2026 as officially domiciled in the Cayman Islands. In 2017 the start-up had about 40 staff and offices in Melbourne, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Announcing its Australian board in April 2026, the group described itself as founded in Melbourne in 2015, holding more than 80 licences, co-headquartered in San Francisco and Singapore, with more than 2,200 employees in 26 offices; these are the company's own figures, and Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement gives more than 2,400 employees.","source_ids":["src-030","src-049","src-024","src-072","src-027","src-004","src-002"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-headquarters","c-str-scale-2026"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Press accounts describe the group's headquarters moving from Melbourne to Hong Kong in 2018 and from there to Singapore in 2023; in December 2025 the group named San Francisco as a second global headquarters alongside Singapore. The dates of the moves come from those reports, and an Australian newspaper described the group in 2026 as officially domiciled in the Cayman Islands. In 2017 the start-up had about 40 staff and offices in Melbourne, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Announcing its Australian board in April 2026, the group described itself as founded in Melbourne in 2015, holding more than 80 licences, co-headquartered in San Francisco and Singapore, with more than 2,200 employees in 26 offices; these are the company's own figures, and Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement gives more than 2,400 employees."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-be9766ffbd92fb17c93233bc","record":{"id":"display-claim-be9766ffbd92fb17c93233bc","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex (UK) Limited (company number 10103420) is an authorised electronic money institution under FCA reference number 900876, with that status from 26 November 2018, and it holds permission to provide e-money and payment services into Gibraltar. The FCA list also contains a second entry, 900824, under the same name with the status \"Cancelled - Authorised EMI\", without a date or reason. Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the company's only person with significant control, notified on 6 April 2016, through \"significant influence or control\"; that category is distinct from holding shares, the register shows no corporate owner and it does not show who holds the company's shares. Zhang was a director from 5 April 2016 until 19 January 2026. The current directors are Kai Wu (since 16 January 2024), Pranav Kumar Sood (since 25 August 2026) and Paul Gerard Christensen (since 1 October 2026).","source_ids":["src-096","src-011","src-100","src-016","src-015","src-017","src-055"],"entity_ids":["awx-uk","jack-zhang","pranav-sood","kai-wu","awx-treasury-uk"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-uk","c-uk-psc-uk","c-uk-zhang-director","c-lead-kai-wu-uk"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex (UK) Limited (company number 10103420) is an authorised electronic money institution under FCA reference number 900876, with that status from 26 November 2018, and it holds permission to provide e-money and payment services into Gibraltar. The FCA list also contains a second entry, 900824, under the same name with the status \"Cancelled - Authorised EMI\", without a date or reason. Companies House lists Jack Zhang as the company's only person with significant control, notified on 6 April 2016, through \"significant influence or control\"; that category is distinct from holding shares, the register shows no corporate owner and it does not show who holds the company's shares. Zhang was a director from 5 April 2016 until 19 January 2026. The current directors are Kai Wu (since 16 January 2024), Pranav Kumar Sood (since 25 August 2026) and Paul Gerard Christensen (since 1 October 2026)."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-7091e4b522414deb1ec31361","record":{"id":"display-claim-7091e4b522414deb1ec31361","kind":"analysis","text":"Companies House lists Zhang as the only person with significant control of Airwallex Treasury (UK) Limited (company number 17262855), notified on 5 June 2026, again through significant influence or control; Kai Wu and Yueting (Lucy) Liu have been its directors since 5 June 2026. On 25 August 2026 Airwallex Group (UK) Limited (company number 17419456) was incorporated in England and Wales as a private company limited by shares, with its registered office at 45 Mortimer Street, London, and SIC code 64205, activities of financial services holding companies. Zhang was its sole subscriber, holding its one ordinary share of £1, and he and Yueting Liu were its first directors; Companies House records him as holding 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights and the right to appoint or remove directors. Xijing Dai, a co-founder, became a director on 10 September 2026, his only UK appointment. Liu's directorship ended on 3 October 2026, when a resolution changed the company's name to Airwallex Global Limited, and new articles of association were filed on 15 October 2026. The filings do not explain the company's purpose or show any shareholding by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited or Airwallex Pty Ltd.","source_ids":["src-029","src-055","src-057","src-059","src-051","src-050","src-058","src-056"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-treasury-uk","kai-wu","lucy-liu","awx-global-uk","xijing-dai","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-uk-treasury","c-uk-global-incorporation","c-uk-global-psc","c-lead-dai","c-uk-global-changes"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Companies House lists Zhang as the only person with significant control of Airwallex Treasury (UK) Limited (company number 17262855), notified on 5 June 2026, again through significant influence or control; Kai Wu and Yueting (Lucy) Liu have been its directors since 5 June 2026. On 25 August 2026 Airwallex Group (UK) Limited (company number 17419456) was incorporated in England and Wales as a private company limited by shares, with its registered office at 45 Mortimer Street, London, and SIC code 64205, activities of financial services holding companies. Zhang was its sole subscriber, holding its one ordinary share of £1, and he and Yueting Liu were its first directors; Companies House records him as holding 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights and the right to appoint or remove directors. Xijing Dai, a co-founder, became a director on 10 September 2026, his only UK appointment. Liu's directorship ended on 3 October 2026, when a resolution changed the company's name to Airwallex Global Limited, and new articles of association were filed on 15 October 2026. The filings do not explain the company's purpose or show any shareholding by Airwallex (Cayman) Limited or Airwallex Pty Ltd."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-6dc2ef3a94679c95d5899474","record":{"id":"display-claim-6dc2ef3a94679c95d5899474","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex Group (UK) Limited is in turn recorded as the relevant legal entity with significant control of AWX US Investment Holding (UK) Limited (company number 17460169), notified on 15 September 2026, owning 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights with the right to appoint or remove directors. Its three directors, all appointed that day, are Yueting Liu, Pranav Kumar Sood and Jack Zhang. The register does not use the name Lucy: the identity of Yueting Liu with the co-founder Lucy (Yueting) Liu rests on the Brazilian central bank notice that names her Lucy Yueting Liu and on the matching group roles and London address, where all three of her UK appointments are registered.","source_ids":["src-060","src-061","src-057"],"entity_ids":["awx-global-uk","awx-us-inv-uk","lucy-liu","pranav-sood","jack-zhang","awx-treasury-uk"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-uk-us-holding","c-uk-liu-appointments"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex Group (UK) Limited is in turn recorded as the relevant legal entity with significant control of AWX US Investment Holding (UK) Limited (company number 17460169), notified on 15 September 2026, owning 75 per cent or more of its shares and voting rights with the right to appoint or remove directors. Its three directors, all appointed that day, are Yueting Liu, Pranav Kumar Sood and Jack Zhang. The register does not use the name Lucy: the identity of Yueting Liu with the co-founder Lucy (Yueting) Liu rests on the Brazilian central bank notice that names her Lucy Yueting Liu and on the matching group roles and London address, where all three of her UK appointments are registered."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-46b90f4754f1fde123acabd4","record":{"id":"display-claim-46b90f4754f1fde123acabd4","kind":"analysis","text":"When announcing on 15 January 2025 that it had finalised the acquisition of the Mexican payment company MexPago, Airwallex said it had obtained a payment institution licence from the Banco Central do Brasil; a deal database dates the MexPago acquisition to 19 October 2023, presumably the agreement, and the buyer within the group is not named. The group's licensing disclosure names the licensee as AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., authorised as a payment institution for post-paid instruments, payment initiation, e-money issuance and acquiring, and to operate in the foreign exchange market. In Comunicado No. 42.107 of 9 September 2024 (case PE 260558) the central bank published, for objections within fifteen days, that AWX Holding Brasil Ltda. (CNPJ 50.942.433/0001-34) as direct controller and Lucy Yueting Liu as final controller (controladora final) intended to take part in the control of the payment institution (CNPJ 52.076.716/0001-76, São Paulo). The notice announced an intended controlling interest submitted for authorisation; the personal identification details it contains are not reproduced here. By Comunicado No. 42.691 of 13 January 2025 the central bank announced its decision of 8 January 2025 approving Fernando de Vasconcellos Portugal Torres, Maurício Rossini César and Paulo Roberto Ribeiro as members of the institution's board of executive officers (diretoria), following an amendment of its articles of 26 August 2024; the personal tax numbers published in that notice are omitted.","source_ids":["src-052","src-011","src-054","src-064","src-078"],"entity_ids":["mexpago","awx-group","luis-castillejos","awx-br-ip","awx-br-holding","lucy-liu","fernando-torres","mauricio-cesar","paulo-ribeiro"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-mx","c-lic-br","c-br-bcb-control","c-br-directors"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: When announcing on 15 January 2025 that it had finalised the acquisition of the Mexican payment company MexPago, Airwallex said it had obtained a payment institution licence from the Banco Central do Brasil; a deal database dates the MexPago acquisition to 19 October 2023, presumably the agreement, and the buyer within the group is not named. The group's licensing disclosure names the licensee as AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda., authorised as a payment institution for post-paid instruments, payment initiation, e-money issuance and acquiring, and to operate in the foreign exchange market. In Comunicado No. 42.107 of 9 September 2024 (case PE 260558) the central bank published, for objections within fifteen days, that AWX Holding Brasil Ltda. (CNPJ 50.942.433/0001-34) as direct controller and Lucy Yueting Liu as final controller (controladora final) intended to take part in the control of the payment institution (CNPJ 52.076.716/0001-76, São Paulo). The notice announced an intended controlling interest submitted for authorisation; the personal identification details it contains are not reproduced here. By Comunicado No. 42.691 of 13 January 2025 the central bank announced its decision of 8 January 2025 approving Fernando de Vasconcellos Portugal Torres, Maurício Rossini César and Paulo Roberto Ribeiro as members of the institution's board of executive officers (diretoria), following an amendment of its articles of 26 August 2024; the personal tax numbers published in that notice are omitted."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-8423d39283b735104219bb03","record":{"id":"display-claim-8423d39283b735104219bb03","kind":"analysis","text":"Brazilian federal tax registry data, as reproduced by a commercial aggregator, show AWX Holding Brasil Ltda as an active limited company since 5 June 2023 with share capital of R$36,184,000.00 and holding-company activity at Avenida Brig Luis Antonio 300 in São Paulo. Its sole partner since 19 July 2023 is YTL AWX Limited, recorded with Brazilian CNPJ 51.018.106/0001-53 from 12 June 2023 as a foreign-domiciled holding company with an address at Kingston Chambers, PO Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands. The data do not name YTL AWX's owners; its link to Lucy Yueting Liu is that the central bank names her final controller of the payment institution held through AWX Holding Brasil, and no British Virgin Islands record is among the retained documents.","source_ids":["src-065","src-073"],"entity_ids":["awx-br-holding","ytl-awx","cesar-padovesi"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-br-holding","c-br-ytl"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Brazilian federal tax registry data, as reproduced by a commercial aggregator, show AWX Holding Brasil Ltda as an active limited company since 5 June 2023 with share capital of R$36,184,000.00 and holding-company activity at Avenida Brig Luis Antonio 300 in São Paulo. Its sole partner since 19 July 2023 is YTL AWX Limited, recorded with Brazilian CNPJ 51.018.106/0001-53 from 12 June 2023 as a foreign-domiciled holding company with an address at Kingston Chambers, PO Box 173, Road Town, Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands. The data do not name YTL AWX's owners; its link to Lucy Yueting Liu is that the central bank names her final controller of the payment institution held through AWX Holding Brasil, and no British Virgin Islands record is among the retained documents."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-08767fc914ffe75f78802de4","record":{"id":"display-claim-08767fc914ffe75f78802de4","kind":"analysis","text":"A second company, Airwallex (Brasil) Ltda (CNPJ 49.629.692/0001-20), has been active since 16 February 2023 with share capital of R$1,118,739.00 and the activity code for other auxiliary financial services, and shares the São Paulo address, telephone number and e-mail address of AWX Holding Brasil. In the same aggregator data its sole partner since 27 March 2025 is AWX Investment (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.; the partner before that date is not shown. Singapore registry data reproduced by a commercial site show that company (UEN 202312458Z) as a live private holding company incorporated on 31 March 2023 at 36 Robinson Road, Singapore, without its directors or shareholders. Cesar Madeira Padovesi has been administrator of AWX Holding Brasil since 5 June 2023 and of Airwallex (Brasil) since 16 February 2023 and represents their foreign partners; the same registry data list him in 154 companies, mostly as administrator of Brazilian subsidiaries of foreign groups.","source_ids":["src-093","src-077","src-065","src-099"],"entity_ids":["awx-br","awx-inv-sg","cesar-padovesi","awx-br-holding"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-br-airwallex-brasil","c-br-inv-sg","c-br-padovesi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A second company, Airwallex (Brasil) Ltda (CNPJ 49.629.692/0001-20), has been active since 16 February 2023 with share capital of R$1,118,739.00 and the activity code for other auxiliary financial services, and shares the São Paulo address, telephone number and e-mail address of AWX Holding Brasil. In the same aggregator data its sole partner since 27 March 2025 is AWX Investment (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.; the partner before that date is not shown. Singapore registry data reproduced by a commercial site show that company (UEN 202312458Z) as a live private holding company incorporated on 31 March 2023 at 36 Robinson Road, Singapore, without its directors or shareholders. Cesar Madeira Padovesi has been administrator of AWX Holding Brasil since 5 June 2023 and of Airwallex (Brasil) since 16 February 2023 and represents their foreign partners; the same registry data list him in 154 companies, mostly as administrator of Brazilian subsidiaries of foreign groups."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-edd2686894c1e94a9e600472","record":{"id":"display-claim-edd2686894c1e94a9e600472","kind":"analysis","text":"An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex had recently acquired MexPago in Mexico, had entered Brazil through the acquisition of the payments company UniPay, and held more than 60 licences and permits. UniPay is named only in that article: Airwallex's own announcement of its Brazilian licence does not mention it, and no Brazilian record of UniPay is among the retained documents.","source_ids":["src-041"],"entity_ids":["unipay","mexpago","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-unipay"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex had recently acquired MexPago in Mexico, had entered Brazil through the acquisition of the payments company UniPay, and held more than 60 licences and permits. UniPay is named only in that article: Airwallex's own announcement of its Brazilian licence does not mention it, and no Brazilian record of UniPay is among the retained documents."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-88d36736592d6ccf7aa5f3fe","record":{"id":"display-claim-88d36736592d6ccf7aa5f3fe","kind":"analysis","text":"According to a US business magazine, co-founder Lucy Liu provided Airwallex's initial US$1 million of seed funding in 2015, after which the start-up raised a further US$3 million from small venture firms; another business magazine, in a corrected account of 2026, reports that Liu offered US$2 million and that Jack Zhang accepted US$1 million. Both accounts come from interviews, and no filing records the seed investment or the shares it bought. On 5 July 2016 Airwallex announced a US$3 million pre-Series A round led by the Shanghai-based Gobi Partners, with Gravity VC and the angel investors Huashan Capital One. A technology news site reported on 1 May 2017 that the Melbourne start-up had closed a US$13 million Series A round led by Tencent, its first investment in an Australian start-up, with Sequoia China, MasterCard and Gobi taking part; the start-up's own announcement is not among the retained records and the issuing company is not named.","source_ids":["src-024","src-084","src-037","src-030"],"entity_ids":["lucy-liu","awx-group","jack-zhang","gobi","gravity","huashan","tencent","hongshan","mastercard"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-seed","c-fund-pre-a","c-fund-series-a"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: According to a US business magazine, co-founder Lucy Liu provided Airwallex's initial US$1 million of seed funding in 2015, after which the start-up raised a further US$3 million from small venture firms; another business magazine, in a corrected account of 2026, reports that Liu offered US$2 million and that Jack Zhang accepted US$1 million. Both accounts come from interviews, and no filing records the seed investment or the shares it bought. On 5 July 2016 Airwallex announced a US$3 million pre-Series A round led by the Shanghai-based Gobi Partners, with Gravity VC and the angel investors Huashan Capital One. A technology news site reported on 1 May 2017 that the Melbourne start-up had closed a US$13 million Series A round led by Tencent, its first investment in an Australian start-up, with Sequoia China, MasterCard and Gobi taking part; the start-up's own announcement is not among the retained records and the issuing company is not named."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-4fec79efd0be19d5de1fa612","record":{"id":"display-claim-4fec79efd0be19d5de1fa612","kind":"analysis","text":"A Singapore business newspaper reported in July 2018 that Tencent and Sequoia China led an US$80 million Series B round, joined by Hillhouse, Horizons Ventures, Central Capital Ventura and Square Peg, which had also taken part in a US$6 million Series A+ round in December 2017; total funding reached US$102 million, according to the company's statement as the newspaper reported it, which names neither the issuing company nor the investors' stakes. In March 2019 a technology news site reported, from the company's announcement, a US$100 million Series C round led by DST Global, with Sequoia China, Tencent, Hillhouse Capital, Gobi Partners, Horizons Ventures and Square Peg returning; the company then disclosed a valuation for the first time, above US$1 billion. The same site reported in April 2020 a US$160 million Series D round that added ANZi Ventures, the investment arm of ANZ Bank, and Salesforce Ventures to returning investors, bringing total funding to US$360 million, again from the company's announcement; a later report mentions a March 2021 extension without its size or investors. None of these reports states an investor's stake.","source_ids":["src-031","src-032","src-033","src-034"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","hillhouse","horizons","central-capital","square-peg","dst","gobi","anzi","salesforce-ventures"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A Singapore business newspaper reported in July 2018 that Tencent and Sequoia China led an US$80 million Series B round, joined by Hillhouse, Horizons Ventures, Central Capital Ventura and Square Peg, which had also taken part in a US$6 million Series A+ round in December 2017; total funding reached US$102 million, according to the company's statement as the newspaper reported it, which names neither the issuing company nor the investors' stakes. In March 2019 a technology news site reported, from the company's announcement, a US$100 million Series C round led by DST Global, with Sequoia China, Tencent, Hillhouse Capital, Gobi Partners, Horizons Ventures and Square Peg returning; the company then disclosed a valuation for the first time, above US$1 billion. The same site reported in April 2020 a US$160 million Series D round that added ANZi Ventures, the investment arm of ANZ Bank, and Salesforce Ventures to returning investors, bringing total funding to US$360 million, again from the company's announcement; a later report mentions a March 2021 extension without its size or investors. None of these reports states an investor's stake."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-9d45dc9691383afcbba22769","record":{"id":"display-claim-9d45dc9691383afcbba22769","kind":"analysis","text":"According to two trade reports of the company's announcements, in September 2021 Airwallex raised US$200 million in a Series E round at a US$4 billion valuation, led by Lone Pine Capital, with the new investors G Squared and Vetamer Capital and the existing investors 1835i Ventures (formerly ANZi), DST Global, Salesforce Ventures and Sequoia Capital China. In November 2021 Lone Pine led a further US$100 million at a US$5.5 billion valuation, taking total funding to US$802 million; no investor's stake is stated. A news agency, relaying the company's statement, reported in October 2022 a US$100 million extension at an unchanged valuation from existing investors including Tencent Holdings, Sequoia Capital China and Lone Pine, joined by the Australian superannuation fund HostPlus and a North American pension fund that is not named. On 21 May 2025 Airwallex announced a US$300 million Series F round at a US$6.2 billion valuation, including US$150 million of secondary share transfers, with Square Peg, DST Global, Lone Pine Capital, Blackbird, Airtree, Salesforce Ventures and several Australian pension funds, and Visa Ventures as a strategic investor.","source_ids":["src-034","src-036","src-035","src-026"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","lone-pine","g-squared","vetamer","anzi","dst","salesforce-ventures","hongshan","tencent","hostplus","square-peg","blackbird","airtree","visa-ventures"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e","c-fund-series-e-2022","c-fund-series-f"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: According to two trade reports of the company's announcements, in September 2021 Airwallex raised US$200 million in a Series E round at a US$4 billion valuation, led by Lone Pine Capital, with the new investors G Squared and Vetamer Capital and the existing investors 1835i Ventures (formerly ANZi), DST Global, Salesforce Ventures and Sequoia Capital China. In November 2021 Lone Pine led a further US$100 million at a US$5.5 billion valuation, taking total funding to US$802 million; no investor's stake is stated. A news agency, relaying the company's statement, reported in October 2022 a US$100 million extension at an unchanged valuation from existing investors including Tencent Holdings, Sequoia Capital China and Lone Pine, joined by the Australian superannuation fund HostPlus and a North American pension fund that is not named. On 21 May 2025 Airwallex announced a US$300 million Series F round at a US$6.2 billion valuation, including US$150 million of secondary share transfers, with Square Peg, DST Global, Lone Pine Capital, Blackbird, Airtree, Salesforce Ventures and several Australian pension funds, and Visa Ventures as a strategic investor."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-0e38323f6be827f4c3688202","record":{"id":"display-claim-0e38323f6be827f4c3688202","kind":"analysis","text":"On 8 December 2025 Airwallex announced a US$330 million Series G round valuing it at US$8 billion, led by Addition with T. Rowe Price, Activant, Lingotto, Robinhood Ventures and TIAA Ventures. Robinhood Ventures Fund I's certified shareholder report filed with the SEC lists, as of 31 March 2026, 1,173,709 shares of Series G preferred stock of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited acquired on 21 November 2025, at a cost and fair value of US$25,000,002. In June 2026 Airwallex announced US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation, led by Addition, with Baillie Gifford, Hummingbird, QED Investors, T. Rowe Price, Hedosophia, Haun Ventures, Washington University in St. Louis and Amex Ventures. A personal-finance magazine counted seven rounds and more than US$1.5 billion of venture capital over ten years, including from AirTree, Blackbird and Square Peg; counts differ depending on how extensions are treated. A venture database also lists Greenoaks Capital Partners, Grok Ventures and Skip Capital as Series D investors and Hermitage Capital in the Series E round, without stakes or dates, and an Australian financial newspaper wrote in 2023 that Grok Ventures, the investment company of the Atlassian co-founder Mike Cannon-Brookes, had invested. No announcement in the retained records names these four investors.","source_ids":["src-027","src-018","src-024","src-076","src-054","src-105"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","addition","t-rowe","activant","lingotto","robinhood-ventures","tiaa-ventures","awx-cayman","baillie-gifford","qed","hedosophia","haun","amex-ventures","airtree","blackbird","square-peg"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g","c-fund-robinhood-sec","c-fund-series-h","c-fund-totals","c-fund-aggregator"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 8 December 2025 Airwallex announced a US$330 million Series G round valuing it at US$8 billion, led by Addition with T. Rowe Price, Activant, Lingotto, Robinhood Ventures and TIAA Ventures. Robinhood Ventures Fund I's certified shareholder report filed with the SEC lists, as of 31 March 2026, 1,173,709 shares of Series G preferred stock of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited acquired on 21 November 2025, at a cost and fair value of US$25,000,002. In June 2026 Airwallex announced US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation, led by Addition, with Baillie Gifford, Hummingbird, QED Investors, T. Rowe Price, Hedosophia, Haun Ventures, Washington University in St. Louis and Amex Ventures. A personal-finance magazine counted seven rounds and more than US$1.5 billion of venture capital over ten years, including from AirTree, Blackbird and Square Peg; counts differ depending on how extensions are treated. A venture database also lists Greenoaks Capital Partners, Grok Ventures and Skip Capital as Series D investors and Hermitage Capital in the Series E round, without stakes or dates, and an Australian financial newspaper wrote in 2023 that Grok Ventures, the investment company of the Atlassian co-founder Mike Cannon-Brookes, had invested. No announcement in the retained records names these four investors."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-e96f7c9df641ffcaddad8b54","record":{"id":"display-claim-e96f7c9df641ffcaddad8b54","kind":"analysis","text":"No share register of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is public or among the retained records, so the stakes below are reported figures. A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that Jack Zhang owns 12 per cent of Airwallex, a stake it valued at US$1.3 billion after the US$11 billion round. An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026 that Square Peg Capital accounts for the largest stake, without giving its size, that Blackbird Ventures and Airtree Ventures also hold shares and that the major Chinese backers include Tencent and HongShan Capital; in April 2026 it named Square Peg, Blackbird, AirTree and Tencent as the largest backers. In 2021 Square Peg's co-founder Paul Bassat told the newspaper the firm had been a shareholder since 2017 without a board seat. Senator Tom Cotton's June 2026 letter says Tencent and HongShan reportedly hold a combined stake of more than 20 per cent, while Zhang has said Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat, a statement a business magazine reports from the company's published response; neither figure comes from a share register. An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex does not comment on the shareholdings of investors or founders, relaying Liu's remark in another press report that she did not know which investor had the largest stake but that no investor had an outsized one.","source_ids":["src-024","src-074","src-072","src-071","src-084","src-086","src-041"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","awx-group","square-peg","blackbird","airtree","tencent","hongshan","lucy-liu"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-zhang-stake","c-fund-square-peg-largest","c-fund-tencent-stake","c-fund-no-comment"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: No share register of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited is public or among the retained records, so the stakes below are reported figures. A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that Jack Zhang owns 12 per cent of Airwallex, a stake it valued at US$1.3 billion after the US$11 billion round. An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026 that Square Peg Capital accounts for the largest stake, without giving its size, that Blackbird Ventures and Airtree Ventures also hold shares and that the major Chinese backers include Tencent and HongShan Capital; in April 2026 it named Square Peg, Blackbird, AirTree and Tencent as the largest backers. In 2021 Square Peg's co-founder Paul Bassat told the newspaper the firm had been a shareholder since 2017 without a board seat. Senator Tom Cotton's June 2026 letter says Tencent and HongShan reportedly hold a combined stake of more than 20 per cent, while Zhang has said Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat, a statement a business magazine reports from the company's published response; neither figure comes from a share register. An Australian business magazine wrote in 2025 that Airwallex does not comment on the shareholdings of investors or founders, relaying Liu's remark in another press report that she did not know which investor had the largest stake but that no investor had an outsized one."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d45e5fadcd6b7f7a4cfe5a64","record":{"id":"display-claim-d45e5fadcd6b7f7a4cfe5a64","kind":"analysis","text":"On 28 July 2021 Airwallex announced Capital 49, a venture capital fund set up by its founders in cooperation with the company, which aimed to raise US$200 million from the founders and other investors for companies in Airwallex's ecosystem; Jack Zhang was named its founder, and the fund had made two fintech investments. The announcement does not identify the fund's legal entity or jurisdiction.","source_ids":["src-053"],"entity_ids":["capital49","jack-zhang","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-capital49"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 28 July 2021 Airwallex announced Capital 49, a venture capital fund set up by its founders in cooperation with the company, which aimed to raise US$200 million from the founders and other investors for companies in Airwallex's ecosystem; Jack Zhang was named its founder, and the fund had made two fintech investments. The announcement does not identify the fund's legal entity or jurisdiction."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-70c22f719d029b2eb3d6795d","record":{"id":"display-claim-70c22f719d029b2eb3d6795d","kind":"analysis","text":"An Australian financial newspaper reported in July 2023 that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC showed revenue of A$59.3 million and a profit of A$17.5 million. A$41 million of the revenue came from charging clients for technology development and support services, A$8 million from payment and currency conversion fees, A$7 million from issuing services and A$2 million was uncategorised, and the company held A$502 million for its clients at 31 December 2022. These figures are as reported from the filing, which is not among the retained records.","source_ids":["src-105"],"entity_ids":["awx-au"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-res-au-2022"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: An Australian financial newspaper reported in July 2023 that Airwallex Pty Ltd's 2022 accounts lodged with ASIC showed revenue of A$59.3 million and a profit of A$17.5 million. A$41 million of the revenue came from charging clients for technology development and support services, A$8 million from payment and currency conversion fees, A$7 million from issuing services and A$2 million was uncategorised, and the company held A$502 million for its clients at 31 December 2022. These figures are as reported from the filing, which is not among the retained records."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-465db9828b85e0d8f7553b73","record":{"id":"display-claim-465db9828b85e0d8f7553b73","kind":"analysis","text":"According to a national newspaper report republished by a business news site in May 2026, accounts filed on 30 April 2026 show that revenue from Airwallex's Australian operations rose 30 per cent in 2025 to A$105.6 million while the loss widened to A$17.2 million from A$12.8 million in 2024. Employee benefits rose 22.5 per cent to A$69.9 million, advertising more than 61 per cent to A$14.9 million and transaction processing costs to A$47.5 million from A$32.8 million; total equity fell from A$93 million to A$67 million, accumulated losses reached A$70.4 million and cash was A$721.8 million. The article does not name the reporting entity or say whether the cash figure includes client money, and the filing is not among the retained records. James Teodorini, the ANZ general manager, called 2025 a year of meaningful progress and continued investment in Australia, with strong revenue growth and deliberate investment in talent and capability.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","james-teodorini"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-res-au-2024-2025"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: According to a national newspaper report republished by a business news site in May 2026, accounts filed on 30 April 2026 show that revenue from Airwallex's Australian operations rose 30 per cent in 2025 to A$105.6 million while the loss widened to A$17.2 million from A$12.8 million in 2024. Employee benefits rose 22.5 per cent to A$69.9 million, advertising more than 61 per cent to A$14.9 million and transaction processing costs to A$47.5 million from A$32.8 million; total equity fell from A$93 million to A$67 million, accumulated losses reached A$70.4 million and cash was A$721.8 million. The article does not name the reporting entity or say whether the cash figure includes client money, and the filing is not among the retained records. James Teodorini, the ANZ general manager, called 2025 a year of meaningful progress and continued investment in Australia, with strong revenue growth and deliberate investment in talent and capability."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b907ba23bc4295fbbe2abb5b","record":{"id":"display-claim-b907ba23bc4295fbbe2abb5b","kind":"analysis","text":"In mid-2024 Airwallex said its revenue across the Australian and New Zealand business had risen 93 per cent in the previous year, with global revenue up 84 per cent and transaction volumes up 68 per cent; a trade publication reported these growth rates without amounts. Announcing its Australian board appointments in April 2026, the company said it served more than 40,000 Australian businesses, including Qantas, Canva, CultureAmp and Afterpay, and facilitated more than A$39 billion of payments for Australian customers a year; these too are company figures.","source_ids":["src-091","src-004"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-res-anz-2023","c-res-au-activity"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In mid-2024 Airwallex said its revenue across the Australian and New Zealand business had risen 93 per cent in the previous year, with global revenue up 84 per cent and transaction volumes up 68 per cent; a trade publication reported these growth rates without amounts. Announcing its Australian board appointments in April 2026, the company said it served more than 40,000 Australian businesses, including Qantas, Canva, CultureAmp and Afterpay, and facilitated more than A$39 billion of payments for Australian customers a year; these too are company figures."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-5d8d70369fea4f7b5cac9341","record":{"id":"display-claim-5d8d70369fea4f7b5cac9341","kind":"analysis","text":"According to the company, the group's annualised revenue was above US$100 million in late 2021, revenue was up 184 per cent year on year by October 2022, annualised revenue reached US$720 million in March 2025, when annualised payments volume exceeded US$130 billion, and passed US$1 billion in October 2025, with annualised transaction volume above US$235 billion. A business magazine reported that by March 2026 the group processed more than US$250 billion a year at a revenue run-rate of US$1.3 billion and was not yet profitable. These are company and press figures for the whole group, not audited accounts. An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026, citing unreported quarterly results relayed by a person familiar with the business, that Airwallex processed US$61 billion of payments in the fourth quarter of 2025, that annualised revenue rose 79 per cent to about US$1.1 billion and that the quarter's gross profit was almost US$150 million, with a small loss after most costs; Airwallex did not comment on these figures. In August 2026 Lucy Liu told a business magazine the company was EBITDA positive with a healthy gross margin, declining to give specific profitability figures; no financial statements of the group are among the retained records.","source_ids":["src-036","src-035","src-026","src-024","src-027","src-074","src-084"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","lucy-liu"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-res-group","c-res-q4-2025","c-res-ebitda-2026"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: According to the company, the group's annualised revenue was above US$100 million in late 2021, revenue was up 184 per cent year on year by October 2022, annualised revenue reached US$720 million in March 2025, when annualised payments volume exceeded US$130 billion, and passed US$1 billion in October 2025, with annualised transaction volume above US$235 billion. A business magazine reported that by March 2026 the group processed more than US$250 billion a year at a revenue run-rate of US$1.3 billion and was not yet profitable. These are company and press figures for the whole group, not audited accounts. An Australian newspaper reported in January 2026, citing unreported quarterly results relayed by a person familiar with the business, that Airwallex processed US$61 billion of payments in the fourth quarter of 2025, that annualised revenue rose 79 per cent to about US$1.1 billion and that the quarter's gross profit was almost US$150 million, with a small loss after most costs; Airwallex did not comment on these figures. In August 2026 Lucy Liu told a business magazine the company was EBITDA positive with a healthy gross margin, declining to give specific profitability figures; no financial statements of the group are among the retained records."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3f9032a1c1394d5e1ffeaeea","record":{"id":"display-claim-3f9032a1c1394d5e1ffeaeea","kind":"analysis","text":"The group's licensing disclosure lists its licensed companies by country: Airwallex Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd in Australia; AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento in Brazil; Airwallex (Canada) International Payments in Canada; Yunhui Pay in mainland China; Airwallex (Hong Kong), UniCard Solution and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong in Hong Kong; PT Skye Sab Indonesia; Airwallex (Israel); Airwallex Japan; AWX Lithuania; Airwallex (Malaysia); MexPago in Mexico; Airwallex (Netherlands) and Airwallex Capital (Netherlands); Airwallex (New Zealand); Airwallex (Singapore) and Airwallex Capital (Singapore); Paynuri in South Korea; Airwallex (UK); Airwallex US and AWX Capital US in the United States; and a Vietnamese member company holding an intermediary payment service licence. This is the group's own list; regulator records retained in the case confirm the entries for Australia, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Singapore, Hong Kong (UniCard and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong), Japan, Malaysia, the United Kingdom and Brazil.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","awx-au","awx-capital-au","awx-br-ip","awx-ca","yunhui","awx-hk","unicard","awx-capital-hk","skye-sab","awx-il","awx-jp","awx-lt","awx-my","mexpago","awx-nl","awx-capital-nl","awx-nz","awx-sg","paynuri","awx-uk","awx-us"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The group's licensing disclosure lists its licensed companies by country: Airwallex Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd in Australia; AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento in Brazil; Airwallex (Canada) International Payments in Canada; Yunhui Pay in mainland China; Airwallex (Hong Kong), UniCard Solution and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong in Hong Kong; PT Skye Sab Indonesia; Airwallex (Israel); Airwallex Japan; AWX Lithuania; Airwallex (Malaysia); MexPago in Mexico; Airwallex (Netherlands) and Airwallex Capital (Netherlands); Airwallex (New Zealand); Airwallex (Singapore) and Airwallex Capital (Singapore); Paynuri in South Korea; Airwallex (UK); Airwallex US and AWX Capital US in the United States; and a Vietnamese member company holding an intermediary payment service licence. This is the group's own list; regulator records retained in the case confirm the entries for Australia, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Singapore, Hong Kong (UniCard and Airwallex Capital Hong Kong), Japan, Malaysia, the United Kingdom and Brazil."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-2cedcfea7bc3b6386d33ff06","record":{"id":"display-claim-2cedcfea7bc3b6386d33ff06","kind":"analysis","text":"In the United Kingdom, Airwallex (UK) Limited has been an authorised electronic money institution under FCA reference 900876 since 26 November 2018; a second, cancelled entry under the same name has no stated date or reason. De Nederlandsche Bank lists Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. (Chamber of Commerce 77519256, LEI 724500FH0D6K3YH7TS78, seat Amsterdam) as an electronic money institution under relation number R179622, authorised since 30 April 2021 to issue e-money and provide payment services with an EU passport; Airwallex Netherlands Stichting holds customer funds as its third-party account entity and is included in DNB's supervision. According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex Capital (Netherlands) B.V. has been licensed by the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets since 31 July 2025 to receive, transmit and execute orders for participation rights in recognised money market funds, with a passport across the European Economic Area; the AFM register entry itself is not retained. The Bank of Lithuania lists AWX Lithuania, UAB (company code 305697289, authorisation code LB002102, Vilnius) as an electronic money institution licensed for unlimited activity from 6 October 2021, and as a currency exchange operator.","source_ids":["src-096","src-011","src-100","src-016","src-042","src-043"],"entity_ids":["awx-uk","awx-nl","awx-nl-stichting","awx-capital-nl","awx-lt"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-uk","c-lic-nl","c-lic-capital-nl","c-lic-lt"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In the United Kingdom, Airwallex (UK) Limited has been an authorised electronic money institution under FCA reference 900876 since 26 November 2018; a second, cancelled entry under the same name has no stated date or reason. De Nederlandsche Bank lists Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. (Chamber of Commerce 77519256, LEI 724500FH0D6K3YH7TS78, seat Amsterdam) as an electronic money institution under relation number R179622, authorised since 30 April 2021 to issue e-money and provide payment services with an EU passport; Airwallex Netherlands Stichting holds customer funds as its third-party account entity and is included in DNB's supervision. According to the licensing disclosure, Airwallex Capital (Netherlands) B.V. has been licensed by the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets since 31 July 2025 to receive, transmit and execute orders for participation rights in recognised money market funds, with a passport across the European Economic Area; the AFM register entry itself is not retained. The Bank of Lithuania lists AWX Lithuania, UAB (company code 305697289, authorisation code LB002102, Vilnius) as an electronic money institution licensed for unlimited activity from 6 October 2021, and as a currency exchange operator."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a595839b7ebd7e0465e92090","record":{"id":"display-claim-a595839b7ebd7e0465e92090","kind":"analysis","text":"The Monetary Authority of Singapore lists Airwallex (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. as a major payment institution licensed for account issuance, domestic and cross-border money transfer, merchant acquisition and e-money issuance, with Wu Kai named as key personnel; the licensing disclosure gives licence number PS20200541 and names Airwallex Capital (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. as holder of capital markets services licence CMS101830. In Hong Kong the disclosure lists Airwallex (Hong Kong) Ltd as a money service operator licensed by the Customs and Excise Department (licence 16-09-01929); the Hong Kong Monetary Authority lists UniCard Solution Limited as a stored value facility licensee (SVF0009) since 4 November 2016, and the Securities and Futures Commission shows Airwallex Capital Hong Kong Limited (CE number BUL570) licensed since 2 September 2024 for advising on securities and asset management, with no licence for virtual-asset services. Japan's Financial Services Agency lists Airwallex Japan K.K. (corporate number 1010401137711) as an electronic payment agency service provider (No. 119, 4 September 2023) and a second-type funds transfer service provider (No. 00100, from 8 September 2025), and the disclosure adds a registration as a credit-card-number handler. Bank Negara Malaysia lists Airwallex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1269761X) as a registered non-bank merchant acquirer and e-money issuer with foreign ownership, whose e-money products are a multi-currency digital wallet and a corporate Visa prepaid card; the disclosure adds a money services business licence. Airwallex (New Zealand) Ltd is registered on New Zealand's Financial Service Providers Register as FSP1001602, and Yunhui Pay Co. Ltd is listed as licensed by the People's Bank of China for Type I stored value accounts (Z2025844000016), both according to the disclosure only; no Chinese record of Yunhui Pay is retained and its ownership is not stated.","source_ids":["src-044","src-011","src-045","src-069","src-081","src-094","src-080"],"entity_ids":["awx-sg","kai-wu","awx-hk","unicard","awx-capital-hk","awx-jp","awx-my","visa","awx-nz","yunhui","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-sg","c-lic-hk","c-lic-jp","c-lic-my","c-lic-nz","c-lic-cn"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The Monetary Authority of Singapore lists Airwallex (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. as a major payment institution licensed for account issuance, domestic and cross-border money transfer, merchant acquisition and e-money issuance, with Wu Kai named as key personnel; the licensing disclosure gives licence number PS20200541 and names Airwallex Capital (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. as holder of capital markets services licence CMS101830. In Hong Kong the disclosure lists Airwallex (Hong Kong) Ltd as a money service operator licensed by the Customs and Excise Department (licence 16-09-01929); the Hong Kong Monetary Authority lists UniCard Solution Limited as a stored value facility licensee (SVF0009) since 4 November 2016, and the Securities and Futures Commission shows Airwallex Capital Hong Kong Limited (CE number BUL570) licensed since 2 September 2024 for advising on securities and asset management, with no licence for virtual-asset services. Japan's Financial Services Agency lists Airwallex Japan K.K. (corporate number 1010401137711) as an electronic payment agency service provider (No. 119, 4 September 2023) and a second-type funds transfer service provider (No. 00100, from 8 September 2025), and the disclosure adds a registration as a credit-card-number handler. Bank Negara Malaysia lists Airwallex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1269761X) as a registered non-bank merchant acquirer and e-money issuer with foreign ownership, whose e-money products are a multi-currency digital wallet and a corporate Visa prepaid card; the disclosure adds a money services business licence. Airwallex (New Zealand) Ltd is registered on New Zealand's Financial Service Providers Register as FSP1001602, and Yunhui Pay Co. Ltd is listed as licensed by the People's Bank of China for Type I stored value accounts (Z2025844000016), both according to the disclosure only; no Chinese record of Yunhui Pay is retained and its ownership is not stated."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-17b869d4dfcdfff7f16f30b5","record":{"id":"display-claim-17b869d4dfcdfff7f16f30b5","kind":"analysis","text":"Some of these licences came with acquisitions. A technology news site reported on 5 March 2021 that Airwallex had completed its acquisition of the Hong Kong prepaid card operator UniCard Solution after the Hong Kong Monetary Authority consented to Airwallex becoming a shareholder controller; a private-markets database records Airwallex Pty Limited as the buyer and lists Mastercard International Incorporated and Airwallex as current investors. The database is the only retained record naming the Australian company as buyer; the group's disclosure describes UniCard as a group member without naming its shareholder. A regional technology news site reported on 10 December 2025, citing an Airwallex statement, that the group had acquired majority ownership of PT Skye Sab Indonesia, holder of a category 1 payment service provider licence (Bank Indonesia licence 23/583/DKSP/Srt/B). A South Korean business newspaper reported on 22 January 2026 that Airwallex had acquired Paynuri, which holds electronic payment gateway and prepaid payment instrument licences and a foreign-exchange business registration; a Korean company database lists the former Paynuri under the name Airwallex Korea, with a representative whose name it renders as Kai Wu; the database does not identify that person further, so the person is not linked here to the group executive of that name. In neither case is the buyer within the group or the size of the stake stated, and no Korean regulator record is retained.","source_ids":["src-103","src-083","src-098","src-011","src-104","src-012","src-025"],"entity_ids":["unicard","awx-au","awx-group","mastercard","skye-sab","paynuri"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-unicard-2021","c-lic-id","c-lic-kr"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Some of these licences came with acquisitions. A technology news site reported on 5 March 2021 that Airwallex had completed its acquisition of the Hong Kong prepaid card operator UniCard Solution after the Hong Kong Monetary Authority consented to Airwallex becoming a shareholder controller; a private-markets database records Airwallex Pty Limited as the buyer and lists Mastercard International Incorporated and Airwallex as current investors. The database is the only retained record naming the Australian company as buyer; the group's disclosure describes UniCard as a group member without naming its shareholder. A regional technology news site reported on 10 December 2025, citing an Airwallex statement, that the group had acquired majority ownership of PT Skye Sab Indonesia, holder of a category 1 payment service provider licence (Bank Indonesia licence 23/583/DKSP/Srt/B). A South Korean business newspaper reported on 22 January 2026 that Airwallex had acquired Paynuri, which holds electronic payment gateway and prepaid payment instrument licences and a foreign-exchange business registration; a Korean company database lists the former Paynuri under the name Airwallex Korea, with a representative whose name it renders as Kai Wu; the database does not identify that person further, so the person is not linked here to the group executive of that name. In neither case is the buyer within the group or the size of the stake stated, and no Korean regulator record is retained."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-6f51cfd3f0726973944c9c98","record":{"id":"display-claim-6f51cfd3f0726973944c9c98","kind":"analysis","text":"Florida's corporate register lists five Airwallex limited liability companies registered as foreign entities: Airwallex US, LLC (M19000010601), Airwallex Capital (US) LLC, Airwallex Digital (US) LLC and Airwallex Commercelink (US) LLC, all active, and Airwallex Financing Services (US) LLC; the register shows names, numbers and status only, without members or managers. According to the licensing disclosure Airwallex US, LLC is licensed as a money transmitter in the listed US jurisdictions and AWX Capital US is a FINRA member firm. The disclosure also lists Airwallex (Canada) International Payments Ltd as registered with FINTRAC as a money services business (M19395067), licensed in Québec and applying to the Bank of Canada as a payment service provider, and Airwallex (Israel) Ltd (company number 516851961) as authorised by the Israel Securities Authority to provide payment services. On 15 January 2025 Airwallex announced that it had finalised the acquisition of MexPago, a Mexican electronic payment funds institution, and that its founder and chief executive Luis Castillejos Ordaz would become country manager for Mexico; the disclosure names the licensee as MexPago Transacciones, S.A.P.I. de C.V., licensed by Mexico's National Banking and Securities Commission. A deal database dates the acquisition to 19 October 2023, presumably the agreement, and the buyer within the group is not named.","source_ids":["src-070","src-011","src-066","src-052","src-054"],"entity_ids":["awx-us","awx-group","awx-ca","awx-il","mexpago","luis-castillejos"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lic-us","c-lic-ca","c-lic-il","c-lic-mx"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Florida's corporate register lists five Airwallex limited liability companies registered as foreign entities: Airwallex US, LLC (M19000010601), Airwallex Capital (US) LLC, Airwallex Digital (US) LLC and Airwallex Commercelink (US) LLC, all active, and Airwallex Financing Services (US) LLC; the register shows names, numbers and status only, without members or managers. According to the licensing disclosure Airwallex US, LLC is licensed as a money transmitter in the listed US jurisdictions and AWX Capital US is a FINRA member firm. The disclosure also lists Airwallex (Canada) International Payments Ltd as registered with FINTRAC as a money services business (M19395067), licensed in Québec and applying to the Bank of Canada as a payment service provider, and Airwallex (Israel) Ltd (company number 516851961) as authorised by the Israel Securities Authority to provide payment services. On 15 January 2025 Airwallex announced that it had finalised the acquisition of MexPago, a Mexican electronic payment funds institution, and that its founder and chief executive Luis Castillejos Ordaz would become country manager for Mexico; the disclosure names the licensee as MexPago Transacciones, S.A.P.I. de C.V., licensed by Mexico's National Banking and Securities Commission. A deal database dates the acquisition to 19 October 2023, presumably the agreement, and the buyer within the group is not named."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f2313d6b8a533908e1c1e9ee","record":{"id":"display-claim-f2313d6b8a533908e1c1e9ee","kind":"analysis","text":"In a press release of 4 June 2026 Airwallex announced the acquisition of Leapfin, a financial data automation platform specialising in revenue recognition and reconciliation. A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that Airwallex is incubating Metal, a cryptocurrency start-up led by Loong Wang and Catherine Porter that aims to be a blockchain for tokenised financial products and to help Airwallex process stablecoin payments; the corporate relationship between Airwallex and Metal is not described.","source_ids":["src-027","src-024"],"entity_ids":["leapfin","awx-group","metal"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ven-leapfin","c-ven-metal"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In a press release of 4 June 2026 Airwallex announced the acquisition of Leapfin, a financial data automation platform specialising in revenue recognition and reconciliation. A US business magazine reported in June 2026 that Airwallex is incubating Metal, a cryptocurrency start-up led by Loong Wang and Catherine Porter that aims to be a blockchain for tokenised financial products and to help Airwallex process stablecoin payments; the corporate relationship between Airwallex and Metal is not described."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-da9c615ceec7d48f6e8d7bb4","record":{"id":"display-claim-da9c615ceec7d48f6e8d7bb4","kind":"analysis","text":"On 22 January 2026 Bradley Brown, AUSTRAC's National Manager, Regulatory Operations, acting as delegate of its chief executive, issued Airwallex Pty Ltd a notice under subsection 162(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006. He stated that he had reasonable grounds to suspect that the company, a reporting entity, had contravened and/or was contravening sections 36, 41, 81 and 82 of the Act, and required it to appoint an external auditor. The notice records a suspicion that justifies an audit; it is not a finding that the Act was contravened. The company must engage the auditor within 14 days after AUSTRAC authorises a nominated individual, and the report is due to AUSTRAC within 180 days of the engagement. The audit covers 1 January 2024 to the date of the notice and must assess the company's money laundering and terrorism financing risk assessment, its transaction monitoring program (including child sexual exploitation risks), suspicious matter reporting under section 41, enhanced and ongoing customer due diligence, know-your-customer controls including duplicate accounts, and governance and board oversight under section 81. Failure to comply is an offence and a civil penalty provision. Airwallex said an external auditor was appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year; AUSTRAC has indicated that the report will inform what, if any, further action it takes and will not be made public, and no result is recorded up to October 2026.","source_ids":["src-009","src-092","src-072"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-notice","c-aus-notice-terms"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 22 January 2026 Bradley Brown, AUSTRAC's National Manager, Regulatory Operations, acting as delegate of its chief executive, issued Airwallex Pty Ltd a notice under subsection 162(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006. He stated that he had reasonable grounds to suspect that the company, a reporting entity, had contravened and/or was contravening sections 36, 41, 81 and 82 of the Act, and required it to appoint an external auditor. The notice records a suspicion that justifies an audit; it is not a finding that the Act was contravened. The company must engage the auditor within 14 days after AUSTRAC authorises a nominated individual, and the report is due to AUSTRAC within 180 days of the engagement. The audit covers 1 January 2024 to the date of the notice and must assess the company's money laundering and terrorism financing risk assessment, its transaction monitoring program (including child sexual exploitation risks), suspicious matter reporting under section 41, enhanced and ongoing customer due diligence, know-your-customer controls including duplicate accounts, and governance and board oversight under section 81. Failure to comply is an offence and a civil penalty provision. Airwallex said an external auditor was appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year; AUSTRAC has indicated that the report will inform what, if any, further action it takes and will not be made public, and no result is recorded up to October 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-dbd89625096fe6b24f4b70a7","record":{"id":"display-claim-dbd89625096fe6b24f4b70a7","kind":"analysis","text":"AUSTRAC announced the order the same day, describing the audited business as the Airwallex Designated Business Group, which according to the group's disclosure consists of Airwallex Pty Ltd, Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd. Its chief executive Brendan Thomas said AUSTRAC takes such action where it suspects serious non-compliance, and that it was concerned that Airwallex's transaction monitoring program had not been attuned to the full range of risks it faces, that the company had not demonstrated an acceptable understanding of who its customers are and what reporting may be required, and about how well it identifies and reports suspicious matters and oversees these obligations. The audit is at Airwallex's expense, and its results are to inform AUSTRAC whether further regulatory action is required. These are the regulator's concerns at the start of an audit, not its conclusions. An Airwallex spokesman said the company would cooperate and welcomed the audit as a transparent opportunity to independently validate its program, that it had zero tolerance for financial crime, that any customer unable to comply is promptly terminated, and that it expected the audit to validate its framework; the company added that AUSTRAC had audited its program in 2024 and an independent external auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025.","source_ids":["src-014","src-012","src-075","src-074","src-011"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac","awx-svf","awx-capital-au"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-release","c-id-dbg"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: AUSTRAC announced the order the same day, describing the audited business as the Airwallex Designated Business Group, which according to the group's disclosure consists of Airwallex Pty Ltd, Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd and Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd. Its chief executive Brendan Thomas said AUSTRAC takes such action where it suspects serious non-compliance, and that it was concerned that Airwallex's transaction monitoring program had not been attuned to the full range of risks it faces, that the company had not demonstrated an acceptable understanding of who its customers are and what reporting may be required, and about how well it identifies and reports suspicious matters and oversees these obligations. The audit is at Airwallex's expense, and its results are to inform AUSTRAC whether further regulatory action is required. These are the regulator's concerns at the start of an audit, not its conclusions. An Airwallex spokesman said the company would cooperate and welcomed the audit as a transparent opportunity to independently validate its program, that it had zero tolerance for financial crime, that any customer unable to comply is promptly terminated, and that it expected the audit to validate its framework; the company added that AUSTRAC had audited its program in 2024 and an independent external auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-4de3b66dc3e64336e1208e5c","record":{"id":"display-claim-4de3b66dc3e64336e1208e5c","kind":"analysis","text":"AUSTRAC's deputy chief executive Katie Miller told an Australian newspaper that Airwallex was one of several payment companies the agency had looked at, that a key concern was the use of payment platforms by \"money mules\" moving money for crimes such as online child sexual abuse, and that because Airwallex onboards customers almost entirely remotely the agency saw such platforms as a high-risk channel for illicit funds. She described sector risks and the agency's concerns without saying that wrongdoing had been established, and said Airwallex had cooperated, provided the information requested and made a range of changes and improvements in response to the agency's concerns.","source_ids":["src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-miller"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: AUSTRAC's deputy chief executive Katie Miller told an Australian newspaper that Airwallex was one of several payment companies the agency had looked at, that a key concern was the use of payment platforms by \"money mules\" moving money for crimes such as online child sexual abuse, and that because Airwallex onboards customers almost entirely remotely the agency saw such platforms as a high-risk channel for illicit funds. She described sector risks and the agency's concerns without saying that wrongdoing had been established, and said Airwallex had cooperated, provided the information requested and made a range of changes and improvements in response to the agency's concerns."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f43ee6ebb77188a73bb7781f","record":{"id":"display-claim-f43ee6ebb77188a73bb7781f","kind":"analysis","text":"An Australian newspaper reported that AUSTRAC ordered the audit because it suspects that payments by criminals for child sexual abuse material are hidden among the money flowing through Airwallex's systems, and an Australian financial newspaper reported that AUSTRAC had started investigating Airwallex six months before January 2026 over suspicions the platform was being used to fund child sexual abuse. The newspapers themselves state that these claims have not been proven; AUSTRAC's own notice and release refer to monitoring, reporting and governance obligations, with child sexual exploitation among the risks the monitoring must cover. Airwallex said its financial integrity systems are world class, and Jack Zhang defended the company on LinkedIn, writing that good decisions come from first principles and primary sources rather than headlines or hearsay.","source_ids":["src-074","src-089"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac","jack-zhang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-press-csam"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: An Australian newspaper reported that AUSTRAC ordered the audit because it suspects that payments by criminals for child sexual abuse material are hidden among the money flowing through Airwallex's systems, and an Australian financial newspaper reported that AUSTRAC had started investigating Airwallex six months before January 2026 over suspicions the platform was being used to fund child sexual abuse. The newspapers themselves state that these claims have not been proven; AUSTRAC's own notice and release refer to monitoring, reporting and governance obligations, with child sexual exploitation among the risks the monitoring must cover. Airwallex said its financial integrity systems are world class, and Jack Zhang defended the company on LinkedIn, writing that good decisions come from first principles and primary sources rather than headlines or hearsay."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-9e97be826edcce259c0d1262","record":{"id":"display-claim-9e97be826edcce259c0d1262","kind":"analysis","text":"A social-media post by an anti-money laundering consultancy, summarising a paywalled newspaper report, said that users from China had allegedly opened \"suspicious\" Airwallex accounts through New Zealand entities, bypassing stricter Australian controls and prompting scrutiny from AUSTRAC. The underlying report is not among the retained records, the post does not name the Airwallex company involved, and no regulator statement in the case mentions New Zealand accounts.","source_ids":["src-082"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-nz-accounts"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A social-media post by an anti-money laundering consultancy, summarising a paywalled newspaper report, said that users from China had allegedly opened \"suspicious\" Airwallex accounts through New Zealand entities, bypassing stricter Australian controls and prompting scrutiny from AUSTRAC. The underlying report is not among the retained records, the post does not name the Airwallex company involved, and no regulator statement in the case mentions New Zealand accounts."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-26ffd66c5d15ada1cf7a0070","record":{"id":"display-claim-26ffd66c5d15ada1cf7a0070","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex told a news agency that AUSTRAC had audited its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing program in 2024 and that an external, independent auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025, and a spokesman told an Australian newspaper that the 2024 audit found it had implemented appropriate systems and controls; no report of either audit is among the retained records. After the notice Zhang wrote on LinkedIn that Airwallex had never planned an IPO in 2026 \"or even next year\", and the company said it had no set timeline for listing; these are statements of intention, not a decision of any authority or exchange.","source_ids":["src-012","src-075","src-076","src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac","awx-group","jack-zhang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-prior-audits","c-aus-ipo"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex told a news agency that AUSTRAC had audited its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing program in 2024 and that an external, independent auditor had validated its Australian program in 2025, and a spokesman told an Australian newspaper that the 2024 audit found it had implemented appropriate systems and controls; no report of either audit is among the retained records. After the notice Zhang wrote on LinkedIn that Airwallex had never planned an IPO in 2026 \"or even next year\", and the company said it had no set timeline for listing; these are statements of intention, not a decision of any authority or exchange."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-59aa086b4cfc6a6a382daf6e","record":{"id":"display-claim-59aa086b4cfc6a6a382daf6e","kind":"analysis","text":"In April 2026 the group appointed Elana Rubin as independent chair of its Australian board and Sir Bill English as an independent non-executive director; the announcement does not name the legal entity whose board this is, and a Wesfarmers notice of September 2026 lists English as a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd and chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited, both since March 2026, and not of Airwallex Pty Ltd. The group also appointed Carolyn Renzin, based in New York, as Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer to lead its global regulatory and compliance program; a fintech trade publication reported plans to increase compliance spending by 70 per cent and the governance team by 50 per cent in 2026. An Australian financial newspaper wrote that Rubin and English would provide governance oversight to the group as it deals with the AUSTRAC investigation, a characterisation the company disputes: Lucy Liu said the appointments were not a direct response to AUSTRAC: \"It's not really about AUSTRAC. It's about improving our governance as we scale.\"","source_ids":["src-004","src-039","src-027","src-095","src-072"],"entity_ids":["elana-rubin","bill-english","awx-group","carolyn-renzin","jeanette-chan","austrac"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-au-board","c-lead-renzin","c-aus-governance-link"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In April 2026 the group appointed Elana Rubin as independent chair of its Australian board and Sir Bill English as an independent non-executive director; the announcement does not name the legal entity whose board this is, and a Wesfarmers notice of September 2026 lists English as a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd and chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited, both since March 2026, and not of Airwallex Pty Ltd. The group also appointed Carolyn Renzin, based in New York, as Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer to lead its global regulatory and compliance program; a fintech trade publication reported plans to increase compliance spending by 70 per cent and the governance team by 50 per cent in 2026. An Australian financial newspaper wrote that Rubin and English would provide governance oversight to the group as it deals with the AUSTRAC investigation, a characterisation the company disputes: Lucy Liu said the appointments were not a direct response to AUSTRAC: \"It's not really about AUSTRAC. It's about improving our governance as we scale.\""}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b8ba128ea236c947ea2a4220","record":{"id":"display-claim-b8ba128ea236c947ea2a4220","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex said in May 2026 that an external auditor had been appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year, and that it was co-operating fully with AUSTRAC and the auditor. An Australian newspaper reported in April 2026 that the audit was progressing in line with the regulator's timeframes, that the report would inform what further action, if any, AUSTRAC takes, and that it would not be made public. In April 2026 Liu said the audit was ongoing and that Airwallex had co-operated fully; in August 2026 she described the probe as industry-wide rather than company-specific, and Zhang said he believed it was part of an industry-wide effort to monitor fintech companies. AUSTRAC's published list of external-audit notices shows four issued in 2026, to Airwallex Pty Ltd, Binance Australia, MHITS Limited and Bankstown District Sports Club, and earlier notices including WorldRemit and Western Union in 2025; Airwallex Pty Ltd is the only Airwallex company on the list. No outcome of the audit is in the retained records up to October 2026.","source_ids":["src-092","src-072","src-084","src-085","src-024"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","austrac","lucy-liu","jack-zhang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-aus-auditor-appointed","c-aus-liu-industry"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex said in May 2026 that an external auditor had been appointed in February 2026, with the final report expected during the 2026 financial year, and that it was co-operating fully with AUSTRAC and the auditor. An Australian newspaper reported in April 2026 that the audit was progressing in line with the regulator's timeframes, that the report would inform what further action, if any, AUSTRAC takes, and that it would not be made public. In April 2026 Liu said the audit was ongoing and that Airwallex had co-operated fully; in August 2026 she described the probe as industry-wide rather than company-specific, and Zhang said he believed it was part of an industry-wide effort to monitor fintech companies. AUSTRAC's published list of external-audit notices shows four issued in 2026, to Airwallex Pty Ltd, Binance Australia, MHITS Limited and Bankstown District Sports Club, and earlier notices including WorldRemit and Western Union in 2025; Airwallex Pty Ltd is the only Airwallex company on the list. No outcome of the audit is in the retained records up to October 2026."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-232543e51eb23d0d7b2e6ab8","record":{"id":"display-claim-232543e51eb23d0d7b2e6ab8","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex said in 2021 that it had more than 40 banking partners worldwide. Its current customer-funds page says the group partners with banks around the world, names DBS, J.P. Morgan, Standard Chartered and ANZ among them, and offers customers the ability to spread funds across more than 60 banking partners. In the United States the page says Evolve Bank & Trust, a member of the FDIC, provides payment services to certain US customers as an Airwallex partner bank and holds their funds in an omnibus account for the benefit of Airwallex's customers, eligible for FDIC pass-through insurance. Airwallex launched its Yield product for Australian customers in 2024 in partnership with J.P. Morgan, offering a return on Australian and US dollar balances, as an accounting trade publication reported from the company's statement on 1 July 2024.","source_ids":["src-046","src-066","src-091"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","dbs","jpmorgan","stanchart","anz","awx-us","evolve"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-bank-partners","c-bank-evolve","c-bank-jpm-yield"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex said in 2021 that it had more than 40 banking partners worldwide. Its current customer-funds page says the group partners with banks around the world, names DBS, J.P. Morgan, Standard Chartered and ANZ among them, and offers customers the ability to spread funds across more than 60 banking partners. In the United States the page says Evolve Bank & Trust, a member of the FDIC, provides payment services to certain US customers as an Airwallex partner bank and holds their funds in an omnibus account for the benefit of Airwallex's customers, eligible for FDIC pass-through insurance. Airwallex launched its Yield product for Australian customers in 2024 in partnership with J.P. Morgan, offering a return on Australian and US dollar balances, as an accounting trade publication reported from the company's statement on 1 July 2024."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d0b1ddb45b767a1b8cca5737","record":{"id":"display-claim-d0b1ddb45b767a1b8cca5737","kind":"analysis","text":"In May 2021 Airwallex described itself as a principal member of Visa and Mastercard when it launched online card acceptance in Hong Kong, after the same service started in the United Kingdom and Europe in September 2020. A technology news site reported in April 2020 that it had introduced Borderless Cards in partnership with Visa and an integration with the accounting platform Xero, and in March 2019 that it plugged into partners such as Stripe to offer other financial services; the reports were based on company announcements and do not describe the contractual terms. A fintech trade publication reported in November 2021 that Airwallex business accounts connect with online stores such as eBay, Shopify and PayPal and with accounting packages such as Xero, without describing how each integration works. Brex's legal terms, in a version dated 5 November 2024, provide that its card program in the European Union is governed by Airwallex EU Card Terms, with Airwallex as the card issuer partner; the terms do not name which Airwallex company issues the cards. Airwallex's newsroom lists a collaboration with Visa on payments for freight platforms announced on 23 July 2026 and, on 13 August 2026, the addition of Affirm's pay-over-time options for US shoppers of Airwallex merchants. In 2017 Jack Zhang said Airwallex was already working with Tencent to lower back-end costs for its WeChat Pay service overseas, and that taking strategic investment from Tencent made sense because of the WeChat ecosystem; no agreement is among the retained records.","source_ids":["src-048","src-033","src-032","src-036","src-047","src-037","src-004","src-030"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","visa","mastercard","xero","stripe","ebay","shopify","paypal","brex","affirm","tencent","jack-zhang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-pay-card-schemes","c-pay-visa-xero","c-pay-integrations","c-pay-brex","c-pay-visa-affirm-2026","c-pay-tencent-wechat"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In May 2021 Airwallex described itself as a principal member of Visa and Mastercard when it launched online card acceptance in Hong Kong, after the same service started in the United Kingdom and Europe in September 2020. A technology news site reported in April 2020 that it had introduced Borderless Cards in partnership with Visa and an integration with the accounting platform Xero, and in March 2019 that it plugged into partners such as Stripe to offer other financial services; the reports were based on company announcements and do not describe the contractual terms. A fintech trade publication reported in November 2021 that Airwallex business accounts connect with online stores such as eBay, Shopify and PayPal and with accounting packages such as Xero, without describing how each integration works. Brex's legal terms, in a version dated 5 November 2024, provide that its card program in the European Union is governed by Airwallex EU Card Terms, with Airwallex as the card issuer partner; the terms do not name which Airwallex company issues the cards. Airwallex's newsroom lists a collaboration with Visa on payments for freight platforms announced on 23 July 2026 and, on 13 August 2026, the addition of Affirm's pay-over-time options for US shoppers of Airwallex merchants. In 2017 Jack Zhang said Airwallex was already working with Tencent to lower back-end costs for its WeChat Pay service overseas, and that taking strategic investment from Tencent made sense because of the WeChat ecosystem; no agreement is among the retained records."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-0de4b01917fcddec44e71c4c","record":{"id":"display-claim-0de4b01917fcddec44e71c4c","kind":"analysis","text":"Two Australian newspapers reported in April 2021 that National Australia Bank had cancelled transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers in 2018 and that Citigroup later declined Airwallex's application for banking services. According to the newspapers, NAB told Airwallex the decision followed a post-royal commission policy to limit exposure to low-revenue money services businesses, while multiple unnamed sources said the services were withdrawn over red flags about Airwallex's customers, suspicious transaction patterns and the abrupt exit of its head of compliance. A Citi spokeswoman confirmed that Citi declined the application because Airwallex did not meet the bank's risk criteria; NAB continued to provide residual services, such as payroll and rent, to the Australian entity. The newspapers stated that they did not suggest Airwallex facilitated money laundering, only that other banks had concerns about its ability to comply with anti-money laundering laws. An Airwallex spokeswoman said security and compliance were at the centre of every transaction and that the company did not cut corners; Airwallex said it was not aware of any concerns from NAB about payment transfers, that there was no instance of Citigroup rejecting it over any concerns and that it was in ongoing dialogue with Citi. Both banks had approached Airwallex for possible business in 2020; NAB ended those discussions in October 2020 and the Citi enquiries did not lead to business, according to the newspapers.","source_ids":["src-046","src-071"],"entity_ids":["awx-au","awx-group","nab","citigroup"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Two Australian newspapers reported in April 2021 that National Australia Bank had cancelled transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers in 2018 and that Citigroup later declined Airwallex's application for banking services. According to the newspapers, NAB told Airwallex the decision followed a post-royal commission policy to limit exposure to low-revenue money services businesses, while multiple unnamed sources said the services were withdrawn over red flags about Airwallex's customers, suspicious transaction patterns and the abrupt exit of its head of compliance. A Citi spokeswoman confirmed that Citi declined the application because Airwallex did not meet the bank's risk criteria; NAB continued to provide residual services, such as payroll and rent, to the Australian entity. The newspapers stated that they did not suggest Airwallex facilitated money laundering, only that other banks had concerns about its ability to comply with anti-money laundering laws. An Airwallex spokeswoman said security and compliance were at the centre of every transaction and that the company did not cut corners; Airwallex said it was not aware of any concerns from NAB about payment transfers, that there was no instance of Citigroup rejecting it over any concerns and that it was in ongoing dialogue with Citi. Both banks had approached Airwallex for possible business in 2020; NAB ended those discussions in October 2020 and the Citi enquiries did not lead to business, according to the newspapers."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-4d7c098985987c8aa140ddcd","record":{"id":"display-claim-4d7c098985987c8aa140ddcd","kind":"analysis","text":"The same report quoted a former NAB insider as saying NAB believed Airwallex was doing transactions that could not be explained, that its accounts had triggered a number of alerts in the bank's anti-money laundering department and that customers appeared to make rapid round-trip payments between accounts to inflate their businesses' valuations; multiple sources said Citi had been concerned that Airwallex wanted to do business with customers in sanctioned countries. These sources are anonymous and no bank record is among the retained documents; Airwallex denied dealing with customers in sanctioned countries. The newspapers also said more than 20 former employees had told them the firm pursued a \"grow at all costs\" strategy in which customer acquisition and retention were routinely prioritised over thorough due diligence and suspicious payments were often ignored or downplayed. An Airwallex spokeswoman rejected those claims, saying they did not represent the way the company conducts its business, that systems were in place to detect and review unusual or suspicious transactions, and that its compliance program had been reviewed by regulators, audited and confirmed by reputable international firms.","source_ids":["src-071"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","nab","citigroup"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-bank-insider","c-bank-former-staff"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The same report quoted a former NAB insider as saying NAB believed Airwallex was doing transactions that could not be explained, that its accounts had triggered a number of alerts in the bank's anti-money laundering department and that customers appeared to make rapid round-trip payments between accounts to inflate their businesses' valuations; multiple sources said Citi had been concerned that Airwallex wanted to do business with customers in sanctioned countries. These sources are anonymous and no bank record is among the retained documents; Airwallex denied dealing with customers in sanctioned countries. The newspapers also said more than 20 former employees had told them the firm pursued a \"grow at all costs\" strategy in which customer acquisition and retention were routinely prioritised over thorough due diligence and suspicious payments were often ignored or downplayed. An Airwallex spokeswoman rejected those claims, saying they did not represent the way the company conducts its business, that systems were in place to detect and review unusual or suspicious transactions, and that its compliance program had been reviewed by regulators, audited and confirmed by reputable international firms."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-211dfb41ee889338ab86471d","record":{"id":"display-claim-211dfb41ee889338ab86471d","kind":"analysis","text":"One of the newspapers confirmed in April 2021 that ANZ had provided transactional services to Airwallex since 2017 and that its venture arm ANZi Ventures had made two investments in the company. It reported that ANZ's policy prohibits clients such as Airwallex from taking on remitters as clients, and that internal Airwallex documents showed it had signed an agreement with the Chinese payments company Onerway in 2018, forecasting US$71 million of transactions for it that year, and was in discussions with at least 17 other money transfer businesses. The documents are not among the retained records, and the report does not say whether ANZ objected to these arrangements. An ANZ spokesman said the bank could not discuss individual customers but was fully aware of its legal obligations and conducts additional due diligence on businesses involved in international payments; Airwallex said it does not comment on specific customer matters, that it is open and frank with all its banking partners and that it adheres to their specific requirements.","source_ids":["src-046"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","anz","anzi","onerway"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-bank-anz"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: One of the newspapers confirmed in April 2021 that ANZ had provided transactional services to Airwallex since 2017 and that its venture arm ANZi Ventures had made two investments in the company. It reported that ANZ's policy prohibits clients such as Airwallex from taking on remitters as clients, and that internal Airwallex documents showed it had signed an agreement with the Chinese payments company Onerway in 2018, forecasting US$71 million of transactions for it that year, and was in discussions with at least 17 other money transfer businesses. The documents are not among the retained records, and the report does not say whether ANZ objected to these arrangements. An ANZ spokesman said the bank could not discuss individual customers but was fully aware of its legal obligations and conducts additional due diligence on businesses involved in international payments; Airwallex said it does not comment on specific customer matters, that it is open and frank with all its banking partners and that it adheres to their specific requirements."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-14094662f7a89d26f96ea09e","record":{"id":"display-claim-14094662f7a89d26f96ea09e","kind":"analysis","text":"In December 2025 Keith Rabois, a managing director of Khosla Ventures and a board director of the competing fintech Ramp, wrote on X that Airwallex was sending its US customers' data to China, claiming that its employee base in China and partial ownership by Tencent and HongShan (formerly Sequoia China) legally required it to hand US customer data to the Chinese government on request. This is an allegation by a director of a competitor, as reported by a business magazine; no authority has made such a finding in the retained records. Zhang denied the allegation, said Airwallex's Chinese engineers had no access to foreign user data and accused Rabois of circulating inaccurate claims for the benefit of one of his portfolio companies; in a June 2026 blog post he called the allegations \"patently false\" and wrote that US customer data is stored in the United States and cannot be accessed by staff based in China and Hong Kong. On 8 December 2025 an Australian financial newspaper reported that an Airwallex executive had raised concerns that the company's employees in China were requesting greater access to customer data, according to another newspaper's account of that report; the original article is not among the retained records.","source_ids":["src-024","src-074"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan","jack-zhang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-us-rabois","c-us-afr-exec"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In December 2025 Keith Rabois, a managing director of Khosla Ventures and a board director of the competing fintech Ramp, wrote on X that Airwallex was sending its US customers' data to China, claiming that its employee base in China and partial ownership by Tencent and HongShan (formerly Sequoia China) legally required it to hand US customer data to the Chinese government on request. This is an allegation by a director of a competitor, as reported by a business magazine; no authority has made such a finding in the retained records. Zhang denied the allegation, said Airwallex's Chinese engineers had no access to foreign user data and accused Rabois of circulating inaccurate claims for the benefit of one of his portfolio companies; in a June 2026 blog post he called the allegations \"patently false\" and wrote that US customer data is stored in the United States and cannot be accessed by staff based in China and Hong Kong. On 8 December 2025 an Australian financial newspaper reported that an Airwallex executive had raised concerns that the company's employees in China were requesting greater access to customer data, according to another newspaper's account of that report; the original article is not among the retained records."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-e11f7059f9bb73920dee3e4b","record":{"id":"display-claim-e11f7059f9bb73920dee3e4b","kind":"analysis","text":"In December 2025 Senator Tom Cotton wrote to the US Attorney General asking the Department of Justice to open a full investigation into whether Airwallex data was being accessed by the Chinese Communist Party; the retained records do not show whether any investigation was opened. On 17 June 2026 he wrote to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent asking CFIUS to open a national security review of Chinese investment in Airwallex and, if it confirmed the risk, to seek divestment of the Chinese stakes or at least impose conditions ending China-based access to American data. His letter says Airwallex operates as a US money transmitter processing sensitive data for American companies, that about 40 per cent of its employees work in China and that it moved more than 100 employees out of China; these are the senator's assertions, and no CFIUS decision is in the retained records. Lucy Liu declined to address the letter directly and referred to an earlier company statement; Zhang has called the allegations false and said Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent without a board seat. Airwallex invited third-party firms to audit its privacy and data controls and published a security assessment by Coalfire.","source_ids":["src-087","src-086","src-084","src-024"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent","hongshan"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-us-cotton-doj","c-us-cotton-cfius"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In December 2025 Senator Tom Cotton wrote to the US Attorney General asking the Department of Justice to open a full investigation into whether Airwallex data was being accessed by the Chinese Communist Party; the retained records do not show whether any investigation was opened. On 17 June 2026 he wrote to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent asking CFIUS to open a national security review of Chinese investment in Airwallex and, if it confirmed the risk, to seek divestment of the Chinese stakes or at least impose conditions ending China-based access to American data. His letter says Airwallex operates as a US money transmitter processing sensitive data for American companies, that about 40 per cent of its employees work in China and that it moved more than 100 employees out of China; these are the senator's assertions, and no CFIUS decision is in the retained records. Lucy Liu declined to address the letter directly and referred to an earlier company statement; Zhang has called the allegations false and said Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent without a board seat. Airwallex invited third-party firms to audit its privacy and data controls and published a security assessment by Coalfire."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b413cd044a7eef4e17836607","record":{"id":"display-claim-b413cd044a7eef4e17836607","kind":"analysis","text":"A US news site reported on 2 June 2026 that Michael Lucci, chief executive of the national security group State Armor, had written to congressional leaders including Senators Mike Crapo and Ron Wyden and Representatives French Hill and Maxine Waters, urging a formal investigation of Airwallex's reported ownership, operational and workforce ties to China, including a review by CFIUS, and citing Tencent's investment and its inclusion in January 2025 on the Department of Defense list of Chinese military companies. The article reports no congressional action. An Airwallex spokesman told a British financial newspaper that employee realignment became part of its growth plan when US Executive Order 14117 set new requirements on cross-border data flows in 2024, and that the company still has a significant presence in Shanghai and Hong Kong.","source_ids":["src-087"],"entity_ids":["awx-group","tencent"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-us-state-armor"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A US news site reported on 2 June 2026 that Michael Lucci, chief executive of the national security group State Armor, had written to congressional leaders including Senators Mike Crapo and Ron Wyden and Representatives French Hill and Maxine Waters, urging a formal investigation of Airwallex's reported ownership, operational and workforce ties to China, including a review by CFIUS, and citing Tencent's investment and its inclusion in January 2025 on the Department of Defense list of Chinese military companies. The article reports no congressional action. An Airwallex spokesman told a British financial newspaper that employee realignment became part of its growth plan when US Executive Order 14117 set new requirements on cross-border data flows in 2024, and that the company still has a significant presence in Shanghai and Hong Kong."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-91086356df7c50deb9ab35a4","record":{"id":"display-claim-91086356df7c50deb9ab35a4","kind":"analysis","text":"Cotton's letter attributes a combined stake of more than 20 per cent to Tencent and HongShan; Zhang has said that Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat, as a business magazine reports from the company's published response. Neither figure comes from a share register. A British financial newspaper reported in May 2026, according to a business magazine's summary, that Airwallex had started moving some China-based staff who did not work with Chinese customers out of the country, with a spokesperson saying the moves were due to data security; the newspaper's report itself is not among the retained records. Square Peg co-founder Paul Bassat, a large investor in Airwallex, told a business magazine he thinks Zhang and his co-founders are treated unfairly because they are ethnically Chinese; that is an investor's opinion.","source_ids":["src-084","src-086","src-024"],"entity_ids":["tencent","hongshan","awx-group","jack-zhang","square-peg"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fund-tencent-stake","c-us-staff-moves","c-us-bassat"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Cotton's letter attributes a combined stake of more than 20 per cent to Tencent and HongShan; Zhang has said that Tencent holds a passive stake of less than 10 per cent and does not have a board seat, as a business magazine reports from the company's published response. Neither figure comes from a share register. A British financial newspaper reported in May 2026, according to a business magazine's summary, that Airwallex had started moving some China-based staff who did not work with Chinese customers out of the country, with a spokesperson saying the moves were due to data security; the newspaper's report itself is not among the retained records. Square Peg co-founder Paul Bassat, a large investor in Airwallex, told a business magazine he thinks Zhang and his co-founders are treated unfairly because they are ethnically Chinese; that is an investor's opinion."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-54c61e8c1552bd9bdc1ef3f3","record":{"id":"display-claim-54c61e8c1552bd9bdc1ef3f3","kind":"analysis","text":"Accounts of Airwallex's founding differ in the number of founders. A technology news site in 2019 named four co-founders, Xijing Dai, Jack Zhang, Lucy Liu and Max Li, who started the company in Melbourne in 2015; a US business magazine names Jacob Dai, Lucy Liu and Max Li as Zhang's co-founders; an Australian newspaper in 2026 and a personal-finance magazine name five: Jack Zhang, Max Li, Lucy Liu, Xijing Dai and Ki-lok Wong. Jacob Dai and Xijing Dai are the same person, named here as in his Companies House record, and Ki-lok Wong's role is not described further. Zhang is the chief executive; before founding Airwallex he worked at the Australian banks ANZ and NAB. Airwallex's 2016 announcement describes him as a former ANZ and NAB foreign exchange solution designer, and a business magazine reports that he traded foreign currencies at NAB. Liu is the president, listed in a business magazine's 2025 ranking of the most powerful women in Asia with Singapore as her country; according to magazine profiles she previously worked at Barclays in Hong Kong and as an investment consultant at CICC in Shanghai, which she left in 2015. Personal details beyond her career are omitted. Dai has been a director of Airwallex Global Limited since 10 September 2026, his only UK appointment.","source_ids":["src-032","src-024","src-074","src-076","src-006","src-037","src-040","src-041","src-050"],"entity_ids":["jack-zhang","lucy-liu","xijing-dai","max-li","ki-lok-wong","awx-group","anz","nab","awx-global-uk"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-founders","c-lead-zhang","c-lead-liu","c-lead-dai"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Accounts of Airwallex's founding differ in the number of founders. A technology news site in 2019 named four co-founders, Xijing Dai, Jack Zhang, Lucy Liu and Max Li, who started the company in Melbourne in 2015; a US business magazine names Jacob Dai, Lucy Liu and Max Li as Zhang's co-founders; an Australian newspaper in 2026 and a personal-finance magazine name five: Jack Zhang, Max Li, Lucy Liu, Xijing Dai and Ki-lok Wong. Jacob Dai and Xijing Dai are the same person, named here as in his Companies House record, and Ki-lok Wong's role is not described further. Zhang is the chief executive; before founding Airwallex he worked at the Australian banks ANZ and NAB. Airwallex's 2016 announcement describes him as a former ANZ and NAB foreign exchange solution designer, and a business magazine reports that he traded foreign currencies at NAB. Liu is the president, listed in a business magazine's 2025 ranking of the most powerful women in Asia with Singapore as her country; according to magazine profiles she previously worked at Barclays in Hong Kong and as an investment consultant at CICC in Shanghai, which she left in 2015. Personal details beyond her career are omitted. Dai has been a director of Airwallex Global Limited since 10 September 2026, his only UK appointment."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-beb1b40ded02f69b42416d03","record":{"id":"display-claim-beb1b40ded02f69b42416d03","kind":"analysis","text":"Kai Wu was Greater China chief executive in May 2021 and in December 2022 became chief revenue officer and Asia-Pacific general manager, the group's first Singapore-based C-suite executive, after about five years in roles that included chief financial officer, according to a company announcement and a Singapore fintech news site; the employing company is not named. Companies House shows him as a director of Airwallex (UK) Limited since 16 January 2024 and of Airwallex Treasury (UK) Limited since 5 June 2026. Arnold Chan is Asia-Pacific general manager; a human-resources trade publication, in an interview profile that does not name his employing company either, reported that he joined about five years earlier to lead the SME business in Hong Kong and now oversees more than 200 commercial staff across the region. Jeanette Kim Yum Chan, who joined Airwallex in 2019 after serving from 1986 to 2019 as managing partner of the China practice of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, was its chief legal, compliance and risk officer in September 2022, when a release of Tencent Music Entertainment Group filed with the SEC announced her appointment as an independent director of that company. In April 2026 Airwallex appointed Carolyn Renzin, based in New York, as Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer, and a fintech trade publication reported that Chan's title became chief legal officer.","source_ids":["src-048","src-097","src-091","src-055","src-006","src-038","src-063","src-027","src-095"],"entity_ids":["kai-wu","awx-group","awx-uk","awx-treasury-uk","arnold-chan","jeanette-chan","tme","carolyn-renzin"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-kai-wu","c-lead-kai-wu-uk","c-lead-arnold-chan","c-lead-jeanette-chan","c-lead-renzin"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Kai Wu was Greater China chief executive in May 2021 and in December 2022 became chief revenue officer and Asia-Pacific general manager, the group's first Singapore-based C-suite executive, after about five years in roles that included chief financial officer, according to a company announcement and a Singapore fintech news site; the employing company is not named. Companies House shows him as a director of Airwallex (UK) Limited since 16 January 2024 and of Airwallex Treasury (UK) Limited since 5 June 2026. Arnold Chan is Asia-Pacific general manager; a human-resources trade publication, in an interview profile that does not name his employing company either, reported that he joined about five years earlier to lead the SME business in Hong Kong and now oversees more than 200 commercial staff across the region. Jeanette Kim Yum Chan, who joined Airwallex in 2019 after serving from 1986 to 2019 as managing partner of the China practice of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, was its chief legal, compliance and risk officer in September 2022, when a release of Tencent Music Entertainment Group filed with the SEC announced her appointment as an independent director of that company. In April 2026 Airwallex appointed Carolyn Renzin, based in New York, as Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer, and a fintech trade publication reported that Chan's title became chief legal officer."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f28f505efa5d16ed60c17fc0","record":{"id":"display-claim-f28f505efa5d16ed60c17fc0","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex appointed James Teodorini head of its Australian and New Zealand operations in January 2026, replacing Luke Latham, who had left as ANZ general manager at the end of 2024; Teodorini joined from the money-transfer group Thunes, where he led Asia-Pacific, and had worked with Currencycloud and Visa Direct in Singapore. The report does not name the employing company. He signed Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement as \"Director, Airwallex Pty Ltd\" on 18 June 2026. A New Zealand newspaper reported on 20 March 2025 that Airwallex had hired the Auckland-based Lowry Gladwell, formerly of Xero and Lightspeed, as its New Zealand lead and first local staff member, again without naming the employer. A copy of the New Zealand register lists three directors of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited: Teodorini (appointed 5 March 2026), Gladwell (19 March 2026) and Simon William English (20 March 2026), and the same site finds no other New Zealand directorships or shareholdings for Teodorini or Gladwell.","source_ids":["src-006","src-002","src-088","src-008","src-013","src-062"],"entity_ids":["james-teodorini","awx-group","awx-au","lowry-gladwell","awx-nz","bill-english"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-teodorini","c-lead-teodorini-au","c-lead-gladwell","c-lead-nz-board"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex appointed James Teodorini head of its Australian and New Zealand operations in January 2026, replacing Luke Latham, who had left as ANZ general manager at the end of 2024; Teodorini joined from the money-transfer group Thunes, where he led Asia-Pacific, and had worked with Currencycloud and Visa Direct in Singapore. The report does not name the employing company. He signed Airwallex Pty Ltd's modern slavery statement as \"Director, Airwallex Pty Ltd\" on 18 June 2026. A New Zealand newspaper reported on 20 March 2025 that Airwallex had hired the Auckland-based Lowry Gladwell, formerly of Xero and Lightspeed, as its New Zealand lead and first local staff member, again without naming the employer. A copy of the New Zealand register lists three directors of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited: Teodorini (appointed 5 March 2026), Gladwell (19 March 2026) and Simon William English (20 March 2026), and the same site finds no other New Zealand directorships or shareholdings for Teodorini or Gladwell."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-85c50789e1b101756ecb29a9","record":{"id":"display-claim-85c50789e1b101756ecb29a9","kind":"analysis","text":"Airwallex announced in April 2026 that Elana Rubin AM had been appointed independent chair of its Australian board and that Sir Bill English, appointed chair of its New Zealand board on 26 March, had joined the Australian board as an independent non-executive director. The announcement does not name the legal entity; Wesfarmers' notice of its 2026 annual general meeting lists English, a Wesfarmers director since April 2018, as chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited and a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd, each since March 2026, and does not list Airwallex Pty Ltd. An Australian financial newspaper described the board as overseeing Airwallex Australia's governance and reporting to the parent company led by Zhang, who said the appointments would bring deep governance and business expertise. Rubin is a non-executive member of the Reserve Bank of Australia's Governance Board and sat on the Reserve Bank Board from 31 August 2023 to 28 February 2025; she formerly chaired Afterpay, AustralianSuper and WorkSafe Victoria and is a director of Dexus and chair of the Australian Business Growth Fund and Infoxchange. English was New Zealand's Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016 and Prime Minister until October 2017, and left parliament in March 2018; he also chairs Mount Cook Alpine Salmon and Precision Technology Group. His other New Zealand company interests, including family companies, are listed in public registers and are not part of this dossier.","source_ids":["src-004","src-039","src-028","src-007","src-010","src-021"],"entity_ids":["elana-rubin","bill-english","awx-group","awx-holdings-au","awx-nz","jack-zhang","rba"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-au-board","c-lead-english-holdings","c-lead-board-oversight","c-lead-rubin","c-lead-english"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Airwallex announced in April 2026 that Elana Rubin AM had been appointed independent chair of its Australian board and that Sir Bill English, appointed chair of its New Zealand board on 26 March, had joined the Australian board as an independent non-executive director. The announcement does not name the legal entity; Wesfarmers' notice of its 2026 annual general meeting lists English, a Wesfarmers director since April 2018, as chairman of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited and a director of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd, each since March 2026, and does not list Airwallex Pty Ltd. An Australian financial newspaper described the board as overseeing Airwallex Australia's governance and reporting to the parent company led by Zhang, who said the appointments would bring deep governance and business expertise. Rubin is a non-executive member of the Reserve Bank of Australia's Governance Board and sat on the Reserve Bank Board from 31 August 2023 to 28 February 2025; she formerly chaired Afterpay, AustralianSuper and WorkSafe Victoria and is a director of Dexus and chair of the Australian Business Growth Fund and Infoxchange. English was New Zealand's Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016 and Prime Minister until October 2017, and left parliament in March 2018; he also chairs Mount Cook Alpine Salmon and Precision Technology Group. His other New Zealand company interests, including family companies, are listed in public registers and are not part of this dossier."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-fa5f07a735bf9bcf43eb7c97","record":{"id":"display-claim-fa5f07a735bf9bcf43eb7c97","kind":"analysis","text":"A board biography of Ian Osborne, co-founder and chief executive of Hedosophia, published by a listed company of which he is a non-executive director, lists Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among his current directorships. Osborne set up the consultancy Osborne and Partners in 2009, taking on DST Global as a client, and co-founded Hedosophia, which invested in Airwallex's 2026 Series H round. A British newspaper reported on 3 February 2026, drawing on emails released by the US Department of Justice, that from 2011 Osborne exchanged hundreds of emails with Jeffrey Epstein, proposed a strategy to rebuild Epstein's reputation, offered introductions to technology investors and British politicians, arranged visits to his island and sought financing from him, including a personal loan and funding for a US$60 million offshore investment vehicle; the emails also show preliminary discussions about creating Hedosophia. The report alleges no crime by Osborne and concerns events before and outside his role at Airwallex. Osborne said he was not aware of any crimes, never witnessed Epstein's illegal behaviour and wholeheartedly regrets the association; his spokesman said he visited the island only once, in April 2012, for less than 24 hours, that no financial arrangement took place and that Epstein made no investment in Hedosophia or his other vehicles, and DST Global said its advisory relationship with Osborne's company ended in February 2013. When retrieved in October 2026 the board biography still listed Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among his current directorships.","source_ids":["src-019","src-108","src-024","src-027","src-102"],"entity_ids":["ian-osborne","awx-cayman","hedosophia","dst","awx-group","addition","baillie-gifford","qed","t-rowe","haun","amex-ventures"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-lead-osborne","c-fund-series-h","c-lead-osborne-epstein"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A board biography of Ian Osborne, co-founder and chief executive of Hedosophia, published by a listed company of which he is a non-executive director, lists Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among his current directorships. Osborne set up the consultancy Osborne and Partners in 2009, taking on DST Global as a client, and co-founded Hedosophia, which invested in Airwallex's 2026 Series H round. A British newspaper reported on 3 February 2026, drawing on emails released by the US Department of Justice, that from 2011 Osborne exchanged hundreds of emails with Jeffrey Epstein, proposed a strategy to rebuild Epstein's reputation, offered introductions to technology investors and British politicians, arranged visits to his island and sought financing from him, including a personal loan and funding for a US$60 million offshore investment vehicle; the emails also show preliminary discussions about creating Hedosophia. The report alleges no crime by Osborne and concerns events before and outside his role at Airwallex. Osborne said he was not aware of any crimes, never witnessed Epstein's illegal behaviour and wholeheartedly regrets the association; his spokesman said he visited the island only once, in April 2012, for less than 24 hours, that no financial arrangement took place and that Epstein made no investment in Hedosophia or his other vehicles, and DST Global said its advisory relationship with Osborne's company ended in February 2013. When retrieved in October 2026 the board biography still listed Airwallex (Cayman) Limited among his current directorships."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-89658ecef9d8e55282ecc2f1","record":{"id":"display-claim-89658ecef9d8e55282ecc2f1","kind":"analysis","text":"A subscription service that reports offshore court filings lists a stop notice filed on 12 December 2018 in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands by Huashan Capital One Inc. regarding shares in Airwallex (Cayman) Limited owned by Hohen Investment Limited, with Airwallex (Cayman) Limited as respondent, Harneys as the applicant's attorneys and a 226-page filing. Only the listing is retained; the filing itself is behind a paywall. The listing describes a filing by Huashan Capital One, not a court decision, and its grounds and any outcome are unknown. A venture database describes Huashan Capital One as a Shanghai-based angel investment group whose latest recorded investment was the US$3 million Airwallex round of 5 July 2016; its registration details are not given.","source_ids":["src-005","src-068"],"entity_ids":["huashan","awx-cayman","hohen","awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-court-stop-notice","c-court-huashan-profile"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A subscription service that reports offshore court filings lists a stop notice filed on 12 December 2018 in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands by Huashan Capital One Inc. regarding shares in Airwallex (Cayman) Limited owned by Hohen Investment Limited, with Airwallex (Cayman) Limited as respondent, Harneys as the applicant's attorneys and a 226-page filing. Only the listing is retained; the filing itself is behind a paywall. The listing describes a filing by Huashan Capital One, not a court decision, and its grounds and any outcome are unknown. A venture database describes Huashan Capital One as a Shanghai-based angel investment group whose latest recorded investment was the US$3 million Airwallex round of 5 July 2016; its registration details are not given."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-44b309699e46ee462377ff82","record":{"id":"display-claim-44b309699e46ee462377ff82","kind":"analysis","text":"A search of a public Australian legal information database for \"Airwallex\" returned nine documents: three Senate select committee reports on financial technology (2020 and 2021), two law journal articles, and four decisions, [2024] VCC 1323, Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) [2025] VSC 755, [2026] ARTA 498 and [2026] FWC 2120. Airwallex is not named as a party in any of them. The search covers one legal database and does not establish that no other proceedings exist, for example outside Australia or unreported.","source_ids":["src-067"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-court-austlii"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A search of a public Australian legal information database for \"Airwallex\" returned nine documents: three Senate select committee reports on financial technology (2020 and 2021), two law journal articles, and four decisions, [2024] VCC 1323, Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) [2025] VSC 755, [2026] ARTA 498 and [2026] FWC 2120. Airwallex is not named as a party in any of them. The search covers one legal database and does not establish that no other proceedings exist, for example outside Australia or unreported."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-5f77f5e8706d76ec73cdb5fe","record":{"id":"display-claim-5f77f5e8706d76ec73cdb5fe","kind":"analysis","text":"In [2024] VCC 1323 the County Court of Victoria, sentencing on 23 August 2024 a man who had pleaded guilty to dealing with money he believed to be proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more and to drug offences, recorded that on 24 November 2021 he transferred 211,698.30 yuan (about $45,860) from the Airwallex account of his trading company to a Chinese bank account and $4,000 to another account; these transactions formed part of the money-dealing charge. Airwallex was not a party, and the decision does not discuss its conduct or name the Airwallex company that held the account. In Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) the Supreme Court of Victoria noted on 5 December 2025 that the director's report on the affairs of Eratos (Aust) Pty Ltd disclosed two bank accounts, with Bank Australia and Airwallex, holding $53,863 in total; Airwallex appears only as an account provider. In [2026] ARTA 498 (13 March 2026) the Administrative Review Tribunal relied on Airwallex account statements showing deposits of $21,107.33 as evidence of a taxpayer's income, making no finding about Airwallex.","source_ids":["src-079","src-107","src-090","src-101"],"entity_ids":["awx-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-court-vcc","c-court-eratos","c-court-arta"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In [2024] VCC 1323 the County Court of Victoria, sentencing on 23 August 2024 a man who had pleaded guilty to dealing with money he believed to be proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more and to drug offences, recorded that on 24 November 2021 he transferred 211,698.30 yuan (about $45,860) from the Airwallex account of his trading company to a Chinese bank account and $4,000 to another account; these transactions formed part of the money-dealing charge. Airwallex was not a party, and the decision does not discuss its conduct or name the Airwallex company that held the account. In Re Eratos Group Pty Ltd (in liq) the Supreme Court of Victoria noted on 5 December 2025 that the director's report on the affairs of Eratos (Aust) Pty Ltd disclosed two bank accounts, with Bank Australia and Airwallex, holding $53,863 in total; Airwallex appears only as an account provider. In [2026] ARTA 498 (13 March 2026) the Administrative Review Tribunal relied on Airwallex account statements showing deposits of $21,107.33 as evidence of a taxpayer's income, making no finding about Airwallex."}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"awx-au","record":{"id":"awx-au","name":"Airwallex Pty Ltd","type":"organization","group":"subject","claim_ids":["c-id-registration","c-id-location","c-id-modern-slavery","c-id-afsl","c-id-dbg","c-id-buy-nsw","c-id-asic-filing","c-id-au-entities","c-id-capital","c-id-svf-safeguard","c-str-cayman-ultimate","c-str-au-transfer-2023","c-str-parent-investment-2022","c-lic-overview","c-lic-unicard-2021","c-aus-notice","c-aus-notice-terms","c-aus-release","c-aus-prior-audits","c-aus-miller","c-aus-press-csam","c-aus-auditor-appointed","c-aus-liu-industry","c-bank-nab-citi","c-lead-teodorini-au","c-res-au-2022","c-res-au-2024-2025"],"badges":[{"label":"AUSTRAC notice requiring an external AML/CTF audit (January 2026); contraventions suspected, not found","claim_ids":["c-aus-notice","c-aus-release","c-aus-miller"],"code":"A1","category":"REGULATORY_ACTION","subject_id":"awx-au"},{"label":"Press reports on suspected criminal payments behind the AUSTRAC audit (2026); unproven, denied","claim_ids":["c-aus-press-csam"],"code":"A2","category":"ADVERSE_MEDIA","subject_id":"awx-au"}],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"au","aliases":["Airwallex AU"],"identifiers":[{"scheme":"company_register","value":"609 653 312","issuer":"Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ACN)"},{"scheme":"other","value":"37 609 653 312","issuer":"Australian Business Register (ABN)"}],"same_as":["https://abr.business.gov.au/AbnHistory/View/37609653312"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Airwallex Pty Ltd (organization)"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"awx-cayman","record":{"id":"awx-cayman","name":"Airwallex (Cayman) Limited","type":"organization","group":"group_companies","claim_ids":["c-id-modern-slavery","c-id-capital","c-str-cayman-company","c-str-cayman-ultimate","c-str-au-transfer-2023","c-str-parent-investment-2022","c-str-nz-ownership","c-fund-robinhood-sec","c-fund-aggregator","c-lead-osborne","c-lead-osborne-epstein","c-court-stop-notice"],"badges":[{"label":"Respondent to a stop notice in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (2018); outcome unknown","claim_ids":["c-court-stop-notice"],"code":"A5","category":"CIVIL_LITIGATION","subject_id":"awx-cayman"}],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"ky","aliases":["Airwallex (Cayman) Ltd."],"identifiers":[{"scheme":"company_register","value":"307718"}],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Airwallex (Cayman) Limited (organization)"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"awx-group","record":{"id":"awx-group","name":"Airwallex group","type":"group","group":"group_companies","claim_ids":["c-id-modern-slavery","c-id-asic-filing","c-id-svf-safeguard","c-str-cayman-ultimate","c-str-au-transfer-2023","c-str-headquarters","c-str-scale-2026","c-fund-seed","c-fund-pre-a","c-fund-series-a","c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d","c-fund-series-e","c-fund-series-e-2022","c-fund-series-f","c-fund-series-g","c-fund-series-h","c-fund-totals","c-fund-aggregator","c-fund-zhang-stake","c-fund-no-comment","c-fund-square-peg-largest","c-fund-tencent-stake","c-fund-capital49","c-lic-overview","c-lic-cn","c-lic-id","c-lic-kr","c-lic-unicard-2021","c-lic-us","c-lic-mx","c-lic-br","c-lic-unipay","c-aus-ipo","c-aus-nz-accounts","c-aus-governance-link","c-bank-nab-citi","c-bank-insider","c-bank-former-staff","c-bank-anz","c-bank-partners","c-bank-evolve","c-bank-jpm-yield","c-pay-card-schemes","c-pay-visa-xero","c-pay-integrations","c-pay-brex","c-pay-visa-affirm-2026","c-pay-tencent-wechat","c-us-rabois","c-us-afr-exec","c-us-cotton-doj","c-us-cotton-cfius","c-us-state-armor","c-us-staff-moves","c-us-bassat","c-lead-founders","c-lead-zhang","c-lead-liu","c-lead-dai","c-lead-kai-wu","c-lead-arnold-chan","c-lead-renzin","c-lead-jeanette-chan","c-lead-teodorini","c-lead-gladwell","c-lead-au-board","c-lead-board-oversight","c-court-huashan-profile","c-court-austlii","c-court-vcc","c-court-eratos","c-court-arta","c-res-au-activity","c-res-anz-2023","c-res-group","c-res-q4-2025","c-res-ebitda-2026","c-ven-leapfin","c-ven-metal"],"badges":[{"label":"Press reports of bank exits and former staff accounts (2018–2021); denied","claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi","c-bank-insider","c-bank-former-staff"],"code":"A3","category":"ADVERSE_MEDIA","subject_id":"awx-group"},{"label":"US calls to investigate China ties and data access (2025–2026); denied","claim_ids":["c-us-rabois","c-us-afr-exec","c-us-cotton-doj","c-us-cotton-cfius","c-us-state-armor"],"code":"A4","category":"ADVERSE_MEDIA","subject_id":"awx-group"}],"subtype":"other","aliases":["Airwallex"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Airwallex group (group)"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"awx-holdings-au","record":{"id":"awx-holdings-au","name":"Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd","type":"organization","group":"group_companies","claim_ids":["c-id-au-entities","c-id-holdings","c-lead-english-holdings"],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"au","identifiers":[{"scheme":"company_register","value":"696 551 185","issuer":"Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ACN)"},{"scheme":"other","value":"80 696 551 185","issuer":"Australian Business Register (ABN)"}],"same_as":["https://abr.business.gov.au/ABN/View?abn=80696551185"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (organization)"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"awx-capital-au","record":{"id":"awx-capital-au","name":"Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd","type":"organization","group":"group_companies","claim_ids":["c-id-afsl","c-id-dbg","c-id-au-entities","c-id-capital","c-id-svf-safeguard","c-lic-overview"],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"au","identifiers":[{"scheme":"company_register","value":"661 618 819","issuer":"Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ACN)"},{"scheme":"other","value":"12 661 618 819","issuer":"Australian Business Register (ABN)"}],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd (organization)"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"awx-svf","record":{"id":"awx-svf","name":"Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd","type":"organization","group":"group_companies","claim_ids":["c-id-dbg","c-id-au-entities","c-id-svf-safeguard"],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"au","identifiers":[{"scheme":"other","value":"72 672 923 438","issuer":"Australian Business Register (ABN)"}],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Airwallex SVF Pty Ltd (organization)"}
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{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"paypal","record":{"id":"paypal","name":"PayPal","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-pay-integrations"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"PayPal (organization)"}
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{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"affirm","record":{"id":"affirm","name":"Affirm","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-pay-visa-affirm-2026"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Affirm (organization)"}
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{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"entities","id":"rba","record":{"id":"rba","name":"Reserve Bank of Australia","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-lead-rubin"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"au","aliases":["RBA"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Reserve Bank of Australia (organization)"}
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{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cayman-nz","record":{"id":"r-cayman-nz","from":"awx-cayman","to":"awx-nz","status":"documented","role":"Sole shareholder (6,000,001 shares) and ultimate holding company","period":"As of October 2026 (register copy)","claim_ids":["c-str-nz-ownership"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-cayman → awx-nz: Sole shareholder (6,000,001 shares) and ultimate holding company [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-au-nz-former","record":{"id":"r-au-nz-former","from":"awx-au","to":"awx-nz","status":"reported","role":"Former sole shareholder; transferred its 100% shareholding to the Cayman Islands","period":"Until 1 January 2023 (reported from the 2022 accounts)","claim_ids":["c-str-au-transfer-2023"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"awx-au → awx-nz: Former sole shareholder; transferred its 100% shareholding to the Cayman Islands [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-au-unicard","record":{"id":"r-au-unicard","from":"awx-au","to":"unicard","status":"reported","role":"Buyer of UniCard Solution Limited, according to a private-markets database","period":"March 2021","claim_ids":["c-lic-unicard-2021"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-au → unicard: Buyer of UniCard Solution Limited, according to a private-markets database [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-unicard","record":{"id":"r-group-unicard","from":"awx-group","to":"unicard","status":"documented","role":"Controlling shareholder after an acquisition completed with HKMA consent; UniCard is a member of the group","period":"From March 2021","claim_ids":["c-lic-unicard-2021","c-lic-overview"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → unicard: Controlling shareholder after an acquisition completed with HKMA consent; UniCard is a member of the group [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-mastercard-unicard","record":{"id":"r-mastercard-unicard","from":"mastercard","to":"unicard","status":"reported","role":"Investor in UniCard Solution Limited (Mastercard International Incorporated), per a private-markets database","period":"Undated profile","claim_ids":["c-lic-unicard-2021"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"mastercard → unicard: Investor in UniCard Solution Limited (Mastercard International Incorporated), per a private-markets database [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-capital-au-related","record":{"id":"r-capital-au-related","from":"awx-capital-au","to":"awx-au","status":"documented","role":"Related party: both described as wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited","period":"Stated in August 2025","claim_ids":["c-id-capital","c-id-afsl","c-id-svf-safeguard"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-capital-au → awx-au: Related party: both described as wholly owned subsidiaries of Airwallex (Cayman) Limited [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-au-capital-dbg","record":{"id":"r-au-capital-dbg","from":"awx-au","to":"awx-capital-au","status":"documented","role":"Fellow member of the same AUSTRAC Designated Business Group","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-id-dbg"],"kind":"legal","direction":"undirected","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-au → awx-capital-au: Fellow member of the same AUSTRAC Designated Business Group [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-au-svf","record":{"id":"r-au-svf","from":"awx-au","to":"awx-svf","status":"documented","role":"Holds the financial services licence under which Airwallex SVF is a corporate authorised representative (CAR 001313604); fellow member of the Designated Business Group","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-id-dbg","c-id-svf-safeguard"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-au → awx-svf: Holds the financial services licence under which Airwallex SVF is a corporate authorised representative (CAR 001313604); fellow member of the Designated Business Group [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-capital-k2","record":{"id":"r-capital-k2","from":"awx-capital-au","to":"k2","status":"documented","role":"Investment manager of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund, appointed by K2 as the fund's responsible entity","period":"Stated in August 2025","claim_ids":["c-id-capital"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-capital-au → k2: Investment manager of the Airwallex Yield Liquidity Fund, appointed by K2 as the fund's responsible entity [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-capital-jpm","record":{"id":"r-capital-jpm","from":"awx-capital-au","to":"jpmorgan","status":"documented","role":"Invests the Yield Liquidity Fund's money in low-risk assets through J.P. Morgan as partner","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-id-svf-safeguard"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-capital-au → jpmorgan: Invests the Yield Liquidity Fund's money in low-risk assets through J.P. Morgan as partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-uk-group","record":{"id":"r-uk-group","from":"awx-uk","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed in the UK as an electronic money institution","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-uk → awx-group: Group company licensed in the UK as an electronic money institution [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-nl-group","record":{"id":"r-nl-group","from":"awx-nl","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed in the Netherlands as an electronic money institution","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-nl → awx-group: Group company licensed in the Netherlands as an electronic money institution [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-capital-nl-group","record":{"id":"r-capital-nl-group","from":"awx-capital-nl","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed by the Dutch AFM for investment services","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-capital-nl → awx-group: Group company licensed by the Dutch AFM for investment services [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lt-group","record":{"id":"r-lt-group","from":"awx-lt","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed in Lithuania as an electronic money institution","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-lt → awx-group: Group company licensed in Lithuania as an electronic money institution [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sg-group","record":{"id":"r-sg-group","from":"awx-sg","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed in Singapore as a major payment institution","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-sg → awx-group: Group company licensed in Singapore as a major payment institution [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hk-group","record":{"id":"r-hk-group","from":"awx-hk","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed in Hong Kong as a money service operator","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-hk → awx-group: Group company licensed in Hong Kong as a money service operator [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-capital-hk-group","record":{"id":"r-capital-hk-group","from":"awx-capital-hk","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed by the Hong Kong SFC for advising on securities and asset management","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-capital-hk → awx-group: Group company licensed by the Hong Kong SFC for advising on securities and asset management [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-yunhui-group","record":{"id":"r-yunhui-group","from":"yunhui","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Listed in the group's licensing disclosure as the licensed payment company in mainland China","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"yunhui → awx-group: Listed in the group's licensing disclosure as the licensed payment company in mainland China [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-us-group","record":{"id":"r-us-group","from":"awx-us","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed as a money transmitter in US jurisdictions","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-us → awx-group: Group company licensed as a money transmitter in US jurisdictions [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-nz-group","record":{"id":"r-nz-group","from":"awx-nz","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company registered as a financial service provider in New Zealand","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-nz → awx-group: Group company registered as a financial service provider in New Zealand [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-br-ip-group","record":{"id":"r-br-ip-group","from":"awx-br-ip","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company authorised by the Banco Central do Brasil as a payment institution","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-br-ip → awx-group: Group company authorised by the Banco Central do Brasil as a payment institution [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ca-group","record":{"id":"r-ca-group","from":"awx-ca","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company registered as a money services business in Canada","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-ca → awx-group: Group company registered as a money services business in Canada [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-il-group","record":{"id":"r-il-group","from":"awx-il","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company authorised by the Israel Securities Authority for payment services","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-il → awx-group: Group company authorised by the Israel Securities Authority for payment services [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-jp-group","record":{"id":"r-jp-group","from":"awx-jp","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company registered with Japan's Financial Services Agency and Kanto Local Finance Bureau","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-jp → awx-group: Group company registered with Japan's Financial Services Agency and Kanto Local Finance Bureau [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-my-group","record":{"id":"r-my-group","from":"awx-my","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Group company licensed by Bank Negara Malaysia","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-overview"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-my → awx-group: Group company licensed by Bank Negara Malaysia [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-mexpago","record":{"id":"r-group-mexpago","from":"awx-group","to":"mexpago","status":"documented","role":"Acquirer; MexPago is described as a member of the group","period":"Deal dated 19 October 2023 by a database; acquisition finalised by January 2025","claim_ids":["c-lic-mx","c-lic-unipay"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → mexpago: Acquirer; MexPago is described as a member of the group [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-skye","record":{"id":"r-group-skye","from":"awx-group","to":"skye-sab","status":"reported","role":"Majority owner after an acquisition announced by Airwallex","period":"From December 2025","claim_ids":["c-lic-id","c-lic-overview"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → skye-sab: Majority owner after an acquisition announced by Airwallex [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-paynuri","record":{"id":"r-group-paynuri","from":"awx-group","to":"paynuri","status":"reported","role":"Acquirer of Paynuri, renamed Airwallex Korea in a company database","period":"January 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-kr","c-lic-overview"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → paynuri: Acquirer of Paynuri, renamed Airwallex Korea in a company database [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-unipay","record":{"id":"r-group-unipay","from":"awx-group","to":"unipay","status":"reported","role":"Acquirer, according to an Australian business magazine","period":"Reported in 2025","claim_ids":["c-lic-unipay"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → unipay: Acquirer, according to an Australian business magazine [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-leapfin","record":{"id":"r-group-leapfin","from":"awx-group","to":"leapfin","status":"documented","role":"Acquirer","period":"June 2026","claim_ids":["c-ven-leapfin"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → leapfin: Acquirer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-metal","record":{"id":"r-group-metal","from":"awx-group","to":"metal","status":"reported","role":"Incubator of the cryptocurrency start-up","period":"Reported in June 2026","claim_ids":["c-ven-metal"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → metal: Incubator of the cryptocurrency start-up [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-capital49-group","record":{"id":"r-capital49-group","from":"capital49","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Venture fund set up by the group's founders in cooperation with Airwallex to invest in its ecosystem","period":"From July 2021","claim_ids":["c-fund-capital49"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"capital49 → awx-group: Venture fund set up by the group's founders in cooperation with Airwallex to invest in its ecosystem [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-nl-stichting","record":{"id":"r-nl-stichting","from":"awx-nl","to":"awx-nl-stichting","status":"documented","role":"Customer funds held by the foundation as its third-party account entity under DNB supervision","period":"As of October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-nl"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-nl → awx-nl-stichting: Customer funds held by the foundation as its third-party account entity under DNB supervision [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-uk-psc","record":{"id":"r-zhang-uk-psc","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-uk","status":"documented","role":"Person with significant control (significant influence or control)","period":"From 6 April 2016","claim_ids":["c-uk-psc-uk"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-uk: Person with significant control (significant influence or control) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-uk-director","record":{"id":"r-zhang-uk-director","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"5 April 2016 to 19 January 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-zhang-director"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-treasury-psc","record":{"id":"r-zhang-treasury-psc","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-treasury-uk","status":"documented","role":"Person with significant control (significant influence or control)","period":"From 5 June 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-treasury"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-treasury-uk: Person with significant control (significant influence or control) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-global","record":{"id":"r-zhang-global","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-global-uk","status":"documented","role":"Sole subscriber of its one £1 share at incorporation; person with significant control holding 75% or more of shares and votes","period":"From 25 August 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-global-incorporation","c-uk-global-psc"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-global-uk: Sole subscriber of its one £1 share at incorporation; person with significant control holding 75% or more of shares and votes [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-global-director","record":{"id":"r-zhang-global-director","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-global-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 25 August 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-global-incorporation"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-global-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-global-usinv","record":{"id":"r-global-usinv","from":"awx-global-uk","to":"awx-us-inv-uk","status":"documented","role":"Relevant legal entity with significant control: 75% or more of shares and votes","period":"From 15 September 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-us-holding"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-global-uk → awx-us-inv-uk: Relevant legal entity with significant control: 75% or more of shares and votes [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-usinv","record":{"id":"r-zhang-usinv","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-us-inv-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 15 September 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-us-holding"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-us-inv-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liu-usinv","record":{"id":"r-liu-usinv","from":"lucy-liu","to":"awx-us-inv-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 15 September 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-us-holding","c-uk-liu-appointments"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"lucy-liu → awx-us-inv-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sood-usinv","record":{"id":"r-sood-usinv","from":"pranav-sood","to":"awx-us-inv-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 15 September 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-us-holding"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"pranav-sood → awx-us-inv-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sood-uk","record":{"id":"r-sood-uk","from":"pranav-sood","to":"awx-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 25 August 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-zhang-director"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"pranav-sood → awx-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liu-treasury","record":{"id":"r-liu-treasury","from":"lucy-liu","to":"awx-treasury-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 5 June 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-treasury","c-uk-liu-appointments"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"lucy-liu → awx-treasury-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liu-global","record":{"id":"r-liu-global","from":"lucy-liu","to":"awx-global-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director (first director at incorporation)","period":"25 August 2026 to 3 October 2026","claim_ids":["c-uk-global-incorporation","c-uk-global-changes","c-uk-liu-appointments"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"lucy-liu → awx-global-uk: Director (first director at incorporation) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-dai-global","record":{"id":"r-dai-global","from":"xijing-dai","to":"awx-global-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 10 September 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-dai","c-uk-global-changes"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"xijing-dai → awx-global-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kaiwu-uk","record":{"id":"r-kaiwu-uk","from":"kai-wu","to":"awx-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 16 January 2024","claim_ids":["c-lead-kai-wu-uk","c-uk-zhang-director"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"kai-wu → awx-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kaiwu-treasury","record":{"id":"r-kaiwu-treasury","from":"kai-wu","to":"awx-treasury-uk","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 5 June 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-kai-wu-uk","c-uk-treasury"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"kai-wu → awx-treasury-uk: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-brholding-brip","record":{"id":"r-brholding-brip","from":"awx-br-holding","to":"awx-br-ip","status":"documented","role":"Direct controller (controladora direta), as published by the central bank for objections","period":"Notice of 9 September 2024","claim_ids":["c-br-bcb-control"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-br-holding → awx-br-ip: Direct controller (controladora direta), as published by the central bank for objections [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liu-brip","record":{"id":"r-liu-brip","from":"lucy-liu","to":"awx-br-ip","status":"documented","role":"Final controller (controladora final), as published by the central bank for objections","period":"Notice of 9 September 2024","claim_ids":["c-br-bcb-control"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"lucy-liu → awx-br-ip: Final controller (controladora final), as published by the central bank for objections [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ytl-brholding","record":{"id":"r-ytl-brholding","from":"ytl-awx","to":"awx-br-holding","status":"documented","role":"Sole partner (foreign-domiciled company)","period":"From 19 July 2023 (registry data)","claim_ids":["c-br-holding"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"ytl-awx → awx-br-holding: Sole partner (foreign-domiciled company) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-invsg-br","record":{"id":"r-invsg-br","from":"awx-inv-sg","to":"awx-br","status":"documented","role":"Sole partner (foreign-domiciled company)","period":"From 27 March 2025 (registry data)","claim_ids":["c-br-airwallex-brasil"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-inv-sg → awx-br: Sole partner (foreign-domiciled company) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-br-address","record":{"id":"r-br-address","from":"awx-br","to":"awx-br-holding","status":"documented","role":"Same registered address, telephone and e-mail in the registry data","period":"As of October 2026","claim_ids":["c-br-airwallex-brasil"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"infrastructure","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-br → awx-br-holding: Same registered address, telephone and e-mail in the registry data [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-padovesi-brholding","record":{"id":"r-padovesi-brholding","from":"cesar-padovesi","to":"awx-br-holding","status":"documented","role":"Administrator; representative of the foreign partner","period":"From 5 June 2023","claim_ids":["c-br-holding","c-br-padovesi"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"cesar-padovesi → awx-br-holding: Administrator; representative of the foreign partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-padovesi-br","record":{"id":"r-padovesi-br","from":"cesar-padovesi","to":"awx-br","status":"documented","role":"Administrator; representative of the foreign partner","period":"From 16 February 2023","claim_ids":["c-br-airwallex-brasil","c-br-padovesi"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"cesar-padovesi → awx-br: Administrator; representative of the foreign partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-torres-brip","record":{"id":"r-torres-brip","from":"fernando-torres","to":"awx-br-ip","status":"documented","role":"Member of the board of executive officers (diretoria), approved by the central bank","period":"Approved 8 January 2025","claim_ids":["c-br-directors"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"fernando-torres → awx-br-ip: Member of the board of executive officers (diretoria), approved by the central bank [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cesar-brip","record":{"id":"r-cesar-brip","from":"mauricio-cesar","to":"awx-br-ip","status":"documented","role":"Member of the board of executive officers (diretoria), approved by the central bank","period":"Approved 8 January 2025","claim_ids":["c-br-directors"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"mauricio-cesar → awx-br-ip: Member of the board of executive officers (diretoria), approved by the central bank [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ribeiro-brip","record":{"id":"r-ribeiro-brip","from":"paulo-ribeiro","to":"awx-br-ip","status":"documented","role":"Member of the board of executive officers (diretoria), approved by the central bank","period":"Approved 8 January 2025","claim_ids":["c-br-directors"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paulo-ribeiro → awx-br-ip: Member of the board of executive officers (diretoria), approved by the central bank [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-group","record":{"id":"r-zhang-group","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder and chief executive officer","period":"From 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-zhang","c-lead-founders"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-group: Co-founder and chief executive officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-stake","record":{"id":"r-zhang-stake","from":"jack-zhang","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Shareholder; reported by a business magazine to own 12%","period":"Reported June 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-zhang-stake"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"jack-zhang → awx-group: Shareholder; reported by a business magazine to own 12% [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-anz","record":{"id":"r-zhang-anz","from":"jack-zhang","to":"anz","status":"documented","role":"Former employee (foreign exchange solution designer)","period":"Before 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-zhang"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jack-zhang → anz: Former employee (foreign exchange solution designer) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-nab","record":{"id":"r-zhang-nab","from":"jack-zhang","to":"nab","status":"documented","role":"Former employee (foreign exchange)","period":"Before 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-zhang"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jack-zhang → nab: Former employee (foreign exchange) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-zhang-capital49","record":{"id":"r-zhang-capital49","from":"jack-zhang","to":"capital49","status":"documented","role":"Founder of the fund","period":"From July 2021","claim_ids":["c-fund-capital49"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"jack-zhang → capital49: Founder of the fund [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liu-group","record":{"id":"r-liu-group","from":"lucy-liu","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Co-founder and president; provided the initial seed funding","period":"From 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-liu","c-lead-founders","c-fund-seed"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"lucy-liu → awx-group: Co-founder and president; provided the initial seed funding [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-dai-group","record":{"id":"r-dai-group","from":"xijing-dai","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Co-founder","period":"From 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-founders","c-lead-dai"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"xijing-dai → awx-group: Co-founder [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-li-group","record":{"id":"r-li-group","from":"max-li","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Co-founder","period":"From 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-founders"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"max-li → awx-group: Co-founder [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wong-group","record":{"id":"r-wong-group","from":"ki-lok-wong","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Co-founder, according to two reports","period":"From 2015","claim_ids":["c-lead-founders"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ki-lok-wong → awx-group: Co-founder, according to two reports [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kaiwu-group","record":{"id":"r-kaiwu-group","from":"kai-wu","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Executive: Greater China chief executive (2021); chief revenue officer and Asia-Pacific general manager (from December 2022); earlier chief financial officer","period":"Greater China CEO by May 2021; CRO and APAC GM from December 2022","claim_ids":["c-lead-kai-wu"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kai-wu → awx-group: Executive: Greater China chief executive (2021); chief revenue officer and Asia-Pacific general manager (from December 2022); earlier chief financial officer [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kaiwu-sg","record":{"id":"r-kaiwu-sg","from":"kai-wu","to":"awx-sg","status":"documented","role":"Key personnel listed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore","period":"As of October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-sg"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"kai-wu → awx-sg: Key personnel listed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-chan-group","record":{"id":"r-chan-group","from":"arnold-chan","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Asia-Pacific general manager; earlier head of the SME business in Hong Kong","period":"Joined about 2021; APAC GM by January 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-arnold-chan"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"arnold-chan → awx-group: Asia-Pacific general manager; earlier head of the SME business in Hong Kong [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-renzin-group","record":{"id":"r-renzin-group","from":"carolyn-renzin","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer","period":"From April 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-renzin"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"carolyn-renzin → awx-group: Chief Regulatory and Compliance Officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-jchan-group","record":{"id":"r-jchan-group","from":"jeanette-chan","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Chief legal, compliance and risk officer from 2019; chief legal officer from April 2026","period":"From 2019","claim_ids":["c-lead-jeanette-chan","c-lead-renzin"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jeanette-chan → awx-group: Chief legal, compliance and risk officer from 2019; chief legal officer from April 2026 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-jchan-tme","record":{"id":"r-jchan-tme","from":"jeanette-chan","to":"tme","status":"documented","role":"Independent director","period":"From September 2022","claim_ids":["c-lead-jeanette-chan"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"jeanette-chan → tme: Independent director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-castillejos-mexpago","record":{"id":"r-castillejos-mexpago","from":"luis-castillejos","to":"mexpago","status":"documented","role":"Founder and chief executive officer","period":"Until the acquisition (January 2025)","claim_ids":["c-lic-mx"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"luis-castillejos → mexpago: Founder and chief executive officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-castillejos-group","record":{"id":"r-castillejos-group","from":"luis-castillejos","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Country manager for Mexico","period":"From January 2025","claim_ids":["c-lic-mx"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"luis-castillejos → awx-group: Country manager for Mexico [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-teodorini-au","record":{"id":"r-teodorini-au","from":"james-teodorini","to":"awx-au","status":"documented","role":"Director (signed the company's modern slavery statement)","period":"As of 18 June 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-teodorini-au"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"james-teodorini → awx-au: Director (signed the company's modern slavery statement) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-teodorini-group","record":{"id":"r-teodorini-group","from":"james-teodorini","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Head of Australian and New Zealand operations","period":"From January 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-teodorini"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"james-teodorini → awx-group: Head of Australian and New Zealand operations [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-teodorini-nz","record":{"id":"r-teodorini-nz","from":"james-teodorini","to":"awx-nz","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 5 March 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-nz-board"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"james-teodorini → awx-nz: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gladwell-nz","record":{"id":"r-gladwell-nz","from":"lowry-gladwell","to":"awx-nz","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 19 March 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-nz-board"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"lowry-gladwell → awx-nz: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gladwell-group","record":{"id":"r-gladwell-group","from":"lowry-gladwell","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"New Zealand lead and first local staff member","period":"From early 2025","claim_ids":["c-lead-gladwell"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"lowry-gladwell → awx-group: New Zealand lead and first local staff member [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-english-nz","record":{"id":"r-english-nz","from":"bill-english","to":"awx-nz","status":"documented","role":"Director (from 20 March 2026) and chair of the board (from 26 March 2026)","period":"From March 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-nz-board","c-lead-english-holdings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"bill-english → awx-nz: Director (from 20 March 2026) and chair of the board (from 26 March 2026) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-english-holdings","record":{"id":"r-english-holdings","from":"bill-english","to":"awx-holdings-au","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From March 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-english-holdings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"bill-english → awx-holdings-au: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-english-group","record":{"id":"r-english-group","from":"bill-english","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Independent non-executive director of the Australian board (legal entity not named)","period":"From April 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-au-board","c-lead-board-oversight","c-aus-governance-link"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"bill-english → awx-group: Independent non-executive director of the Australian board (legal entity not named) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rubin-group","record":{"id":"r-rubin-group","from":"elana-rubin","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Independent chair of the Australian board (legal entity not named)","period":"From April 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-au-board","c-lead-board-oversight","c-aus-governance-link"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"elana-rubin → awx-group: Independent chair of the Australian board (legal entity not named) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rubin-rba-gov","record":{"id":"r-rubin-rba-gov","from":"elana-rubin","to":"rba","status":"documented","role":"Non-executive member of the Governance Board","period":"As of October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-rubin"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"elana-rubin → rba: Non-executive member of the Governance Board [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rubin-rba-board","record":{"id":"r-rubin-rba-board","from":"elana-rubin","to":"rba","status":"documented","role":"Member of the Reserve Bank Board","period":"31 August 2023 to 28 February 2025","claim_ids":["c-lead-rubin"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"elana-rubin → rba: Member of the Reserve Bank Board [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-osborne-cayman","record":{"id":"r-osborne-cayman","from":"ian-osborne","to":"awx-cayman","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"Listed as a current directorship in 2026","claim_ids":["c-lead-osborne"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ian-osborne → awx-cayman: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-osborne-hedosophia","record":{"id":"r-osborne-hedosophia","from":"ian-osborne","to":"hedosophia","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder, director and chief executive","period":"Co-founded 2012","claim_ids":["c-lead-osborne","c-lead-osborne-epstein"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ian-osborne → hedosophia: Co-founder, director and chief executive [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-osborne-dst","record":{"id":"r-osborne-dst","from":"ian-osborne","to":"dst","status":"documented","role":"Adviser to DST Global through his consultancy Osborne and Partners","period":"From 2009 to February 2013","claim_ids":["c-lead-osborne","c-lead-osborne-epstein"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ian-osborne → dst: Adviser to DST Global through his consultancy Osborne and Partners [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-tencent-group","record":{"id":"r-tencent-group","from":"tencent","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor: led Series A (2017), co-led Series B (2018), took part in Series C (2019), D (2020) and the Series E extension (2022); stake reported by Zhang as a passive holding below 10%","period":"From May 2017","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-a","c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d","c-fund-series-e-2022","c-fund-tencent-stake","c-fund-no-comment","c-fund-square-peg-largest","c-us-rabois"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"tencent → awx-group: Investor: led Series A (2017), co-led Series B (2018), took part in Series C (2019), D (2020) and the Series E extension (2022); stake reported by Zhang as a passive holding below 10% [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-tencent-wechat","record":{"id":"r-tencent-wechat","from":"tencent","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Business partner: Airwallex worked with Tencent to lower back-end costs of WeChat Pay overseas","period":"Described in May 2017","claim_ids":["c-pay-tencent-wechat"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"tencent → awx-group: Business partner: Airwallex worked with Tencent to lower back-end costs of WeChat Pay overseas [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hongshan-group","record":{"id":"r-hongshan-group","from":"hongshan","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor (as Sequoia China): Series A (2017), co-led Series B (2018), Series C (2019), D (2020), E and E1 (2021), Series E extension (2022)","period":"From May 2017","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-a","c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d","c-fund-series-e","c-fund-series-e-2022","c-fund-tencent-stake","c-fund-square-peg-largest","c-us-rabois"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"hongshan → awx-group: Investor (as Sequoia China): Series A (2017), co-led Series B (2018), Series C (2019), D (2020), E and E1 (2021), Series E extension (2022) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-mastercard-group","record":{"id":"r-mastercard-group","from":"mastercard","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor in the Series A round","period":"May 2017","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-a"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"mastercard → awx-group: Investor in the Series A round [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gobi-group","record":{"id":"r-gobi-group","from":"gobi","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor: led the pre-Series A round (2016); took part in Series A (2017) and Series C (2019)","period":"From July 2016","claim_ids":["c-fund-pre-a","c-fund-series-a","c-fund-series-c"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gobi → awx-group: Investor: led the pre-Series A round (2016); took part in Series A (2017) and Series C (2019) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gravity-group","record":{"id":"r-gravity-group","from":"gravity","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the pre-Series A round","period":"July 2016","claim_ids":["c-fund-pre-a"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gravity → awx-group: Investor in the pre-Series A round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-huashan-group","record":{"id":"r-huashan-group","from":"huashan","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Angel investor in the pre-Series A round","period":"July 2016","claim_ids":["c-fund-pre-a","c-court-huashan-profile"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"huashan → awx-group: Angel investor in the pre-Series A round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-huashan-cayman","record":{"id":"r-huashan-cayman","from":"huashan","to":"awx-cayman","status":"reported","role":"Applicant in a stop notice filed in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands regarding shares in the company held by Hohen Investment Limited","period":"Filed 12 December 2018; outcome unknown","claim_ids":["c-court-stop-notice"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"huashan → awx-cayman: Applicant in a stop notice filed in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands regarding shares in the company held by Hohen Investment Limited [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hohen-cayman","record":{"id":"r-hohen-cayman","from":"hohen","to":"awx-cayman","status":"reported","role":"Shareholder whose shares were the subject of the 2018 stop notice, according to a listing of offshore court filings","period":"As of December 2018","claim_ids":["c-court-stop-notice"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"hohen → awx-cayman: Shareholder whose shares were the subject of the 2018 stop notice, according to a listing of offshore court filings [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-squarepeg-group","record":{"id":"r-squarepeg-group","from":"square-peg","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor: Series A+ (December 2017), Series B (2018), Series C (2019) and Series F (2025); reported in 2026 to hold the largest stake; no board seat (2021)","period":"Shareholder since 2017","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-f","c-fund-square-peg-largest","c-fund-totals","c-us-bassat"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"square-peg → awx-group: Investor: Series A+ (December 2017), Series B (2018), Series C (2019) and Series F (2025); reported in 2026 to hold the largest stake; no board seat (2021) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hillhouse-group","record":{"id":"r-hillhouse-group","from":"hillhouse","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor: Series B (2018), Series C (2019) and Series D (2020)","period":"From July 2018","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"hillhouse → awx-group: Investor: Series B (2018), Series C (2019) and Series D (2020) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-horizons-group","record":{"id":"r-horizons-group","from":"horizons","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor: Series B (2018), Series C (2019) and Series D (2020)","period":"From July 2018","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-b","c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"horizons → awx-group: Investor: Series B (2018), Series C (2019) and Series D (2020) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-centralcap-group","record":{"id":"r-centralcap-group","from":"central-capital","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor in the Series B round","period":"July 2018","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-b"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"central-capital → awx-group: Investor in the Series B round [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-dst-group","record":{"id":"r-dst-group","from":"dst","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor: led Series C (2019); took part in Series D (2020), E (2021) and F (2025)","period":"From March 2019","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-c","c-fund-series-d","c-fund-series-e","c-fund-series-f"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"dst → awx-group: Investor: led Series C (2019); took part in Series D (2020), E (2021) and F (2025) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-anzi-group","record":{"id":"r-anzi-group","from":"anzi","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor (ANZ's venture arm, later 1835i Ventures): Series D (2020), Series E and E1 (2021)","period":"From April 2020","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-d","c-fund-series-e","c-bank-anz"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"anzi → awx-group: Investor (ANZ's venture arm, later 1835i Ventures): Series D (2020), Series E and E1 (2021) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-salesforce-group","record":{"id":"r-salesforce-group","from":"salesforce-ventures","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor: Series D (2020), Series E (2021) and Series F (2025)","period":"From April 2020","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-d","c-fund-series-e","c-fund-series-f"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"salesforce-ventures → awx-group: Investor: Series D (2020), Series E (2021) and Series F (2025) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lonepine-group","record":{"id":"r-lonepine-group","from":"lone-pine","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor: led Series E and E1 (2021); took part in the Series E extension (2022) and Series F (2025)","period":"From September 2021","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e","c-fund-series-e-2022","c-fund-series-f"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"lone-pine → awx-group: Investor: led Series E and E1 (2021); took part in the Series E extension (2022) and Series F (2025) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gsquared-group","record":{"id":"r-gsquared-group","from":"g-squared","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor in the Series E round","period":"September 2021","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"g-squared → awx-group: Investor in the Series E round [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-vetamer-group","record":{"id":"r-vetamer-group","from":"vetamer","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor in the Series E round","period":"September 2021","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"vetamer → awx-group: Investor in the Series E round [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hostplus-group","record":{"id":"r-hostplus-group","from":"hostplus","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Investor in the Series E extension","period":"October 2022","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e-2022"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"hostplus → awx-group: Investor in the Series E extension [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-blackbird-group","record":{"id":"r-blackbird-group","from":"blackbird","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series F round (2025); reported shareholder in 2026","period":"From May 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-f","c-fund-totals","c-fund-square-peg-largest"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"blackbird → awx-group: Investor in the Series F round (2025); reported shareholder in 2026 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-airtree-group","record":{"id":"r-airtree-group","from":"airtree","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series F round (2025); reported shareholder in 2026","period":"From May 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-f","c-fund-totals","c-fund-square-peg-largest"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"airtree → awx-group: Investor in the Series F round (2025); reported shareholder in 2026 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-visaventures-group","record":{"id":"r-visaventures-group","from":"visa-ventures","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Strategic investor in the Series F round","period":"May 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-f"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"visa-ventures → awx-group: Strategic investor in the Series F round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-addition-group","record":{"id":"r-addition-group","from":"addition","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor: led Series G (December 2025) and Series H (June 2026)","period":"From December 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g","c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"addition → awx-group: Investor: led Series G (December 2025) and Series H (June 2026) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-trowe-group","record":{"id":"r-trowe-group","from":"t-rowe","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in Series G (2025) and Series H (2026)","period":"From December 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g","c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"t-rowe → awx-group: Investor in Series G (2025) and Series H (2026) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-activant-group","record":{"id":"r-activant-group","from":"activant","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series G round","period":"December 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"activant → awx-group: Investor in the Series G round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lingotto-group","record":{"id":"r-lingotto-group","from":"lingotto","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series G round","period":"December 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"lingotto → awx-group: Investor in the Series G round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-tiaa-group","record":{"id":"r-tiaa-group","from":"tiaa-ventures","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series G round","period":"December 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"tiaa-ventures → awx-group: Investor in the Series G round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-robinhood-group","record":{"id":"r-robinhood-group","from":"robinhood-ventures","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series G round (as Robinhood Ventures)","period":"December 2025","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"robinhood-ventures → awx-group: Investor in the Series G round (as Robinhood Ventures) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-robinhood-cayman","record":{"id":"r-robinhood-cayman","from":"robinhood-ventures","to":"awx-cayman","status":"documented","role":"Holder of 1,173,709 Series G preferred shares (acquired 21 November 2025 for US$25,000,002)","period":"As of 31 March 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-robinhood-sec","c-str-cayman-company"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"robinhood-ventures → awx-cayman: Holder of 1,173,709 Series G preferred shares (acquired 21 November 2025 for US$25,000,002) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-baillie-group","record":{"id":"r-baillie-group","from":"baillie-gifford","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series H round","period":"June 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"baillie-gifford → awx-group: Investor in the Series H round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-qed-group","record":{"id":"r-qed-group","from":"qed","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series H round","period":"June 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"qed → awx-group: Investor in the Series H round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hedosophia-group","record":{"id":"r-hedosophia-group","from":"hedosophia","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series H round","period":"June 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"hedosophia → awx-group: Investor in the Series H round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-haun-group","record":{"id":"r-haun-group","from":"haun","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series H round","period":"June 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"haun → awx-group: Investor in the Series H round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-amex-group","record":{"id":"r-amex-group","from":"amex-ventures","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Investor in the Series H round","period":"June 2026","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"amex-ventures → awx-group: Investor in the Series H round [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-anz-group","record":{"id":"r-anz-group","from":"anz","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Provider of transactional banking services since 2017; named among the group's banking partners","period":"From 2017","claim_ids":["c-bank-anz","c-bank-partners"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"anz → awx-group: Provider of transactional banking services since 2017; named among the group's banking partners [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-nab-group","record":{"id":"r-nab-group","from":"nab","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Withdrew transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers, as reported in 2021","period":"2018","claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi","c-bank-insider"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"nab → awx-group: Withdrew transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers, as reported in 2021 [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-nab-au","record":{"id":"r-nab-au","from":"nab","to":"awx-au","status":"reported","role":"Continued residual banking services, such as payroll and rent, to the Australian entity","period":"As reported in April 2021","claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"nab → awx-au: Continued residual banking services, such as payroll and rent, to the Australian entity [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-citi-group","record":{"id":"r-citi-group","from":"citigroup","to":"awx-group","status":"reported","role":"Declined Airwallex's application for banking services, as reported in 2021","period":"After 2018","claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi","c-bank-insider"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"citigroup → awx-group: Declined Airwallex's application for banking services, as reported in 2021 [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-onerway","record":{"id":"r-group-onerway","from":"awx-group","to":"onerway","status":"reported","role":"Signed an agreement in 2018 to process payments for Onerway, according to internal documents reported in 2021","period":"2018","claim_ids":["c-bank-anz"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"awx-group → onerway: Signed an agreement in 2018 to process payments for Onerway, according to internal documents reported in 2021 [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-dbs-group","record":{"id":"r-dbs-group","from":"dbs","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Banking partner","period":"As listed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-bank-partners"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"dbs → awx-group: Banking partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-jpm-group","record":{"id":"r-jpm-group","from":"jpmorgan","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Banking partner; partner for the Yield product (2024)","period":"From 2024","claim_ids":["c-bank-partners","c-bank-jpm-yield","c-id-svf-safeguard"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"jpmorgan → awx-group: Banking partner; partner for the Yield product (2024) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-stanchart-group","record":{"id":"r-stanchart-group","from":"stanchart","to":"awx-group","status":"documented","role":"Banking partner","period":"As listed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-bank-partners"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"stanchart → awx-group: Banking partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-evolve-us","record":{"id":"r-evolve-us","from":"evolve","to":"awx-us","status":"documented","role":"Partner bank holding certain US customers' funds in an omnibus account","period":"As disclosed in October 2026","claim_ids":["c-bank-evolve"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"evolve → awx-us: Partner bank holding certain US customers' funds in an omnibus account [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-visa-member","record":{"id":"r-group-visa-member","from":"awx-group","to":"visa","status":"documented","role":"Principal member of the Visa card scheme","period":"As described in May 2021","claim_ids":["c-pay-card-schemes"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → visa: Principal member of the Visa card scheme [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-mastercard-member","record":{"id":"r-group-mastercard-member","from":"awx-group","to":"mastercard","status":"documented","role":"Principal member of the Mastercard card scheme","period":"As described in May 2021","claim_ids":["c-pay-card-schemes"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → mastercard: Principal member of the Mastercard card scheme [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-visa-partner","record":{"id":"r-group-visa-partner","from":"awx-group","to":"visa","status":"documented","role":"Product partner: Borderless Cards (2020) and payments for freight platforms (July 2026)","period":"2020 to 2026","claim_ids":["c-pay-visa-xero","c-pay-visa-affirm-2026"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → visa: Product partner: Borderless Cards (2020) and payments for freight platforms (July 2026) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-my-visa","record":{"id":"r-my-visa","from":"awx-my","to":"visa","status":"documented","role":"Issuer of a corporate Visa prepaid card listed by Bank Negara Malaysia","period":"As of October 2026","claim_ids":["c-lic-my"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-my → visa: Issuer of a corporate Visa prepaid card listed by Bank Negara Malaysia [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-stripe","record":{"id":"r-group-stripe","from":"awx-group","to":"stripe","status":"reported","role":"Plugged into Stripe as a partner for other financial services","period":"Described in March 2019","claim_ids":["c-pay-visa-xero"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → stripe: Plugged into Stripe as a partner for other financial services [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-xero","record":{"id":"r-group-xero","from":"awx-group","to":"xero","status":"reported","role":"Integration with the accounting platform","period":"From 2020","claim_ids":["c-pay-visa-xero","c-pay-integrations"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → xero: Integration with the accounting platform [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-ebay","record":{"id":"r-group-ebay","from":"awx-group","to":"ebay","status":"reported","role":"Business accounts connect with the online marketplace","period":"Reported November 2021","claim_ids":["c-pay-integrations"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → ebay: Business accounts connect with the online marketplace [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-shopify","record":{"id":"r-group-shopify","from":"awx-group","to":"shopify","status":"reported","role":"Business accounts connect with the e-commerce platform","period":"Reported November 2021","claim_ids":["c-pay-integrations"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → shopify: Business accounts connect with the e-commerce platform [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-paypal","record":{"id":"r-group-paypal","from":"awx-group","to":"paypal","status":"reported","role":"Business accounts connect with the payment platform","period":"Reported November 2021","claim_ids":["c-pay-integrations"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → paypal: Business accounts connect with the payment platform [reported]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-brex","record":{"id":"r-group-brex","from":"awx-group","to":"brex","status":"documented","role":"Card issuer partner for Brex's card program in the European Union","period":"Terms revised 5 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-pay-brex"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"awx-group → brex: Card issuer partner for Brex's card program in the European Union [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-group-affirm","record":{"id":"r-group-affirm","from":"awx-group","to":"affirm","status":"documented","role":"Offers Affirm's pay-over-time options to Airwallex merchants' US shoppers","period":"From August 2026","claim_ids":["c-pay-visa-affirm-2026"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"awx-group → affirm: Offers Affirm's pay-over-time options to Airwallex merchants' US shoppers [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-austrac-au","record":{"id":"r-austrac-au","from":"austrac","to":"awx-au","status":"documented","role":"Issued a notice under section 162(2) of the AML/CTF Act requiring an external compliance audit, on suspicion of contraventions","period":"Notice of 22 January 2026; auditor appointed February 2026; no outcome in the record","claim_ids":["c-aus-notice","c-aus-notice-terms","c-aus-release","c-aus-auditor-appointed"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"austrac → awx-au: Issued a notice under section 162(2) of the AML/CTF Act requiring an external compliance audit, on suspicion of contraventions [documented]"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2015-registration","record":{"id":"e-2015-registration","date":"2015-12-03","title":"Airwallex Pty Ltd's company name and ABN registered in Victoria","claim_ids":["c-id-registration"]},"reading":"2015-12-03 Airwallex Pty Ltd's company name and ABN registered in Victoria"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2016-pre-a","record":{"id":"e-2016-pre-a","date":"2016-07-05","title":"Airwallex announces a US$3 million pre-Series A round led by Gobi Partners","claim_ids":["c-fund-pre-a"]},"reading":"2016-07-05 Airwallex announces a US$3 million pre-Series A round led by Gobi Partners"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2016-afsl","record":{"id":"e-2016-afsl","date":"2016-09-05","title":"Airwallex Pty Ltd receives Australian financial services licence 487221","claim_ids":["c-id-afsl"]},"reading":"2016-09-05 Airwallex Pty Ltd receives Australian financial services licence 487221"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2017-series-a","record":{"id":"e-2017-series-a","date":"2017-05","title":"US$13 million Series A round led by Tencent reported","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-a"]},"reading":"2017-05 US$13 million Series A round led by Tencent reported"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2018-nab","record":{"id":"e-2018-nab","date":"2018","title":"NAB cancels transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers, as reported in 2021","claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi"]},"reading":"2018 NAB cancels transactional banking services for Airwallex's customers, as reported in 2021"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2018-series-b","record":{"id":"e-2018-series-b","date":"2018-07","title":"US$80 million Series B round led by Tencent and Sequoia China reported","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-b"]},"reading":"2018-07 US$80 million Series B round led by Tencent and Sequoia China reported"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2018-uk-emi","record":{"id":"e-2018-uk-emi","date":"2018-11-26","title":"Airwallex (UK) Limited authorised as an electronic money institution","claim_ids":["c-lic-uk"]},"reading":"2018-11-26 Airwallex (UK) Limited authorised as an electronic money institution"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2018-stop-notice","record":{"id":"e-2018-stop-notice","date":"2018-12-12","title":"Huashan Capital One files a stop notice over shares in Airwallex (Cayman) Limited","claim_ids":["c-court-stop-notice"]},"reading":"2018-12-12 Huashan Capital One files a stop notice over shares in Airwallex (Cayman) Limited"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2019-series-c","record":{"id":"e-2019-series-c","date":"2019-03","title":"US$100 million Series C round led by DST Global reported, valuing Airwallex above US$1 billion","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-c"]},"reading":"2019-03 US$100 million Series C round led by DST Global reported, valuing Airwallex above US$1 billion"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2020-series-d","record":{"id":"e-2020-series-d","date":"2020-04","title":"US$160 million Series D round reported, with ANZi Ventures and Salesforce Ventures","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-d"]},"reading":"2020-04 US$160 million Series D round reported, with ANZi Ventures and Salesforce Ventures"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-unicard","record":{"id":"e-2021-unicard","date":"2021-03","title":"Acquisition of UniCard Solution completed after HKMA consent","claim_ids":["c-lic-unicard-2021"]},"reading":"2021-03 Acquisition of UniCard Solution completed after HKMA consent"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-bank-reports","record":{"id":"e-2021-bank-reports","date":"2021-04","title":"Australian newspapers report the NAB and Citi decisions and former staff accounts","claim_ids":["c-bank-nab-citi","c-bank-former-staff","c-bank-anz"]},"reading":"2021-04 Australian newspapers report the NAB and Citi decisions and former staff accounts"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-nl","record":{"id":"e-2021-nl","date":"2021-04-30","title":"Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. authorised as an electronic money institution","claim_ids":["c-lic-nl"]},"reading":"2021-04-30 Airwallex (Netherlands) B.V. authorised as an electronic money institution"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-series-e","record":{"id":"e-2021-series-e","date":"2021-09","title":"US$200 million Series E round led by Lone Pine Capital at a US$4 billion valuation","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e"]},"reading":"2021-09 US$200 million Series E round led by Lone Pine Capital at a US$4 billion valuation"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-lt","record":{"id":"e-2021-lt","date":"2021-10-06","title":"AWX Lithuania, UAB licensed as an electronic money institution","claim_ids":["c-lic-lt"]},"reading":"2021-10-06 AWX Lithuania, UAB licensed as an electronic money institution"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-series-e-ext","record":{"id":"e-2022-series-e-ext","date":"2022-10","title":"US$100 million Series E extension at a US$5.5 billion valuation reported","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-e-2022"]},"reading":"2022-10 US$100 million Series E extension at a US$5.5 billion valuation reported"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2023-transfer","record":{"id":"e-2023-transfer","date":"2023-01-01","title":"New Zealand and Indian shareholdings moved from Airwallex Pty Ltd to the Cayman Islands, as reported","claim_ids":["c-str-au-transfer-2023"]},"reading":"2023-01-01 New Zealand and Indian shareholdings moved from Airwallex Pty Ltd to the Cayman Islands, as reported"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2024-capital-afsl","record":{"id":"e-2024-capital-afsl","date":"2024-04-26","title":"Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd receives Australian financial services licence 549026","claim_ids":["c-id-afsl"]},"reading":"2024-04-26 Airwallex Capital Pty Ltd receives Australian financial services licence 549026"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2024-bcb","record":{"id":"e-2024-bcb","date":"2024-09-09","title":"Banco Central do Brasil publishes the intended control of AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento","claim_ids":["c-br-bcb-control"]},"reading":"2024-09-09 Banco Central do Brasil publishes the intended control of AWX Brasil Instituição de Pagamento"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2025-mexpago","record":{"id":"e-2025-mexpago","date":"2025-01-15","title":"Airwallex announces the MexPago acquisition and its Brazilian payment institution licence","claim_ids":["c-lic-mx","c-lic-br"]},"reading":"2025-01-15 Airwallex announces the MexPago acquisition and its Brazilian payment institution licence"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2025-series-f","record":{"id":"e-2025-series-f","date":"2025-05-21","title":"Airwallex announces a US$300 million Series F round at a US$6.2 billion valuation","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-f"]},"reading":"2025-05-21 Airwallex announces a US$300 million Series F round at a US$6.2 billion valuation"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2025-cotton-doj","record":{"id":"e-2025-cotton-doj","date":"2025-12","title":"Senator Tom Cotton asks the Department of Justice to investigate Airwallex","claim_ids":["c-us-cotton-doj"]},"reading":"2025-12 Senator Tom Cotton asks the Department of Justice to investigate Airwallex"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2025-rabois","record":{"id":"e-2025-rabois","date":"2025-12","title":"Keith Rabois alleges on X that Airwallex sends US customer data to China","claim_ids":["c-us-rabois"]},"reading":"2025-12 Keith Rabois alleges on X that Airwallex sends US customer data to China"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2025-series-g","record":{"id":"e-2025-series-g","date":"2025-12-08","title":"Airwallex announces a US$330 million Series G round at a US$8 billion valuation","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-g"]},"reading":"2025-12-08 Airwallex announces a US$330 million Series G round at a US$8 billion valuation"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-teodorini","record":{"id":"e-2026-teodorini","date":"2026-01","title":"James Teodorini appointed head of Australian and New Zealand operations","claim_ids":["c-lead-teodorini"]},"reading":"2026-01 James Teodorini appointed head of Australian and New Zealand operations"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-austrac","record":{"id":"e-2026-austrac","date":"2026-01-22","title":"AUSTRAC requires Airwallex Pty Ltd to appoint an external auditor","claim_ids":["c-aus-notice","c-aus-release"]},"reading":"2026-01-22 AUSTRAC requires Airwallex Pty Ltd to appoint an external auditor"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-auditor","record":{"id":"e-2026-auditor","date":"2026-02","title":"External auditor appointed, according to Airwallex","claim_ids":["c-aus-auditor-appointed"]},"reading":"2026-02 External auditor appointed, according to Airwallex"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-osborne-report","record":{"id":"e-2026-osborne-report","date":"2026-02-03","title":"A British newspaper reports Ian Osborne's past contacts with Jeffrey Epstein","claim_ids":["c-lead-osborne-epstein"]},"reading":"2026-02-03 A British newspaper reports Ian Osborne's past contacts with Jeffrey Epstein"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-nz-board","record":{"id":"e-2026-nz-board","date":"2026-03","title":"Teodorini, Gladwell and English become directors of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited","claim_ids":["c-lead-nz-board"]},"reading":"2026-03 Teodorini, Gladwell and English become directors of Airwallex (New Zealand) Limited"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-au-board","record":{"id":"e-2026-au-board","date":"2026-04","title":"Elana Rubin and Bill English appointed to the Australian board","claim_ids":["c-lead-au-board"]},"reading":"2026-04 Elana Rubin and Bill English appointed to the Australian board"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-holdings-abn","record":{"id":"e-2026-holdings-abn","date":"2026-05-28","title":"ABN of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd becomes active","claim_ids":["c-id-holdings"]},"reading":"2026-05-28 ABN of Airwallex Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd becomes active"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-series-h","record":{"id":"e-2026-series-h","date":"2026-06","title":"Airwallex announces US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation","claim_ids":["c-fund-series-h"]},"reading":"2026-06 Airwallex announces US$320 million of Series H funding at an US$11 billion valuation"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-state-armor","record":{"id":"e-2026-state-armor","date":"2026-06-02","title":"State Armor's letter urging a congressional investigation is reported","claim_ids":["c-us-state-armor"]},"reading":"2026-06-02 State Armor's letter urging a congressional investigation is reported"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-cotton-cfius","record":{"id":"e-2026-cotton-cfius","date":"2026-06-17","title":"Senator Cotton asks CFIUS to review Chinese investment in Airwallex","claim_ids":["c-us-cotton-cfius"]},"reading":"2026-06-17 Senator Cotton asks CFIUS to review Chinese investment in Airwallex"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-uk-group","record":{"id":"e-2026-uk-group","date":"2026-08-25","title":"Airwallex Group (UK) Limited incorporated with Jack Zhang as sole subscriber","claim_ids":["c-uk-global-incorporation"]},"reading":"2026-08-25 Airwallex Group (UK) Limited incorporated with Jack Zhang as sole subscriber"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-us-holding","record":{"id":"e-2026-us-holding","date":"2026-09-15","title":"AWX US Investment Holding (UK) Limited recorded under the control of Airwallex Group (UK) Limited","claim_ids":["c-uk-us-holding"]},"reading":"2026-09-15 AWX US Investment Holding (UK) Limited recorded under the control of Airwallex Group (UK) Limited"}
{"case_id":"airwallex-pty-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-17","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-uk-rename","record":{"id":"e-2026-uk-rename","date":"2026-10-03","title":"Airwallex Group (UK) Limited resolves to change its name to Airwallex Global Limited","claim_ids":["c-uk-global-changes"]},"reading":"2026-10-03 Airwallex Group (UK) Limited resolves to change its name to Airwallex Global Limited"}