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{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-107","record":{"id":"src-107","title":"GLEIF LEI record 549300P3A4I4DQEUT196 (Alameda Research LLC)","url":"https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/549300P3A4I4DQEUT196","publisher":"Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)","date":"2026-10-21","locator":"LEI record","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-21","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"registry_operator"},"reading":"GLEIF LEI record 549300P3A4I4DQEUT196 (Alameda Research LLC), Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-108","record":{"id":"src-108","title":"Perpetuals.com Ltd annual report on Form 20-F","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001944399/000121390026100218/ea0305348-20f_perpetuals.htm","publisher":"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"","locator":"Form 20-F","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-21","source_type":"company_statement","publisher_type":"regulator"},"reading":"Perpetuals.com Ltd annual report on Form 20-F, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-109","record":{"id":"src-109","title":"Corporate registry source · src-109","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Corporate registry source · src-109"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-110","record":{"id":"src-110","title":"Other source · src-110","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"other","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Other source · src-110"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-111","record":{"id":"src-111","title":"Other source · src-111","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"other","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Other source · src-111"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-112","record":{"id":"src-112","title":"Media source · src-112","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"media","publisher_type":"media"},"reading":"Media source · src-112"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-113","record":{"id":"src-113","title":"Corporate registry source · src-113","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Corporate registry source · src-113"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-114","record":{"id":"src-114","title":"Corporate registry source · src-114","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Corporate registry source · src-114"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-115","record":{"id":"src-115","title":"Corporate registry source · src-115","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Corporate registry source · src-115"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-116","record":{"id":"src-116","title":"Corporate registry source · src-116","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Corporate registry source · src-116"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-117","record":{"id":"src-117","title":"Corporate registry source · src-117","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Corporate registry source · src-117"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-118","record":{"id":"src-118","title":"Company statement source · src-118","url":"","publisher":"","date":"","locator":"","basis":"Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.","accessed":"","source_type":"company_statement","publisher_type":"corporate"},"reading":"Company statement source · src-118"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-119","record":{"id":"src-119","title":"GLEIF direct-parent relationship record for LEI 506700N3EE6U50944T62","url":"https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/506700N3EE6U50944T62/direct-parent-relationship","publisher":"Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)","date":"2026-10-21","locator":"Relationship record","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-21","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"registry_operator"},"reading":"GLEIF direct-parent relationship record for LEI 506700N3EE6U50944T62, Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-120","record":{"id":"src-120","title":"GLEIF LEI record 5493006ABW15UQFSUN13 (FTX Europe AG in Liquidation)","url":"https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/5493006ABW15UQFSUN13","publisher":"Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)","date":"2026-10-21","locator":"LEI record","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-21","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"registry_operator"},"reading":"GLEIF LEI record 5493006ABW15UQFSUN13 (FTX Europe AG in Liquidation), Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-121","record":{"id":"src-121","title":"GLEIF direct-children record for LEI 5493006ABW15UQFSUN13","url":"https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/5493006ABW15UQFSUN13/direct-children","publisher":"Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)","date":"2026-10-21","locator":"Relationship records","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-21","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"registry_operator"},"reading":"GLEIF direct-children record for LEI 5493006ABW15UQFSUN13, Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"sources","id":"src-122","record":{"id":"src-122","title":"GLEIF LEI record 2138001ME4Z9Z8DZNS52 (FTX EU Ltd / Trek Labs Europe Ltd)","url":"https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/2138001ME4Z9Z8DZNS52","publisher":"Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)","date":"2026-10-21","locator":"LEI record","basis":"Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.","accessed":"2026-10-21","source_type":"corporate_registry","publisher_type":"registry_operator"},"reading":"GLEIF LEI record 2138001ME4Z9Z8DZNS52 (FTX EU Ltd / Trek Labs Europe Ltd), Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-company","record":{"id":"c-id-company","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd. is the parent company of what the Chapter 11 debtors call the Dotcom Silo and is organized in Antigua and Barbuda. FTX.com, a digital asset trading platform and exchange, was the trade name of its business; according to the first-day declaration of the debtors' chief executive John J. Ray III (filed 17 November 2022), FTX.com was founded by Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh, commenced operations in May 2019 and was not available to U.S. users.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd. is the parent company of what the Chapter 11 debtors call the Dotcom Silo and is organized in Antigua and Barbuda. FTX.com, a digital asset trading platform and exchange, was the trade name of its business; according to the first-day declaration of the debtors' chief executive John J. Ray III (filed 17 November 2022), FTX.com was founded by Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh, commenced operations in May 2019 and was not available to U.S. users."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-ibca","record":{"id":"c-id-ibca","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' filing of 11 December 2023 in the Chapter 11 case states that FTX Trading Ltd. was incorporated as an international business company under the International Business Corporations Act of Antigua and Barbuda and that its register of directors names Sam Bankman-Fried, Mr. Law and Ms. Chan as its first directors.","source_ids":["src-009"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' filing of 11 December 2023 in the Chapter 11 case states that FTX Trading Ltd. was incorporated as an international business company under the International Business Corporations Act of Antigua and Barbuda and that its register of directors names Sam Bankman-Fried, Mr. Law and Ms. Chan as its first directors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-form-d","record":{"id":"c-id-form-d","kind":"fact","text":"In its Form D notice of an exempt securities offering, signed by Sam Bankman-Fried as chief executive on 2 November 2021 and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Central Index Key 0001876386, FTX Trading Ltd. gave Antigua and Barbuda as its jurisdiction of incorporation, 2019 as its year of incorporation, and No. 11 Mandolin Place, Friar's Hill Road, Saint John's, Antigua and Barbuda as its principal place of business.","source_ids":["src-002"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In its Form D notice of an exempt securities offering, signed by Sam Bankman-Fried as chief executive on 2 November 2021 and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Central Index Key 0001876386, FTX Trading Ltd. gave Antigua and Barbuda as its jurisdiction of incorporation, 2019 as its year of incorporation, and No. 11 Mandolin Place, Friar's Hill Road, Saint John's, Antigua and Barbuda as its principal place of business."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-lei","record":{"id":"c-id-lei","kind":"fact","text":"The Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF) record for LEI 894500686R5LFMX57208 names FTX Trading Limited, a limited company registered in the Antigua and Barbuda register RA000007 under number 17180, with its legal and headquarters address at Friar's Hill Road, Mandolin Place, Saint John's. GLEIF gives the entity status as ACTIVE and its creation timestamp as 1 April 2019, 22:00 UTC; the LEI was first registered on 21 January 2021 and, at retrieval in October 2026, had lapsed without renewal.","source_ids":["src-003"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"A commercial screening dataset built partly on GLEIF data gives 2 April 2019 as the incorporation date; the GLEIF timestamp is in UTC.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF) record for LEI 894500686R5LFMX57208 names FTX Trading Limited, a limited company registered in the Antigua and Barbuda register RA000007 under number 17180, with its legal and headquarters address at Friar's Hill Road, Mandolin Place, Saint John's. GLEIF gives the entity status as ACTIVE and its creation timestamp as 1 April 2019, 22:00 UTC; the LEI was first registered on 21 January 2021 and, at retrieval in October 2026, had lapsed without renewal."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-ibc-strike-notice","record":{"id":"c-id-ibc-strike-notice","kind":"fact","text":"In Official Gazette No. 31 of 14 May 2026, Antigua and Barbuda's Financial Services Regulatory Commission gave notice under section 335(2)(b) of the International Business Corporations Act of its intention to strike listed entities from the Register of International Business Corporations if they did not submit outstanding requirements under Regulation 3 of the fees and minimum capitalisation regulations by 4:00 p.m. on 5 August 2026. FTX TRADING LTD., IBC number 17180, appears on the list with corporate service provider Rushaine Cunningham and a notification date of 5 May 2026.","source_ids":["src-007"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","rushaine-cunningham"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading"]},"reading":"Fact: In Official Gazette No. 31 of 14 May 2026, Antigua and Barbuda's Financial Services Regulatory Commission gave notice under section 335(2)(b) of the International Business Corporations Act of its intention to strike listed entities from the Register of International Business Corporations if they did not submit outstanding requirements under Regulation 3 of the fees and minimum capitalisation regulations by 4:00 p.m. on 5 August 2026. FTX TRADING LTD., IBC number 17180, appears on the list with corporate service provider Rushaine Cunningham and a notification date of 5 May 2026."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-ibc-status-open","record":{"id":"c-id-ibc-status-open","kind":"unresolved","text":"Later issues of Antigua and Barbuda's Official Gazette retained in the case file do not mention FTX Trading Ltd. or IBC 17180: No. 49 of 20 August 2026 carries a further Financial Services Regulatory Commission notice of intention to strike other corporations, and Nos. 60, 61 and 62 of October 2026 contain no list of international business corporations struck from the register (the Commission's notice in No. 60 concerns two banks).","source_ids":["src-053","src-013","src-026","src-030"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The retained records therefore do not show whether FTX Trading Ltd. was struck from the Register of International Business Corporations after the 5 August 2026 deadline or complied with the requirements; its register status after that date is unresolved.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Unresolved: Later issues of Antigua and Barbuda's Official Gazette retained in the case file do not mention FTX Trading Ltd. or IBC 17180: No. 49 of 20 August 2026 carries a further Financial Services Regulatory Commission notice of intention to strike other corporations, and Nos. 60, 61 and 62 of October 2026 contain no list of international business corporations struck from the register (the Commission's notice in No. 60 concerns two banks)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-addresses","record":{"id":"c-id-addresses","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs, filed in the Chapter 11 case on 31 July 2023, lists earlier addresses at Lower Factory Road, St. John's, Antigua (from 19 March 2019), Unit 3B, Bryson's Commercial Complex, Friar's Hill Road, St. John's (from 19 March 2019), 2000 Center Street, Floor 4, Berkeley, California (from 27 August 2019) and the Gangnam Finance Center, Seoul (dates unknown). The petition filed on 11 November 2022 gives the principal place of business as 10-11 Mandolin Place, Friars Hill Road, St. John's, and the website www.ftx.com.","source_ids":["src-011","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs, filed in the Chapter 11 case on 31 July 2023, lists earlier addresses at Lower Factory Road, St. John's, Antigua (from 19 March 2019), Unit 3B, Bryson's Commercial Complex, Friar's Hill Road, St. John's (from 19 March 2019), 2000 Center Street, Floor 4, Berkeley, California (from 27 August 2019) and the Gangnam Finance Center, Seoul (dates unknown). The petition filed on 11 November 2022 gives the principal place of business as 10-11 Mandolin Place, Friars Hill Road, St. John's, and the website www.ftx.com."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-headquarters","record":{"id":"c-id-headquarters","kind":"fact","text":"According to the joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., the services of the FTX International Platform were originally and primarily provided by FTX Trading Ltd. from its headquarters in Hong Kong. The debtors' disclosure statement of 22 May 2024 says the international exchange moved its headquarters from Hong Kong to the Bahamas in September 2021, and the debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 describes FTX Trading Ltd.'s principal place of business as Nassau, Bahamas.","source_ids":["src-008","src-068","src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., the services of the FTX International Platform were originally and primarily provided by FTX Trading Ltd. from its headquarters in Hong Kong. The debtors' disclosure statement of 22 May 2024 says the international exchange moved its headquarters from Hong Kong to the Bahamas in September 2021, and the debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 describes FTX Trading Ltd.'s principal place of business as Nassau, Bahamas."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-id-scale","record":{"id":"c-id-scale","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' disclosure statement says the FTX.com exchange was operated by Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh and had more than seven million registered users by November 2022. FTX Trading Ltd.'s petition estimated, on a consolidated basis as of 31 December 2021, more than 100,000 creditors and assets and liabilities each in the range of $10 billion to $50 billion.","source_ids":["src-068","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' disclosure statement says the FTX.com exchange was operated by Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh and had more than seven million registered users by November 2022. FTX Trading Ltd.'s petition estimated, on a consolidated basis as of 31 December 2021, more than 100,000 creditors and assets and liabilities each in the range of $10 billion to $50 billion."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-silos","record":{"id":"c-str-silos","kind":"fact","text":"In his first-day declaration of 17 November 2022, John J. Ray III, chief executive of the debtors, described the FTX Group as four groups of businesses he called silos: the WRS Silo (West Realm Shires Inc. and its subsidiaries, including FTX US), the Alameda Silo (Alameda Research LLC and its debtor subsidiaries), the Ventures Silo (Clifton Bay Investments LLC, Island Bay Ventures Inc., FTX Ventures Ltd and related companies) and the Dotcom Silo (FTX Trading Ltd. and its debtor and non-debtor subsidiaries, including FTX.com and similar exchanges outside the United States). Ray stated that each silo was controlled by Sam Bankman-Fried, that Gary Wang and Nishad Singh held minority equity interests in the silos, and that the WRS and Dotcom silos also had third-party investors, none of whom other than the co-founders owned more than 2% of any silo.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","island-bay","ftx-ventures","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","john-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In his first-day declaration of 17 November 2022, John J. Ray III, chief executive of the debtors, described the FTX Group as four groups of businesses he called silos: the WRS Silo (West Realm Shires Inc. and its subsidiaries, including FTX US), the Alameda Silo (Alameda Research LLC and its debtor subsidiaries), the Ventures Silo (Clifton Bay Investments LLC, Island Bay Ventures Inc., FTX Ventures Ltd and related companies) and the Dotcom Silo (FTX Trading Ltd. and its debtor and non-debtor subsidiaries, including FTX.com and similar exchanges outside the United States). Ray stated that each silo was controlled by Sam Bankman-Fried, that Gary Wang and Nishad Singh held minority equity interests in the silos, and that the WRS and Dotcom silos also had third-party investors, none of whom other than the co-founders owned more than 2% of any silo."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-sbf-stakes","record":{"id":"c-str-sbf-stakes","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's first-day declaration states that Sam Bankman-Fried owned approximately 53% of West Realm Shires Inc. directly, approximately 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. indirectly, approximately 90% of Alameda Research LLC directly and approximately 67% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC directly, and that approximately 25% of FTX Trading Ltd. was owned by a dispersed group of about 600 third-party equity investors. FTX Trading Ltd. and West Realm Shires Inc. were the only debtors that had received third-party equity investment.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's first-day declaration states that Sam Bankman-Fried owned approximately 53% of West Realm Shires Inc. directly, approximately 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. indirectly, approximately 90% of Alameda Research LLC directly and approximately 67% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC directly, and that approximately 25% of FTX Trading Ltd. was owned by a dispersed group of about 600 third-party equity investors. FTX Trading Ltd. and West Realm Shires Inc. were the only debtors that had received third-party equity investment."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-silo-chart","record":{"id":"c-str-silo-chart","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' presentation for the first-day hearing (Doc 115-1, filed 22 November 2022) charts the four silos for recovery purposes: Sam Bankman-Fried with 52.99% of the WRS Silo (Gary Wang 16.93%, Nishad Singh 7.83%, third-party investors 22.25%), 90.0% of the Alameda Silo (Gary Wang 10.0%), 100% of the Ventures Silo (with a note that certain Ventures Silo entities may have interests held by Wang and Singh) and 75.0% of the Dotcom Silo (third-party investors 25.0%). It names the independent directors appointed after the filing: Mitchell Sonkin (WRS Silo), Matt Rosenberg (Alameda Silo), Rishi Jain (Ventures Silo) and Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny (Dotcom Silo).","source_ids":["src-012"],"entity_ids":["sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","wrs","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","mitchell-sonkin","matt-rosenberg","rishi-jain","joseph-farnan","matt-doheny"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' presentation for the first-day hearing (Doc 115-1, filed 22 November 2022) charts the four silos for recovery purposes: Sam Bankman-Fried with 52.99% of the WRS Silo (Gary Wang 16.93%, Nishad Singh 7.83%, third-party investors 22.25%), 90.0% of the Alameda Silo (Gary Wang 10.0%), 100% of the Ventures Silo (with a note that certain Ventures Silo entities may have interests held by Wang and Singh) and 75.0% of the Dotcom Silo (third-party investors 25.0%). It names the independent directors appointed after the filing: Mitchell Sonkin (WRS Silo), Matt Rosenberg (Alameda Silo), Rishi Jain (Ventures Silo) and Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny (Dotcom Silo)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-paper-bird","record":{"id":"c-str-paper-bird","kind":"fact","text":"The corporate ownership statement filed with the petitions on 11 November 2022 states that approximately 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. was owned by Paper Bird Inc. and approximately 25% by third-party investors, and that no corporation had been identified owning 10% or more of Paper Bird Inc. Paper Bird's equity holder list (Exhibit I to Doc 450, filed 9 January 2023) shows Sam Bankman-Fried as holder of its 1,000 common shares, and the debtors' disclosure statement describes Paper Bird Inc., a debtor in the Ventures Silo, as the holding entity for the shares of FTX Trading Ltd. owned by Bankman-Fried.","source_ids":["src-005","src-006","src-068"],"entity_ids":["paper-bird","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The corporate ownership statement filed with the petitions on 11 November 2022 states that approximately 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. was owned by Paper Bird Inc. and approximately 25% by third-party investors, and that no corporation had been identified owning 10% or more of Paper Bird Inc. Paper Bird's equity holder list (Exhibit I to Doc 450, filed 9 January 2023) shows Sam Bankman-Fried as holder of its 1,000 common shares, and the debtors' disclosure statement describes Paper Bird Inc., a debtor in the Ventures Silo, as the holding entity for the shares of FTX Trading Ltd. owned by Bankman-Fried."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-paper-bird-figures","record":{"id":"c-str-paper-bird-figures","kind":"fact","text":"Other debtor filings give different figures for Paper Bird Inc.'s stake in FTX Trading Ltd.: the debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 says FTX Trading Ltd. was owned approximately 80% by Paper Bird Inc., a Delaware corporation wholly owned by Bankman-Fried, and their filing of 11 December 2023 calls FTX Trading an 86% subsidiary of Paper Bird Inc.; FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs names Paper Bird Inc. as controlling shareholder with 75.00%.","source_ids":["src-092","src-009","src-011"],"entity_ids":["paper-bird","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"The retained filings do not explain the differences between 75%, about 80% and 86%, and no filing reconciles them with the holdings of the other founders.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Other debtor filings give different figures for Paper Bird Inc.'s stake in FTX Trading Ltd.: the debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 says FTX Trading Ltd. was owned approximately 80% by Paper Bird Inc., a Delaware corporation wholly owned by Bankman-Fried, and their filing of 11 December 2023 calls FTX Trading an 86% subsidiary of Paper Bird Inc.; FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs names Paper Bird Inc. as controlling shareholder with 75.00%."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-no-parent","record":{"id":"c-str-no-parent","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report on control failures (filed 9 April 2023) states that, rather than having an ultimate parent company able to direct its subsidiaries, the FTX Group was organized as a web of parallel corporate chains with various owners and interests, all under the ultimate control of Bankman-Fried, and that no comprehensive organizational chart of the group existed before the end of 2021.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report on control failures (filed 9 April 2023) states that, rather than having an ultimate parent company able to direct its subsidiaries, the FTX Group was organized as a web of parallel corporate chains with various owners and interests, all under the ultimate control of Bankman-Fried, and that no comprehensive organizational chart of the group existed before the end of 2021."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-dotcom-composition","record":{"id":"c-str-dotcom-composition","kind":"fact","text":"According to Ray's declaration, the debtors in the Dotcom Silo were organized in jurisdictions around the world under the Antigua-organized parent FTX Trading Ltd., and they also owned 100% of more than a dozen non-debtor companies. The disclosure statement adds that the Dotcom Silo included the exchanges operated by the debtors FTX Japan K.K. and Quoine Pte Ltd and the investment services firm FTX EU Ltd.","source_ids":["src-001","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-japan","quoine-pte","ftx-eu"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to Ray's declaration, the debtors in the Dotcom Silo were organized in jurisdictions around the world under the Antigua-organized parent FTX Trading Ltd., and they also owned 100% of more than a dozen non-debtor companies. The disclosure statement adds that the Dotcom Silo included the exchanges operated by the debtors FTX Japan K.K. and Quoine Pte Ltd and the investment services firm FTX EU Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-founding","record":{"id":"c-str-founding","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' timeline in the first-day presentation records that Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh founded the Dotcom Silo in April 2019.","source_ids":["src-012"],"entity_ids":["sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' timeline in the first-day presentation records that Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh founded the Dotcom Silo in April 2019."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-subs-1","record":{"id":"c-str-subs-1","kind":"fact","text":"The corporate ownership statement filed on 11 November 2022 lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of Allston Way Ltd, Analisya Pte Ltd, Bancroft Way Ltd, Blockfolio Holdings, Inc., Crypto Bahamas LLC, Deep Creek Ltd, FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd, FTX Canada Inc, FTX Crypto Services Ltd., FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX EMEA Ltd. and FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","allston-way","analisya","bancroft-way","blockfolio-holdings","crypto-bahamas","deep-creek","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-canada","ftx-crypto-services","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","ftx-emea","ftx-equity-record"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The corporate ownership statement filed on 11 November 2022 lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of Allston Way Ltd, Analisya Pte Ltd, Bancroft Way Ltd, Blockfolio Holdings, Inc., Crypto Bahamas LLC, Deep Creek Ltd, FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd, FTX Canada Inc, FTX Crypto Services Ltd., FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX EMEA Ltd. and FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-subs-2","record":{"id":"c-str-subs-2","kind":"fact","text":"The same statement lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of FTX Europe AG, FTX Hong Kong Ltd, FTX Japan Holdings K.K., FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX Property Holdings Ltd, FTX Services Solutions Ltd., FTX Trading GmbH, FTX TURKEY TEKNOLOJİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKET, FTX Zuma Ltd and GG Trading Terminal Ltd.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-products-sg","ftx-property","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","gg-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same statement lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of FTX Europe AG, FTX Hong Kong Ltd, FTX Japan Holdings K.K., FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX Property Holdings Ltd, FTX Services Solutions Ltd., FTX Trading GmbH, FTX TURKEY TEKNOLOJİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKET, FTX Zuma Ltd and GG Trading Terminal Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-subs-3","record":{"id":"c-str-subs-3","kind":"fact","text":"It further lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of Global Compass Dynamics Ltd., Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd, Innovatia Ltd., Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd, LT Baskets Ltd., Mangrove Cay Ltd, Technology Services Bahamas Limited, West Innovative Barista Ltd. and Western Concord Enterprises Ltd.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","global-compass","hive-empire","innovatia","liquid-securities-sg","lt-baskets","mangrove-cay","tsb","west-innovative-barista","western-concord"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: It further lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of Global Compass Dynamics Ltd., Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd, Innovatia Ltd., Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd, LT Baskets Ltd., Mangrove Cay Ltd, Technology Services Bahamas Limited, West Innovative Barista Ltd. and Western Concord Enterprises Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-japan-tier","record":{"id":"c-str-japan-tier","kind":"fact","text":"In the same statement, FTX Japan Holdings K.K. owns 100% of FTX Japan K.K., FTX Japan Services KK and Quoine Pte Ltd and approximately 50% of Liquid Financial USA Inc. (the rest held by third-party investors), which in turn owns 100% of LiquidEX LLC; FTX Japan K.K. owns 100% of Quoine India Pte Ltd and Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-services","quoine-pte","liquid-financial-usa","liquidex","quoine-india","quoine-vietnam"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In the same statement, FTX Japan Holdings K.K. owns 100% of FTX Japan K.K., FTX Japan Services KK and Quoine Pte Ltd and approximately 50% of Liquid Financial USA Inc. (the rest held by third-party investors), which in turn owns 100% of LiquidEX LLC; FTX Japan K.K. owns 100% of Quoine India Pte Ltd and Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-europe-tier","record":{"id":"c-str-europe-tier","kind":"fact","text":"In the same statement, FTX Europe AG owns 100% of FTX Structured Products AG, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, K-DNA Financial Services Ltd (later FTX EU Ltd), FTX Exchange FZE, DAAG Trading, DMCC, Altalix Ltd, Tigetwit Ltd and BTC Africa S.A., and approximately 10% of CM-Equity AG (the remaining 90% held by third-party investors).","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-structured-products","ftx-switzerland","ftx-certificates","ftx-eu","ftx-exchange-fze","daag-trading","altalix","tigetwit","btc-africa","cm-equity"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In the same statement, FTX Europe AG owns 100% of FTX Structured Products AG, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, K-DNA Financial Services Ltd (later FTX EU Ltd), FTX Exchange FZE, DAAG Trading, DMCC, Altalix Ltd, Tigetwit Ltd and BTC Africa S.A., and approximately 10% of CM-Equity AG (the remaining 90% held by third-party investors)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-other-tier","record":{"id":"c-str-other-tier","kind":"fact","text":"The statement also lists Innovatia Ltd. as owner of 100% of Zubr Exchange Ltd, FTX Canada Inc as owner of 100% of Bitvo, Inc, and Paper Bird Inc. as owner of 100% of FTX Ventures Ltd and of Island Bay Ventures Inc. The debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 against SkyBridge describes Island Bay Ventures Inc. as a Delaware entity entirely owned by Paper Bird Inc., which was wholly owned by Sam Bankman-Fried.","source_ids":["src-005","src-085"],"entity_ids":["innovatia","zubr","ftx-canada","bitvo","paper-bird","ftx-ventures","island-bay","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The statement also lists Innovatia Ltd. as owner of 100% of Zubr Exchange Ltd, FTX Canada Inc as owner of 100% of Bitvo, Inc, and Paper Bird Inc. as owner of 100% of FTX Ventures Ltd and of Island Bay Ventures Inc. The debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 against SkyBridge describes Island Bay Ventures Inc. as a Delaware entity entirely owned by Paper Bird Inc., which was wholly owned by Sam Bankman-Fried."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-alameda-chain","record":{"id":"c-str-alameda-chain","kind":"fact","text":"For the Alameda Silo, the statement records that no corporation had been identified owning 10% or more of Alameda Research LLC, which owns 100% of Alameda Research Ltd, North Dimension Inc and North Wireless Dimension Inc; Alameda Research Ltd in turn owns 100% of Euclid Way Ltd and of Maclaurin Investments Ltd. Alameda Research LLC is therefore not shown as a subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","north-dimension","north-wireless","euclid-way","maclaurin","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: For the Alameda Silo, the statement records that no corporation had been identified owning 10% or more of Alameda Research LLC, which owns 100% of Alameda Research Ltd, North Dimension Inc and North Wireless Dimension Inc; Alameda Research Ltd in turn owns 100% of Euclid Way Ltd and of Maclaurin Investments Ltd. Alameda Research LLC is therefore not shown as a subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-wrs-chain","record":{"id":"c-str-wrs-chain","kind":"fact","text":"For the WRS Silo, the statement records that West Realm Shires Inc. owns 100% of West Realm Shires Services Inc. (FTX US) and of West Realm Shires Financial Services Inc.","source_ids":["src-005"],"entity_ids":["wrs","wrss","wrsfs"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: For the WRS Silo, the statement records that West Realm Shires Inc. owns 100% of West Realm Shires Services Inc. (FTX US) and of West Realm Shires Financial Services Inc."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-holder-lists","record":{"id":"c-str-holder-lists","kind":"fact","text":"The equity holder lists filed by the debtors on 9 January 2023 (Doc 450) show Samuel Bankman-Fried with 90.00% and Zixiao Wang with 10.00% of Alameda Research LLC, and Bankman-Fried with 67.00%, Wang with 23.00% and Nishad Singh with 10.00% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC. The debtors' November 2024 complaint gives the same 67/23/10 split for Alameda Research Ventures LLC, the earlier name of Clifton Bay Investments LLC.","source_ids":["src-006","src-001","src-085"],"entity_ids":["sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","alameda-llc","clifton-bay"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The equity holder lists filed by the debtors on 9 January 2023 (Doc 450) show Samuel Bankman-Fried with 90.00% and Zixiao Wang with 10.00% of Alameda Research LLC, and Bankman-Fried with 67.00%, Wang with 23.00% and Nishad Singh with 10.00% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC. The debtors' November 2024 complaint gives the same 67/23/10 split for Alameda Research Ventures LLC, the earlier name of Clifton Bay Investments LLC."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-blockfolio","record":{"id":"c-str-blockfolio","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's declaration states that FTX Trading Ltd. acquired 51% of Blockfolio, Inc. in 2020, with the remaining 49% owned by the original shareholders. The corporate ownership statement instead routes the holding through Blockfolio Holdings, Inc. (100% owned by FTX Trading Ltd.), which owns approximately 52% of Blockfolio, Inc., with approximately 48% held by third-party investors; Blockfolio, Inc.'s equity holder list (Exhibit D to Doc 450) shows FTX Trading Ltd. itself holding 14,101,493 shares of common stock and FTX Equity Record Holder Ltd. 49,540.","source_ids":["src-001","src-005","src-006"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","blockfolio","blockfolio-holdings","ftx-equity-record"],"qualification":"The three filings differ on whether FTX Trading Ltd. held Blockfolio, Inc. directly or through Blockfolio Holdings, Inc., and on the percentage; the 2020 purchase agreement was not retained.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's declaration states that FTX Trading Ltd. acquired 51% of Blockfolio, Inc. in 2020, with the remaining 49% owned by the original shareholders. The corporate ownership statement instead routes the holding through Blockfolio Holdings, Inc. (100% owned by FTX Trading Ltd.), which owns approximately 52% of Blockfolio, Inc., with approximately 48% held by third-party investors; Blockfolio, Inc.'s equity holder list (Exhibit D to Doc 450) shows FTX Trading Ltd. itself holding 14,101,493 shares of common stock and FTX Equity Record Holder Ltd. 49,540."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-turkey","record":{"id":"c-str-turkey","kind":"fact","text":"The corporate ownership statement lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of FTX TURKEY TEKNOLOJİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKET, while that company's equity holder list (Exhibit L to Doc 450) shows FTX Trading Ltd. with 80.00% of the ordinary shares and an individual holder with the remaining 20.00%.","source_ids":["src-006","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-turkey"],"qualification":"The two debtor filings give different stakes (100% and 80%); the retained records do not reconcile them.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The corporate ownership statement lists FTX Trading Ltd. as owner of 100% of FTX TURKEY TEKNOLOJİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKET, while that company's equity holder list (Exhibit L to Doc 450) shows FTX Trading Ltd. with 80.00% of the ordinary shares and an individual holder with the remaining 20.00%."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-zuma","record":{"id":"c-str-zuma","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Zuma Ltd's equity holder list (Exhibit K to Doc 450) shows FTX Trading Ltd. holding 9,999,999 ordinary shares and Samuel Bankman-Fried one ordinary share.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-zuma","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Zuma Ltd's equity holder list (Exhibit K to Doc 450) shows FTX Trading Ltd. holding 9,999,999 ordinary shares and Samuel Bankman-Fried one ordinary share."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-str-pt-triniti","record":{"id":"c-str-pt-triniti","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs lists PT Triniti Investama Berkat (Menara Kadin Indonesia, Jakarta) among the businesses in which the debtor had an interest, describing it as a trading vehicle in existence since 20 May 2021 and still current. The debtors' preliminary structure chart of November 2022 carries the footnote \"99% held by FTX Trading Ltd.\"","source_ids":["src-011","src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","pt-triniti"],"qualification":"The footnote's attachment to PT Triniti Investama Berkat is read from the chart's layout; the retained text layer is distorted, and the Statement of Financial Affairs gives no percentage.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs lists PT Triniti Investama Berkat (Menara Kadin Indonesia, Jakarta) among the businesses in which the debtor had an interest, describing it as a trading vehicle in existence since 20 May 2021 and still current. The debtors' preliminary structure chart of November 2022 carries the footnote \"99% held by FTX Trading Ltd.\""}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-jur-dotcom","record":{"id":"c-sub-jur-dotcom","kind":"fact","text":"Exhibit A to the FTX debtors' filing of 8 October 2026 (Doc 36655-1) gives the places of organization of the debtors. For FTX Trading Ltd. and its subsidiaries it lists Antigua and Barbuda for FTX Trading Ltd., Allston Way Ltd., Bancroft Way Ltd., Deep Creek Ltd., Global Compass Dynamics Ltd., LT Baskets Ltd., Mangrove Cay Ltd., West Innovative Barista Ltd. and Western Concord Enterprises Ltd.; the Bahamas for FTX Property Holdings Ltd. and Technology Services Bahamas Limited; the British Virgin Islands for FTX Services Solutions Ltd.; Seychelles for FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd.; Cyprus for FTX EMEA Ltd. and FTX EU Ltd.; Switzerland for FTX Europe AG; Hong Kong for FTX Hong Kong Ltd.; Japan for FTX Japan Holdings K.K.; Singapore for FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd. and Quoine Pte Ltd.; Gibraltar for FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd.; Canada for FTX Canada Inc.; Nigeria for FTX Zuma Ltd.; Ireland for GG Trading Terminal Ltd.; Australia for Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd.; and Delaware for Blockfolio, Inc. and Crypto Bahamas LLC.","source_ids":["src-101"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","allston-way","bancroft-way","deep-creek","global-compass","lt-baskets","mangrove-cay","west-innovative-barista","western-concord","ftx-property","tsb","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-equity-record","ftx-emea","ftx-eu","ftx-europe","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","quoine-pte","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-canada","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","hive-empire","blockfolio","crypto-bahamas"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Exhibit A to the FTX debtors' filing of 8 October 2026 (Doc 36655-1) gives the places of organization of the debtors. For FTX Trading Ltd. and its subsidiaries it lists Antigua and Barbuda for FTX Trading Ltd., Allston Way Ltd., Bancroft Way Ltd., Deep Creek Ltd., Global Compass Dynamics Ltd., LT Baskets Ltd., Mangrove Cay Ltd., West Innovative Barista Ltd. and Western Concord Enterprises Ltd.; the Bahamas for FTX Property Holdings Ltd. and Technology Services Bahamas Limited; the British Virgin Islands for FTX Services Solutions Ltd.; Seychelles for FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd.; Cyprus for FTX EMEA Ltd. and FTX EU Ltd.; Switzerland for FTX Europe AG; Hong Kong for FTX Hong Kong Ltd.; Japan for FTX Japan Holdings K.K.; Singapore for FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd. and Quoine Pte Ltd.; Gibraltar for FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd.; Canada for FTX Canada Inc.; Nigeria for FTX Zuma Ltd.; Ireland for GG Trading Terminal Ltd.; Australia for Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd.; and Delaware for Blockfolio, Inc. and Crypto Bahamas LLC."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-sofa-dormant","record":{"id":"c-sub-sofa-dormant","kind":"fact","text":"In answer to question 25 (other businesses in which the debtor has or had an interest), FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs describes as dormant entities Allston Way Ltd (Lower Factory Road, St. John's; from 20 May 2021), Bancroft Way Ltd (from 10 June 2022), Deep Creek Ltd (from 22 April 2022), Global Compass Dynamics Ltd. (from 24 November 2020), LT Baskets Ltd. (from 19 November 2021), Mangrove Cay Ltd (from 9 May 2022), West Innovative Barista Ltd. (from 21 June 2022), Western Concord Enterprises Ltd. (from 22 April 2022), FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd (from 21 February 2020), FTX Hong Kong Ltd (from 4 April 2022) and Technology Services Bahamas Limited (Marsh Harbour, Abaco; from 24 August 2021). Several of the Antigua entities share the address Unit 3B, Bryson's Commercial Complex, Friar's Hill Road, St. John's.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","allston-way","bancroft-way","deep-creek","global-compass","lt-baskets","mangrove-cay","west-innovative-barista","western-concord","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-hong-kong","tsb"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In answer to question 25 (other businesses in which the debtor has or had an interest), FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs describes as dormant entities Allston Way Ltd (Lower Factory Road, St. John's; from 20 May 2021), Bancroft Way Ltd (from 10 June 2022), Deep Creek Ltd (from 22 April 2022), Global Compass Dynamics Ltd. (from 24 November 2020), LT Baskets Ltd. (from 19 November 2021), Mangrove Cay Ltd (from 9 May 2022), West Innovative Barista Ltd. (from 21 June 2022), Western Concord Enterprises Ltd. (from 22 April 2022), FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd (from 21 February 2020), FTX Hong Kong Ltd (from 4 April 2022) and Technology Services Bahamas Limited (Marsh Harbour, Abaco; from 24 August 2021). Several of the Antigua entities share the address Unit 3B, Bryson's Commercial Complex, Friar's Hill Road, St. John's."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-sofa-operating","record":{"id":"c-sub-sofa-operating","kind":"fact","text":"The same answer describes the businesses of other companies in which FTX Trading Ltd. had an interest: Blockfolio Holdings, Inc. (holding company, from 21 October 2020), Crypto Bahamas LLC (hosts and organizes conferences and other events in the Bahamas, from 27 September 2021), FTX Australia Pty Ltd (ASIC-licensed firm for derivatives trading and market making), FTX Canada Inc (holding company for Canada), FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd (digital payment token service provider, from 11 December 2020), FTX Digital Markets Ltd (software platform and marketplace, New Providence, from 3 June 2021), FTX EMEA Ltd. (intermediate holding, Limassol, from 19 November 2021), FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd (investment holding, from 25 March 2021), FTX Europe AG (financial instrument structuring, from 22 July 2021), FTX Japan Holdings K.K. (holding company), FTX Japan Services KK (employment entity), FTX Malta Holdings Ltd (holding company, Valletta, from 16 March 2022), FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd (operator of a digital platform to trade digital payment tokens, from 7 September 2020), FTX Property Holdings Ltd (real estate, Nassau, from 16 June 2022), FTX Services Solutions Ltd. (employment entity, Road Town, Tortola, from 6 June 2022), FTX Turkey (trading vehicle, Istanbul, from 25 June 2020), FTX Zuma Ltd (local marketing, Lagos, from 30 October 2020), GG Trading Terminal Ltd (new market development vehicle, Dublin, from 14 November 2021) and Innovatia Ltd (systems design and consulting, from 15 September 2021).","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","blockfolio-holdings","crypto-bahamas","ftx-australia","ftx-canada","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","fdm","ftx-emea","ftx-equity-record","ftx-europe","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan-services","ftx-malta","ftx-products-sg","ftx-property","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","innovatia"],"qualification":"The dates are those the debtor gave for the period of its interest in each business, not necessarily dates of incorporation; for several companies they differ from register data cited elsewhere in this dossier.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same answer describes the businesses of other companies in which FTX Trading Ltd. had an interest: Blockfolio Holdings, Inc. (holding company, from 21 October 2020), Crypto Bahamas LLC (hosts and organizes conferences and other events in the Bahamas, from 27 September 2021), FTX Australia Pty Ltd (ASIC-licensed firm for derivatives trading and market making), FTX Canada Inc (holding company for Canada), FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd (digital payment token service provider, from 11 December 2020), FTX Digital Markets Ltd (software platform and marketplace, New Providence, from 3 June 2021), FTX EMEA Ltd. (intermediate holding, Limassol, from 19 November 2021), FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd (investment holding, from 25 March 2021), FTX Europe AG (financial instrument structuring, from 22 July 2021), FTX Japan Holdings K.K. (holding company), FTX Japan Services KK (employment entity), FTX Malta Holdings Ltd (holding company, Valletta, from 16 March 2022), FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd (operator of a digital platform to trade digital payment tokens, from 7 September 2020), FTX Property Holdings Ltd (real estate, Nassau, from 16 June 2022), FTX Services Solutions Ltd. (employment entity, Road Town, Tortola, from 6 June 2022), FTX Turkey (trading vehicle, Istanbul, from 25 June 2020), FTX Zuma Ltd (local marketing, Lagos, from 30 October 2020), GG Trading Terminal Ltd (new market development vehicle, Dublin, from 14 November 2021) and Innovatia Ltd (systems design and consulting, from 15 September 2021)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-australia-gleif","record":{"id":"c-sub-australia-gleif","kind":"fact","text":"GLEIF lists FTX Australia Pty Ltd (LEI 5493003XQMG50N1JVU05; Australian register number 129 217 812; Level 6, 228 Pitt Street, Sydney) as the only direct child entity of FTX Trading Limited reported in the LEI system; the child's LEI registration has lapsed.","source_ids":["src-004"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-australia"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: GLEIF lists FTX Australia Pty Ltd (LEI 5493003XQMG50N1JVU05; Australian register number 129 217 812; Level 6, 228 Pitt Street, Sydney) as the only direct child entity of FTX Trading Limited reported in the LEI system; the child's LEI registration has lapsed."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-gibraltar","record":{"id":"c-sub-gibraltar","kind":"fact","text":"An article on the FTX collapse by a Gibraltar law firm reported that FTX (Gibraltar) Limited had a single shareholder, FTX Trading Limited, and that its sole registered director was Sam Bankman-Fried, also a director of ZUBR Exchange Limited. Gibraltar register data reproduced by a company-information service give company number 121225 and an incorporation date of 3 June 2021; it records a notice of 16 February 2023 that the company did not have authority to use its registered address, a first striking-off notice of 22 January 2025, and a final notice that the company was struck off and dissolved on 2 May 2025 under section 412 of the Companies Act.","source_ids":["src-044","src-039"],"entity_ids":["ftx-gibraltar","ftx-trading","sbf","zubr"],"qualification":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs dates its interest in the dormant company from 21 February 2020, earlier than the register's incorporation date.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: An article on the FTX collapse by a Gibraltar law firm reported that FTX (Gibraltar) Limited had a single shareholder, FTX Trading Limited, and that its sole registered director was Sam Bankman-Fried, also a director of ZUBR Exchange Limited. Gibraltar register data reproduced by a company-information service give company number 121225 and an incorporation date of 3 June 2021; it records a notice of 16 February 2023 that the company did not have authority to use its registered address, a first striking-off notice of 22 January 2025, and a final notice that the company was struck off and dissolved on 2 May 2025 under section 412 of the Companies Act."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-canada","record":{"id":"c-sub-canada","kind":"fact","text":"Alberta register data reproduced by a company-information service show FTX Canada Inc as an Alberta corporation, registry number 2024374148, incorporated on 10 June 2022 at 4000, 421 - 7 Ave SW, Calgary, and struck off and dissolved on 15 August 2025. The corporate ownership statement lists FTX Canada Inc as owner of 100% of Bitvo, Inc.","source_ids":["src-043","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-canada","bitvo"],"qualification":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs dates its interest in FTX Canada Inc, a holding company for Canada, from 22 May 2018, before the register's incorporation date.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Alberta register data reproduced by a company-information service show FTX Canada Inc as an Alberta corporation, registry number 2024374148, incorporated on 10 June 2022 at 4000, 421 - 7 Ave SW, Calgary, and struck off and dissolved on 15 August 2025. The corporate ownership statement lists FTX Canada Inc as owner of 100% of Bitvo, Inc."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-equity-record","record":{"id":"c-sub-equity-record","kind":"fact","text":"By a notice of the Financial Services Authority in the Official Gazette of Seychelles No. 61 of 12 October 2026, FTX EQUITY RECORD HOLDINGS LTD. (IBC No. 212173) was struck off the register owing to dissolution with effect from 17 September 2026 under section 297(3)(a) of the International Business Companies Act, 2016.","source_ids":["src-072"],"entity_ids":["ftx-equity-record"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: By a notice of the Financial Services Authority in the Official Gazette of Seychelles No. 61 of 12 October 2026, FTX EQUITY RECORD HOLDINGS LTD. (IBC No. 212173) was struck off the register owing to dissolution with effect from 17 September 2026 under section 297(3)(a) of the International Business Companies Act, 2016."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-singapore","record":{"id":"c-sub-singapore","kind":"fact","text":"Singapore company data (ACRA records reproduced by company-information services) show FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (UEN 202129541K) as incorporated on 24 August 2021 and live, with paid-up capital of USD 2,250,000 and claims.ftx.com as its website; FTX Products (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (UEN 202003830M, formerly Jondal Partners, registered 3 February 2020, paid-up capital USD 1) held its final general meeting in a members' voluntary winding up on 6 October 2025 and was dissolved by 26 March 2026; and Analisya Pte. Ltd. (UEN 201318839R, registered 11 July 2013, paid-up capital SGD 32,000) went into members' voluntary winding up on 26 June 2024 and is recorded as dissolved. FTX Products and Analisya used the same registered address at 8 Marina View, Asia Square Tower 1.","source_ids":["src-071","src-114","src-083","src-113","src-018","src-115"],"entity_ids":["ftx-digital-holdings-sg","ftx-products-sg","analisya"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Singapore company data (ACRA records reproduced by company-information services) show FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (UEN 202129541K) as incorporated on 24 August 2021 and live, with paid-up capital of USD 2,250,000 and claims.ftx.com as its website; FTX Products (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (UEN 202003830M, formerly Jondal Partners, registered 3 February 2020, paid-up capital USD 1) held its final general meeting in a members' voluntary winding up on 6 October 2025 and was dissolved by 26 March 2026; and Analisya Pte. Ltd. (UEN 201318839R, registered 11 July 2013, paid-up capital SGD 32,000) went into members' voluntary winding up on 26 June 2024 and is recorded as dissolved. FTX Products and Analisya used the same registered address at 8 Marina View, Asia Square Tower 1."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-cyprus","record":{"id":"c-sub-cyprus","kind":"fact","text":"Cyprus register data reproduced by company-information services show Innovatia Ltd (registration HE 356108, registered 27 May 2016, active) and FTX Emea Ltd. (formerly Wickerby Ltd., HE 433223, registered 13 April 2022, in liquidation since 12 January 2026) at the same address, Capital Center, Floor 9, 2-4 Archbishop Makarios III Avenue, Nicosia; FTX Crypto Services Limited is registered in Cyprus under HE 435708. The same data list Kurt Steven Knipp as director and A.T.S. Services Limited as secretary of Innovatia, Knipp as a director of FTX Crypto Services Limited and of FTX Emea Ltd., and, in another company-data network, Knipp and Jurg Bavaud as former directors of FTX Emea Ltd.","source_ids":["src-090","src-074"],"entity_ids":["innovatia","ftx-emea","ftx-crypto-services","kurt-knipp","jurg-bavaud","ats-services"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Cyprus register data reproduced by company-information services show Innovatia Ltd (registration HE 356108, registered 27 May 2016, active) and FTX Emea Ltd. (formerly Wickerby Ltd., HE 433223, registered 13 April 2022, in liquidation since 12 January 2026) at the same address, Capital Center, Floor 9, 2-4 Archbishop Makarios III Avenue, Nicosia; FTX Crypto Services Limited is registered in Cyprus under HE 435708. The same data list Kurt Steven Knipp as director and A.T.S. Services Limited as secretary of Innovatia, Knipp as a director of FTX Crypto Services Limited and of FTX Emea Ltd., and, in another company-data network, Knipp and Jurg Bavaud as former directors of FTX Emea Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-zubr","record":{"id":"c-sub-zubr","kind":"fact","text":"In September 2021 a Gibraltar law firm announced that it had advised FTX Trading Limited on its acquisition of the Zubr group of companies, that Zubr Exchange Limited had obtained Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) approval as a distributed ledger technology provider, and that one of its partners, Aaron Payas, had been appointed a non-executive director of Zubr Exchange. An article by another Gibraltar law firm described ZUBR Exchange Limited as a GFSC-authorised digital asset derivatives exchange acquired by FTX Trading Limited in September 2021, whose sole registered shareholder was the Cypriot company Innovatia Limited and whose last filed accounts covered the period to 21 December 2020.","source_ids":["src-076","src-044"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","zubr","innovatia","aaron-payas"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In September 2021 a Gibraltar law firm announced that it had advised FTX Trading Limited on its acquisition of the Zubr group of companies, that Zubr Exchange Limited had obtained Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) approval as a distributed ledger technology provider, and that one of its partners, Aaron Payas, had been appointed a non-executive director of Zubr Exchange. An article by another Gibraltar law firm described ZUBR Exchange Limited as a GFSC-authorised digital asset derivatives exchange acquired by FTX Trading Limited in September 2021, whose sole registered shareholder was the Cypriot company Innovatia Limited and whose last filed accounts covered the period to 21 December 2020."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-zubr-gfsc","record":{"id":"c-sub-zubr-gfsc","kind":"fact","text":"In a statement of 11 January 2023 the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission said it had cancelled ZUBR Exchange Limited's Part 7 permission on 29 December 2022, so that ZUBR no longer had authorisation to conduct regulated activities from or within Gibraltar, and that ZUBR had no customers at the time of cancellation.","source_ids":["src-077","src-068"],"entity_ids":["zubr","gfsc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"Zubr Exchange Limited's own Chapter 11 case was dismissed at the debtors' request on 13 November 2023.","adverse_subject_ids":["zubr"]},"reading":"Fact: In a statement of 11 January 2023 the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission said it had cancelled ZUBR Exchange Limited's Part 7 permission on 29 December 2022, so that ZUBR no longer had authorisation to conduct regulated activities from or within Gibraltar, and that ZUBR had no customers at the time of cancellation."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-btc-africa","record":{"id":"c-sub-btc-africa","kind":"unresolved","text":"The debtors' corporate ownership statement lists BTC Africa S.A. as 100% owned by FTX Europe AG. A company-data profile identifies BTC Africa S.A. (BitPesa) as a Luxembourg company founded by Elizabeth Rossiello, without naming an owner.","source_ids":["src-005","src-081","src-109"],"entity_ids":["btc-africa","ftx-europe","elizabeth-rossiello","aza-finance"],"qualification":"AZA Finance disputes the listing, so whether FTX Europe AG owned BTC Africa S.A. is unresolved in the retained material; no share register or purchase agreement for BTC Africa was retained.","response":"AZA Finance, whose chief executive is Elizabeth Rossiello, stated on the day of the FTX filings that neither FTX nor any associated entity owns or controls AZA Finance or its entities, including BTC Africa, that its entities are not part of the FTX bankruptcy and were listed in error, and that FTX Africa had been a customer of AZA Finance.","outcome":""},"reading":"Unresolved: The debtors' corporate ownership statement lists BTC Africa S.A. as 100% owned by FTX Europe AG. A company-data profile identifies BTC Africa S.A. (BitPesa) as a Luxembourg company founded by Elizabeth Rossiello, without naming an owner."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-ftx-ventures","record":{"id":"c-sub-ftx-ventures","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Ventures Ltd is a British Virgin Islands business company with registration number 2089169 and a debtor in the jointly administered FTX case, according to a share purchase agreement of 4 January 2024 filed by Dave Inc. with the SEC and signed for the seller by John J. Ray III as authorized signatory. A venture-data profile lists FTX Ventures Ltd as an inactive or dissolved fund-management vehicle founded by Sam Bankman-Fried and affiliated with Paper Bird Inc.","source_ids":["src-098","src-116"],"entity_ids":["ftx-ventures","john-ray","sbf","paper-bird","dave-inc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Ventures Ltd is a British Virgin Islands business company with registration number 2089169 and a debtor in the jointly administered FTX case, according to a share purchase agreement of 4 January 2024 filed by Dave Inc. with the SEC and signed for the seller by John J. Ray III as authorized signatory. A venture-data profile lists FTX Ventures Ltd as an inactive or dissolved fund-management vehicle founded by Sam Bankman-Fried and affiliated with Paper Bird Inc."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-sub-jur-other","record":{"id":"c-sub-jur-other","kind":"fact","text":"The same exhibit gives the places of organization of the other debtors in the record: Delaware for Paper Bird Inc., West Realm Shires Inc., West Realm Shires Services Inc., West Realm Shires Financial Services Inc., Alameda Research LLC, Clifton Bay Investments LLC, Island Bay Ventures Inc., North Dimension Inc. and North Wireless Dimension Inc.; the British Virgin Islands for Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Ventures Ltd.; Seychelles for Maclaurin Investments Ltd.; and Antigua and Barbuda for Euclid Way Ltd. The exhibit is the list of FTX debtors attached to the FTX Group's proof of claim of 31 October 2024 against Silvergate Capital Corporation.","source_ids":["src-101"],"entity_ids":["paper-bird","wrs","wrss","wrsfs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","island-bay","north-dimension","north-wireless","alameda-ltd","ftx-ventures","maclaurin","euclid-way"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same exhibit gives the places of organization of the other debtors in the record: Delaware for Paper Bird Inc., West Realm Shires Inc., West Realm Shires Services Inc., West Realm Shires Financial Services Inc., Alameda Research LLC, Clifton Bay Investments LLC, Island Bay Ventures Inc., North Dimension Inc. and North Wireless Dimension Inc.; the British Virgin Islands for Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Ventures Ltd.; Seychelles for Maclaurin Investments Ltd.; and Antigua and Barbuda for Euclid Way Ltd. The exhibit is the list of FTX debtors attached to the FTX Group's proof of claim of 31 October 2024 against Silvergate Capital Corporation."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-form-d","record":{"id":"c-inv-form-d","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Form D of 2 November 2021 reported an offering of securities under the Rule 506(b) exemption with a first sale on 18 October 2021, a total offering amount of $415,341,812, all of it sold, and 85 investors who had already invested.","source_ids":["src-002"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s Form D of 2 November 2021 reported an offering of securities under the Rule 506(b) exemption with a first sale on 18 October 2021, a total offering amount of $415,341,812, all of it sold, and 85 investors who had already invested."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-rounds-sec","record":{"id":"c-inv-rounds-sec","kind":"fact","text":"The SEC's complaint against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang (filed 21 December 2022) states that FTX Trading Ltd. raised at least $1.8 billion from equity investors in several rounds: about $8 million of Series A preferred stock (completed around August 2019), about $1 billion of Series B preferred stock (around July 2021), about $420 million of Series B-1 stock (around October 2021) and about $500 million of Series C stock (around January 2022), of which about $1.1 billion came from roughly 90 investors based in the United States.","source_ids":["src-023"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sec","caroline-ellison","gary-wang"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The SEC's complaint against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang (filed 21 December 2022) states that FTX Trading Ltd. raised at least $1.8 billion from equity investors in several rounds: about $8 million of Series A preferred stock (completed around August 2019), about $1 billion of Series B preferred stock (around July 2021), about $420 million of Series B-1 stock (around October 2021) and about $500 million of Series C stock (around January 2022), of which about $1.1 billion came from roughly 90 investors based in the United States."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-rounds-debtors","record":{"id":"c-inv-rounds-debtors","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first-day presentation charts the group's financing as a Series A in which Binance entered a strategic partnership and invested in FTX, followed by Binance's divestment of its entire equity stake; a Series B of $1 billion (investors including Sequoia, Paradigm and Thoma Bravo); a Series B-1 of $420 million (including the Ontario Teachers' pension plan, Tiger Global and BlackRock); a Series C of $500 million (including Paradigm, SoftBank and Temasek); and a separate $400 million Series A (including Multicoin, Paradigm and Sequoia), on a timeline running from November 2019 to January 2022.","source_ids":["src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","binance","wrs"],"qualification":"The retained text of the chart does not show which rounds belonged to FTX Trading Ltd. and which to West Realm Shires Inc.; the $1 billion, $420 million and $500 million rounds match the Series B, B-1 and C rounds the SEC attributes to FTX Trading Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first-day presentation charts the group's financing as a Series A in which Binance entered a strategic partnership and invested in FTX, followed by Binance's divestment of its entire equity stake; a Series B of $1 billion (investors including Sequoia, Paradigm and Thoma Bravo); a Series B-1 of $420 million (including the Ontario Teachers' pension plan, Tiger Global and BlackRock); a Series C of $500 million (including Paradigm, SoftBank and Temasek); and a separate $400 million Series A (including Multicoin, Paradigm and Sequoia), on a timeline running from November 2019 to January 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-binance","record":{"id":"c-inv-binance","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' presentation quotes a public statement by Binance's chief executive that, as part of Binance's exit from FTX equity, Binance received roughly $2.1 billion in cash equivalents (BUSD and FTT). The SEC's complaint states that on 6 November 2022 Binance held FTT tokens then valued at more than $500 million that it had received from FTX as part of Bankman-Fried's buyout of Binance's equity in FTX as an early-round investor.","source_ids":["src-012","src-023"],"entity_ids":["binance","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"Neither source names the FTX legal entity that bought back Binance's stake or the date of the buyout.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' presentation quotes a public statement by Binance's chief executive that, as part of Binance's exit from FTX equity, Binance received roughly $2.1 billion in cash equivalents (BUSD and FTT). The SEC's complaint states that on 6 November 2022 Binance held FTT tokens then valued at more than $500 million that it had received from FTX as part of Bankman-Fried's buyout of Binance's equity in FTX as an early-round investor."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-holders-1","record":{"id":"c-inv-holders-1","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s equity holder list (Exhibit B to Doc 450, filed 9 January 2023) includes Artz Fund Investments Pte Ltd. of Singapore (contact at a Temasek address) with 1,526,228 common, 3,815,337 Series B preferred and 381,557 Series B-1 preferred shares; Paradigm Green Fortitudo LP with 1,526,135 Series B and 575,310 Series C preferred shares; Paradigm One LP with 1,054,735 Series C preferred shares; and SVF II Tempest (DE) LLC (SoftBank contacts) with 2,861,504 Series B and 215,741 Series C preferred shares.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","artz-fund","paradigm-green","paradigm-one","svf-tempest"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s equity holder list (Exhibit B to Doc 450, filed 9 January 2023) includes Artz Fund Investments Pte Ltd. of Singapore (contact at a Temasek address) with 1,526,228 common, 3,815,337 Series B preferred and 381,557 Series B-1 preferred shares; Paradigm Green Fortitudo LP with 1,526,135 Series B and 575,310 Series C preferred shares; Paradigm One LP with 1,054,735 Series C preferred shares; and SVF II Tempest (DE) LLC (SoftBank contacts) with 2,861,504 Series B and 215,741 Series C preferred shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-holders-2","record":{"id":"c-inv-holders-2","kind":"fact","text":"The same list shows Thoma Bravo Growth Fund A, L.P. with 3,508,162 and Thoma Bravo Growth Fund, L.P. with 1,070,244 Series B preferred shares; Tiger Global PIP 15 LLC with 236,565 common, 59,141 Series B-1 and 323,612 Series C preferred shares; Third Point Ventures LLC, as nominee for funds managed or advised by Third Point LLC, with 431,482 Series C preferred shares; SCGE Fund, L.P. (Sequoia contact) with 1,831,472 common and 457,868 Series B-1 preferred shares; Sequoia Capital Global Growth Fund III - Endurance Partners, L.P. with 457,868 common shares; and 2873313 Ontario Limited (Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan contacts) with 2,233,504 common and 558,376 Series B-1 preferred shares.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","thoma-bravo-a","thoma-bravo","tiger-global","third-point","scge","sequoia-endurance","ontario-2873313"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same list shows Thoma Bravo Growth Fund A, L.P. with 3,508,162 and Thoma Bravo Growth Fund, L.P. with 1,070,244 Series B preferred shares; Tiger Global PIP 15 LLC with 236,565 common, 59,141 Series B-1 and 323,612 Series C preferred shares; Third Point Ventures LLC, as nominee for funds managed or advised by Third Point LLC, with 431,482 Series C preferred shares; SCGE Fund, L.P. (Sequoia contact) with 1,831,472 common and 457,868 Series B-1 preferred shares; Sequoia Capital Global Growth Fund III - Endurance Partners, L.P. with 457,868 common shares; and 2873313 Ontario Limited (Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan contacts) with 2,233,504 common and 558,376 Series B-1 preferred shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-singh-holder","record":{"id":"c-inv-singh-holder","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s equity holder list shows Nishad Singh as holder of 44,000,000 common shares.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","nishad-singh"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s equity holder list shows Nishad Singh as holder of 44,000,000 common shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-wrs-holders","record":{"id":"c-inv-wrs-holders","kind":"fact","text":"West Realm Shires Inc.'s equity holder list (Exhibit A to Doc 450) shows Samuel Bankman-Fried with 791,303,000 Class A and 1,116,389,000 Class B common shares and 109,409,190 Series A preferred shares, Zixiao Wang with 247,545,000 Class A and 356,624,000 Class B common shares, Ryan Salame with 5,520,000 Class A common shares, and Artz Fund Investments Pte Ltd. with 32,758,000 Class A common and 26,258,205 Series A preferred shares.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["wrs","sbf","gary-wang","ryan-salame","artz-fund"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: West Realm Shires Inc.'s equity holder list (Exhibit A to Doc 450) shows Samuel Bankman-Fried with 791,303,000 Class A and 1,116,389,000 Class B common shares and 109,409,190 Series A preferred shares, Zixiao Wang with 247,545,000 Class A and 356,624,000 Class B common shares, Ryan Salame with 5,520,000 Class A common shares, and Artz Fund Investments Pte Ltd. with 32,758,000 Class A common and 26,258,205 Series A preferred shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-inv-skybridge-fund","record":{"id":"c-inv-skybridge-fund","kind":"fact","text":"The same equity holder lists show SkyBridge Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC – Series G, listed with an address at 527 Madison Avenue, New York, and SkyBridge contacts, holding 1,310,000 Class A common shares of West Realm Shires Inc. and 244,196 common and 61,049 Series B-1 preferred shares of FTX Trading Ltd.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["skybridge-fund","wrs","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The lists give holdings as of their filing on 9 January 2023; they do not show when or at what price the shares were acquired, and the fund is a separate entity from SkyBridge Capital II, LLC.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same equity holder lists show SkyBridge Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC – Series G, listed with an address at 527 Madison Avenue, New York, and SkyBridge contacts, holding 1,310,000 Class A common shares of West Realm Shires Inc. and 244,196 common and 61,049 Series B-1 preferred shares of FTX Trading Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-entities","record":{"id":"c-ala-entities","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's first-day declaration describes Alameda Research LLC, organized in Delaware, as the parent and primary operating company of the Alameda Silo, which before the petition date operated quantitative trading funds specializing in crypto assets and offered over-the-counter trading; Ray summarized it as a \"crypto hedge fund\" trading for the account of its owners, Sam Bankman-Fried (90%) and Gary Wang (10%).","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf","gary-wang","john-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's first-day declaration describes Alameda Research LLC, organized in Delaware, as the parent and primary operating company of the Alameda Silo, which before the petition date operated quantitative trading funds specializing in crypto assets and offered over-the-counter trading; Ray summarized it as a \"crypto hedge fund\" trading for the account of its owners, Sam Bankman-Fried (90%) and Gary Wang (10%)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-cftc-profile","record":{"id":"c-ala-cftc-profile","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order of 7 August 2024 finds that Alameda Research LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, did business together with its subsidiaries and affiliates as \"Alameda\", a digital asset trading and investment firm that was never registered with the CFTC; that it was founded by Sam Bankman-Fried in November 2017 and initially operated from Berkeley, California; and that Bankman-Fried was its chief executive until August 2021, when he appointed Caroline Ellison and another person as co-chief executives, while remaining a signatory on Alameda's bank accounts and keeping direct decision-making authority over all its major trading, investment and financial decisions.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf","caroline-ellison","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order of 7 August 2024 finds that Alameda Research LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, did business together with its subsidiaries and affiliates as \"Alameda\", a digital asset trading and investment firm that was never registered with the CFTC; that it was founded by Sam Bankman-Fried in November 2017 and initially operated from Berkeley, California; and that Bankman-Fried was its chief executive until August 2021, when he appointed Caroline Ellison and another person as co-chief executives, while remaining a signatory on Alameda's bank accounts and keeping direct decision-making authority over all its major trading, investment and financial decisions."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-jpl-definition","record":{"id":"c-ala-jpl-definition","kind":"fact","text":"The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. use \"Alameda\" collectively for Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Limited and North Dimension Inc., so that figures they give for \"Alameda\" are not attributed to a single legal entity.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","north-dimension"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. use \"Alameda\" collectively for Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Limited and North Dimension Inc., so that figures they give for \"Alameda\" are not attributed to a single legal entity."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-leadership","record":{"id":"c-ala-leadership","kind":"fact","text":"Alameda's leadership changed in 2021–2022. A press release issued by Alameda Research in Berkeley on 12 October 2021 announced Caroline Ellison and Sam Trabucco as co-chief executives and described Sam Bankman-Fried as Alameda's founder and chief executive of FTX Trading Limited. The SEC's complaint states that Bankman-Fried was Alameda's chief executive from its inception until around October 2021 and that Ellison became sole chief executive around August 2022; it describes Ellison as formally chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd., a subsidiary of Alameda Research LLC.","source_ids":["src-102","src-023","src-059"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","caroline-ellison","sam-trabucco","sbf","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order dates Bankman-Fried's replacement as chief executive to August 2021, and a debtors' motion of November 2024 dates Trabucco's term as co-chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd. from August 2021 to August 2022; the press release is dated 12 October 2021.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Alameda's leadership changed in 2021–2022. A press release issued by Alameda Research in Berkeley on 12 October 2021 announced Caroline Ellison and Sam Trabucco as co-chief executives and described Sam Bankman-Fried as Alameda's founder and chief executive of FTX Trading Limited. The SEC's complaint states that Bankman-Fried was Alameda's chief executive from its inception until around October 2021 and that Ellison became sole chief executive around August 2022; it describes Ellison as formally chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd., a subsidiary of Alameda Research LLC."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-gleif","record":{"id":"c-ala-gleif","kind":"fact","text":"GLEIF's record for Alameda Research LLC (LEI 549300P3A4I4DQEUT196) gives Delaware register RA000602 number 6625161, a legal address care of a registered agent in Dover, Delaware, and a headquarters address at 2000 Center Street, 4th Floor, Berkeley, California, the same street address that FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs lists among FTX Trading's addresses from 27 August 2019. The LEI was first registered on 1 November 2018 and lapsed after its last update on 4 August 2023.","source_ids":["src-107","src-011"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"A shared address appears in both records; it does not by itself show common control or any transaction between the two companies.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: GLEIF's record for Alameda Research LLC (LEI 549300P3A4I4DQEUT196) gives Delaware register RA000602 number 6625161, a legal address care of a registered agent in Dover, Delaware, and a headquarters address at 2000 Center Street, 4th Floor, Berkeley, California, the same street address that FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs lists among FTX Trading's addresses from 27 August 2019. The LEI was first registered on 1 November 2018 and lapsed after its last update on 4 August 2023."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-maclaurin","record":{"id":"c-ala-maclaurin","kind":"fact","text":"According to the debtors' filing of 11 December 2023, Alameda Ventures Ltd. was founded in December 2019 by Sam Bankman-Fried, Wing Man Charis Law and Luk Wai Chan as a Seychelles international business company, with the three as its first directors; it was renamed Maclaurin Investments Ltd. in September 2022, and Law and Chan resigned as directors in November 2022. Maclaurin is wholly owned by Alameda Research Ltd., which is wholly owned by Alameda Research LLC. On 6 February 2023 Alameda Research Ltd., as sole shareholder, ratified John J. Ray III's appointment as chief executive, the appointment of Kurt Steven Knipp as director and the filing of the petitions; the resolution was signed by Matthew Rosenberg, then sole director of Alameda Research Ltd.","source_ids":["src-009","src-005"],"entity_ids":["maclaurin","sbf","wing-man-charis-law","luk-wai-chan","alameda-ltd","alameda-llc","john-ray","kurt-knipp","matt-rosenberg","caroline-ellison"],"qualification":"The debtors add that Caroline Ellison was a director of Alameda Research Ltd. and signed documents on Maclaurin's behalf but was never a director of Maclaurin; Maclaurin's amended Statement of Financial Affairs of 5 December 2023 removed her from its list of directors.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the debtors' filing of 11 December 2023, Alameda Ventures Ltd. was founded in December 2019 by Sam Bankman-Fried, Wing Man Charis Law and Luk Wai Chan as a Seychelles international business company, with the three as its first directors; it was renamed Maclaurin Investments Ltd. in September 2022, and Law and Chan resigned as directors in November 2022. Maclaurin is wholly owned by Alameda Research Ltd., which is wholly owned by Alameda Research LLC. On 6 February 2023 Alameda Research Ltd., as sole shareholder, ratified John J. Ray III's appointment as chief executive, the appointment of Kurt Steven Knipp as director and the filing of the petitions; the resolution was signed by Matthew Rosenberg, then sole director of Alameda Research Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-wang-cofounder","record":{"id":"c-ala-wang-cofounder","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 describes Gary Wang as a co-founder of Alameda Research Ltd., West Realm Shires, Inc. and West Realm Shires Services, Inc.","source_ids":["src-085"],"entity_ids":["gary-wang","alameda-ltd","wrs","wrss"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 describes Gary Wang as a co-founder of Alameda Research Ltd., West Realm Shires, Inc. and West Realm Shires Services, Inc."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-privileges-cftc","record":{"id":"c-ala-privileges-cftc","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order finds that throughout the relevant period Alameda's account on FTX had a special \"Allow Negative\" flag in the FTX code, which allowed Alameda to withdraw an unlimited amount of digital assets from the FTX.com exchange while having a net-negative balance and exempted its account from automatic liquidation, and that Alameda's borrowing limit was set to $65 billion, giving it the unique ability to borrow and withdraw digital assets directly from FTX.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order finds that throughout the relevant period Alameda's account on FTX had a special \"Allow Negative\" flag in the FTX code, which allowed Alameda to withdraw an unlimited amount of digital assets from the FTX.com exchange while having a net-negative balance and exempted its account from automatic liquidation, and that Alameda's borrowing limit was set to $65 billion, giving it the unique ability to borrow and withdraw digital assets directly from FTX."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-privileges-ray","record":{"id":"c-ala-privileges-ray","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report on control failures (9 April 2023) states that at the petition date Alameda Research LLC alone had a borrow limit of $65 billion on the FTX.com exchange, where other market makers had limits of up to $150 million, and that two secretly granted features, can_withdraw_below_borrow and allow_negative, let Alameda withdraw unlimited crypto assets while its balance was net-negative and exempted it from automatic liquidation; Nishad Singh added the features to the FTX.com codebase on 23 and 31 July 2019, and Alameda was the only FTX.com customer with allow_negative set to true at the petition date.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","nishad-singh"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report on control failures (9 April 2023) states that at the petition date Alameda Research LLC alone had a borrow limit of $65 billion on the FTX.com exchange, where other market makers had limits of up to $150 million, and that two secretly granted features, can_withdraw_below_borrow and allow_negative, let Alameda withdraw unlimited crypto assets while its balance was net-negative and exempted it from automatic liquidation; Nishad Singh added the features to the FTX.com codebase on 23 and 31 July 2019, and Alameda was the only FTX.com customer with allow_negative set to true at the petition date."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-privileges-sec","record":{"id":"c-ala-privileges-sec","kind":"attributed","text":"The SEC's complaint alleges that, at Bankman-Fried's direction, FTX engineers including Gary Wang repeatedly raised the amount by which Alameda could keep a negative balance on FTX, creating an unofficial \"line of credit\" that grew to tens of billions of dollars and was funded by other customers' deposits, and that in about May 2020 they exempted Alameda from the auto-liquidation feature of FTX's margin trading; no other FTX customer had such terms.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","gary-wang","sec"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the SEC's civil complaint of 21 December 2022 against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang.","response":"The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations: without denying them, they consented to final judgments. Bankman-Fried, who is not a defendant in this complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct.","outcome":"The SEC filed the proposed final consent judgments on 19 December 2025, subject to court approval; Ellison and Wang had pleaded guilty in the parallel criminal case on 19 December 2022. Bankman-Fried was found guilty at trial, sentenced to 25 years in prison on 28 March 2024, and the judgment was affirmed on appeal.","adverse_subject_ids":["sbf","gary-wang"]},"reading":"Attributed: The SEC's complaint alleges that, at Bankman-Fried's direction, FTX engineers including Gary Wang repeatedly raised the amount by which Alameda could keep a negative balance on FTX, creating an unofficial \"line of credit\" that grew to tens of billions of dollars and was funded by other customers' deposits, and that in about May 2020 they exempted Alameda from the auto-liquidation feature of FTX's margin trading; no other FTX customer had such terms."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-first-day-governance","record":{"id":"c-ala-first-day-governance","kind":"fact","text":"In his first-day declaration Ray identified among the failures he found the use of software to conceal the misuse of customer funds, the secret exemption of Alameda from aspects of FTX.com's auto-liquidation protocol, and the absence of independent governance between Alameda, owned 90% by Bankman-Fried and 10% by Wang, and the Dotcom Silo, in which third parties had invested.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","john-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In his first-day declaration Ray identified among the failures he found the use of software to conceal the misuse of customer funds, the secret exemption of Alameda from aspects of FTX.com's auto-liquidation protocol, and the absence of independent governance between Alameda, owned 90% by Bankman-Fried and 10% by Wang, and the Dotcom Silo, in which third parties had invested."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-fiat-accounts-ray","record":{"id":"c-ala-fiat-accounts-ray","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report (26 June 2023), which uses \"Alameda\" for Alameda Research Ltd., states that instead of opening bank accounts in the name of FTX Trading Ltd. the FTX Group used Alameda's existing accounts to receive deposits from and pay withdrawals to FTX.com customers: between at least 16 November 2019 and 30 August 2020 FTX.com customers received wire instructions printed on Alameda letterhead that directed them to more than a dozen Alameda accounts, including account Alameda-4456. In 2020 alone that account received over $250 million directly from customers, over $250 million from Alameda's trading counterparties and over $4 billion from other Alameda accounts funded in part by customer deposits.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report (26 June 2023), which uses \"Alameda\" for Alameda Research Ltd., states that instead of opening bank accounts in the name of FTX Trading Ltd. the FTX Group used Alameda's existing accounts to receive deposits from and pay withdrawals to FTX.com customers: between at least 16 November 2019 and 30 August 2020 FTX.com customers received wire instructions printed on Alameda letterhead that directed them to more than a dozen Alameda accounts, including account Alameda-4456. In 2020 alone that account received over $250 million directly from customers, over $250 million from Alameda's trading counterparties and over $4 billion from other Alameda accounts funded in part by customer deposits."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-north-dimension","record":{"id":"c-ala-north-dimension","kind":"fact","text":"The same report describes North Dimension Inc. as a shell company without operations or employees that the FTX Group used to obtain bank accounts after banks questioned the Alameda accounts: at the direction of a senior FTX Group attorney the group told a bank that North Dimension was a trading firm with 2,000 counterparties and $10 million of average monthly volume, an answer Bankman-Fried signed and certified, and from April 2021 FTX.com customers were instructed to wire funds to accounts North Dimension-8738 and -8746. By 31 December 2021 the North Dimension accounts had received at least $1 billion of customer deposits and at least $2 billion from other FTX Group accounts.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["north-dimension","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"The bank, the attorney and the counterparties are not named in the report; the description of North Dimension as a shell is the debtors' characterization.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same report describes North Dimension Inc. as a shell company without operations or employees that the FTX Group used to obtain bank accounts after banks questioned the Alameda accounts: at the direction of a senior FTX Group attorney the group told a bank that North Dimension was a trading firm with 2,000 counterparties and $10 million of average monthly volume, an answer Bankman-Fried signed and certified, and from April 2021 FTX.com customers were instructed to wire funds to accounts North Dimension-8738 and -8746. By 31 December 2021 the North Dimension accounts had received at least $1 billion of customer deposits and at least $2 billion from other FTX Group accounts."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-fiat-sec","record":{"id":"c-ala-fiat-sec","kind":"attributed","text":"The SEC's complaint alleges that from the start of FTX's operations in about May 2019 until at least 2021 FTX customers deposited fiat currency into bank accounts controlled by Alameda, some of them in the name of its subsidiary North Dimension Inc., whose website disclosed no connection to Alameda; that Alameda commingled these funds with its own assets; and that the multi-billion-dollar liability was recorded in an internal FTX account called \"fiat@ftx.com\" that was not tied to Alameda.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","north-dimension","sec"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the SEC's civil complaint of 21 December 2022 against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang.","response":"The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations: without denying them, they consented to final judgments. Bankman-Fried, who is not a defendant in this complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct.","outcome":"The SEC filed the proposed final consent judgments on 19 December 2025, subject to court approval; Ellison and Wang had pleaded guilty in the parallel criminal case on 19 December 2022. Bankman-Fried was found guilty at trial, sentenced to 25 years in prison on 28 March 2024, and the judgment was affirmed on appeal.","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Attributed: The SEC's complaint alleges that from the start of FTX's operations in about May 2019 until at least 2021 FTX customers deposited fiat currency into bank accounts controlled by Alameda, some of them in the name of its subsidiary North Dimension Inc., whose website disclosed no connection to Alameda; that Alameda commingled these funds with its own assets; and that the multi-billion-dollar liability was recorded in an internal FTX account called \"fiat@ftx.com\" that was not tied to Alameda."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-fiat-cftc","record":{"id":"c-ala-fiat-cftc","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order finds that when FTX launched in 2019 customers seeking to deposit fiat currency were directed to bank accounts owned and controlled by Alameda, some opened in the name of North Dimension, Inc., a wholly owned Delaware subsidiary of Alameda; that the internal account reflecting these deposits showed as much as $11 billion at times before November 2022; that FTX opened its own accounts for the benefit of customers in 2020, but some customer deposits continued to reach Alameda accounts afterwards; and that from FTX's launch Alameda used customer fiat and digital assets for its own trading, investment and lending without customer authorization, although section 8.2.6 of FTX Trading's Terms of Service prohibited such use.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","north-dimension","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order finds that when FTX launched in 2019 customers seeking to deposit fiat currency were directed to bank accounts owned and controlled by Alameda, some opened in the name of North Dimension, Inc., a wholly owned Delaware subsidiary of Alameda; that the internal account reflecting these deposits showed as much as $11 billion at times before November 2022; that FTX opened its own accounts for the benefit of customers in 2020, but some customer deposits continued to reach Alameda accounts afterwards; and that from FTX's launch Alameda used customer fiat and digital assets for its own trading, investment and lending without customer authorization, although section 8.2.6 of FTX Trading's Terms of Service prohibited such use."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-8bn-liability","record":{"id":"c-ala-8bn-liability","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order finds that by about mid-2022 FTX's internal ledgers showed Alameda's U.S. dollar fiat liability to FTX at approximately $8 billion, and that at Bankman-Fried's direction FTX executives concealed it by reallocating it to a customer account that Bankman-Fried later called \"our Korean friend's account\", which was reassigned so that it was no longer readily identifiable as an Alameda account.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf"]},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order finds that by about mid-2022 FTX's internal ledgers showed Alameda's U.S. dollar fiat liability to FTX at approximately $8 billion, and that at Bankman-Fried's direction FTX executives concealed it by reallocating it to a customer account that Bankman-Fried later called \"our Korean friend's account\", which was reassigned so that it was no longer readily identifiable as an Alameda account."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-cftc-collapse","record":{"id":"c-ala-cftc-collapse","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order further finds that Bankman-Fried and other FTX representatives publicly said customer assets were segregated and held in custody, including in his testimony to a U.S. Senate committee on 9 February 2022; that Alameda's loans at times exceeded $10 billion in notional value, secured largely by FTT and other illiquid tokens valued without appropriate discounts, and that FTT made up an extremely high portion of Alameda's $14.6 billion of assets at 30 June 2022; and that by late on 7 November 2022 FTX lacked sufficient assets to meet withdrawals, which Bankman-Fried, Ellison and others acknowledged internally was because customer funds had been misappropriated, while Bankman-Fried publicly portrayed a liquidity problem and falsely stated that FTX remained solvent. A balance sheet prepared for prospective investors showed an $8 billion negative balance in a hidden, poorly labelled \"fiat@\" account.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["cftc","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","sbf","caroline-ellison"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order further finds that Bankman-Fried and other FTX representatives publicly said customer assets were segregated and held in custody, including in his testimony to a U.S. Senate committee on 9 February 2022; that Alameda's loans at times exceeded $10 billion in notional value, secured largely by FTT and other illiquid tokens valued without appropriate discounts, and that FTT made up an extremely high portion of Alameda's $14.6 billion of assets at 30 June 2022; and that by late on 7 November 2022 FTX lacked sufficient assets to meet withdrawals, which Bankman-Fried, Ellison and others acknowledged internally was because customer funds had been misappropriated, while Bankman-Fried publicly portrayed a liquidity problem and falsely stated that FTX remained solvent. A balance sheet prepared for prospective investors showed an $8 billion negative balance in a hidden, poorly labelled \"fiat@\" account."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-payment-agent","record":{"id":"c-ala-payment-agent","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that a senior FTX Group attorney created a \"Payment Agent Agreement\" between Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading Ltd. on 12 April 2021 (the executed version was last modified on 16 April 2021) and gave it an effective date of 1 June 2019, and that Bankman-Fried signed it for both parties. Under it Alameda was to provide mere payment services, although, the report says, Alameda never transferred customer deposits to FTX. FTX Trading Ltd. told its outside auditor that Alameda provided \"cash management services\" to FTX, and the resulting audited financial statement of FTX Trading Ltd. recorded no FTX.com customer fiat; it was shared with potential investors in the Series C financing that closed in January 2022.","source_ids":["src-036","src-023"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"The report calls the agreement a sham and backdated; that is the debtors' characterization. The report puts the Series C at $400 million, while the SEC's complaint gives about $500 million.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report states that a senior FTX Group attorney created a \"Payment Agent Agreement\" between Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading Ltd. on 12 April 2021 (the executed version was last modified on 16 April 2021) and gave it an effective date of 1 June 2019, and that Bankman-Fried signed it for both parties. Under it Alameda was to provide mere payment services, although, the report says, Alameda never transferred customer deposits to FTX. FTX Trading Ltd. told its outside auditor that Alameda provided \"cash management services\" to FTX, and the resulting audited financial statement of FTX Trading Ltd. recorded no FTX.com customer fiat; it was shared with potential investors in the Series C financing that closed in January 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-may-2022-sec","record":{"id":"c-ala-may-2022-sec","kind":"attributed","text":"The SEC's complaint alleges that when crypto prices fell in May 2022 and lenders demanded repayment from Alameda, Bankman-Fried directed Caroline Ellison to draw on Alameda's line of credit from FTX, so that billions of dollars of FTX customer funds went to repay Alameda's third-party loans; that Ellison, at his direction, hid the line of credit in the Alameda balance sheets shown to lenders; and that the drawings continued in summer 2022, funding hundreds of millions of dollars of \"loans\" to Bankman-Fried and other FTX executives.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","caroline-ellison","sec"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the SEC's civil complaint of 21 December 2022 against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang.","response":"The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations: without denying them, they consented to final judgments. Bankman-Fried, who is not a defendant in this complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct.","outcome":"The SEC filed the proposed final consent judgments on 19 December 2025, subject to court approval; Ellison and Wang had pleaded guilty in the parallel criminal case on 19 December 2022. Bankman-Fried was found guilty at trial, sentenced to 25 years in prison on 28 March 2024, and the judgment was affirmed on appeal.","adverse_subject_ids":["sbf","caroline-ellison"]},"reading":"Attributed: The SEC's complaint alleges that when crypto prices fell in May 2022 and lenders demanded repayment from Alameda, Bankman-Fried directed Caroline Ellison to draw on Alameda's line of credit from FTX, so that billions of dollars of FTX customer funds went to repay Alameda's third-party loans; that Ellison, at his direction, hid the line of credit in the Alameda balance sheets shown to lenders; and that the drawings continued in summer 2022, funding hundreds of millions of dollars of \"loans\" to Bankman-Fried and other FTX executives."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-cftc-2022","record":{"id":"c-ala-cftc-2022","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order finds that in 2022, without enough liquid assets to meet margin calls and called loans, Alameda increased its use of FTX customer assets to meet external debt obligations, relying on its undisclosed ordinary-course access through its FTX account to make withdrawals of several billion dollars in notional value.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order finds that in 2022, without enough liquid assets to meet margin calls and called loans, Alameda increased its use of FTX customer assets to meet external debt obligations, relying on its undisclosed ordinary-course access through its FTX account to make withdrawals of several billion dollars in notional value."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-13-7bn","record":{"id":"c-ala-13-7bn","kind":"attributed","text":"In their complaint of 8 November 2024 against SkyBridge, the debtors cite Caroline Ellison's trial testimony that by 1 September 2022 Alameda Research Ltd. was \"borrowing\" $13.7 billion from FTX that it had no meaningful ability to repay, that the commingled customer assets Alameda was borrowing had reached nearly $14 billion by September 2022, and that FTX had loaned Alameda $1.6 billion it raised from investors, which had been concealed from FTX's auditors.","source_ids":["src-085","src-061","src-063","src-064","src-019"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","caroline-ellison"],"qualification":"The figures come from testimony quoted in the debtors' pleading; the retained record does not include the trial transcript.","response":"","outcome":"Ellison pleaded guilty in December 2022 and was sentenced in September 2024; Bankman-Fried was convicted and his conviction was affirmed on appeal.","adverse_subject_ids":["alameda-ltd"]},"reading":"Attributed: In their complaint of 8 November 2024 against SkyBridge, the debtors cite Caroline Ellison's trial testimony that by 1 September 2022 Alameda Research Ltd. was \"borrowing\" $13.7 billion from FTX that it had no meaningful ability to repay, that the commingled customer assets Alameda was borrowing had reached nearly $14 billion by September 2022, and that FTX had loaned Alameda $1.6 billion it raised from investors, which had been concealed from FTX's auditors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-pleas","record":{"id":"c-ala-pleas","kind":"attributed","text":"The same complaint quotes the plea hearings of Nishad Singh and Gary Wang for the statement that Alameda routinely took \"several billion dollar[s]\" from FTX.com using its special privileges, and Caroline Ellison's plea hearing for her agreement with Bankman-Fried, by about July 2022, to provide Alameda's lenders with materially misleading financial statements and not to disclose publicly the true nature of the relationship between Alameda and FTX, including Alameda's credit arrangement.","source_ids":["src-085","src-061","src-063","src-064"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","nishad-singh","gary-wang","caroline-ellison","sbf"],"qualification":"The statements are quoted from plea transcripts as cited by the debtors; the transcripts themselves were not retained. The complaint uses \"Alameda\" for Alameda Research LLC and its affiliates.","response":"","outcome":"Singh, Wang and Ellison were sentenced in 2024 after cooperating with the prosecution.","adverse_subject_ids":["alameda-llc","caroline-ellison"]},"reading":"Attributed: The same complaint quotes the plea hearings of Nishad Singh and Gary Wang for the statement that Alameda routinely took \"several billion dollar[s]\" from FTX.com using its special privileges, and Caroline Ellison's plea hearing for her agreement with Bankman-Fried, by about July 2022, to provide Alameda's lenders with materially misleading financial statements and not to disclose publicly the true nature of the relationship between Alameda and FTX, including Alameda's credit arrangement."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-ftt","record":{"id":"c-ala-ftt","kind":"attributed","text":"The SEC's complaint alleges that when FTX launched its FTT token in July 2019, Alameda received a substantial portion of the 350 million tokens minted, including all the \"company tokens\" allocated to FTX, without paying for them, and that Alameda borrowed billions of dollars from third-party lenders against collateral consisting largely of FTT, an illiquid crypto asset security issued by FTX. It further alleges that on more than one occasion, in 2019 and again in 2021, Alameda and Ellison, at Bankman-Fried's direction, traded FTT to support its price, inflating the value of the FTT collateral on Alameda's balance sheet and concealing Alameda's true risk exposure from its lenders.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sec","caroline-ellison","sbf"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the SEC's civil complaint of 21 December 2022 against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang.","response":"The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations: without denying them, they consented to final judgments. Bankman-Fried, who is not a defendant in this complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct.","outcome":"The SEC filed the proposed final consent judgments on 19 December 2025, subject to court approval; Ellison and Wang had pleaded guilty in the parallel criminal case on 19 December 2022. Bankman-Fried was found guilty at trial, sentenced to 25 years in prison on 28 March 2024, and the judgment was affirmed on appeal."},"reading":"Attributed: The SEC's complaint alleges that when FTX launched its FTT token in July 2019, Alameda received a substantial portion of the 350 million tokens minted, including all the \"company tokens\" allocated to FTX, without paying for them, and that Alameda borrowed billions of dollars from third-party lenders against collateral consisting largely of FTT, an illiquid crypto asset security issued by FTX. It further alleges that on more than one occasion, in 2019 and again in 2021, Alameda and Ellison, at Bankman-Fried's direction, traded FTT to support its price, inflating the value of the FTT collateral on Alameda's balance sheet and concealing Alameda's true risk exposure from its lenders."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-ellison-meeting","record":{"id":"c-ala-ellison-meeting","kind":"attributed","text":"According to the SEC's complaint, during a meeting with Alameda employees on or about 9 November 2022 Caroline Ellison admitted that she, Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh had been aware that FTX customer funds had been used by Alameda. A news report based on an audio recording of that all-hands meeting in Hong Kong, played at Bankman-Fried's trial, quotes Ellison telling about 15 staff that Alameda had borrowed funds from FTX, leaving FTX short of user funds, that FTX had \"basically always allowed Alameda to borrow users' funds\", and that the funds came from both FTX and FTX.US.","source_ids":["src-023","src-054"],"entity_ids":["caroline-ellison","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","wrss","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","sec"],"qualification":"The quotations are as reported; the recording itself was not retained. Neither source names the Alameda legal entity concerned.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: According to the SEC's complaint, during a meeting with Alameda employees on or about 9 November 2022 Caroline Ellison admitted that she, Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh had been aware that FTX customer funds had been used by Alameda. A news report based on an audio recording of that all-hands meeting in Hong Kong, played at Bankman-Fried's trial, quotes Ellison telling about 15 staff that Alameda had borrowed funds from FTX, leaving FTX short of user funds, that FTX had \"basically always allowed Alameda to borrow users' funds\", and that the funds came from both FTX and FTX.US."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-insider-loans-ray","record":{"id":"c-ala-insider-loans-ray","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's first-day declaration records related-party loans receivable of $4.1 billion at Alameda Research (consolidated) as of 30 September 2022, consisting primarily of a $2.3 billion loan by Euclid Way Ltd. to Paper Bird Inc. and three loans by Alameda Research Ltd.: $1 billion to Bankman-Fried, $543 million to Nishad Singh and $55 million to Ryan Salame.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","euclid-way","paper-bird","alameda-ltd","sbf","nishad-singh","ryan-salame"],"qualification":"Ray stated that he did not rely on the group's unaudited balance sheets.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's first-day declaration records related-party loans receivable of $4.1 billion at Alameda Research (consolidated) as of 30 September 2022, consisting primarily of a $2.3 billion loan by Euclid Way Ltd. to Paper Bird Inc. and three loans by Alameda Research Ltd.: $1 billion to Bankman-Fried, $543 million to Nishad Singh and $55 million to Ryan Salame."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-insider-loans-sec","record":{"id":"c-ala-insider-loans-sec","kind":"attributed","text":"The SEC's complaint alleges that FTX funds transferred to Alameda were used to fund loans to FTX executives and real estate purchases: between March 2020 and September 2022 Bankman-Fried signed promissory notes for loans from Alameda of more than $1.338 billion, twice as both borrower and, as Alameda's chief executive, lender; in 2020 and 2021 Wang signed notes with Alameda of about $224.7 million whose proceeds Bankman-Fried used, including for venture investments; on about 22 July 2022 Bankman-Fried lent himself $136 million; and two $100 million investments by FTX's affiliated investment vehicle FTX Ventures Ltd. were funded with FTX customer funds diverted to Alameda.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf","gary-wang","ftx-ventures","sec"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the SEC's civil complaint of 21 December 2022 against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang.","response":"The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations: without denying them, they consented to final judgments. Bankman-Fried, who is not a defendant in this complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct.","outcome":"The SEC filed the proposed final consent judgments on 19 December 2025, subject to court approval; Ellison and Wang had pleaded guilty in the parallel criminal case on 19 December 2022. Bankman-Fried was found guilty at trial, sentenced to 25 years in prison on 28 March 2024, and the judgment was affirmed on appeal.","adverse_subject_ids":["sbf"]},"reading":"Attributed: The SEC's complaint alleges that FTX funds transferred to Alameda were used to fund loans to FTX executives and real estate purchases: between March 2020 and September 2022 Bankman-Fried signed promissory notes for loans from Alameda of more than $1.338 billion, twice as both borrower and, as Alameda's chief executive, lender; in 2020 and 2021 Wang signed notes with Alameda of about $224.7 million whose proceeds Bankman-Fried used, including for venture investments; on about 22 July 2022 Bankman-Fried lent himself $136 million; and two $100 million investments by FTX's affiliated investment vehicle FTX Ventures Ltd. were funded with FTX customer funds diverted to Alameda."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-intercompany","record":{"id":"c-ala-intercompany","kind":"fact","text":"Both the debtors' first interim report and their disclosure statement describe intercompany dealings without corporate formalities: assets and liabilities were shuffled among FTX Group entities and insiders without process or documentation, and Alameda Research LLC paid salaries and other expenses for itself, for other debtors and for the non-debtor FTX Digital Markets Ltd., as well as venture investments and acquisitions. The report adds that an Alameda bank account transferred tens of millions of dollars to Bankman-Fried's personal account in 2021 and 2022, documented as loans but recorded in the ledger as \"Investment in Subsidiaries\", and that some intercompany balances do not reconcile.","source_ids":["src-025","src-068"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","fdm","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Both the debtors' first interim report and their disclosure statement describe intercompany dealings without corporate formalities: assets and liabilities were shuffled among FTX Group entities and insiders without process or documentation, and Alameda Research LLC paid salaries and other expenses for itself, for other debtors and for the non-debtor FTX Digital Markets Ltd., as well as venture investments and acquisitions. The report adds that an Alameda bank account transferred tens of millions of dollars to Bankman-Fried's personal account in 2021 and 2022, documented as loans but recorded in the ledger as \"Investment in Subsidiaries\", and that some intercompany balances do not reconcile."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-unauditable","record":{"id":"c-ala-unauditable","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report quotes Bankman-Fried writing that \"Alameda is unauditable\", meaning that \"we are only able to ballpark what its balances are, let alone something like a comprehensive transaction history\", and that \"we sometimes find $50m of assets lying around that we lost track of\".","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report quotes Bankman-Fried writing that \"Alameda is unauditable\", meaning that \"we are only able to ballpark what its balances are, let alone something like a comprehensive transaction history\", and that \"we sometimes find $50m of assets lying around that we lost track of\"."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-shared-operations","record":{"id":"c-ala-shared-operations","kind":"fact","text":"The CFTC consent order finds that FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC commingled customer assets with other corporate assets, failed to document intercompany transfers, and regularly shared employees, office space, systems, accounts and communication channels, and that Bankman-Fried, the ultimate owner of the majority of FTX Trading's shares, regularly signed their core corporate agreements and was a signatory on their bank accounts.","source_ids":["src-027"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: The CFTC consent order finds that FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC commingled customer assets with other corporate assets, failed to document intercompany transfers, and regularly shared employees, office space, systems, accounts and communication channels, and that Bankman-Fried, the ultimate owner of the majority of FTX Trading's shares, regularly signed their core corporate agreements and was a signatory on their bank accounts."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-singh-option","record":{"id":"c-ala-singh-option","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs lists, among transfers to insiders, an intercompany payable from Alameda Research to FTX Trading Ltd. created on 3 May 2021 for the benefit of Nishad Singh for the exercise of an options agreement for FTX Trading shares, with the figure 16500 and no currency stated.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","nishad-singh"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s Statement of Financial Affairs lists, among transfers to insiders, an intercompany payable from Alameda Research to FTX Trading Ltd. created on 3 May 2021 for the benefit of Nishad Singh for the exercise of an options agreement for FTX Trading shares, with the figure 16500 and no currency stated."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-clifton-payables","record":{"id":"c-ala-clifton-payables","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's declaration lists related-party payables of Clifton Bay Investments LLC as of 30 September 2022 of $1,400 million to Alameda Research Ltd, $68.6 million to Alameda Research LLC, $38.5 million to Alameda Ventures Ltd and $2.25 million to West Realm Shires Services Inc. It also reports unaudited balance-sheet assets of $1.52 billion for Clifton Bay Investments LLC and $493 million for FTX Ventures Ltd. as of 30 September 2022.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["clifton-bay","alameda-ltd","alameda-llc","maclaurin","wrss","ftx-ventures"],"qualification":"Ray stated that he did not rely on these unaudited balance sheets.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's declaration lists related-party payables of Clifton Bay Investments LLC as of 30 September 2022 of $1,400 million to Alameda Research Ltd, $68.6 million to Alameda Research LLC, $38.5 million to Alameda Ventures Ltd and $2.25 million to West Realm Shires Services Inc. It also reports unaudited balance-sheet assets of $1.52 billion for Clifton Bay Investments LLC and $493 million for FTX Ventures Ltd. as of 30 September 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-blockfi","record":{"id":"c-ala-blockfi","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' disclosure statement says West Realm Shires Inc. agreed in June 2022 to provide BlockFi with a revolving credit facility of up to $400 million, with an option to buy BlockFi equity, and that BlockFi drew $275 million between July and October 2022; Alameda Research had borrowed from BlockFi Lending and BlockFi International, and on 9 November 2022 Alameda Research and Emergent Fidelity Technologies entered pledge agreements granting BlockFi security interests in, respectively, shares of Grayscale and Bitwise trusts and Emergent's Robinhood investment. Ray's declaration records a $250 million loan receivable of West Realm Shires Inc. from BlockFi Inc. at 30 September 2022.","source_ids":["src-068","src-001"],"entity_ids":["wrs","blockfi","alameda-llc","emergent"],"qualification":"The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. describe the June 2022 facility as issued by the \"FTX Group\" for about $400 million and state that BlockFi had previously lent Alameda about $830 million, on which Alameda defaulted; they do not name the Alameda entity.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' disclosure statement says West Realm Shires Inc. agreed in June 2022 to provide BlockFi with a revolving credit facility of up to $400 million, with an option to buy BlockFi equity, and that BlockFi drew $275 million between July and October 2022; Alameda Research had borrowed from BlockFi Lending and BlockFi International, and on 9 November 2022 Alameda Research and Emergent Fidelity Technologies entered pledge agreements granting BlockFi security interests in, respectively, shares of Grayscale and Bitwise trusts and Emergent's Robinhood investment. Ray's declaration records a $250 million loan receivable of West Realm Shires Inc. from BlockFi Inc. at 30 September 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-modulo","record":{"id":"c-ala-modulo","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that between June and November 2022, at Bankman-Fried's direction, the FTX Group transferred about $450 million to the hedge fund Modulo Capital from account Alameda-9485, which was funded among others by account FTX Trading-9964(S), designated internally as corporate but in fact receiving customer deposits between January and November 2022, and a further $25 million on 19 May 2022. In early May 2023 Modulo returned about $407 million to the debtors and released claims to $56 million held on FTX.com, together about 98% of the transfers.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","modulo","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report states that between June and November 2022, at Bankman-Fried's direction, the FTX Group transferred about $450 million to the hedge fund Modulo Capital from account Alameda-9485, which was funded among others by account FTX Trading-9964(S), designated internally as corporate but in fact receiving customer deposits between January and November 2022, and a further $25 million on 19 May 2022. In early May 2023 Modulo returned about $407 million to the debtors and released claims to $56 million held on FTX.com, together about 98% of the transfers."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ala-political","record":{"id":"c-ala-political","kind":"attributed","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that Bankman-Fried, Nishad Singh and another insider made more than $100 million of political donations funded through purported \"loans\" from the FTX Group, and that Singh pleaded guilty to conspiring to make unlawful political contributions and defraud the Federal Election Commission.","source_ids":["src-036","src-063"],"entity_ids":["sbf","nishad-singh","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"At the time of the report (June 2023) Bankman-Fried had been charged with the same offence; his March 2024 judgment covers seven counts of the final indictment and records the counts of earlier indictments as dismissed.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["nishad-singh"]},"reading":"Attributed: The debtors' second interim report states that Bankman-Fried, Nishad Singh and another insider made more than $100 million of political donations funded through purported \"loans\" from the FTX Group, and that Singh pleaded guilty to conspiring to make unlawful political contributions and defraud the Federal Election Commission."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-tos","record":{"id":"c-cust-tos","kind":"fact","text":"As quoted in the SEC's complaint, FTX's publicly available Terms of Service told customers that \"you control the Digital Assets held in your Account\", that \"[t]itle to your Digital Assets shall at all times remain with you and shall not transfer to FTX\" and that \"none of the digital assets in your account are the property of, or shall or may be loaned to, FTX Trading\"; fiat currency received was represented as electronic money (\"E-Money\") that customers could redeem at any time.","source_ids":["src-023"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sec"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: As quoted in the SEC's complaint, FTX's publicly available Terms of Service told customers that \"you control the Digital Assets held in your Account\", that \"[t]itle to your Digital Assets shall at all times remain with you and shall not transfer to FTX\" and that \"none of the digital assets in your account are the property of, or shall or may be loaned to, FTX Trading\"; fiat currency received was represented as electronic money (\"E-Money\") that customers could redeem at any time."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-tos-fiat","record":{"id":"c-cust-tos-fiat","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that FTX Trading Ltd.'s Terms of Service were silent on what the company would do with customers' fiat currency and made no claim that it would segregate, custody or protect it, even though the group publicly claimed to protect and separate customer deposits; by contrast, the terms for customers in Japan stated that fiat deposits were held in a segregated user management trust managed separately from the company's money.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-japan"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report states that FTX Trading Ltd.'s Terms of Service were silent on what the company would do with customers' fiat currency and made no claim that it would segregate, custody or protect it, even though the group publicly claimed to protect and separate customer deposits; by contrast, the terms for customers in Japan stated that fiat deposits were held in a segregated user management trust managed separately from the company's money."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-cftc-misrep","record":{"id":"c-cust-cftc-misrep","kind":"fact","text":"Announcing the consent order on 8 August 2024, the CFTC stated that the court found FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC made material misrepresentations and omissions to customers: FTX described itself as \"the safest and easiest way to buy and sell crypto\" and said that customer assets, including Bitcoin and Ether, were held in \"custody\" and segregated from FTX's own assets, when in fact customer funds were commingled and misappropriated.","source_ids":["src-028"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","cftc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: Announcing the consent order on 8 August 2024, the CFTC stated that the court found FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC made material misrepresentations and omissions to customers: FTX described itself as \"the safest and easiest way to buy and sell crypto\" and said that customer assets, including Bitcoin and Ether, were held in \"custody\" and segregated from FTX's own assets, when in fact customer funds were commingled and misappropriated."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-segregation-exceptions","record":{"id":"c-cust-segregation-exceptions","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that, in accordance with local regulation, the FTX Group did segregate customer funds in Japan, Cyprus and Singapore, and that its findings exclude those jurisdictions and FTX.US, whose investigation was still ongoing in June 2023.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-japan","ftx-eu","wrss"],"qualification":"For Cyprus, the debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement reports that after the suspension of its licence FTX EU Ltd was found not to hold enough segregated assets to meet its customer obligations.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report states that, in accordance with local regulation, the FTX Group did segregate customer funds in Japan, Cyprus and Singapore, and that its findings exclude those jurisdictions and FTX.US, whose investigation was still ongoing in June 2023."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-commingled-accounts","record":{"id":"c-cust-commingled-accounts","kind":"fact","text":"According to the debtors' second interim report, besides the primary deposit accounts of Alameda Research Ltd. and North Dimension Inc., the FTX Group received customer deposits and paid withdrawals through accounts in the names of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. (FTX DM-7814 and -3799), FTX Trading Ltd. (FTX Trading-1596, -6659 and -9964(S), labelled internally as accounts for the benefit of customers, and FTX Trading-9018) and Alameda Research Ltd. (Alameda 9485(S)), and customer and corporate funds were commingled in all of them.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","alameda-ltd","north-dimension"],"qualification":"The same report elsewhere describes FTX Trading-9964(S) as an account designated internally as \"corporate\" that in fact received customer deposits between January and November 2022.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the debtors' second interim report, besides the primary deposit accounts of Alameda Research Ltd. and North Dimension Inc., the FTX Group received customer deposits and paid withdrawals through accounts in the names of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. (FTX DM-7814 and -3799), FTX Trading Ltd. (FTX Trading-1596, -6659 and -9964(S), labelled internally as accounts for the benefit of customers, and FTX Trading-9018) and Alameda Research Ltd. (Alameda 9485(S)), and customer and corporate funds were commingled in all of them."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-jpl-commingling","record":{"id":"c-cust-jpl-commingling","kind":"fact","text":"The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. reported in February 2023 that FTX.com customers were not booked to a particular corporate entity, so that which entity owes what to which customers is an open legal question; that customer funds appear to have been pooled regardless of the customer's jurisdiction in the same bank accounts and wallets, with accounts of different FTX entities used interchangeably; and that key IT and record-keeping systems were shared by employees of many FTX Group entities and sometimes Alameda.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. reported in February 2023 that FTX.com customers were not booked to a particular corporate entity, so that which entity owes what to which customers is an open legal question; that customer funds appear to have been pooled regardless of the customer's jurisdiction in the same bank accounts and wallets, with accounts of different FTX entities used interchangeably; and that key IT and record-keeping systems were shared by employees of many FTX Group entities and sometimes Alameda."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-shortfall","record":{"id":"c-cust-shortfall","kind":"attributed","text":"The debtors' second interim report (June 2023) estimated that, as of the petition date, approximately $8.7 billion of customer-deposited assets had been misappropriated from the FTX.com exchange, mostly cash and stablecoins, of which more than $6.4 billion was fiat currency and stablecoin. Their disclosure statement of May 2024 adds that at various points in 2022 more than $10 billion of net customer-deposited assets had been misappropriated, that internal documents suggest a cash deficit of over $10 billion in March 2022, and that shortly after the petition date the exchange owed customers a shortfall of approximately $9.2 billion.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068","src-027","src-023"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf"],"qualification":"These are estimates by the debtors, who now control FTX Trading Ltd.; the $6.4 billion figure excludes Alameda's balances on the FTX US, Japan, Singapore and Cyprus exchanges, and the estimates changed as the analysis progressed.","response":"Before the collapse Bankman-Fried had publicly stated, on or about 7 November 2022, that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\" and that FTX had enough to cover all client holdings; the SEC's complaint calls the statement false and misleading and records that he later deleted it.","outcome":"The CFTC consent order of August 2024 requires FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC to pay, jointly and severally, $8.7 billion in restitution, to be satisfied through distributions under the Chapter 11 plan.","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading"]},"reading":"Attributed: The debtors' second interim report (June 2023) estimated that, as of the petition date, approximately $8.7 billion of customer-deposited assets had been misappropriated from the FTX.com exchange, mostly cash and stablecoins, of which more than $6.4 billion was fiat currency and stablecoin. Their disclosure statement of May 2024 adds that at various points in 2022 more than $10 billion of net customer-deposited assets had been misappropriated, that internal documents suggest a cash deficit of over $10 billion in March 2022, and that shortly after the petition date the exchange owed customers a shortfall of approximately $9.2 billion."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-korean-account","record":{"id":"c-cust-korean-account","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that by August 2022 the FTX senior executives and Caroline Ellison privately estimated that the FTX.com exchange owed customers more than $8 billion in fiat currency it did not have, did not disclose the shortfall, and created a customer account, referred to as \"our Korean friend's account\", that recorded the \"friend\" as owing the exchange $8.9 billion.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","caroline-ellison"],"qualification":"The report calls the account a sham; the CFTC consent order separately finds that Alameda's approximately $8 billion U.S. dollar liability was reallocated to this account.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report states that by August 2022 the FTX senior executives and Caroline Ellison privately estimated that the FTX.com exchange owed customers more than $8 billion in fiat currency it did not have, did not disclose the shortfall, and created a customer account, referred to as \"our Korean friend's account\", that recorded the \"friend\" as owing the exchange $8.9 billion."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-records","record":{"id":"c-cust-records","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report (April 2023) describes a pervasive lack of records of where or how fiat currency and digital assets could be found, and extensive commingling of assets. Fifty-six FTX Group entities produced no financial statements of any kind and thirty-five used QuickBooks; transfers among entities were not properly documented, approvals for transfers of tens of millions of dollars were given in Slack, Signal or Telegram, sometimes with disappearing messages, and expenses were approved by emoji.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report (April 2023) describes a pervasive lack of records of where or how fiat currency and digital assets could be found, and extensive commingling of assets. Fifty-six FTX Group entities produced no financial statements of any kind and thirty-five used QuickBooks; transfers among entities were not properly documented, approvals for transfers of tens of millions of dollars were given in Slack, Signal or Telegram, sometimes with disappearing messages, and expenses were approved by emoji."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-global-notes","record":{"id":"c-cust-global-notes","kind":"fact","text":"The global notes to the debtors' schedules and statements (filed 31 July 2023) state that substantial assets were transferred to related parties and insiders, many apparently undocumented; that intercompany and affiliate transactions in digital and fiat assets were significant and pervasive across the accounts and would materially change many debtors' reported assets and liabilities; and that undocumented transfers of cash to insiders were classified as notes receivable without interest.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The global notes to the debtors' schedules and statements (filed 31 July 2023) state that substantial assets were transferred to related parties and insiders, many apparently undocumented; that intercompany and affiliate transactions in digital and fiat assets were significant and pervasive across the accounts and would materially change many debtors' reported assets and liabilities; and that undocumented transfers of cash to insiders were classified as notes receivable without interest."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-balance-sheet","record":{"id":"c-cust-balance-sheet","kind":"fact","text":"The Dotcom Silo's unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of 30 September 2022, the latest provided to Ray, shows total assets of $2.25 billion; Ray stated that because it was produced while Bankman-Fried controlled the debtors he did not have confidence in it. According to the declaration's notes, customer crypto assets were not recorded as assets on these balance sheets. The Dotcom Silo's consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2021 were audited by Prager Metis, a firm Ray said he was not familiar with.","source_ids":["src-001"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","prager-metis","john-ray","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Dotcom Silo's unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of 30 September 2022, the latest provided to Ray, shows total assets of $2.25 billion; Ray stated that because it was produced while Bankman-Fried controlled the debtors he did not have confidence in it. According to the declaration's notes, customer crypto assets were not recorded as assets on these balance sheets. The Dotcom Silo's consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2021 were audited by Prager Metis, a firm Ray said he was not familiar with."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-cash","record":{"id":"c-cust-cash","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's first-day declaration tabulates cash at the petition date: FTX Trading Ltd. held $375,726 unrestricted and $2,600,324 custodial cash ($2,976,050 in total), FTX Europe AG $2,979,584, FTX EU Ltd $49,352,327 (of which $47,925,646 custodial) and the non-debtor FTX Digital Markets Ltd. $49,999,600 of restricted cash; debtor entities held $169,804,762 and non-debtor entities $394,601,543. The debtors' first-day presentation counted substantiated unrestricted cash at U.S. financial institutions as of 18 November 2022 of $33.7 million for the Dotcom Silo, $68.9 million for the WRS Silo, $370.6 million for the Alameda Silo and $8.7 million for the Ventures Silo.","source_ids":["src-001","src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe","ftx-eu","fdm"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's first-day declaration tabulates cash at the petition date: FTX Trading Ltd. held $375,726 unrestricted and $2,600,324 custodial cash ($2,976,050 in total), FTX Europe AG $2,979,584, FTX EU Ltd $49,352,327 (of which $47,925,646 custodial) and the non-debtor FTX Digital Markets Ltd. $49,999,600 of restricted cash; debtor entities held $169,804,762 and non-debtor entities $394,601,543. The debtors' first-day presentation counted substantiated unrestricted cash at U.S. financial institutions as of 18 November 2022 of $33.7 million for the Dotcom Silo, $68.9 million for the WRS Silo, $370.6 million for the Alameda Silo and $8.7 million for the Ventures Silo."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-dotcom-split","record":{"id":"c-cust-dotcom-split","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first-day presentation states that, as of the petition date, 94% of Dotcom Silo customers were customers of FTX Trading Ltd. and 6% of FTX Digital Markets Ltd.","source_ids":["src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm"],"qualification":"The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. took a different view, arguing that many FTX.com customers had been moved to FTX Digital Markets from May 2022; that dispute was later settled.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first-day presentation states that, as of the petition date, 94% of Dotcom Silo customers were customers of FTX Trading Ltd. and 6% of FTX Digital Markets Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-custody","record":{"id":"c-cust-custody","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report states that, outside Japan where regulation required cold storage, the FTX Group made little use of cold storage, although employees told others in October 2022 that holdings were mostly cold; private keys and seed phrases of FTX.com, FTX.US and Alameda were stored insecurely, including keys to more than $100 million of Ethereum assets in plain text on a server and single-signature keys to billions of dollars of assets in a cloud secrets manager or password vault accessible to many employees; virtually all FTX.com Bitcoin was held in a single Bitcoin Core wallet node; and the FTX exchanges and Alameda used a single shared AWS account.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrss","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report states that, outside Japan where regulation required cold storage, the FTX Group made little use of cold storage, although employees told others in October 2022 that holdings were mostly cold; private keys and seed phrases of FTX.com, FTX.US and Alameda were stored insecurely, including keys to more than $100 million of Ethereum assets in plain text on a server and single-signature keys to billions of dollars of assets in a cloud secrets manager or password vault accessible to many employees; virtually all FTX.com Bitcoin was held in a single Bitcoin Core wallet node; and the FTX exchanges and Alameda used a single shared AWS account."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-hack","record":{"id":"c-cust-hack","kind":"fact","text":"Unauthorized transfers on and around the petition date are given in different amounts. Ray's first-day declaration records at least $372 million of unauthorized transfers initiated on the petition date and the dilutive minting of about $300 million of FTT tokens, besides about $740 million of cryptocurrency the debtors had secured in new cold wallets without being able to allocate it among the WRS, Alameda and Dotcom silos. The debtors' first interim report refers to a cyberattack that drained about $432 million on the date of the bankruptcy, and a December 2023 filing to at least $433 million. The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. reported that a hack of the FTX International Platform on or around 12 November 2022 removed $323 million, whose allocation between FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading Ltd. was unknown.","source_ids":["src-001","src-025","src-008","src-009"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","john-ray"],"qualification":"The figures were produced at different times by different parties with different scopes and are not reconciled in the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Unauthorized transfers on and around the petition date are given in different amounts. Ray's first-day declaration records at least $372 million of unauthorized transfers initiated on the petition date and the dilutive minting of about $300 million of FTT tokens, besides about $740 million of cryptocurrency the debtors had secured in new cold wallets without being able to allocate it among the WRS, Alameda and Dotcom silos. The debtors' first interim report refers to a cyberattack that drained about $432 million on the date of the bankruptcy, and a December 2023 filing to at least $433 million. The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. reported that a hack of the FTX International Platform on or around 12 November 2022 removed $323 million, whose allocation between FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading Ltd. was unknown."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-bahamas-transfers","record":{"id":"c-cust-bahamas-transfers","kind":"attributed","text":"The debtors' first interim report states that the day after the November 2022 breach, at the direction of Bahamian authorities and without the debtors' authorization, Bankman-Fried and/or Wang used private keys in their possession to move hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of FTT, SRM, MAPS and other tokens out of debtor wallets into cold wallets in Bahamian custody; a December 2023 debtors' filing says that on 12 November 2022 the Securities Commission of the Bahamas coordinated with them to transfer 195 million FTT tokens from the FTT deployer wallet, among other assets, into wallets it controlled.","source_ids":["src-025","src-009","src-008","src-056"],"entity_ids":["sbf","gary-wang","scb","ftx-trading","fdm"],"qualification":"The report does not identify which debtor owned the wallets.","response":"The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets describe the transfers differently: after a Supreme Court of the Bahamas order of 12 November 2022 authorised the Securities Commission to instruct FTX Digital Markets, the Commission directed Bankman-Fried and Wang to transfer the remaining digital assets under FTX Digital Markets' control to wallets it had established.","outcome":"Whether the assets belonged to the debtors or to FTX Digital Markets became part of the dispute between the two estates, which they addressed in the global settlement announced on 19 December 2023."},"reading":"Attributed: The debtors' first interim report states that the day after the November 2022 breach, at the direction of Bahamian authorities and without the debtors' authorization, Bankman-Fried and/or Wang used private keys in their possession to move hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of FTT, SRM, MAPS and other tokens out of debtor wallets into cold wallets in Bahamian custody; a December 2023 debtors' filing says that on 12 November 2022 the Securities Commission of the Bahamas coordinated with them to transfer 195 million FTT tokens from the FTT deployer wallet, among other assets, into wallets it controlled."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-ellison-nov9","record":{"id":"c-cust-ellison-nov9","kind":"attributed","text":"According to the debtors' December 2023 filing, on 9 November 2022 Caroline Ellison began dissipating estate assets through attempted transactions with LayerZero, ultimately agreeing to transfer equity and warrants worth far more than the $45 million loan they purported to release, and the same day purported to give BlockFi International security pledges of hundreds of millions of dollars.","source_ids":["src-009","src-068","src-073"],"entity_ids":["caroline-ellison","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"This is the debtors' characterization in litigation; the retained record does not include the underlying agreements or a response by Ellison to this description, and it does not name the Alameda entity that held the assets.","response":"","outcome":"The debtors sued LayerZero Labs, Ltd. and others (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50492) to recover the assets transferred in what they called fire-sale transactions negotiated on the eve of the Chapter 11 cases, and about $41 million of preferential transfers; the defendants answered the complaint without moving to dismiss it, and the May 2024 disclosure statement reports discovery as ongoing."},"reading":"Attributed: According to the debtors' December 2023 filing, on 9 November 2022 Caroline Ellison began dissipating estate assets through attempted transactions with LayerZero, ultimately agreeing to transfer equity and warrants worth far more than the $45 million loan they purported to release, and the same day purported to give BlockFi International security pledges of hundreds of millions of dollars."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-jpl-schedules","record":{"id":"c-cust-jpl-schedules","kind":"fact","text":"The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. reported that the only data on FTX International's crypto holdings available to them were a schedule provided by Bankman-Fried on 11 November 2022 and one provided by Gary Wang to the Securities Commission of the Bahamas on 13 November 2022 of hot-wallet balances on the morning of 12 November, neither with an explanation of its basis; their limited tracing identified transfers before and after the suspension of withdrawals on 8 November 2022, unauthorized withdrawals on 11–12 November, transfers to wallets controlled by the Chapter 11 debtors and frequent transactions with addresses that appear to have Alameda as counterparty.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","sbf","gary-wang","scb","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The joint provisional liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. reported that the only data on FTX International's crypto holdings available to them were a schedule provided by Bankman-Fried on 11 November 2022 and one provided by Gary Wang to the Securities Commission of the Bahamas on 13 November 2022 of hot-wallet balances on the morning of 12 November, neither with an explanation of its basis; their limited tracing identified transfers before and after the suspension of withdrawals on 8 November 2022, unauthorized withdrawals on 11–12 November, transfers to wallets controlled by the Chapter 11 debtors and frequent transactions with addresses that appear to have Alameda as counterparty."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-recoveries","record":{"id":"c-cust-recoveries","kind":"fact","text":"By April 2023 the debtors reported having recovered and secured in cold storage more than $1.4 billion of digital assets and identified a further $1.7 billion being recovered, including more than $140 million located by code that scanned more than 10 million exchange customer wallets. By June 2023 they reported about $7 billion of recovered liquid assets, and by September 2023 about $7 billion of distributable value against more than about $16 billion of customer claims.","source_ids":["src-025","src-036","src-009"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: By April 2023 the debtors reported having recovered and secured in cold storage more than $1.4 billion of digital assets and identified a further $1.7 billion being recovered, including more than $140 million located by code that scanned more than 10 million exchange customer wallets. By June 2023 they reported about $7 billion of recovered liquid assets, and by September 2023 about $7 billion of distributable value against more than about $16 billion of customer claims."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-cust-shortfall-settlement","record":{"id":"c-cust-shortfall-settlement","kind":"fact","text":"On 16 October 2023 FTX Trading Ltd. (d/b/a FTX.com) and the other debtors announced a Settlement and Plan Support Agreement with the executive committee of an ad hoc committee of non-U.S. customers, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors and class representatives, resolving the dispute over whether FTX.com and FTX US customers had property rights in exchange assets. Assets were to be divided into pools for FTX.com customers, FTX US customers and a general pool; customers would hold a \"Shortfall Claim\", estimated at about $8.9 billion for FTX.com and $166 million for FTX US, and 66% of the general pool would be applied exclusively to those shortfall claims.","source_ids":["src-037"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrss"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 16 October 2023 FTX Trading Ltd. (d/b/a FTX.com) and the other debtors announced a Settlement and Plan Support Agreement with the executive committee of an ad hoc committee of non-U.S. customers, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors and class representatives, resolving the dispute over whether FTX.com and FTX US customers had property rights in exchange assets. Assets were to be divided into pools for FTX.com customers, FTX US customers and a general pool; customers would hold a \"Shortfall Claim\", estimated at about $8.9 billion for FTX.com and $166 million for FTX US, and 66% of the general pool would be applied exclusively to those shortfall claims."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-incorporation","record":{"id":"c-fdm-incorporation","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Digital Markets Ltd. was incorporated in the Bahamas on 22 July 2021 and was licensed and registered as a digital asset business by the Securities Commission of the Bahamas on 10 September 2021, according to its joint provisional liquidators, who state that FTX Trading Ltd. is its sole shareholder and funded its growth. The debtors' disclosure statement likewise describes it as a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading and an international business company.","source_ids":["src-008","src-068"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","scb"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Digital Markets Ltd. was incorporated in the Bahamas on 22 July 2021 and was licensed and registered as a digital asset business by the Securities Commission of the Bahamas on 10 September 2021, according to its joint provisional liquidators, who state that FTX Trading Ltd. is its sole shareholder and funded its growth. The debtors' disclosure statement likewise describes it as a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading and an international business company."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-officers","record":{"id":"c-fdm-officers","kind":"fact","text":"The joint provisional liquidators list FTX Digital Markets' officers as Sam Bankman-Fried (chairman and director from 22 July 2021), Ryan Salame (chief executive and director from 22 July 2021, previously at Alameda), Gary Wang (chief technology officer), Nishad Singh (director of engineering) and Constance Wang (chief operating officer), the last three from 1 January 2022, and Can Sun (legal counsel from 1 October 2022); its directors were Bankman-Fried and Salame. Before their appointment the company employed 83 staff, including Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, mainly to operate the FTX International Platform; the liquidators later gave redundancy notices to 67 of them.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","sbf","ryan-salame","gary-wang","nishad-singh","constance-wang","can-sun"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The joint provisional liquidators list FTX Digital Markets' officers as Sam Bankman-Fried (chairman and director from 22 July 2021), Ryan Salame (chief executive and director from 22 July 2021, previously at Alameda), Gary Wang (chief technology officer), Nishad Singh (director of engineering) and Constance Wang (chief operating officer), the last three from 1 January 2022, and Can Sun (legal counsel from 1 October 2022); its directors were Bankman-Fried and Salame. Before their appointment the company employed 83 staff, including Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, mainly to operate the FTX International Platform; the liquidators later gave redundancy notices to 67 of them."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-consolidation","record":{"id":"c-fdm-consolidation","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's first-day declaration states that FTX Digital Markets' balance sheet was consolidated into FTX Trading Ltd.'s, that its 30 September 2022 balance sheet showed assets of $149,336 thousand (about $149.3 million), and that it had a net intercompany payable of $30 million to entities controlled by FTX Trading Ltd. The most recent balance sheet available to the liquidators at their appointment, dated 5 October, showed total assets of $396.4 million (cash $108.9 million and receivables $276.2 million) and liabilities of $297.6 million, almost all an intercompany payable of $296.4 million that they understood to be owed to FTX Trading for funding after incorporation; the liquidators' summary of its position also lists $819.0 million of liabilities for funds held for the benefit of customers, with customer claims still to be determined.","source_ids":["src-001","src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The liquidators note that FTX Digital Markets' balance sheet did not include digital assets; the two balance sheets have different dates and were prepared under the former management, before any verification.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Ray's first-day declaration states that FTX Digital Markets' balance sheet was consolidated into FTX Trading Ltd.'s, that its 30 September 2022 balance sheet showed assets of $149,336 thousand (about $149.3 million), and that it had a net intercompany payable of $30 million to entities controlled by FTX Trading Ltd. The most recent balance sheet available to the liquidators at their appointment, dated 5 October, showed total assets of $396.4 million (cash $108.9 million and receivables $276.2 million) and liabilities of $297.6 million, almost all an intercompany payable of $296.4 million that they understood to be owed to FTX Trading for funding after incorporation; the liquidators' summary of its position also lists $819.0 million of liabilities for funds held for the benefit of customers, with customer claims still to be determined."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-migration-jpl","record":{"id":"c-fdm-migration-jpl","kind":"attributed","text":"The joint provisional liquidators reported that the Terms of Service of the FTX International Platform were updated on 13 May 2022 to include FTX Digital Markets as a party and that customers who continued to use the platform were migrated to it, making it the named service provider for most services to non-U.S. customers. In filings reported in June 2023 they argued that anyone who accessed an FTX.com account on or after 13 May 2022 made FTX Digital Markets the contractual counterparty for services that accounted for about 90 percent of trading, and that its accounts received and paid out $13.4 billion between 20 January and 12 November 2022.","source_ids":["src-008","src-088","src-056"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The liquidators stated that the migration still required confirmatory data and directions from the Supreme Court of the Bahamas.","response":"The debtors described FTX Digital Markets as a short-lived provider of limited \"match-making\" services on an exchange built, owned and operated by FTX Trading, its immediate parent, said over 90 percent of FTX.com customers had joined before it became operational in May 2022 and called it \"an economic nullity\" that never earned third-party revenue.","outcome":"The dispute was resolved by the global settlement of December 2023, under which FTX.com customers may elect to have their claims handled in either proceeding."},"reading":"Attributed: The joint provisional liquidators reported that the Terms of Service of the FTX International Platform were updated on 13 May 2022 to include FTX Digital Markets as a party and that customers who continued to use the platform were migrated to it, making it the named service provider for most services to non-U.S. customers. In filings reported in June 2023 they argued that anyone who accessed an FTX.com account on or after 13 May 2022 made FTX Digital Markets the contractual counterparty for services that accounted for about 90 percent of trading, and that its accounts received and paid out $13.4 billion between 20 January and 12 November 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-other-services","record":{"id":"c-fdm-other-services","kind":"unresolved","text":"The joint provisional liquidators stated that the services under the May 2022 Terms of Service that were not regulated services of FTX Digital Markets were delivered by FTX Trading Ltd. and an associated entity, LT Baskets Limited, also a Chapter 11 debtor; apart from non-fungible-token trading they did not appear to fall outside the Bahamas Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges (DARE) Act.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","lt-baskets"],"qualification":"The liquidators said it was not yet clear whether FTX Trading or LT Baskets had breached the DARE Act by continuing to provide these services; no later finding on the point is in the retained record.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Unresolved: The joint provisional liquidators stated that the services under the May 2022 Terms of Service that were not regulated services of FTX Digital Markets were delivered by FTX Trading Ltd. and an associated entity, LT Baskets Limited, also a Chapter 11 debtor; apart from non-fungible-token trading they did not appear to fall outside the Bahamas Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges (DARE) Act."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-safeguarding","record":{"id":"c-fdm-safeguarding","kind":"fact","text":"An internal policy of 16 August 2021, \"FTX Digital Markets Limited, Safeguarding of assets & Digital token management policy\", stated that \"FDM is ultimately responsible for the safeguarding of its customers' assets\" and committed it to segregate customer fiat and virtual assets from its own and to make third-party providers aware that customer assets were held in trust. The liquidators found that the intention appears to have been to treat customer fiat as a trust asset, but that client monies appear to have been commingled, with substantial flows among FTX Digital Markets' FBO accounts and between FTX Digital Markets, FTX Trading and Alameda.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: An internal policy of 16 August 2021, \"FTX Digital Markets Limited, Safeguarding of assets & Digital token management policy\", stated that \"FDM is ultimately responsible for the safeguarding of its customers' assets\" and committed it to segregate customer fiat and virtual assets from its own and to make third-party providers aware that customer assets were held in trust. The liquidators found that the intention appears to have been to treat customer fiat as a trust asset, but that client monies appear to have been commingled, with substantial flows among FTX Digital Markets' FBO accounts and between FTX Digital Markets, FTX Trading and Alameda."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-flows-jpl","record":{"id":"c-fdm-flows-jpl","kind":"fact","text":"The joint provisional liquidators identified over $5.6 billion of intercompany transfers from FTX Digital Markets' custodial accounts to FTX Trading Ltd. and $2.1 billion of related-party transfers to Alameda, noting that some could be legitimate withdrawals from the FTX International Platform; material fiat transfers between custodial accounts of FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading had no documented basis or approval, were recorded off balance sheet and created no intercompany debt. Of $219.5 million they identified in FTX Digital Markets' accounts, about $137 million was labelled as held for the benefit of customers, but controls to segregate customer fiat appear to have been limited.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"The liquidators use \"Alameda\" collectively for Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Ltd and North Dimension Inc.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The joint provisional liquidators identified over $5.6 billion of intercompany transfers from FTX Digital Markets' custodial accounts to FTX Trading Ltd. and $2.1 billion of related-party transfers to Alameda, noting that some could be legitimate withdrawals from the FTX International Platform; material fiat transfers between custodial accounts of FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading had no documented basis or approval, were recorded off balance sheet and created no intercompany debt. Of $219.5 million they identified in FTX Digital Markets' accounts, about $137 million was labelled as held for the benefit of customers, but controls to segregate customer fiat appear to have been limited."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-alameda-flows","record":{"id":"c-fdm-alameda-flows","kind":"fact","text":"The liquidators' analysis of FTX Digital Markets' bank statements shows payments to it of $200.6 million from Alameda Research LLC, $2,988.2 million from Alameda Research Ltd and $579.1 million from North Dimension Inc., and receipts from it of $5.0 million, $700.7 million and $1,400.9 million respectively (totals $3,767.9 million paid and $2,106.6 million received).","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","north-dimension"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The liquidators' analysis of FTX Digital Markets' bank statements shows payments to it of $200.6 million from Alameda Research LLC, $2,988.2 million from Alameda Research Ltd and $579.1 million from North Dimension Inc., and receipts from it of $5.0 million, $700.7 million and $1,400.9 million respectively (totals $3,767.9 million paid and $2,106.6 million received)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-salame-tipoff","record":{"id":"c-fdm-salame-tipoff","kind":"attributed","text":"The joint provisional liquidators report that, at the time Binance announced it would liquidate its FTT holdings, the Securities Commission of the Bahamas received a tip-off from Ryan Salame that client assets held with FTX Digital Markets had been transferred to Alameda without the customers' consent.","source_ids":["src-008","src-001"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ryan-salame","scb","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"This is the liquidators' account of a report to the regulator; it does not name the Alameda entity or the amounts.","response":"According to the liquidators, FTX Digital Markets had failed to respond to the Commission's urgent queries in a timely manner befitting the seriousness of the allegations.","outcome":"After the tip-off the Commission acted: on 10 November 2022 it froze FTX Digital Markets' assets and the Supreme Court of the Bahamas appointed a provisional liquidator; the company was placed into official liquidation on 10 November 2023."},"reading":"Attributed: The joint provisional liquidators report that, at the time Binance announced it would liquidate its FTT holdings, the Securities Commission of the Bahamas received a tip-off from Ryan Salame that client assets held with FTX Digital Markets had been transferred to Alameda without the customers' consent."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-pass-through","record":{"id":"c-fdm-pass-through","kind":"attributed","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that the FTX Group appears to have used FTX Digital Markets' accounts partly as a pass-through to funnel at least $5.4 billion of customer deposits to FTX Trading Ltd. It traces one chain: account Alameda-9485(S) received at least $472.8 million of customer funds in May–October 2021 and sent about $2.2 billion of commingled funds to FTX Trading-9018(S) between October 2021 and January 2022; that account sent about $588 million to FTX Trading-9018, which made six transfers totalling about $402 million to FTX Digital Markets' operating account FTX DM-0275 between 22 September 2021 and 9 August 2022.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068","src-056"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-ltd"],"qualification":"This is the debtors' tracing; the liquidators of FTX Digital Markets disputed several of the debtors' positions until the 2023 settlement.","response":"","outcome":"The debtors and FTX Digital Markets resolved their disputes in a global settlement of 19 December 2023, which the Supreme Court of the Bahamas sanctioned on 22 January 2024."},"reading":"Attributed: The debtors' second interim report states that the FTX Group appears to have used FTX Digital Markets' accounts partly as a pass-through to funnel at least $5.4 billion of customer deposits to FTX Trading Ltd. It traces one chain: account Alameda-9485(S) received at least $472.8 million of customer funds in May–October 2021 and sent about $2.2 billion of commingled funds to FTX Trading-9018(S) between October 2021 and January 2022; that account sent about $588 million to FTX Trading-9018, which made six transfers totalling about $402 million to FTX Digital Markets' operating account FTX DM-0275 between 22 September 2021 and 9 August 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-license-bonus","record":{"id":"c-fdm-license-bonus","kind":"attributed","text":"According to the debtors' second interim report, in July 2021 a senior FTX Group attorney offered a former Bahamian government official acting as an attorney a $1 million \"bonus\" to obtain FTX Digital Markets' business licence within ten weeks, and the licence was obtained in less than six weeks; FTX Digital Markets then opened U.S. bank accounts in December 2021, describing a custodial account for exchange customer funds although it had no custody contract with FTX customers, and the accounts were used for commingled purposes.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["fdm"],"qualification":"The attorney and the official are not named; the retained record contains no response from them and no finding on the payment.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: According to the debtors' second interim report, in July 2021 a senior FTX Group attorney offered a former Bahamian government official acting as an attorney a $1 million \"bonus\" to obtain FTX Digital Markets' business licence within ten weeks, and the licence was obtained in less than six weeks; FTX Digital Markets then opened U.S. bank accounts in December 2021, describing a custodial account for exchange customer funds although it had no custody contract with FTX customers, and the accounts were used for commingled purposes."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-doj-seizure","record":{"id":"c-fdm-doj-seizure","kind":"fact","text":"The liquidators reported that $143.2 million in bank accounts in FTX Digital Markets' name in the United States could not be remitted to them without a Chapter 15 recognition order, and that on 20 January 2023 they learned that the U.S. Department of Justice had seized the whole $143.2 million between 28 and 30 December 2022. The debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement lists about $150 million in cash seized by the Department of Justice from accounts registered in FTX Digital Markets' name.","source_ids":["src-008","src-068"],"entity_ids":["fdm","doj"],"qualification":"The two figures come from different filings and dates; the retained records do not reconcile them.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The liquidators reported that $143.2 million in bank accounts in FTX Digital Markets' name in the United States could not be remitted to them without a Chapter 15 recognition order, and that on 20 January 2023 they learned that the U.S. Department of Justice had seized the whole $143.2 million between 28 and 30 December 2022. The debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement lists about $150 million in cash seized by the Department of Justice from accounts registered in FTX Digital Markets' name."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-properties-jpl","record":{"id":"c-fdm-properties-jpl","kind":"fact","text":"The joint provisional liquidators identified 52 FTX Group properties in the Bahamas costing $255.4 million. Most were titled to FTX Property Holdings Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd. created to hold residential and commercial property on New Providence, but were funded by FTX Digital Markets and recorded as its intercompany receivable; 38 were titled to FTX Property for $204.5 million, including 15 units at Albany ($140.4 million), an office suite at the Veridian Corporate Centre ($25.3 million) and 16 units at Ocean Terraces ($17.4 million). Of FTX Digital Markets' confirmed intercompany receivables of $276.2 million, $256.3 million was owed by FTX Property for these purchases. Several titles appeared to be in the names of individual employees or relatives of Bankman-Fried although FTX Digital Markets provided the funding.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-property","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The joint provisional liquidators identified 52 FTX Group properties in the Bahamas costing $255.4 million. Most were titled to FTX Property Holdings Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd. created to hold residential and commercial property on New Providence, but were funded by FTX Digital Markets and recorded as its intercompany receivable; 38 were titled to FTX Property for $204.5 million, including 15 units at Albany ($140.4 million), an office suite at the Veridian Corporate Centre ($25.3 million) and 16 units at Ocean Terraces ($17.4 million). Of FTX Digital Markets' confirmed intercompany receivables of $276.2 million, $256.3 million was owed by FTX Property for these purchases. Several titles appeared to be in the names of individual employees or relatives of Bankman-Fried although FTX Digital Markets provided the funding."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-properties-ray","record":{"id":"c-fdm-properties-ray","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' second interim report states that, at the direction of Bankman-Fried and other executives, the FTX Group spent over $243 million on real estate in the Bahamas from accounts holding commingled customer and corporate funds, mostly through FTX Property Holdings Ltd., incorporated in the Bahamas in July 2021 at the request of a senior FTX Group attorney; because FTX Property had no bank account, FTX Digital Markets paid from its operating account FTX DM-0275, while three properties bought in May or June 2021 were paid from an FTX Trading Ltd. account. The purchases included a $30 million penthouse at Albany bought in January 2022 that was home to senior executives before the collapse.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["ftx-property","fdm","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' second interim report states that, at the direction of Bankman-Fried and other executives, the FTX Group spent over $243 million on real estate in the Bahamas from accounts holding commingled customer and corporate funds, mostly through FTX Property Holdings Ltd., incorporated in the Bahamas in July 2021 at the request of a senior FTX Group attorney; because FTX Property had no bank account, FTX Digital Markets paid from its operating account FTX DM-0275, while three properties bought in May or June 2021 were paid from an FTX Trading Ltd. account. The purchases included a $30 million penthouse at Albany bought in January 2022 that was home to senior executives before the collapse."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-employee-property","record":{"id":"c-fdm-employee-property","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report gives an example of a property bought for an employee with funds wired directly from Alameda and from FTX Digital Markets Ltd., which was owned by FTX Trading Ltd. and had obtained the funds from it; the employee signed a promissory note to Alameda only four months after the purchase closed, and other insiders received purported loans from Alameda with no promissory notes at all.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report gives an example of a property bought for an employee with funds wired directly from Alameda and from FTX Digital Markets Ltd., which was owned by FTX Trading Ltd. and had obtained the funds from it; the employee signed a promissory note to Alameda only four months after the purchase closed, and other insiders received purported loans from Alameda with no promissory notes at all."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","record":{"id":"c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","kind":"fact","text":"On 10 November 2022 the Securities Commission of the Bahamas took action to freeze the assets of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., which Ray described as a service provider to FTX Trading Ltd. and the employer of executives and staff in the Bahamas, and the Supreme Court of the Bahamas appointed Brian Simms KC of Lennox Paton as provisional liquidator; on 14 November 2022 the court added Peter Greaves of PwC Hong Kong and Kevin Cambridge of PwC Bahamas as joint provisional liquidators. The proceeding, No. 2022 COM/com/00060 in the court's Commercial Division under the Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Act 2020 and the Companies (Winding Up Amendment) Act 2011, kept FTX Digital Markets out of the Chapter 11 case. Lennox Paton acted as attorneys for the liquidators. In February 2023 the liquidators reported that FTX Digital Markets' licence from the Securities Commission was suspended and would likely be terminated if a winding-up order were made.","source_ids":["src-001","src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","scb","brian-simms","peter-greaves","kevin-cambridge","lennox-paton","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["fdm"]},"reading":"Fact: On 10 November 2022 the Securities Commission of the Bahamas took action to freeze the assets of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., which Ray described as a service provider to FTX Trading Ltd. and the employer of executives and staff in the Bahamas, and the Supreme Court of the Bahamas appointed Brian Simms KC of Lennox Paton as provisional liquidator; on 14 November 2022 the court added Peter Greaves of PwC Hong Kong and Kevin Cambridge of PwC Bahamas as joint provisional liquidators. The proceeding, No. 2022 COM/com/00060 in the court's Commercial Division under the Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Act 2020 and the Companies (Winding Up Amendment) Act 2011, kept FTX Digital Markets out of the Chapter 11 case. Lennox Paton acted as attorneys for the liquidators. In February 2023 the liquidators reported that FTX Digital Markets' licence from the Securities Commission was suspended and would likely be terminated if a winding-up order were made."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-chapter-15","record":{"id":"c-fdm-chapter-15","kind":"fact","text":"On 15 November 2022 the joint provisional liquidators petitioned for recognition of the Bahamian proceeding as a foreign main proceeding under Chapter 15 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (No. 22-BK-11516 (MEW)); venue was transferred to the Bankruptcy Court in Delaware on 28 November 2022, which granted recognition on 15 February 2023 in In re FTX Digital Markets Ltd., Case No. 22-11217 (JTD).","source_ids":["src-068","src-011"],"entity_ids":["fdm"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 15 November 2022 the joint provisional liquidators petitioned for recognition of the Bahamian proceeding as a foreign main proceeding under Chapter 15 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (No. 22-BK-11516 (MEW)); venue was transferred to the Bankruptcy Court in Delaware on 28 November 2022, which granted recognition on 15 February 2023 in In re FTX Digital Markets Ltd., Case No. 22-11217 (JTD)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-official-liquidation","record":{"id":"c-fdm-official-liquidation","kind":"fact","text":"By a winding-up order of 10 November 2023 the Supreme Court of the Bahamas placed FTX Digital Markets Ltd. into official liquidation and appointed Brian C. Simms KC, Kevin G. Cambridge and Peter J. Greaves as joint official liquidators. In a publication of 19 June 2024 the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA recognized the order with effect for Switzerland and allowed the liquidators to recover FTX Digital Markets' funds held at Klarpay AG for the Bahamian estate.","source_ids":["src-046"],"entity_ids":["fdm","brian-simms","kevin-cambridge","peter-greaves","finma","klarpay"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["fdm"]},"reading":"Fact: By a winding-up order of 10 November 2023 the Supreme Court of the Bahamas placed FTX Digital Markets Ltd. into official liquidation and appointed Brian C. Simms KC, Kevin G. Cambridge and Peter J. Greaves as joint official liquidators. In a publication of 19 June 2024 the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA recognized the order with effect for Switzerland and allowed the liquidators to recover FTX Digital Markets' funds held at Klarpay AG for the Bahamian estate."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-police","record":{"id":"c-fdm-police","kind":"attributed","text":"An article by a Gibraltar law firm reported that the Royal Bahamas Police Force was said to be working with the Securities Commission of the Bahamas to investigate whether any criminal misconduct had occurred in relation to FTX Digital Markets Limited.","source_ids":["src-044"],"entity_ids":["fdm","scb"],"qualification":"This is a second-hand report; the retained record contains no statement by the police and no outcome of such an investigation.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: An article by a Gibraltar law firm reported that the Royal Bahamas Police Force was said to be working with the Securities Commission of the Bahamas to investigate whether any criminal misconduct had occurred in relation to FTX Digital Markets Limited."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-dispute","record":{"id":"c-fdm-dispute","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors and FTX Digital Markets signed a cooperation agreement on 6 January 2023 (approved on 9 February 2023), but on 19 March 2023 the debtors sued FTX Digital Markets and its liquidators (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145) for a declaration that it had no ownership interest in the debtors' cryptocurrency, fiat currency, intellectual property or customer information, or alternatively that transfers to it were avoidable. FTX Digital Markets answered and counterclaimed on 12 July 2023, and around 30 June 2023 filed claims against the debtors including about $7.7 billion for fraudulent transfers, $1.1 billion for indemnification, $47.6 million for intercompany transactions, $256 million for property expenses and $16.2 million for corporate expenses.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors and FTX Digital Markets signed a cooperation agreement on 6 January 2023 (approved on 9 February 2023), but on 19 March 2023 the debtors sued FTX Digital Markets and its liquidators (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145) for a declaration that it had no ownership interest in the debtors' cryptocurrency, fiat currency, intellectual property or customer information, or alternatively that transfers to it were avoidable. FTX Digital Markets answered and counterclaimed on 12 July 2023, and around 30 June 2023 filed claims against the debtors including about $7.7 billion for fraudulent transfers, $1.1 billion for indemnification, $47.6 million for intercompany transactions, $256 million for property expenses and $16.2 million for corporate expenses."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-property-proceedings","record":{"id":"c-fdm-property-proceedings","kind":"fact","text":"On 12 December 2022 the joint provisional liquidators moved to dismiss the Chapter 11 case of FTX Property Holdings Ltd; under the cooperation agreement the parties agreed that a liquidation of FTX Property would be opened in the Bahamas and that the liquidators would manage the sale of its property in coordination with the debtors, after which the motion was expected to be withdrawn.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-property"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 12 December 2022 the joint provisional liquidators moved to dismiss the Chapter 11 case of FTX Property Holdings Ltd; under the cooperation agreement the parties agreed that a liquidation of FTX Property would be opened in the Bahamas and that the liquidators would manage the sale of its property in coordination with the debtors, after which the motion was expected to be withdrawn."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-global-settlement","record":{"id":"c-fdm-global-settlement","kind":"fact","text":"On 19 December 2023 FTX Trading Ltd. and the other debtors announced a Global Settlement Agreement with the joint official liquidators of FTX Digital Markets, described as the debtors' wholly owned subsidiary: the two estates would pool assets and coordinate reserves and distributions so that FTX.com customers in both proceedings receive substantially identical distributions, customers other than insiders could elect where to have their claims handled, and claims would be valued in dollars as of the petition dates. The Supreme Court of the Bahamas sanctioned the agreement and an accompanying exclusive sales agency agreement on 22 January 2024, and the Bankruptcy Court approved them on 24 and 29 January 2024; under the agency agreement the debtor called FTX Bahamas PropCo appointed FTX Digital Markets its exclusive agent to sell 35 luxury properties in the Bahamas.","source_ids":["src-056","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 19 December 2023 FTX Trading Ltd. and the other debtors announced a Global Settlement Agreement with the joint official liquidators of FTX Digital Markets, described as the debtors' wholly owned subsidiary: the two estates would pool assets and coordinate reserves and distributions so that FTX.com customers in both proceedings receive substantially identical distributions, customers other than insiders could elect where to have their claims handled, and claims would be valued in dollars as of the petition dates. The Supreme Court of the Bahamas sanctioned the agreement and an accompanying exclusive sales agency agreement on 22 January 2024, and the Bankruptcy Court approved them on 24 and 29 January 2024; under the agency agreement the debtor called FTX Bahamas PropCo appointed FTX Digital Markets its exclusive agent to sell 35 luxury properties in the Bahamas."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-fdm-plan-setoff","record":{"id":"c-fdm-plan-setoff","kind":"fact","text":"Under the debtors' plan, the loan made by FTX Trading Ltd. to FTX Digital Markets in connection with the global settlement is satisfied on the plan's effective date by setoff against amounts the debtors owe FTX Digital Markets under that agreement; the disclosure statement does not state the loan amount.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Under the debtors' plan, the loan made by FTX Trading Ltd. to FTX Digital Markets in connection with the global settlement is satisfied on the plan's effective date by setoff against amounts the debtors owe FTX Digital Markets under that agreement; the disclosure statement does not state the loan amount."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-daag-acquisition","record":{"id":"c-eu-daag-acquisition","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Europe AG is the former Digital Assets DA AG (DAAG), a Swiss company acquired with its subsidiaries in three share purchase agreements of 25 October 2020, 2 July 2021 and 14 November 2021 from Patrick Gruhn, Brandon Williams and Lorem Ipsum UG, which is wholly owned by Robin Matzke. According to the debtors' motion of 22 February 2024, FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin Investments Ltd. made the purchases and, between 29 June 2021 and 5 October 2022, transferred a total of $273,499,994 in cash and USDC to the sellers for the shares and earn-out payments and promised or transferred FTX shares.","source_ids":["src-067","src-031"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-trading","maclaurin","patrick-gruhn","brandon-williams","lorem-ipsum","robin-matzke"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Europe AG is the former Digital Assets DA AG (DAAG), a Swiss company acquired with its subsidiaries in three share purchase agreements of 25 October 2020, 2 July 2021 and 14 November 2021 from Patrick Gruhn, Brandon Williams and Lorem Ipsum UG, which is wholly owned by Robin Matzke. According to the debtors' motion of 22 February 2024, FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin Investments Ltd. made the purchases and, between 29 June 2021 and 5 October 2022, transferred a total of $273,499,994 in cash and USDC to the sellers for the shares and earn-out payments and promised or transferred FTX shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-spa1-spa2","record":{"id":"c-eu-spa1-spa2","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 states that under the first agreement Alameda Ventures Ltd. (later Maclaurin) agreed to pay Crypto Lawyers, Ernest Ukaj and Lorem Ipsum $700,000 for 5% of DAAG, a $14 million valuation, and paid $500,000 in USDC; under the second, signed and closed on 2 July 2021, it was to pay Gruhn, Williams and Lorem Ipsum $55.5 million for 15%, sending $18.5 million in USDC to a wallet of Williams and $18.5 million to Matzke's FTX.com account on 29 June 2021 and wiring $18.5 million to Gruhn on 1 July 2021. On 18 November 2021 it sold the 20% it had bought to FTX Trading Ltd. for $62.5 million under an intercompany agreement that Bankman-Fried signed for both parties, after FTX Trading's general counsel noticed that the third agreement wrongly said FTX Trading already owned the 20%.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["maclaurin","ftx-europe","ernest-ukaj","lorem-ipsum","patrick-gruhn","brandon-williams","robin-matzke","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 states that under the first agreement Alameda Ventures Ltd. (later Maclaurin) agreed to pay Crypto Lawyers, Ernest Ukaj and Lorem Ipsum $700,000 for 5% of DAAG, a $14 million valuation, and paid $500,000 in USDC; under the second, signed and closed on 2 July 2021, it was to pay Gruhn, Williams and Lorem Ipsum $55.5 million for 15%, sending $18.5 million in USDC to a wallet of Williams and $18.5 million to Matzke's FTX.com account on 29 June 2021 and wiring $18.5 million to Gruhn on 1 July 2021. On 18 November 2021 it sold the 20% it had bought to FTX Trading Ltd. for $62.5 million under an intercompany agreement that Bankman-Fried signed for both parties, after FTX Trading's general counsel noticed that the third agreement wrongly said FTX Trading already owned the 20%."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-spa3","record":{"id":"c-eu-spa3","kind":"fact","text":"Under the third agreement, signed on 14 November 2021, FTX Trading Ltd. bought the remaining shares of DAAG (the earlier purchases having covered 20%) from Gruhn, Williams and Lorem Ipsum for a consideration package worth up to $320 million, including $166,666,656.26 in cash at closing; Williams received his whole consideration of $83,333,312.50 at closing, while Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum were each due $41,666,671.88 at closing plus conditional future payments tied to acquiring a contract-for-differences broker licensed in the European Economic Area. The complaint says the price implied a $400 million valuation, more than 2,700% above the first agreement.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe","patrick-gruhn","brandon-williams","lorem-ipsum"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Under the third agreement, signed on 14 November 2021, FTX Trading Ltd. bought the remaining shares of DAAG (the earlier purchases having covered 20%) from Gruhn, Williams and Lorem Ipsum for a consideration package worth up to $320 million, including $166,666,656.26 in cash at closing; Williams received his whole consideration of $83,333,312.50 at closing, while Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum were each due $41,666,671.88 at closing plus conditional future payments tied to acquiring a contract-for-differences broker licensed in the European Economic Area. The complaint says the price implied a $400 million valuation, more than 2,700% above the first agreement."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-earnouts","record":{"id":"c-eu-earnouts","kind":"attributed","text":"The complaint states that FTX Trading Ltd. paid bonus, stock and first additional cash earn-out instalments to Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum between 1 January and 5 October 2022, when Gruhn and Matzke were already Head of FTX Europe and Head of Legal for FTX Europe and reported directly to Bankman-Fried, and that the FTX Trading bank account used for the third-agreement and earn-out payments held commingled FTX.com customer deposits and corporate funds.","source_ids":["src-092","src-009","src-067","src-079"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","patrick-gruhn","lorem-ipsum","robin-matzke","sbf"],"qualification":"These are the debtors' allegations; the claims against Gruhn, Matzke, Lorem Ipsum and Williams were settled and dismissed in 2024 without a finding on them.","response":"Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum moved to dismiss the complaint in October 2023 and also moved to dismiss the Chapter 11 cases of FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin; the debtors described those motions as a litigation tactic.","outcome":"The dispute was resolved by a stipulation of 7 February 2024 approved by the Bankruptcy Court on 18 March 2024: the motions were withdrawn with prejudice, Gruhn's and Lorem Ipsum's claims were disallowed, Matzke's customer claim was allowed in an amount to be reconciled, mutual releases were granted and the adversary proceeding was dismissed with prejudice.","adverse_subject_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum"]},"reading":"Attributed: The complaint states that FTX Trading Ltd. paid bonus, stock and first additional cash earn-out instalments to Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum between 1 January and 5 October 2022, when Gruhn and Matzke were already Head of FTX Europe and Head of Legal for FTX Europe and reported directly to Bankman-Fried, and that the FTX Trading bank account used for the third-agreement and earn-out payments held commingled FTX.com customer deposits and corporate funds."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-acquisition-purpose","record":{"id":"c-eu-acquisition-purpose","kind":"attributed","text":"In their December 2023 filing the debtors alleged that Bankman-Fried and other insiders caused FTX Trading Ltd. and an affiliate to buy DAAG at a valuation of nearly $400 million without due diligence or price negotiation, although it had limited business and no intellectual property beyond a business plan, because they believed its founders could provide access to European regulators and licences, and that Gruhn, Matzke and others received $376 million of consideration for largely worthless assets at a time when the FTX Group was insolvent.","source_ids":["src-009","src-067","src-079","src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe","sbf","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke"],"qualification":"This is the debtors' characterization in contested litigation; the European licence later acquired (K-DNA) cost €2 million, according to the debtors.","response":"Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum contested the debtors' complaint by moving to dismiss it.","outcome":"The dispute was settled in February–March 2024 without a court finding on these allegations.","adverse_subject_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke"]},"reading":"Attributed: In their December 2023 filing the debtors alleged that Bankman-Fried and other insiders caused FTX Trading Ltd. and an affiliate to buy DAAG at a valuation of nearly $400 million without due diligence or price negotiation, although it had limited business and no intellectual property beyond a business plan, because they believed its founders could provide access to European regulators and licences, and that Gruhn, Matzke and others received $376 million of consideration for largely worthless assets at a time when the FTX Group was insolvent."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-disclosure-summary","record":{"id":"c-eu-disclosure-summary","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement summarizes that FTX Trading Ltd. acquired FTX Europe in a series of transactions completed in November 2021 for about $376 million in cryptocurrency, cash and stock, including $56 million of deferred consideration unpaid at the petition date; that before the petition date FTX Europe had transferred all of its approximately $105 million of crypto assets to FTX.com; and that, with other losses, this left FTX Europe over-indebted under Swiss law, while legacy liabilities of more than $125 million made a near-term sale impossible.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement summarizes that FTX Trading Ltd. acquired FTX Europe in a series of transactions completed in November 2021 for about $376 million in cryptocurrency, cash and stock, including $56 million of deferred consideration unpaid at the petition date; that before the petition date FTX Europe had transferred all of its approximately $105 million of crypto assets to FTX.com; and that, with other losses, this left FTX Europe over-indebted under Swiss law, while legacy liabilities of more than $125 million made a near-term sale impossible."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-litigation","record":{"id":"c-eu-litigation","kind":"fact","text":"Patrick Gruhn was Head of FTX Europe from November 2021 until 12 July 2023, when the debtors sued him and terminated his employment; Robin Matzke, sole managing director and shareholder of Lorem Ipsum UG, was Head of Legal for FTX Europe from November 2021 until his consulting contract expired in May 2023. On 30 June 2023 Gruhn filed a claim against FTX Trading Ltd. of no less than $33,402,312.50 and Lorem Ipsum one of no less than $62,011,656.25, and on 10 September 2023 Matzke filed a customer claim of more than $64 million. On 12 July 2023 Maclaurin and FTX Trading sued Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum (D.I. 1866, Adv. Pro. No. 23-50437) for avoidable fraudulent and preferential transfers and breach of fiduciary duties under Antiguan law, seeking about $323.5 million.","source_ids":["src-009","src-067","src-079"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","maclaurin"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum"]},"reading":"Fact: Patrick Gruhn was Head of FTX Europe from November 2021 until 12 July 2023, when the debtors sued him and terminated his employment; Robin Matzke, sole managing director and shareholder of Lorem Ipsum UG, was Head of Legal for FTX Europe from November 2021 until his consulting contract expired in May 2023. On 30 June 2023 Gruhn filed a claim against FTX Trading Ltd. of no less than $33,402,312.50 and Lorem Ipsum one of no less than $62,011,656.25, and on 10 September 2023 Matzke filed a customer claim of more than $64 million. On 12 July 2023 Maclaurin and FTX Trading sued Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum (D.I. 1866, Adv. Pro. No. 23-50437) for avoidable fraudulent and preferential transfers and breach of fiduciary duties under Antiguan law, seeking about $323.5 million."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-settlement","record":{"id":"c-eu-settlement","kind":"fact","text":"The dispute was settled in a stipulation dated 7 February 2024 among FTX Trading Ltd., Maclaurin, Lorem Ipsum UG, Gruhn, Matzke, Brandon Williams, Martha Lambrianou and another party. The Bankruptcy Court (Judge John T. Dorsey) approved it on 18 March 2024 and disallowed claim 4831 (Gruhn), 4476 (Lorem Ipsum UG) and 79107 and 79926 (filed by Lambrianou on behalf of FTX EU Ltd); the stipulation withdrew with prejudice the motions to dismiss the Chapter 11 cases of Maclaurin, FTX Trading Ltd., FTX Europe AG and FTX EU Ltd, allowed Matzke's customer claim in an amount to be reconciled, exchanged releases and dismissed the adversary proceeding with prejudice.","source_ids":["src-067","src-079","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","maclaurin","lorem-ipsum","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","brandon-williams","martha-lambrianou","ftx-eu","ftx-europe"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The dispute was settled in a stipulation dated 7 February 2024 among FTX Trading Ltd., Maclaurin, Lorem Ipsum UG, Gruhn, Matzke, Brandon Williams, Martha Lambrianou and another party. The Bankruptcy Court (Judge John T. Dorsey) approved it on 18 March 2024 and disallowed claim 4831 (Gruhn), 4476 (Lorem Ipsum UG) and 79107 and 79926 (filed by Lambrianou on behalf of FTX EU Ltd); the stipulation withdrew with prejudice the motions to dismiss the Chapter 11 cases of Maclaurin, FTX Trading Ltd., FTX Europe AG and FTX EU Ltd, allowed Matzke's customer claim in an amount to be reconciled, exchanged releases and dismissed the adversary proceeding with prejudice."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-released-parties","record":{"id":"c-eu-released-parties","kind":"fact","text":"Annex A to the stipulation lists persons released by the debtors and describes their connections: Kephas Corp (100% owned by Gruhn), an IT service provider to the debtors before and after the petition; Kephas Stiftung gGmbH (100% Gruhn); WIB Technologies Inc (90% Gruhn), IT provider to Kephas; DAAG USA LLC, 27% owned each by Gruhn and Williams; Sheridan Investment Holdings LLC, Gruhn's investment vehicle; and P&W Digital Assets LLC, owned equally by Williams and Gruhn and used as market maker and liquidity provider for FTX Europe entities. It also lists Jürg Bavaud as a director of FTX Switzerland GmbH and Max Rhotert as former managing director of FTX Trading GmbH, needed for its liquidation.","source_ids":["src-079","src-067"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","brandon-williams","kephas","kephas-stiftung","wib","daag-usa","sheridan","pw-digital","ftx-europe","jurg-bavaud","ftx-switzerland","max-rhotert","ftx-trading-gmbh"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Annex A to the stipulation lists persons released by the debtors and describes their connections: Kephas Corp (100% owned by Gruhn), an IT service provider to the debtors before and after the petition; Kephas Stiftung gGmbH (100% Gruhn); WIB Technologies Inc (90% Gruhn), IT provider to Kephas; DAAG USA LLC, 27% owned each by Gruhn and Williams; Sheridan Investment Holdings LLC, Gruhn's investment vehicle; and P&W Digital Assets LLC, owned equally by Williams and Gruhn and used as market maker and liquidity provider for FTX Europe entities. It also lists Jürg Bavaud as a director of FTX Switzerland GmbH and Max Rhotert as former managing director of FTX Trading GmbH, needed for its liquidation."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-kephas-payments","record":{"id":"c-eu-kephas-payments","kind":"attributed","text":"The debtors' July 2023 complaint states that between May 2021 and February 2023 FTX Europe and FTX Switzerland paid at least $4 million to Gruhn's company Kephas, doing business as DAAG Technology Services, for IT and consulting services without a written contract, and that Kephas's invoices explain only $1.65 million of it.","source_ids":["src-092","src-079"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-switzerland","kephas","patrick-gruhn"],"qualification":"These are the debtors' allegations; the related claims were released in the 2024 settlement.","response":"","outcome":"Kephas Corp was among the persons released by the debtors under the stipulation approved on 18 March 2024."},"reading":"Attributed: The debtors' July 2023 complaint states that between May 2021 and February 2023 FTX Europe and FTX Switzerland paid at least $4 million to Gruhn's company Kephas, doing business as DAAG Technology Services, for IT and consulting services without a written contract, and that Kephas's invoices explain only $1.65 million of it."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-dastmaltchi","record":{"id":"c-eu-dastmaltchi","kind":"attributed","text":"According to the complaint, DAAG paid $5 million to Mohammad Hans Dastmaltchi under an agreement of 5 June 2021, signed by Gruhn as purported chairman of DAAG's board, to help find a CySEC-licensed investment firm to acquire.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","mohammad-dastmaltchi","patrick-gruhn"],"qualification":"The debtors state that they found no records showing Gruhn on DAAG's board; the retained record contains no response from Dastmaltchi.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: According to the complaint, DAAG paid $5 million to Mohammad Hans Dastmaltchi under an agreement of 5 June 2021, signed by Gruhn as purported chairman of DAAG's board, to help find a CySEC-licensed investment firm to acquire."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-joint-venture","record":{"id":"c-eu-joint-venture","kind":"fact","text":"The complaint also describes a joint venture agreement among DAAG, CM-Equity AG and FTX Trading GmbH, a wholly owned German subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd., to offer tokenized equities to FTX.com users, and a tied agency agreement under which FTX Trading GmbH could use CM-Equity's BaFin licences by referring FTX.com users to CM-Equity's brokerage services.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","cm-equity","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The complaint also describes a joint venture agreement among DAAG, CM-Equity AG and FTX Trading GmbH, a wholly owned German subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd., to offer tokenized equities to FTX.com users, and a tied agency agreement under which FTX Trading GmbH could use CM-Equity's BaFin licences by referring FTX.com users to CM-Equity's brokerage services."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-moratorium","record":{"id":"c-eu-moratorium","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Europe AG's board asked the District Court of Höfe for a provisional moratorium on 4 April 2023 because of over-indebtedness under Swiss law. According to the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce, the court granted a four-month provisional moratorium on 11 April 2023 with Holenstein Brusa AG, Zurich, as provisional administrator (Franco Lorandi leading the mandate), extended it on 21 July 2023 to 11 December 2023, granted a definitive moratorium of six months on 24 November 2023 and extended it on 10 June 2024.","source_ids":["src-014","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","holenstein-brusa","franco-lorandi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"The court lifted the moratorium on 12 September 2024, after it had approved FTX Europe's sale and restructuring agreements on 19 April 2024; FTX Europe's general meeting then resolved on 31 October 2024 to dissolve the company, which entered liquidation.","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-europe"]},"reading":"Fact: FTX Europe AG's board asked the District Court of Höfe for a provisional moratorium on 4 April 2023 because of over-indebtedness under Swiss law. According to the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce, the court granted a four-month provisional moratorium on 11 April 2023 with Holenstein Brusa AG, Zurich, as provisional administrator (Franco Lorandi leading the mandate), extended it on 21 July 2023 to 11 December 2023, granted a definitive moratorium of six months on 24 November 2023 and extended it on 10 June 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-restructuring","record":{"id":"c-eu-restructuring","kind":"fact","text":"The disclosure statement reports that the debtors negotiated restructuring agreements settling claims among FTX Europe, Alameda Research LLC, FTX Trading Ltd. and third parties CM-Equity AG and Binance (Switzerland) AG, reducing claims against the debtors by a net $14 million; the Swiss court approved FTX Europe's sale transaction and these agreements on 19 April 2024, after which FTX Europe was expected to repay its third-party creditors in full, return about $30 million to FTX Trading and Alameda Research in satisfaction of intercompany claims and consideration, and proceed to a solvent liquidation.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","cm-equity","binance-switzerland"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The disclosure statement reports that the debtors negotiated restructuring agreements settling claims among FTX Europe, Alameda Research LLC, FTX Trading Ltd. and third parties CM-Equity AG and Binance (Switzerland) AG, reducing claims against the debtors by a net $14 million; the Swiss court approved FTX Europe's sale transaction and these agreements on 19 April 2024, after which FTX Europe was expected to repay its third-party creditors in full, return about $30 million to FTX Trading and Alameda Research in satisfaction of intercompany claims and consideration, and proceed to a solvent liquidation."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-creditor-call","record":{"id":"c-eu-creditor-call","kind":"fact","text":"A Swiss business news report of January 2024 said the planned sale of FTX Europe AG had not taken place and that creditors had been called to file claims with the administrator Holenstein Brusa AG by 9 February; according to court documents cited in the report, FTX Europe AG held $2.8 million in its accounts at the time of the collapse.","source_ids":["src-084"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","holenstein-brusa"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A Swiss business news report of January 2024 said the planned sale of FTX Europe AG had not taken place and that creditors had been called to file claims with the administrator Holenstein Brusa AG by 9 February; according to court documents cited in the report, FTX Europe AG held $2.8 million in its accounts at the time of the collapse."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-liquidation","record":{"id":"c-eu-liquidation","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Europe AG (UID CHE-175.231.191, entered in the commercial register on 1 July 2020, share capital CHF 1'000'000.00, registered address Churerstrasse 135, 8808 Pfäffikon SZ) was dissolved by resolution of its general meeting of 31 October 2024 and renamed FTX Europe AG in Liquidation; Arturo Giovanoli was entered as board member and liquidator with sole signature (Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce, 22 November 2024). Register data reproduced by a company-information service show it as being cancelled.","source_ids":["src-014","src-031"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","arturo-giovanoli"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-europe"]},"reading":"Fact: FTX Europe AG (UID CHE-175.231.191, entered in the commercial register on 1 July 2020, share capital CHF 1'000'000.00, registered address Churerstrasse 135, 8808 Pfäffikon SZ) was dissolved by resolution of its general meeting of 31 October 2024 and renamed FTX Europe AG in Liquidation; Arturo Giovanoli was entered as board member and liquidator with sole signature (Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce, 22 November 2024). Register data reproduced by a company-information service show it as being cancelled."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-kdna","record":{"id":"c-eu-kdna","kind":"fact","text":"FTX EU Ltd was formerly K-DNA Financial Services Ltd, incorporated in Cyprus on 10 September 2014 and licensed by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) as an investment firm on 23 April 2015. According to the debtors' complaint, Robin Matzke personally agreed on 22 October 2021 to buy K-DNA from Proverial Ltd. and another shareholder for €2 million and assigned his rights to DAAG; after CySEC issued a letter of non-objection on 6 September 2022, Matzke and Proverial transferred their shares to FTX Europe AG, which became sole owner. The disclosure statement gives the purchase price as about $2 million and describes FTX EU Ltd (\"FTX Cyprus\") as responsible for onboarding European customers to FTX.com.","source_ids":["src-092","src-122","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu","robin-matzke","proverial","ftx-europe"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX EU Ltd was formerly K-DNA Financial Services Ltd, incorporated in Cyprus on 10 September 2014 and licensed by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) as an investment firm on 23 April 2015. According to the debtors' complaint, Robin Matzke personally agreed on 22 October 2021 to buy K-DNA from Proverial Ltd. and another shareholder for €2 million and assigned his rights to DAAG; after CySEC issued a letter of non-objection on 6 September 2022, Matzke and Proverial transferred their shares to FTX Europe AG, which became sole owner. The disclosure statement gives the purchase price as about $2 million and describes FTX EU Ltd (\"FTX Cyprus\") as responsible for onboarding European customers to FTX.com."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-cysec-suspension","record":{"id":"c-eu-cysec-suspension","kind":"fact","text":"CySEC suspended FTX EU Ltd's authorisation in full with effect from 11 November 2022 on suspicion that it did not comply with authorisation conditions on the suitability of its management body and on organisational requirements for safeguarding client assets; during the suspension it could not provide investment services or take new clients but could, if clients wished, complete their transactions and return all funds and financial instruments attributable to them (notice of the Malta Financial Services Authority, 17 November 2022). CySEC's board extended the suspension on 30 October 2024 (announced 5 November 2024).","source_ids":["src-034","src-033"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu","cysec","mfsa"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-eu"]},"reading":"Fact: CySEC suspended FTX EU Ltd's authorisation in full with effect from 11 November 2022 on suspicion that it did not comply with authorisation conditions on the suitability of its management body and on organisational requirements for safeguarding client assets; during the suspension it could not provide investment services or take new clients but could, if clients wished, complete their transactions and return all funds and financial instruments attributable to them (notice of the Malta Financial Services Authority, 17 November 2022). CySEC's board extended the suspension on 30 October 2024 (announced 5 November 2024)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-cyprus-shortfall","record":{"id":"c-eu-cyprus-shortfall","kind":"fact","text":"The disclosure statement reports that after the suspension a reconciliation carried out with the debtors' advisers found that FTX EU Ltd had not maintained sufficient segregated assets to repay its customer liabilities and faced a substantial shortfall, making a short-term return of segregated customer funds, a key condition for lifting the suspension, impossible.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-eu"]},"reading":"Fact: The disclosure statement reports that after the suspension a reconciliation carried out with the debtors' advisers found that FTX EU Ltd had not maintained sufficient segregated assets to repay its customer liabilities and faced a substantial shortfall, making a short-term return of segregated customer funds, a key condition for lifting the suspension, impossible."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-lambrianou","record":{"id":"c-eu-lambrianou","kind":"fact","text":"Martha Lambrianou, the sole remaining pre-petition director of FTX EU Ltd, filed claims on its behalf against FTX Trading Ltd. and FTX Switzerland GmbH (Nos. 79107 and 79926, the latter on 28 September 2023) for $161,203,051.84; the Bankruptcy Court disallowed both claims on 18 March 2024 under the settlement stipulation. Marios Athinodorou is listed as a former managing director of FTX EU Ltd.","source_ids":["src-067","src-079"],"entity_ids":["martha-lambrianou","ftx-eu","ftx-trading","ftx-switzerland","marios-athinodorou"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Martha Lambrianou, the sole remaining pre-petition director of FTX EU Ltd, filed claims on its behalf against FTX Trading Ltd. and FTX Switzerland GmbH (Nos. 79107 and 79926, the latter on 28 September 2023) for $161,203,051.84; the Bankruptcy Court disallowed both claims on 18 March 2024 under the settlement stipulation. Marios Athinodorou is listed as a former managing director of FTX EU Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-sale","record":{"id":"c-eu-sale","kind":"fact","text":"As part of the settlement, on 7 February 2024 Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum UG agreed in a share and asset purchase agreement to cause CredoMedia GmbH to buy FTX EU Ltd, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, FTX Structured Products AG and operating assets of FTX Europe for $32.7 million. The Bankruptcy Court approved the sale to these former insiders of FTX Europe on 18 March 2024 and it closed on 10 May 2024. An earlier debtors' motion of 4 January 2024 had proposed that FTX Trading Ltd. buy FTX Europe's shares in FTX EU Ltd and FTX Switzerland GmbH and that the Chapter 11 cases of FTX Europe AG, FTX Certificates GmbH, FTX Crypto Services Ltd, FTX Structured Products AG and FTX Trading GmbH be dismissed.","source_ids":["src-067","src-068","src-005"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","credomedia","ftx-eu","ftx-switzerland","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-certificates","ftx-structured-products","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","ftx-crypto-services"],"qualification":"The purchase agreement lists FTX Trading GmbH among FTX Europe's subsidiaries, whereas the November 2022 ownership statement lists it as 100% owned by FTX Trading Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: As part of the settlement, on 7 February 2024 Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum UG agreed in a share and asset purchase agreement to cause CredoMedia GmbH to buy FTX EU Ltd, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, FTX Structured Products AG and operating assets of FTX Europe for $32.7 million. The Bankruptcy Court approved the sale to these former insiders of FTX Europe on 18 March 2024 and it closed on 10 May 2024. An earlier debtors' motion of 4 January 2024 had proposed that FTX Trading Ltd. buy FTX Europe's shares in FTX EU Ltd and FTX Switzerland GmbH and that the Chapter 11 cases of FTX Europe AG, FTX Certificates GmbH, FTX Crypto Services Ltd, FTX Structured Products AG and FTX Trading GmbH be dismissed."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-backpack","record":{"id":"c-eu-backpack","kind":"attributed","text":"In January 2025 two crypto-industry news reports said the FTX estate had complained that Backpack Exchange's arrangements to pay former FTX EU customers were unauthorized; according to one of them, the estate said it had not been aware that Backpack bought FTX EU, disclaimed responsibility for repaying FTX EU customers and said it could not verify Backpack's statements. One report said the share transfer to Backpack was still awaited.","source_ids":["src-052","src-112"],"entity_ids":["backpack","ftx-eu","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","cysec"],"qualification":"The estate's statement itself was not retained; the account of it comes from the news reports.","response":"Backpack said it had bought FTX EU Ltd from Gruhn and Matzke, a transaction reflected in public records since June 2024 and approved by CySEC, and told one outlet that it paid $32.7 million in April 2024. Gruhn said he had started a CySEC change-of-control procedure in May 2024, that FTX EU would be renamed Backpack EU and would distribute the former FTX EU funds to clients, and that FTX had no direct relationship with Backpack.","outcome":"CySEC's register lists the firm (registration 335683, licence 273/15) as Trek Labs Europe Ltd, previous name FTX EU Ltd, with the trade name Backpack EU; on 23 June 2025 CySEC lifted the suspension of its authorisation after finding it compliant."},"reading":"Attributed: In January 2025 two crypto-industry news reports said the FTX estate had complained that Backpack Exchange's arrangements to pay former FTX EU customers were unauthorized; according to one of them, the estate said it had not been aware that Backpack bought FTX EU, disclaimed responsibility for repaying FTX EU customers and said it could not verify Backpack's statements. One report said the share transfer to Backpack was still awaited."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-trek-labs-europe","record":{"id":"c-eu-trek-labs-europe","kind":"fact","text":"CySEC's register of investment firms lists registration number 335683 and licence 273/15 (23 April 2015) under the name Trek Labs Europe Ltd, previous name FTX EU Ltd, with the approved trade name Backpack EU and an address in Nicosia. GLEIF's record for LEI 2138001ME4Z9Z8DZNS52 gives the same company's previous legal names as K-DNA Financial Services Ltd and FTX EU Ltd, a creation date of 10 September 2014 and a legal address in Limassol; the LEI is issued, and the record reports an exception instead of naming a parent. On 23 June 2025 CySEC recalled its suspension of the authorisation of Trek Labs Europe Ltd (ex FTX (EU) Ltd), having been satisfied of its compliance.","source_ids":["src-015","src-122","src-099"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu","cysec"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: CySEC's register of investment firms lists registration number 335683 and licence 273/15 (23 April 2015) under the name Trek Labs Europe Ltd, previous name FTX EU Ltd, with the approved trade name Backpack EU and an address in Nicosia. GLEIF's record for LEI 2138001ME4Z9Z8DZNS52 gives the same company's previous legal names as K-DNA Financial Services Ltd and FTX EU Ltd, a creation date of 10 September 2014 and a legal address in Limassol; the LEI is issued, and the record reports an exception instead of naming a parent. On 23 June 2025 CySEC recalled its suspension of the authorisation of Trek Labs Europe Ltd (ex FTX (EU) Ltd), having been satisfied of its compliance."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-credomedia","record":{"id":"c-eu-credomedia","kind":"fact","text":"German register data reproduced by company-information services show CredoMedia GmbH, Hannover (HRB 226933), the buyer named in the February 2024 purchase agreement, with Patrick Gruhn as shareholder from March 2015 to June 2024 and managing director from March 2015 to March 2024 and Max Hartmut Alexander Rhotert as managing director until July 2026. On 7 July 2026 it was renamed Trek Labs GmbH, its purpose changed from journalism and advertising to distributed-ledger consulting, and Can Sun, formerly general counsel of FTX Trading Ltd., became sole managing director.","source_ids":["src-094","src-070"],"entity_ids":["credomedia","patrick-gruhn","max-rhotert","can-sun","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The register data do not show who owned CredoMedia or Trek Labs GmbH after June 2024, nor any ownership link between Trek Labs GmbH and Trek Labs Europe Ltd beyond the shared name.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: German register data reproduced by company-information services show CredoMedia GmbH, Hannover (HRB 226933), the buyer named in the February 2024 purchase agreement, with Patrick Gruhn as shareholder from March 2015 to June 2024 and managing director from March 2015 to March 2024 and Max Hartmut Alexander Rhotert as managing director until July 2026. On 7 July 2026 it was renamed Trek Labs GmbH, its purpose changed from journalism and advertising to distributed-ledger consulting, and Can Sun, formerly general counsel of FTX Trading Ltd., became sole managing director."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-modulus-suit","record":{"id":"c-eu-modulus-suit","kind":"fact","text":"On 14 November 2024 Modulus Global Incorporated sued Ernest Ukaj, WIB Technologies Incorporated, Patrick Gruhn, DAAG USA LLC, Robin Matzke, Stephen Stephens, Lorem Ipsum RM UG, Lorem Ipsum UG, Brandon Williams and Kephas Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona (No. 2:2024cv03195) under the Defend Trade Secrets Act.","source_ids":["src-106"],"entity_ids":["modulus-global","ernest-ukaj","wib","patrick-gruhn","daag-usa","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","brandon-williams","kephas"],"qualification":"The retained docket summary shows only the parties and the nature of the suit; it does not show the claims in detail or any ruling.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 14 November 2024 Modulus Global Incorporated sued Ernest Ukaj, WIB Technologies Incorporated, Patrick Gruhn, DAAG USA LLC, Robin Matzke, Stephen Stephens, Lorem Ipsum RM UG, Lorem Ipsum UG, Brandon Williams and Kephas Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona (No. 2:2024cv03195) under the Defend Trade Secrets Act."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-europe-lei","record":{"id":"c-eu-europe-lei","kind":"fact","text":"GLEIF's record for FTX Europe AG in Liquidation (LEI 5493006ABW15UQFSUN13) gives Swiss register RA000548 number CHE175231191, a creation date of 1 July 2020 and a name change effective 22 November 2024; the entity is active, its LEI has lapsed, and for its direct parent the record carries a reporting exception, so FTX Trading Ltd. is not named as parent in the LEI system. The only direct child with an LEI recorded for it is TL Certificates GmbH in Liquidation, formerly FTX Certificates GmbH.","source_ids":["src-120","src-121"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-certificates","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: GLEIF's record for FTX Europe AG in Liquidation (LEI 5493006ABW15UQFSUN13) gives Swiss register RA000548 number CHE175231191, a creation date of 1 July 2020 and a name change effective 22 November 2024; the entity is active, its LEI has lapsed, and for its direct parent the record carries a reporting exception, so FTX Trading Ltd. is not named as parent in the LEI system. The only direct child with an LEI recorded for it is TL Certificates GmbH in Liquidation, formerly FTX Certificates GmbH."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-board-2022","record":{"id":"c-eu-board-2022","kind":"fact","text":"According to commercial-register publications as reproduced by company-information services, Robin Matzke was entered as president and Jürg Bavaud as a member of the board of the company on 18 February 2022, when it took the name FTX Europe AG with its seat in Freienbach; Kilian Schärli was registered as secretary outside the board until his removal was published on 18 November 2022. A Swiss business publication reported on 14 November 2022 that Martin Liebi, previously Head Capital Markets Regulatory in PwC Switzerland's legal team, had joined the board in June 2022 and that the register listed \"ftx Trading Limited, Nassau, BHS\" as owner of the company, whose capital was one million francs.","source_ids":["src-032","src-041","src-014"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","robin-matzke","jurg-bavaud","kilian-scharli","martin-liebi","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to commercial-register publications as reproduced by company-information services, Robin Matzke was entered as president and Jürg Bavaud as a member of the board of the company on 18 February 2022, when it took the name FTX Europe AG with its seat in Freienbach; Kilian Schärli was registered as secretary outside the board until his removal was published on 18 November 2022. A Swiss business publication reported on 14 November 2022 that Martin Liebi, previously Head Capital Markets Regulatory in PwC Switzerland's legal team, had joined the board in June 2022 and that the register listed \"ftx Trading Limited, Nassau, BHS\" as owner of the company, whose capital was one million francs."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-board-2023","record":{"id":"c-eu-board-2023","kind":"fact","text":"Register publications record that Martin Liebi left the board of FTX Europe AG (published 10 February 2023), when Robin Matzke changed from president to member; that Matzke left on 29 March 2023; and that Jürg Bavaud left and Arturo Giovanoli joined as a member (published 5 January 2024).","source_ids":["src-014","src-032"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","martin-liebi","robin-matzke","jurg-bavaud","arturo-giovanoli"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Register publications record that Martin Liebi left the board of FTX Europe AG (published 10 February 2023), when Robin Matzke changed from president to member; that Matzke left on 29 March 2023; and that Jürg Bavaud left and Arturo Giovanoli joined as a member (published 5 January 2024)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-swiss-network","record":{"id":"c-eu-swiss-network","kind":"fact","text":"A Swiss business news site reported on 15 November 2022 that FTX had at least six companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, set up from early 2022: FTX Europe AG, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX General Partners AG, FTX Derivatives GmbH, FTX Structured Products AG and FTX Certificates GmbH (formerly DAAG Certificates GmbH). Five were registered at the same address on Churerstrasse in Pfäffikon SZ and FTX Structured Products in Ruggell, Liechtenstein, with FTX Europe AG as the hub to which the others were attached; Jürg Bavaud sat on the boards of all five Swiss companies and Martin Liebi also on that of FTX Structured Products AG. A FINMA spokesperson said FTX Switzerland GmbH was affiliated for anti-money-laundering purposes with the self-regulatory organisation SRO Treuhand.","source_ids":["src-075"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-switzerland","ftx-general-partners","ftx-derivatives","ftx-structured-products","ftx-certificates","jurg-bavaud","martin-liebi","finma"],"qualification":"The report does not give the shareholding of FTX General Partners AG or FTX Derivatives GmbH; register data later show FTX Derivatives GmbH wholly owned by FTX Switzerland GmbH.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A Swiss business news site reported on 15 November 2022 that FTX had at least six companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, set up from early 2022: FTX Europe AG, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX General Partners AG, FTX Derivatives GmbH, FTX Structured Products AG and FTX Certificates GmbH (formerly DAAG Certificates GmbH). Five were registered at the same address on Churerstrasse in Pfäffikon SZ and FTX Structured Products in Ruggell, Liechtenstein, with FTX Europe AG as the hub to which the others were attached; Jürg Bavaud sat on the boards of all five Swiss companies and Martin Liebi also on that of FTX Structured Products AG. A FINMA spokesperson said FTX Switzerland GmbH was affiliated for anti-money-laundering purposes with the self-regulatory organisation SRO Treuhand."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-gruhn-unregistered","record":{"id":"c-eu-gruhn-unregistered","kind":"fact","text":"The same report noted that Patrick Gruhn, who described himself as a crypto lawyer, was not registered in any FTX company but appeared to be the operational managing director of FTX Europe.","source_ids":["src-075"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","ftx-europe"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same report noted that Patrick Gruhn, who described himself as a crypto lawyer, was not registered in any FTX company but appeared to be the operational managing director of FTX Europe."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-sale-plan-2023","record":{"id":"c-eu-sale-plan-2023","kind":"fact","text":"A local Swiss news site, citing another Swiss news report on recent filings in Delaware, wrote that FTX Europe AG in Pfäffikon SZ, described in that report as the Swiss holding company for FTX's business in Europe and the Middle East, and its affiliated companies were to be sold quickly in the bankruptcy because of regulatory pressure, including from FINMA; it listed Martin Liebi, Robin Matzke and Jürg Bavaud as board members and noted that Kilian Schärli had been removed as board secretary.","source_ids":["src-042","src-075"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","finma","martin-liebi","robin-matzke","jurg-bavaud","kilian-scharli"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A local Swiss news site, citing another Swiss news report on recent filings in Delaware, wrote that FTX Europe AG in Pfäffikon SZ, described in that report as the Swiss holding company for FTX's business in Europe and the Middle East, and its affiliated companies were to be sold quickly in the bankruptcy because of regulatory pressure, including from FINMA; it listed Martin Liebi, Robin Matzke and Jürg Bavaud as board members and noted that Kilian Schärli had been removed as board secretary."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-williams","record":{"id":"c-eu-williams","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' July 2023 complaint describes Brandon Williams as an employee and shareholder of DAAG before its acquisition and managing director of the digital-asset advisory and trading firm Cosima Capital; a 2026 SEC filing by another company describes him as co-founder and head of global business development of Digital Assets DA AG since 2020.","source_ids":["src-092","src-108"],"entity_ids":["brandon-williams","ftx-europe"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' July 2023 complaint describes Brandon Williams as an employee and shareholder of DAAG before its acquisition and managing director of the digital-asset advisory and trading firm Cosima Capital; a 2026 SEC filing by another company describes him as co-founder and head of global business development of Digital Assets DA AG since 2020."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"c-eu-ftx-switzerland","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Switzerland GmbH (UID CHE-268.689.958, entered in the register on 12 June 2018, capital CHF 20'000) was founded by Patrick Gruhn as K & G Lawyers for International Business and Tax Law GmbH and renamed Crypto Lawyers GmbH in February 2019, Canco GmbH in June 2021 and FTX Switzerland GmbH in April 2022, after FTX Trading acquired it as part of DAAG, according to the debtors' complaint; Crypto Lawyers' management team included Max Rhotert (its chief operating officer, later chief operating officer of FTX Europe) and Gruhn as managing director. A register publication of 19 April 2022 entered FTX Europe AG as its member (shareholder); one of 30 December 2024 recorded that FTX Europe AG was no longer a member, the company having been renamed TL Switzerland GmbH and moved to Herisau.","source_ids":["src-047","src-117","src-092","src-048"],"entity_ids":["ftx-switzerland","patrick-gruhn","max-rhotert","ftx-europe","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Switzerland GmbH (UID CHE-268.689.958, entered in the register on 12 June 2018, capital CHF 20'000) was founded by Patrick Gruhn as K & G Lawyers for International Business and Tax Law GmbH and renamed Crypto Lawyers GmbH in February 2019, Canco GmbH in June 2021 and FTX Switzerland GmbH in April 2022, after FTX Trading acquired it as part of DAAG, according to the debtors' complaint; Crypto Lawyers' management team included Max Rhotert (its chief operating officer, later chief operating officer of FTX Europe) and Gruhn as managing director. A register publication of 19 April 2022 entered FTX Europe AG as its member (shareholder); one of 30 December 2024 recorded that FTX Europe AG was no longer a member, the company having been renamed TL Switzerland GmbH and moved to Herisau."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers","record":{"id":"c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers","kind":"fact","text":"Register data reproduced by a company-information service give FTX Switzerland GmbH's managing officers as Ernest Ukaj (12 June 2018 to 28 September 2021), Max Hartmut Alexander Rhotert (28 September 2021 to 4 April 2023), Jürg Bavaud (director from 17 January 2022, managing officer from 4 April 2023 to 3 September 2024) and Aleks Marku (23 December 2024 to 1 June 2026), with Annekathrin Hohmann as a director from 28 September 2021 to 17 January 2022.","source_ids":["src-117","src-047"],"entity_ids":["ftx-switzerland","ernest-ukaj","max-rhotert","jurg-bavaud","aleks-marku","annekathrin-hohmann"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Register data reproduced by a company-information service give FTX Switzerland GmbH's managing officers as Ernest Ukaj (12 June 2018 to 28 September 2021), Max Hartmut Alexander Rhotert (28 September 2021 to 4 April 2023), Jürg Bavaud (director from 17 January 2022, managing officer from 4 April 2023 to 3 September 2024) and Aleks Marku (23 December 2024 to 1 June 2026), with Annekathrin Hohmann as a director from 28 September 2021 to 17 January 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-tl-switzerland-bankruptcy","record":{"id":"c-eu-tl-switzerland-bankruptcy","kind":"fact","text":"The single judge of the Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden declared TL Switzerland GmbH (formerly FTX Switzerland GmbH) bankrupt with effect from 29 May 2026, 08:20, and the company was renamed TL Switzerland GmbH in Liquidation; on 10 September 2026 the bankruptcy proceedings were suspended for lack of assets.","source_ids":["src-047","src-117"],"entity_ids":["ftx-switzerland"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-switzerland"]},"reading":"Fact: The single judge of the Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden declared TL Switzerland GmbH (formerly FTX Switzerland GmbH) bankrupt with effect from 29 May 2026, 08:20, and the company was renamed TL Switzerland GmbH in Liquidation; on 10 September 2026 the bankruptcy proceedings were suspended for lack of assets."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-certificates","record":{"id":"c-eu-certificates","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Certificates GmbH (UID CHE-162.267.877, entered in the register on 6 July 2020, capital CHF 20'000) was earlier named Kali Hodling GmbH and DAAG Certificates GmbH and is now TL Certificates GmbH. The history of its LEI record (506700N3EE6U50944T62) shows the change of name from DAAG Certificates GmbH to FTX Certificates GmbH together with a move from Industriestrasse 28 to an address at Churerstrasse 135 care of FTX Europe AG. GLEIF records it as directly consolidated by FTX Europe AG from 31 December 2020; that relationship record lapsed after its last update on 23 March 2023.","source_ids":["src-055","src-086","src-119"],"entity_ids":["ftx-certificates","ftx-europe"],"qualification":"The GLEIF relationship record predates the 2024 sale of the company and does not reflect it.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Certificates GmbH (UID CHE-162.267.877, entered in the register on 6 July 2020, capital CHF 20'000) was earlier named Kali Hodling GmbH and DAAG Certificates GmbH and is now TL Certificates GmbH. The history of its LEI record (506700N3EE6U50944T62) shows the change of name from DAAG Certificates GmbH to FTX Certificates GmbH together with a move from Industriestrasse 28 to an address at Churerstrasse 135 care of FTX Europe AG. GLEIF records it as directly consolidated by FTX Europe AG from 31 December 2020; that relationship record lapsed after its last update on 23 March 2023."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-certificates-bankruptcy","record":{"id":"c-eu-certificates-bankruptcy","kind":"fact","text":"The Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden opened bankruptcy proceedings against TL Certificates GmbH (formerly FTX Certificates GmbH) and suspended them for lack of assets on 10 September 2026, the same date as for TL Switzerland GmbH; Aleks Marku is recorded as its managing officer and signatory.","source_ids":["src-055"],"entity_ids":["ftx-certificates","aleks-marku"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-certificates"]},"reading":"Fact: The Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden opened bankruptcy proceedings against TL Certificates GmbH (formerly FTX Certificates GmbH) and suspended them for lack of assets on 10 September 2026, the same date as for TL Switzerland GmbH; Aleks Marku is recorded as its managing officer and signatory."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-derivatives","record":{"id":"c-eu-derivatives","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Derivatives GmbH (UID CHE-153.425.864) amended its articles on 23 September 2024, became TL Derivatives GmbH and moved its seat from Freienbach to Industriestrasse 28, Herisau, with Aleks Marku as managing officer with sole signature. A register publication records TL Switzerland GmbH, formerly FTX Switzerland GmbH, as its sole member with 200 shares of CHF 100, in place of FTX Switzerland GmbH in Freienbach; the company is now TL Derivatives GmbH in Liquidation.","source_ids":["src-048"],"entity_ids":["ftx-derivatives","aleks-marku","ftx-switzerland"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Derivatives GmbH (UID CHE-153.425.864) amended its articles on 23 September 2024, became TL Derivatives GmbH and moved its seat from Freienbach to Industriestrasse 28, Herisau, with Aleks Marku as managing officer with sole signature. A register publication records TL Switzerland GmbH, formerly FTX Switzerland GmbH, as its sole member with 200 shares of CHF 100, in place of FTX Switzerland GmbH in Freienbach; the company is now TL Derivatives GmbH in Liquidation."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-general-partners","record":{"id":"c-eu-general-partners","kind":"fact","text":"FTX General Partners AG (UID CHE-313.215.416, entered in the register on 26 June 2020, capital CHF 100'000), earlier General Partners AG and now TL General Partners AG in Liquidation, in Herisau, lists Aleks Marku as its sole board member. The Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden declared it bankrupt with effect from 4 June 2026 and suspended the proceedings for lack of assets on 14 September 2026.","source_ids":["src-069"],"entity_ids":["ftx-general-partners","aleks-marku"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-general-partners"]},"reading":"Fact: FTX General Partners AG (UID CHE-313.215.416, entered in the register on 26 June 2020, capital CHF 100'000), earlier General Partners AG and now TL General Partners AG in Liquidation, in Herisau, lists Aleks Marku as its sole board member. The Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden declared it bankrupt with effect from 4 June 2026 and suspended the proceedings for lack of assets on 14 September 2026."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-structured-products","record":{"id":"c-eu-structured-products","kind":"fact","text":"Liechtenstein register data reproduced by a company-information service show that Jürg Bavaud joined the board of FTX Structured Products Ltd. (Ruggell, FL-0002.660.620-3) on 21 April 2023, replacing two members including Martin Liebi, left the board on 29 September 2024 and became its liquidator on 17 May 2025.","source_ids":["src-087"],"entity_ids":["ftx-structured-products","jurg-bavaud","martin-liebi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Liechtenstein register data reproduced by a company-information service show that Jürg Bavaud joined the board of FTX Structured Products Ltd. (Ruggell, FL-0002.660.620-3) on 21 April 2023, replacing two members including Martin Liebi, left the board on 29 September 2024 and became its liquidator on 17 May 2025."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-eu-ftx-trading-gmbh","record":{"id":"c-eu-ftx-trading-gmbh","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading GmbH was registered on 7 December 2020 at the Hannover local court under HRB 220867 with share capital of €25,000 and renamed TL Trading GmbH on 24 September 2024, with an address at Wülfeler Strasse 63, Hannover, from 16 September 2024. Max Hartmut Alexander Rhotert was its managing director from 7 December 2020 to 14 April 2023 and again from September 2024, and Jürg Bavaud from 14 April 2023 to 16 September 2024.","source_ids":["src-049"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading-gmbh","max-rhotert","jurg-bavaud"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading GmbH was registered on 7 December 2020 at the Hannover local court under HRB 220867 with share capital of €25,000 and renamed TL Trading GmbH on 24 September 2024, with an address at Wülfeler Strasse 63, Hannover, from 16 September 2024. Max Hartmut Alexander Rhotert was its managing director from 7 December 2020 to 14 April 2023 and again from September 2024, and Jürg Bavaud from 14 April 2023 to 16 September 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-liquid-group","record":{"id":"c-jp-liquid-group","kind":"fact","text":"Seth Melamed's opposition to the debtors' claim objection describes Liquid Group, Inc. as a holding company that owned two cryptocurrency exchange operators, Quoine Corporation in Japan and Quoine Pte. Ltd. in Singapore, and states that on the completion date of FTX's purchase of Liquid, Liquid became FTX Japan Holdings, Quoine became FTX Japan and Quoine Singapore became FTX Singapore. A notice by ULS Group of 14 November 2022 likewise identifies FTX Japan K.K. (corporate number 7010401115356) as the former QUOINE K.K., and the Singapore International Commercial Court found that FTX Japan Holdings K.K. was a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd and the sole shareholder of Quoine Pte Ltd.","source_ids":["src-089","src-035","src-058"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan","quoine-pte","ftx-trading","seth-melamed","uls-group"],"qualification":"Seth Melamed's opposition (Doc 23170, filed 16 August 2024) is a creditor's filing contesting the debtors' objection to his claims; it summarises his own declaration and its exhibits. In it, \"FTX\" means FTX Trading Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Seth Melamed's opposition to the debtors' claim objection describes Liquid Group, Inc. as a holding company that owned two cryptocurrency exchange operators, Quoine Corporation in Japan and Quoine Pte. Ltd. in Singapore, and states that on the completion date of FTX's purchase of Liquid, Liquid became FTX Japan Holdings, Quoine became FTX Japan and Quoine Singapore became FTX Singapore. A notice by ULS Group of 14 November 2022 likewise identifies FTX Japan K.K. (corporate number 7010401115356) as the former QUOINE K.K., and the Singapore International Commercial Court found that FTX Japan Holdings K.K. was a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd and the sole shareholder of Quoine Pte Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-liquid-acquisition","record":{"id":"c-jp-liquid-acquisition","kind":"fact","text":"According to Melamed's filing, after a breach of some of Quoine's hot wallets in August 2021 that was attributed to North Korean state actors, Liquid borrowed $120,000,000 from FTX Trading Ltd under a loan agreement executed on 30 August 2021, and a non-binding term sheet for FTX's acquisition of Liquid Group was executed on 2 September 2021. Melamed signed the share purchase agreement for his Liquid Group shares, options and warrants on 19 November 2021; closing conditions were completed on 4 April 2022, when his shares and options were transferred to FTX, which agreed to pay him $44,516,390.24: 1,019,070 FTX common shares valued at $26,709,834.14, $8,903,278.05 in cash and $8,903,278.05 worth of cryptocurrency (the \"Retained Consideration\"). The filing states that before completion Melamed asked FTX several times to hold the Retained Consideration in segregated wallets.","source_ids":["src-035"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","seth-melamed","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan"],"qualification":"Seth Melamed's opposition (Doc 23170, filed 16 August 2024) is a creditor's filing contesting the debtors' objection to his claims; it summarises his own declaration and its exhibits. In it, \"FTX\" means FTX Trading Ltd. The filing does not state the total price FTX paid for Liquid Group or which FTX entity held the acquired shares after completion.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to Melamed's filing, after a breach of some of Quoine's hot wallets in August 2021 that was attributed to North Korean state actors, Liquid borrowed $120,000,000 from FTX Trading Ltd under a loan agreement executed on 30 August 2021, and a non-binding term sheet for FTX's acquisition of Liquid Group was executed on 2 September 2021. Melamed signed the share purchase agreement for his Liquid Group shares, options and warrants on 19 November 2021; closing conditions were completed on 4 April 2022, when his shares and options were transferred to FTX, which agreed to pay him $44,516,390.24: 1,019,070 FTX common shares valued at $26,709,834.14, $8,903,278.05 in cash and $8,903,278.05 worth of cryptocurrency (the \"Retained Consideration\"). The filing states that before completion Melamed asked FTX several times to hold the Retained Consideration in segregated wallets."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-liquid-claims-value","record":{"id":"c-jp-liquid-claims-value","kind":"attributed","text":"Melamed's filing presents Quoine as a valuable licensed business: it states that Quoine was granted a Type 1 licence on 31 October 2021, which required asset segregation and a daily reconciliation of assets under custody with customer obligations; that fewer than six crypto-related businesses in Japan held such a licence; that Liquid's monthly revenue from Quoine (Japan) and Quoine Singapore averaged $2,400,000 in 2021; and that Liquid had net assets of over $40 million by June 2021. The filing states that Melamed joined Quoine Corporation as head of operations in Tokyo in September 2017 and became chief operating officer of Liquid in November 2019.","source_ids":["src-035"],"entity_ids":["seth-melamed","ftx-japan","quoine-pte"],"qualification":"Seth Melamed's opposition (Doc 23170, filed 16 August 2024) is a creditor's filing contesting the debtors' objection to his claims; it summarises his own declaration and its exhibits. In it, \"FTX\" means FTX Trading Ltd. The licence, revenue and net-asset figures are Melamed's account and are not independently confirmed in the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: Melamed's filing presents Quoine as a valuable licensed business: it states that Quoine was granted a Type 1 licence on 31 October 2021, which required asset segregation and a daily reconciliation of assets under custody with customer obligations; that fewer than six crypto-related businesses in Japan held such a licence; that Liquid's monthly revenue from Quoine (Japan) and Quoine Singapore averaged $2,400,000 in 2021; and that Liquid had net assets of over $40 million by June 2021. The filing states that Melamed joined Quoine Corporation as head of operations in Tokyo in September 2017 and became chief operating officer of Liquid in November 2019."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-uls","record":{"id":"c-jp-uls","kind":"fact","text":"ULS Group Inc. (TSE Standard 3798) announced on 14 November 2022 that it had had a business and capital alliance with QUOINE K.K. (now FTX Japan K.K.) since 2016, that it dissolved the capital relationship on 19 April 2022, and that it no longer had any personnel, capital or business relationship with FTX Japan or its group.","source_ids":["src-058"],"entity_ids":["uls-group","ftx-japan"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: ULS Group Inc. (TSE Standard 3798) announced on 14 November 2022 that it had had a business and capital alliance with QUOINE K.K. (now FTX Japan K.K.) since 2016, that it dissolved the capital relationship on 19 April 2022, and that it no longer had any personnel, capital or business relationship with FTX Japan or its group."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-fsa-2022","record":{"id":"c-jp-fsa-2022","kind":"fact","text":"On 10 November 2022 Japan's Financial Services Agency announced that the Director-General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau had issued to FTX Japan K.K. (head office Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; corporate number 7010401115356; a registered crypto-asset exchange service provider and Type I financial instruments business operator) business suspension and business improvement orders under Articles 63-17(1) and 63-16 of the Payment Services Act, and a domestic asset-holding order, business suspension order and business improvement order under Articles 56-3, 52(1) and 51 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act.","source_ids":["src-058","src-078"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan","kanto-lfb"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-japan"]},"reading":"Fact: On 10 November 2022 Japan's Financial Services Agency announced that the Director-General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau had issued to FTX Japan K.K. (head office Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; corporate number 7010401115356; a registered crypto-asset exchange service provider and Type I financial instruments business operator) business suspension and business improvement orders under Articles 63-17(1) and 63-16 of the Payment Services Act, and a domestic asset-holding order, business suspension order and business improvement order under Articles 56-3, 52(1) and 51 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-fsa-2024","record":{"id":"c-jp-fsa-2024","kind":"fact","text":"On 8 March 2024 the Financial Services Agency announced that the Director-General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau had issued a further domestic asset-holding order to FTX Japan K.K. (described as a Type I financial instruments business operator) under Article 56-3 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act.","source_ids":["src-017","src-104"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan","kanto-lfb"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"FTX Japan Holdings sold FTX Japan K.K. to bitFlyer Holdings on 26 July 2024, and the company, renamed Custodiem, Inc., kept its crypto-asset exchange and Type I financial instruments registrations; the retained records do not show when the 2022 and 2024 orders were lifted.","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-japan"]},"reading":"Fact: On 8 March 2024 the Financial Services Agency announced that the Director-General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau had issued a further domestic asset-holding order to FTX Japan K.K. (described as a Type I financial instruments business operator) under Article 56-3 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-withdrawals","record":{"id":"c-jp-withdrawals","kind":"attributed","text":"Melamed's filing states that FTX Japan resumed withdrawals for its customers on 21 February 2023, about 102 days after the petition date, attributing this to the FTX Japan team's work and to the fact that FTX Japan never commingled its customer assets, and that by July 2024 about 13,000 FTX Japan customers had withdrawn funds (crypto and fiat) worth about $200,000,000.","source_ids":["src-035"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan","seth-melamed"],"qualification":"Seth Melamed's opposition (Doc 23170, filed 16 August 2024) is a creditor's filing contesting the debtors' objection to his claims; it summarises his own declaration and its exhibits. In it, \"FTX\" means FTX Trading Ltd. The resumption date and withdrawal totals are not confirmed by a debtors' or regulator's record retained in the case.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: Melamed's filing states that FTX Japan resumed withdrawals for its customers on 21 February 2023, about 102 days after the petition date, attributing this to the FTX Japan team's work and to the fact that FTX Japan never commingled its customer assets, and that by July 2024 about 13,000 FTX Japan customers had withdrawn funds (crypto and fiat) worth about $200,000,000."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-sale","record":{"id":"c-jp-sale","kind":"fact","text":"On 19 June 2024 FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and bitFlyer Holdings, Inc. (corporate number 1010401141275) signed a share transfer agreement for all shares of FTX Japan K.K. On 16 July 2024 the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale of the debtors' interests in FTX Japan K.K. free and clear of liens and claims, authorised FTX Japan Holdings K.K. to enter into and perform the purchase agreement, and dismissed FTX Japan K.K.'s Chapter 11 case effective on closing. The transfer of 100% of FTX Japan K.K.'s shares from FTX Japan Holdings to bitFlyer Holdings was completed on 26 July 2024.","source_ids":["src-035","src-100","src-118"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan","bitflyer-holdings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 19 June 2024 FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and bitFlyer Holdings, Inc. (corporate number 1010401141275) signed a share transfer agreement for all shares of FTX Japan K.K. On 16 July 2024 the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale of the debtors' interests in FTX Japan K.K. free and clear of liens and claims, authorised FTX Japan Holdings K.K. to enter into and perform the purchase agreement, and dismissed FTX Japan K.K.'s Chapter 11 case effective on closing. The transfer of 100% of FTX Japan K.K.'s shares from FTX Japan Holdings to bitFlyer Holdings was completed on 26 July 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-management-change","record":{"id":"c-jp-management-change","kind":"fact","text":"bitFlyer's announcement of 26 July 2024 lists Seth Melamed (representative director and chief operating officer), Kurt Knipp (director) and Atsushi Taira (audit and supervisory board member) as leaving their positions at FTX Japan as of that date, and names Koya Takahashi as representative director under the new management, with Yuzo Kano and three others as directors. The announcement gives Takahashi's career as joining Quoine Corp. (now FTX Japan K.K.) in June 2020 and serving as a director of FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and of FTX Japan K.K. from September 2022.","source_ids":["src-082"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan","ftx-japan-holdings","bitflyer-holdings","seth-melamed","kurt-knipp","koya-takahashi"],"qualification":"The extracted layout of the announcement does not show which of the departing officers retired and which were discharged.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: bitFlyer's announcement of 26 July 2024 lists Seth Melamed (representative director and chief operating officer), Kurt Knipp (director) and Atsushi Taira (audit and supervisory board member) as leaving their positions at FTX Japan as of that date, and names Koya Takahashi as representative director under the new management, with Yuzo Kano and three others as directors. The announcement gives Takahashi's career as joining Quoine Corp. (now FTX Japan K.K.) in June 2020 and serving as a director of FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and of FTX Japan K.K. from September 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-custodiem","record":{"id":"c-jp-custodiem","kind":"fact","text":"bitFlyer Holdings announced on 28 August 2024 that its subsidiary FTX Japan K.K. had changed its name to Custodiem, Inc. under the terms of the share transfer agreement. The company kept its crypto-asset exchange service provider registration (Director-General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau No. 00002) and its Type I financial instruments business registration (Kanto Local Finance Bureau No. 3297).","source_ids":["src-104"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan","bitflyer-holdings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: bitFlyer Holdings announced on 28 August 2024 that its subsidiary FTX Japan K.K. had changed its name to Custodiem, Inc. under the terms of the share transfer agreement. The company kept its crypto-asset exchange service provider registration (Director-General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau No. 00002) and its Type I financial instruments business registration (Kanto Local Finance Bureau No. 3297)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-holdings-id","record":{"id":"c-jp-holdings-id","kind":"fact","text":"Japan's gBizINFO corporate register lists FTX Japan Holdings K.K. under corporate number 5010001199009 with its head office at Alterre Akihabara 708, 1-8-4 Kanda-Sakumacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. A Japanese start-up database gives its date of establishment as 1 March 2019, notes its announcement in February 2022 of the M&A with FTX Trading, operator of FTX.COM, and lists Kariya Kayamori as representative director and Seth Melamed as chief operating officer.","source_ids":["src-016","src-045"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-trading","kariya-kayamori","seth-melamed"],"qualification":"The start-up database entry is undated and does not say when the officers it lists held office.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Japan's gBizINFO corporate register lists FTX Japan Holdings K.K. under corporate number 5010001199009 with its head office at Alterre Akihabara 708, 1-8-4 Kanda-Sakumacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. A Japanese start-up database gives its date of establishment as 1 March 2019, notes its announcement in February 2022 of the M&A with FTX Trading, operator of FTX.COM, and lists Kariya Kayamori as representative director and Seth Melamed as chief operating officer."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-melamed-roles","record":{"id":"c-jp-melamed-roles","kind":"fact","text":"Melamed's filing states that, as a condition of closing, he signed a management agreement (amended on 30 June 2022 and 19 October 2022) under which he became representative director and chief operating officer; that he was appointed a director of FTX Singapore (Quoine Pte Ltd) on 26 August 2022; that he remained representative director and COO of FTX Japan after the petition date until its sale to bitFlyer Holdings on 26 July 2024, when he resigned; and that on 30 July 2024 the FTX debtor terminated him without cause as representative director of FTX Japan Holdings. It states that FTX Japan Holdings is a party to the management agreement and the 100% shareholder of FTX Singapore.","source_ids":["src-035"],"entity_ids":["seth-melamed","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-holdings","quoine-pte","bitflyer-holdings"],"qualification":"Seth Melamed's opposition (Doc 23170, filed 16 August 2024) is a creditor's filing contesting the debtors' objection to his claims; it summarises his own declaration and its exhibits. In it, \"FTX\" means FTX Trading Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Melamed's filing states that, as a condition of closing, he signed a management agreement (amended on 30 June 2022 and 19 October 2022) under which he became representative director and chief operating officer; that he was appointed a director of FTX Singapore (Quoine Pte Ltd) on 26 August 2022; that he remained representative director and COO of FTX Japan after the petition date until its sale to bitFlyer Holdings on 26 July 2024, when he resigned; and that on 30 July 2024 the FTX debtor terminated him without cause as representative director of FTX Japan Holdings. It states that FTX Japan Holdings is a party to the management agreement and the 100% shareholder of FTX Singapore."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-melamed-claims","record":{"id":"c-jp-melamed-claims","kind":"fact","text":"Melamed filed six proofs of claim: Claim 3385 for $35,613,112.19 against FTX Trading for the sale of his Liquid shares to FTX; Claims 3353, 3956 and 4578 for $52,500 of service fees for September and October 2022 against FTX Singapore, FTX Japan and FTX Japan Holdings; and Claims 3244 and 4470 for a $200,000 bonus against FTX Japan Holdings and FTX Japan. On 10 July 2024 the debtors objected (D.I. 20051), seeking to disallow and expunge Claim 3385 or, alternatively, to reduce it and subordinate it as an equity claim under section 510(b) of the Bankruptcy Code, and to disallow the fee and bonus claims.","source_ids":["src-035"],"entity_ids":["seth-melamed","ftx-trading","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-holdings","quoine-pte"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Melamed filed six proofs of claim: Claim 3385 for $35,613,112.19 against FTX Trading for the sale of his Liquid shares to FTX; Claims 3353, 3956 and 4578 for $52,500 of service fees for September and October 2022 against FTX Singapore, FTX Japan and FTX Japan Holdings; and Claims 3244 and 4470 for a $200,000 bonus against FTX Japan Holdings and FTX Japan. On 10 July 2024 the debtors objected (D.I. 20051), seeking to disallow and expunge Claim 3385 or, alternatively, to reduce it and subordinate it as an equity claim under section 510(b) of the Bankruptcy Code, and to disallow the fee and bonus claims."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-melamed-allegations","record":{"id":"c-jp-melamed-allegations","kind":"attributed","text":"Melamed alleges that FTX made numerous misrepresentations to him in connection with the Liquid transaction, including false audited consolidated financial statements, false representations that customer assets were segregated, concealment of the extraordinary privileges given to Alameda Research, a false FTX Trading balance sheet as of 31 March 2021, and fraud in connection with FTX's Series B-1 financing round.","source_ids":["src-035","src-057","src-073"],"entity_ids":["seth-melamed","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"Seth Melamed's opposition (Doc 23170, filed 16 August 2024) is a creditor's filing contesting the debtors' objection to his claims; it summarises his own declaration and its exhibits. In it, \"FTX\" means FTX Trading Ltd. These are allegations in a contested claims dispute; the retained records do not show a ruling on them.","response":"The debtors' objection asks the court to disallow Claim 3385 or reduce it and subordinate it as an equity claim under section 510(b).","outcome":"No ruling on the claims is in the retained records: Melamed appealed to the District Court (Civil Action No. 24-1176-CFC), where a magistrate judge found on 27 November 2024 that the dispute could not be mediated, and in October 2026 he was still litigating a motion for reconsideration in the bankruptcy case.","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading"]},"reading":"Attributed: Melamed alleges that FTX made numerous misrepresentations to him in connection with the Liquid transaction, including false audited consolidated financial statements, false representations that customer assets were segregated, concealment of the extraordinary privileges given to Alameda Research, a false FTX Trading balance sheet as of 31 March 2021, and fraud in connection with FTX's Series B-1 financing round."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-melamed-appeal","record":{"id":"c-jp-melamed-appeal","kind":"fact","text":"Melamed appealed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against FTX Trading Ltd. (Civil Action No. 24-1176-CFC; Bankr. BAP No. 24-61). On 27 November 2024 a magistrate judge found, with the parties' agreement, that the dispute could not be resolved through mediation and recommended a briefing schedule running from January to March 2025. The claims agent's case docket later lists an adversary proceeding, Melamed v. FTX Recovery Trust (No. 26-50377), and on 19 October 2026 a response by Melamed in connection with a motion for reconsideration, together with his notice of a demonstrative exhibit for a hearing on 20 October 2026.","source_ids":["src-057","src-073"],"entity_ids":["seth-melamed","ftx-trading","ftx-recovery-trust"],"qualification":"The retained records do not show which bankruptcy court order Melamed appealed, the result of the appeal, or the outcome of the adversary proceeding and the reconsideration motion.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Melamed appealed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against FTX Trading Ltd. (Civil Action No. 24-1176-CFC; Bankr. BAP No. 24-61). On 27 November 2024 a magistrate judge found, with the parties' agreement, that the dispute could not be resolved through mediation and recommended a briefing schedule running from January to March 2025. The claims agent's case docket later lists an adversary proceeding, Melamed v. FTX Recovery Trust (No. 26-50377), and on 19 October 2026 a response by Melamed in connection with a motion for reconsideration, together with his notice of a demonstrative exhibit for a hearing on 20 October 2026."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-kayamori","record":{"id":"c-jp-kayamori","kind":"fact","text":"Kariya Kayamori filed Claim 3974 against FTX and Claim 4158 against FTX Japan on 29 June 2023. The debtors objected on 10 July 2024 (D.I. 20046); Kayamori responded on 19 August 2024 and moved to file his response and supporting declarations under seal (Doc 23580, filed 22 August 2024), describing the sealed material as including the share purchase agreement for Liquid Group Inc., his separation agreement with the debtors, the debtors' consolidated financial statements and auditor reports, and correspondence on the terms of his separation. FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists a $6,000,000 cash payment to Kayamori on 4 April 2022, describing his relationship to the debtor as director/officer.","source_ids":["src-096","src-011"],"entity_ids":["kariya-kayamori","ftx-trading","ftx-japan"],"qualification":"The motion does not define \"FTX\" in the retained text, and the retained records do not show how the claims were resolved.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Kariya Kayamori filed Claim 3974 against FTX and Claim 4158 against FTX Japan on 29 June 2023. The debtors objected on 10 July 2024 (D.I. 20046); Kayamori responded on 19 August 2024 and moved to file his response and supporting declarations under seal (Doc 23580, filed 22 August 2024), describing the sealed material as including the share purchase agreement for Liquid Group Inc., his separation agreement with the debtors, the debtors' consolidated financial statements and auditor reports, and correspondence on the terms of his separation. FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists a $6,000,000 cash payment to Kayamori on 4 April 2022, describing his relationship to the debtor as director/officer."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-quoine-pte","record":{"id":"c-jp-quoine-pte","kind":"fact","text":"Quoine Pte Ltd, a private company limited by shares incorporated in Singapore on 15 May 2014 and an affiliate of FTX Trading Ltd, filed its own Chapter 11 case on 11 November 2022 (Case No. 22-11161-JTD). On 13 November 2024 its board appointed Kurt Knipp and Philippe Taverne as its foreign representatives, and on 12 February 2025 the Singapore International Commercial Court (Peck IJ; grounds issued 26 February 2025, [2025] SGHC(I) 5) recognised the Quoine Chapter 11 case as a foreign main proceeding, finding that post-petition events had shifted Quoine's centre of main interests from Singapore to the United States. The court granted relief tied to the debtors' plan (filed 30 September 2024, confirmed 8 October 2024, effective 3 January 2025) but declined to recognise nine of the US orders listed in the application.","source_ids":["src-089"],"entity_ids":["quoine-pte","ftx-trading","kurt-knipp","philippe-taverne","ftx-japan-holdings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Quoine Pte Ltd, a private company limited by shares incorporated in Singapore on 15 May 2014 and an affiliate of FTX Trading Ltd, filed its own Chapter 11 case on 11 November 2022 (Case No. 22-11161-JTD). On 13 November 2024 its board appointed Kurt Knipp and Philippe Taverne as its foreign representatives, and on 12 February 2025 the Singapore International Commercial Court (Peck IJ; grounds issued 26 February 2025, [2025] SGHC(I) 5) recognised the Quoine Chapter 11 case as a foreign main proceeding, finding that post-petition events had shifted Quoine's centre of main interests from Singapore to the United States. The court granted relief tied to the debtors' plan (filed 30 September 2024, confirmed 8 October 2024, effective 3 January 2025) but declined to recognise nine of the US orders listed in the application."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-quoine-wind-down","record":{"id":"c-jp-quoine-wind-down","kind":"fact","text":"The Singapore court recorded, from an affidavit of David Johnston, that Quoine no longer operated a business in Singapore and the Liquid.com exchange had ceased doing business, that all cash had been transferred to US bank accounts with signatories changed to new US-based management, and that the digital assets formerly held by the Liquid.com exchange had been moved to the custody of BitGo Trust Company, Inc. in the United States.","source_ids":["src-089","src-073"],"entity_ids":["quoine-pte"],"qualification":"The claims agent's case website lists a section of Quoine Singapore liquidation documents; the documents themselves are not among the retained records.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The Singapore court recorded, from an affidavit of David Johnston, that Quoine no longer operated a business in Singapore and the Liquid.com exchange had ceased doing business, that all cash had been transferred to US bank accounts with signatories changed to new US-based management, and that the digital assets formerly held by the Liquid.com exchange had been moved to the custody of BitGo Trust Company, Inc. in the United States."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-jp-quoine-india","record":{"id":"c-jp-quoine-india","kind":"fact","text":"Indian company-data sites that reproduce Ministry of Corporate Affairs records list Kurt Steven Knipp as a director of Quoine India Private Limited (CIN U72900HR2017FTC071644) appointed on 30 September 2024, and Kariya Kayamori among the company's past directors. Quoine India Pte Ltd is one of the Chapter 11 debtors (Case No. 22-11091).","source_ids":["src-091","src-095","src-073"],"entity_ids":["quoine-india","kurt-knipp","kariya-kayamori"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Indian company-data sites that reproduce Ministry of Corporate Affairs records list Kurt Steven Knipp as a director of Quoine India Private Limited (CIN U72900HR2017FTC071644) appointed on 30 September 2024, and Kariya Kayamori among the company's past directors. Quoine India Pte Ltd is one of the Chapter 11 debtors (Case No. 22-11091)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-form-d-persons","record":{"id":"c-gov-form-d-persons","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s Form D of November 2021 names three related persons: Samuel Bankman-Fried as executive officer and director, and Jonathan Cheesman and Arthur Thomas as directors.","source_ids":["src-002"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","jonathan-cheesman","arthur-thomas"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s Form D of November 2021 names three related persons: Samuel Bankman-Fried as executive officer and director, and Jonathan Cheesman and Arthur Thomas as directors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-sofa-officers","record":{"id":"c-gov-sofa-officers","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists the people in control of the company when the case was filed as directors Arthur Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited (Lower Factory Road, P.O. Box 990, Antigua and Barbuda), Nishad Singh and Samuel Bankman-Fried, general counsel Can Sun, and Paper Bird Inc. as controlling shareholder with 75.00%. Among those who left their positions in the year before filing, it lists Daniel Friedberg, chief regulatory officer until 9 November 2022, and Jonathan Cheesman, director until 2 June 2022.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","arthur-thomas","corporate-trust-services","nishad-singh","sbf","can-sun","paper-bird","daniel-friedberg","jonathan-cheesman"],"qualification":"Doc 2001 (filed 31 July 2023) un-redacts the debtors' schedules and statements of financial affairs; the debtors state that their responses may not include all transfers of cryptocurrency or other digital assets.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists the people in control of the company when the case was filed as directors Arthur Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited (Lower Factory Road, P.O. Box 990, Antigua and Barbuda), Nishad Singh and Samuel Bankman-Fried, general counsel Can Sun, and Paper Bird Inc. as controlling shareholder with 75.00%. Among those who left their positions in the year before filing, it lists Daniel Friedberg, chief regulatory officer until 9 November 2022, and Jonathan Cheesman, director until 2 June 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-register","record":{"id":"c-gov-register","kind":"attributed","text":"In opposing motions to dismiss FTX Trading Ltd.'s Chapter 11 case, the debtors stated that the motion was wrong to say FTX Trading had four directors at the petition date (Arthur Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited, Nishad Singh and Bankman-Fried): according to FTX Trading's Register of Directors, Bankman-Fried and Singh were the two directors on the register at filing, with Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited, Ms. Chan, Mr. Law and Mr. Cheesman shown as former directors. The debtors stated that at 11:42 a.m. ET on 10 November 2022 Singh emailed Bankman-Fried resigning as director of FTX Trading Ltd and from any officer role, so that Bankman-Fried was the sole director when he signed the Omnibus Corporate Authority and authorised the filing of FTX Trading's petition.","source_ids":["src-009","src-067","src-079"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","nishad-singh","arthur-thomas","corporate-trust-services","jonathan-cheesman","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum"],"qualification":"The debtors' omnibus objection (Doc 4616, filed 11 December 2023) answered motions by Patrick Gruhn, Robin Matzke and Lorem Ipsum UG; the register itself is an exhibit not among the retained records, and it differs from the statement of financial affairs, which lists Thomas and Corporate & Trust Services Limited among the directors at filing.","response":"The movants had argued that FTX Trading had four directors when the petition was filed.","outcome":"The motions to dismiss were withdrawn with prejudice under the February 2024 settlement approved on 18 March 2024, without a ruling on the directorship question."},"reading":"Attributed: In opposing motions to dismiss FTX Trading Ltd.'s Chapter 11 case, the debtors stated that the motion was wrong to say FTX Trading had four directors at the petition date (Arthur Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited, Nishad Singh and Bankman-Fried): according to FTX Trading's Register of Directors, Bankman-Fried and Singh were the two directors on the register at filing, with Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited, Ms. Chan, Mr. Law and Mr. Cheesman shown as former directors. The debtors stated that at 11:42 a.m. ET on 10 November 2022 Singh emailed Bankman-Fried resigning as director of FTX Trading Ltd and from any officer role, so that Bankman-Fried was the sole director when he signed the Omnibus Corporate Authority and authorised the filing of FTX Trading's petition."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-omnibus","record":{"id":"c-gov-omnibus","kind":"fact","text":"By an Omnibus Corporate Authority dated 10 November 2022, Samuel Bankman-Fried, as controlling owner, director, officer or other authorised person of West Realm Shires Inc., Paper Bird Inc., Hilltop Technology Services LLC, Cedar Grove Technology Services, Ltd., FTX Trading Ltd, Alameda Research LLC and Clifton Bay Investments LLC and all their subsidiaries, authorised the appointment of John J. Ray III as chief executive officer with plenary authority, including over a voluntary filing under Title 11; the appointment, if he was willing, of Stephen Neal as chairman together with one to three new directors chosen by the CEO and unaffiliated with Bankman-Fried or the CEO for each of FTX Trading Ltd., Alameda Research Ltd. and West Realm Shires Inc.; and the appointment by the CEO of unaffiliated directors of other group members. Ray's first-day declaration states that at about 4:30 a.m. EST on 11 November 2022, after further consultation with counsel, Bankman-Fried agreed to resign, resulting in Ray's appointment as the debtors' CEO with all corporate powers, including the power to appoint independent directors and to commence the Chapter 11 cases.","source_ids":["src-001","src-005"],"entity_ids":["sbf","john-ray","ftx-trading","wrs","paper-bird","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","clifton-bay"],"qualification":"The record does not show that Stephen Neal took up the proposed chairmanship.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: By an Omnibus Corporate Authority dated 10 November 2022, Samuel Bankman-Fried, as controlling owner, director, officer or other authorised person of West Realm Shires Inc., Paper Bird Inc., Hilltop Technology Services LLC, Cedar Grove Technology Services, Ltd., FTX Trading Ltd, Alameda Research LLC and Clifton Bay Investments LLC and all their subsidiaries, authorised the appointment of John J. Ray III as chief executive officer with plenary authority, including over a voluntary filing under Title 11; the appointment, if he was willing, of Stephen Neal as chairman together with one to three new directors chosen by the CEO and unaffiliated with Bankman-Fried or the CEO for each of FTX Trading Ltd., Alameda Research Ltd. and West Realm Shires Inc.; and the appointment by the CEO of unaffiliated directors of other group members. Ray's first-day declaration states that at about 4:30 a.m. EST on 11 November 2022, after further consultation with counsel, Bankman-Fried agreed to resign, resulting in Ray's appointment as the debtors' CEO with all corporate powers, including the power to appoint independent directors and to commence the Chapter 11 cases."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-ratification","record":{"id":"c-gov-ratification","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' filing records that on 21 November 2022 Paper Bird Inc., as controlling owner of FTX Trading, executed an action by written consent of the shareholder ratifying the new arrangements; that on 14 December 2022 FTX Trading issued a notice of the written consent, executed by Ray as chief executive, to all of its shareholders; and that on 22 December 2022 Matthew A. Doheny and Joseph J. Farnan Jr., as directors of FTX Trading, executed an action by written consent of the board of directors ratifying, among other things, Ray's appointment as CEO and the filing of the petitions. Ray's first-day declaration names Judge Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny as the independent directors for the Dotcom Silo.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009"],"entity_ids":["paper-bird","ftx-trading","john-ray","matt-doheny","joseph-farnan"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' filing records that on 21 November 2022 Paper Bird Inc., as controlling owner of FTX Trading, executed an action by written consent of the shareholder ratifying the new arrangements; that on 14 December 2022 FTX Trading issued a notice of the written consent, executed by Ray as chief executive, to all of its shareholders; and that on 22 December 2022 Matthew A. Doheny and Joseph J. Farnan Jr., as directors of FTX Trading, executed an action by written consent of the board of directors ratifying, among other things, Ray's appointment as CEO and the filing of the petitions. Ray's first-day declaration names Judge Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny as the independent directors for the Dotcom Silo."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-ventures-directors","record":{"id":"c-gov-ventures-directors","kind":"fact","text":"In his supplemental first-day declaration (Doc 92, filed 21 November 2022) Ray stated that four debtors had not initially been allocated to a silo (Paper Bird Inc, Hilltop Technology Services LLC, Cedar Grove Technology Services, Ltd and Deck Technologies Holdings LLC), that he had placed Paper Bird, Hilltop and Cedar Grove in the Ventures Silo for organisational purposes, and that, under the Omnibus Corporate Authority, he had appointed Rishi Jain as sole director of each of these three debtors.","source_ids":["src-020"],"entity_ids":["john-ray","paper-bird","rishi-jain"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In his supplemental first-day declaration (Doc 92, filed 21 November 2022) Ray stated that four debtors had not initially been allocated to a silo (Paper Bird Inc, Hilltop Technology Services LLC, Cedar Grove Technology Services, Ltd and Deck Technologies Holdings LLC), that he had placed Paper Bird, Hilltop and Cedar Grove in the Ventures Silo for organisational purposes, and that, under the Omnibus Corporate Authority, he had appointed Rishi Jain as sole director of each of these three debtors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-control","record":{"id":"c-gov-control","kind":"fact","text":"The debtors' first interim report (Doc 1242-1, April 2023) states that management and governance of the FTX Group was largely limited to Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, with Bankman-Fried viewed as having the final voice in all significant decisions and Singh and Wang largely deferring to him, and that these three, with no experience in risk management or running a business, controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group, with isolated exceptions including FTX Japan, a debtor acquired in 2022. Ray's first-day declaration states that many group companies, especially those organised in Antigua and the Bahamas, did not have appropriate corporate governance and that many entities never had board meetings.","source_ids":["src-025","src-001"],"entity_ids":["sbf","nishad-singh","gary-wang","ftx-trading","ftx-japan"],"qualification":"These are findings of the debtors' management after the collapse, made in reports and declarations filed in the Chapter 11 cases.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The debtors' first interim report (Doc 1242-1, April 2023) states that management and governance of the FTX Group was largely limited to Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, with Bankman-Fried viewed as having the final voice in all significant decisions and Singh and Wang largely deferring to him, and that these three, with no experience in risk management or running a business, controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group, with isolated exceptions including FTX Japan, a debtor acquired in 2022. Ray's first-day declaration states that many group companies, especially those organised in Antigua and the Bahamas, did not have appropriate corporate governance and that many entities never had board meetings."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-arthur-thomas","record":{"id":"c-gov-arthur-thomas","kind":"fact","text":"Arthur G. B. Thomas, named as a director of FTX Trading Ltd. in its Form D and statement of financial affairs, was at the same time a member of the Eastern Caribbean Securities Regulatory Commission: a notice by the Commission thanks him for over 15 years of service, stating that he was appointed a commissioner in 2007, deputy chairman in 2010 and chairman in August 2020, serving until his resignation in November 2022. A news report published in Antigua describes him as a former chairman of Caribbean Union Bank and an Antiguan ambassador, and states that he was brought onto the FTX board in the summer of 2021 as a \"highly qualified independent director\".","source_ids":["src-010","src-024"],"entity_ids":["arthur-thomas","ftx-trading","ecsrc","caribbean-union-bank"],"qualification":"The news report's statement on when Thomas joined the board is not confirmed by a filing; the Commission's notice does not mention FTX.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Arthur G. B. Thomas, named as a director of FTX Trading Ltd. in its Form D and statement of financial affairs, was at the same time a member of the Eastern Caribbean Securities Regulatory Commission: a notice by the Commission thanks him for over 15 years of service, stating that he was appointed a commissioner in 2007, deputy chairman in 2010 and chairman in August 2020, serving until his resignation in November 2022. A news report published in Antigua describes him as a former chairman of Caribbean Union Bank and an Antiguan ambassador, and states that he was brought onto the FTX board in the summer of 2021 as a \"highly qualified independent director\"."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-board-report","record":{"id":"c-gov-board-report","kind":"attributed","text":"The same news report states that, apart from Bankman-Fried, Jonathan Cheesman (described as an FTX executive until September) and Arthur Thomas, there was no true board of directors within the exchange, allowing almost no visibility into the company's operations.","source_ids":["src-010"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","jonathan-cheesman","arthur-thomas"],"qualification":"This is a press characterisation; it is consistent with the debtors' later statement that many group entities never held board meetings, but the retained records contain no response from Thomas or Cheesman.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: The same news report states that, apart from Bankman-Fried, Jonathan Cheesman (described as an FTX executive until September) and Arthur Thomas, there was no true board of directors within the exchange, allowing almost no visibility into the company's operations."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-insider-payments","record":{"id":"c-gov-insider-payments","kind":"fact","text":"In answer to the question on payments or transfers benefiting insiders in the year before filing, FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists: 23 cash payments to its corporate director Corporate & Trust Services Limited between 15 November 2021 and 3 November 2022, mostly of $20,833.33 each and $602,094.29 in total; $772,100 to director Jonathan Cheesman on 12 January 2022; $1,000,000 and $500,000 to Caroline Ellison (director/officer) in January 2022; five payments to Patrick Gruhn (officer) between 23 November 2021 and 9 September 2022 totalling $83,750,009.38; $6,000,000 to Kariya Kayamori on 4 April 2022; $1,500,000 to Ryan Salame on 27 December 2021; $3,000,000 to Nishad Singh on 28 December 2021; and, on 15 November 2021, the issuance to Singh of 44,000,000 FTX Trading Ltd. shares under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, valued at $477,840,000, with the exercise price not paid. Two other individuals listed as directors received $844,662 and $49,989.36.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","corporate-trust-services","jonathan-cheesman","caroline-ellison","patrick-gruhn","kariya-kayamori","ryan-salame","nishad-singh"],"qualification":"Doc 2001 (filed 31 July 2023) un-redacts the debtors' schedules and statements of financial affairs; the debtors state that their responses may not include all transfers of cryptocurrency or other digital assets. The totals for Corporate & Trust Services Limited and Gruhn are sums of the listed rows.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In answer to the question on payments or transfers benefiting insiders in the year before filing, FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists: 23 cash payments to its corporate director Corporate & Trust Services Limited between 15 November 2021 and 3 November 2022, mostly of $20,833.33 each and $602,094.29 in total; $772,100 to director Jonathan Cheesman on 12 January 2022; $1,000,000 and $500,000 to Caroline Ellison (director/officer) in January 2022; five payments to Patrick Gruhn (officer) between 23 November 2021 and 9 September 2022 totalling $83,750,009.38; $6,000,000 to Kariya Kayamori on 4 April 2022; $1,500,000 to Ryan Salame on 27 December 2021; $3,000,000 to Nishad Singh on 28 December 2021; and, on 15 November 2021, the issuance to Singh of 44,000,000 FTX Trading Ltd. shares under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, valued at $477,840,000, with the exercise price not paid. Two other individuals listed as directors received $844,662 and $49,989.36."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-bookkeepers","record":{"id":"c-gov-bookkeepers","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists the accountant firm Robert Lee & Associates, LLP of San Jose, California, as having maintained its books and records from 11 November 2020, with its role described as \"transitioning\", alongside three individual bookkeepers, two of whom left on 10 November 2022.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","robert-lee-associates"],"qualification":"Doc 2001 (filed 31 July 2023) un-redacts the debtors' schedules and statements of financial affairs; the debtors state that their responses may not include all transfers of cryptocurrency or other digital assets.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists the accountant firm Robert Lee & Associates, LLP of San Jose, California, as having maintained its books and records from 11 November 2020, with its role described as \"transitioning\", alongside three individual bookkeepers, two of whom left on 10 November 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-recovery-trustees","record":{"id":"c-gov-recovery-trustees","kind":"fact","text":"A schedule filed with the SEC for FTX Recovery Trust lists its trustees, all at the trust's business address in League City, Texas, with their principal occupations: Matthew A. Doheny (President, North Country Capital LLC), Judge Joseph Farnan (ret.) (attorney, Farnan LLP), Peter Greaves (partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers), Rishi Jain (managing director, Accordion), John J. Ray III (restructuring executive), Matthew Rosenberg (partner, Lincoln Park Advisors), Brian C. Simms, KC (attorney, Lennox Paton), Mitchell Sonkin (chairman, ResCap Liquidating Trust) and Paul Copley (trustee).","source_ids":["src-021"],"entity_ids":["ftx-recovery-trust","matt-doheny","joseph-farnan","peter-greaves","rishi-jain","john-ray","matt-rosenberg","brian-simms","mitchell-sonkin","paul-copley"],"qualification":"The retained schedule is undated. Simms and Greaves were also among the liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A schedule filed with the SEC for FTX Recovery Trust lists its trustees, all at the trust's business address in League City, Texas, with their principal occupations: Matthew A. Doheny (President, North Country Capital LLC), Judge Joseph Farnan (ret.) (attorney, Farnan LLP), Peter Greaves (partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers), Rishi Jain (managing director, Accordion), John J. Ray III (restructuring executive), Matthew Rosenberg (partner, Lincoln Park Advisors), Brian C. Simms, KC (attorney, Lennox Paton), Mitchell Sonkin (chairman, ResCap Liquidating Trust) and Paul Copley (trustee)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-trustee-profiles","record":{"id":"c-gov-trustee-profiles","kind":"fact","text":"Professional profiles add context on several trustees: Brian Simms KC is senior partner of Lennox Paton, heads its litigation and insolvency and restructuring groups, and was appointed one of the joint official liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd.; Peter Greaves is a senior adviser in a Hong Kong restructuring and insolvency practice and a licensed UK insolvency practitioner; Joseph Farnan, a former judge, is often selected as an independent director or trustee of businesses including FTX.com; Matthew Rosenberg founded the financial advisory firm Lincoln Park Advisors in 2014; Rishi Jain is a managing director and co-head of Accordion's Western Region; and Mitchell Sonkin is chairman of the ResCap Liquidating Trust.","source_ids":["src-040","src-068","src-097","src-103","src-110","src-111"],"entity_ids":["brian-simms","peter-greaves","joseph-farnan","matt-rosenberg","rishi-jain","mitchell-sonkin","fdm","lennox-paton"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Professional profiles add context on several trustees: Brian Simms KC is senior partner of Lennox Paton, heads its litigation and insolvency and restructuring groups, and was appointed one of the joint official liquidators of FTX Digital Markets Ltd.; Peter Greaves is a senior adviser in a Hong Kong restructuring and insolvency practice and a licensed UK insolvency practitioner; Joseph Farnan, a former judge, is often selected as an independent director or trustee of businesses including FTX.com; Matthew Rosenberg founded the financial advisory firm Lincoln Park Advisors in 2014; Rishi Jain is a managing director and co-head of Accordion's Western Region; and Mitchell Sonkin is chairman of the ResCap Liquidating Trust."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-gov-gifts","record":{"id":"c-gov-gifts","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists three gifts or charitable contributions in the two years before filing: $500,000 to Give Foundation on 13 May 2021, $8,000,000 to New Venture Fund on 8 October 2021 and $60,000 to the Luxembourg committee for UNICEF on 2 December 2021.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"Doc 2001 (filed 31 July 2023) un-redacts the debtors' schedules and statements of financial affairs; the debtors state that their responses may not include all transfers of cryptocurrency or other digital assets.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists three gifts or charitable contributions in the two years before filing: $500,000 to Give Foundation on 13 May 2021, $8,000,000 to New Venture Fund on 8 October 2021 and $60,000 to the Luxembourg committee for UNICEF on 2 December 2021."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-filing","record":{"id":"c-ch11-filing","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliated debtors filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on 11 November 2022, and West Realm Shires Inc. on 14 November 2022, in what Ray's first-day declaration calls a severe liquidity crisis that required filing on an emergency basis. The debtors moved for joint administration under FTX Trading Ltd.'s case number, 22-11068; the court authorised joint administration on 22 November 2022, and on 15 December 2022 the U.S. Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors. The liquidators of FTX Digital Markets described the filings as covering FTX Trading and 133 affiliated entities. The case was administered by Judge John T. Dorsey (JTD) and later carries the initials of Chief Judge Karen B. Owens (KBO).","source_ids":["src-005","src-008","src-009","src-001","src-093","src-105","src-089"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs","john-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"The debtors' plan was confirmed in October 2024 and became effective on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust was established; in June 2025 the trust moved for a final decree closing the cases.","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs"]},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliated debtors filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on 11 November 2022, and West Realm Shires Inc. on 14 November 2022, in what Ray's first-day declaration calls a severe liquidity crisis that required filing on an emergency basis. The debtors moved for joint administration under FTX Trading Ltd.'s case number, 22-11068; the court authorised joint administration on 22 November 2022, and on 15 December 2022 the U.S. Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors. The liquidators of FTX Digital Markets described the filings as covering FTX Trading and 133 affiliated entities. The case was administered by Judge John T. Dorsey (JTD) and later carries the initials of Chief Judge Karen B. Owens (KBO)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-case-numbers-1","record":{"id":"c-ch11-case-numbers-1","kind":"fact","text":"The claims agent's case list gives the Chapter 11 case numbers of the debtors, all jointly administered under FTX Trading Ltd. (22-11068). Among them are Alameda Research LLC (22-11066), Alameda Research Ltd (22-11067), West Realm Shires Services Inc. (22-11071), FTX Japan Holdings K.K. (22-11074), FTX Europe AG (22-11075), FTX Property Holdings Ltd (22-11076), LT Baskets Ltd. (22-11077), Allston Way Ltd (22-11079), Analisya Pte Ltd (22-11080), Bancroft Way Ltd (22-11082), Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd (22-11086), Maclaurin Investments Ltd. (22-11087), Mangrove Cay Ltd (22-11088), Paper Bird Inc (22-11089), Quoine India Pte Ltd (22-11091), Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd (22-11092), SNG Investments Yatirim ve Danismanlik A.S. (22-11093), Technology Services Bahamas Limited (22-11095), West Innovative Barista Ltd. (22-11097), Western Concord Enterprises Ltd. (22-11098), FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd (22-11099), FTX Exchange FZE (22-11100), FTX Hong Kong Ltd (22-11101), FTX Japan K.K. (22-11102) and FTX Japan Services KK (22-11103).","source_ids":["src-073"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","wrss","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-europe","ftx-property","lt-baskets","allston-way","analisya","bancroft-way","liquid-securities-sg","maclaurin","mangrove-cay","paper-bird","quoine-india","quoine-vietnam","sng-investments","tsb","west-innovative-barista","western-concord","ftx-equity-record","ftx-exchange-fze","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-services"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The claims agent's case list gives the Chapter 11 case numbers of the debtors, all jointly administered under FTX Trading Ltd. (22-11068). Among them are Alameda Research LLC (22-11066), Alameda Research Ltd (22-11067), West Realm Shires Services Inc. (22-11071), FTX Japan Holdings K.K. (22-11074), FTX Europe AG (22-11075), FTX Property Holdings Ltd (22-11076), LT Baskets Ltd. (22-11077), Allston Way Ltd (22-11079), Analisya Pte Ltd (22-11080), Bancroft Way Ltd (22-11082), Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd (22-11086), Maclaurin Investments Ltd. (22-11087), Mangrove Cay Ltd (22-11088), Paper Bird Inc (22-11089), Quoine India Pte Ltd (22-11091), Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd (22-11092), SNG Investments Yatirim ve Danismanlik A.S. (22-11093), Technology Services Bahamas Limited (22-11095), West Innovative Barista Ltd. (22-11097), Western Concord Enterprises Ltd. (22-11098), FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd (22-11099), FTX Exchange FZE (22-11100), FTX Hong Kong Ltd (22-11101), FTX Japan K.K. (22-11102) and FTX Japan Services KK (22-11103)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-case-numbers-2","record":{"id":"c-ch11-case-numbers-2","kind":"fact","text":"The same list gives the case numbers of further FTX Trading Ltd. subsidiaries and other debtors: Blockfolio, Inc. (22-11110), Crypto Bahamas LLC (22-11113), Deep Creek Ltd (22-11114), FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd (22-11116), FTX Canada Inc (22-11117), FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd (22-11118), FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd (22-11119), FTX Services Solutions Ltd. (22-11120), FTX Structured Products AG (22-11122), FTX Trading GmbH (22-11123), FTX Zuma Ltd (22-11124), Global Compass Dynamics Ltd. (22-11125), Innovatia Ltd (22-11128), FTX EMEA Ltd. (22-11145), Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd (22-11150), North Dimension Ltd (22-11160), Quoine Pte Ltd (22-11161), DAAG Trading, DMCC (22-11163), FTX Certificates GmbH (22-11164), FTX Crypto Services Ltd. (22-11165), FTX EU Ltd. (22-11166), FTX Switzerland GmbH (22-11169), GG Trading Terminal Ltd (22-11173) and West Realm Shires Inc. (22-11183).","source_ids":["src-073"],"entity_ids":["blockfolio","crypto-bahamas","deep-creek","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-canada","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","ftx-products-sg","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-structured-products","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-zuma","global-compass","innovatia","ftx-emea","hive-empire","quoine-pte","daag-trading","ftx-certificates","ftx-crypto-services","ftx-eu","ftx-switzerland","gg-trading","wrs"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The same list gives the case numbers of further FTX Trading Ltd. subsidiaries and other debtors: Blockfolio, Inc. (22-11110), Crypto Bahamas LLC (22-11113), Deep Creek Ltd (22-11114), FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd (22-11116), FTX Canada Inc (22-11117), FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd (22-11118), FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd (22-11119), FTX Services Solutions Ltd. (22-11120), FTX Structured Products AG (22-11122), FTX Trading GmbH (22-11123), FTX Zuma Ltd (22-11124), Global Compass Dynamics Ltd. (22-11125), Innovatia Ltd (22-11128), FTX EMEA Ltd. (22-11145), Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd (22-11150), North Dimension Ltd (22-11160), Quoine Pte Ltd (22-11161), DAAG Trading, DMCC (22-11163), FTX Certificates GmbH (22-11164), FTX Crypto Services Ltd. (22-11165), FTX EU Ltd. (22-11166), FTX Switzerland GmbH (22-11169), GG Trading Terminal Ltd (22-11173) and West Realm Shires Inc. (22-11183)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-dismissals","record":{"id":"c-ch11-dismissals","kind":"fact","text":"According to the debtors' disclosure statement, the Bankruptcy Court dismissed, at their request, the cases of SNG Investments Yatirim ve Danismanlik A.S. (22-11093) and FTX Turkey Teknoloji ve Ticaret A.S. (22-11170) on 13 February 2023; FTX Exchange FZE (22-11100) on 18 August 2023; Liquid Financial USA, Inc., LiquidEX, LLC, Zubr Exchange Limited and DAAG Trading, DMCC on 13 November 2023; FTX Crypto Services Ltd.; FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd., Analisya Pte Ltd., Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd., Innovatia Ltd., FTX Japan Services K.K. and Quoine India Pte Ltd., together with two Alameda subsidiaries, on 19 April 2024; and FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH and FTX Structured Products AG with effect from 10 May 2024. The statement leaves the date for the dismissal of FTX Trading GmbH and FTX EU Ltd. blank.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["sng-investments","ftx-turkey","ftx-exchange-fze","liquid-financial-usa","liquidex","zubr","daag-trading","ftx-crypto-services","ftx-products-sg","liquid-securities-sg","analisya","quoine-vietnam","innovatia","ftx-japan-services","quoine-india","ftx-switzerland","ftx-certificates","ftx-structured-products","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-eu"],"qualification":"The disclosure statement (Doc 15521, filed 22 May 2024) is the debtors' own account, approved for solicitation of the plan.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: According to the debtors' disclosure statement, the Bankruptcy Court dismissed, at their request, the cases of SNG Investments Yatirim ve Danismanlik A.S. (22-11093) and FTX Turkey Teknoloji ve Ticaret A.S. (22-11170) on 13 February 2023; FTX Exchange FZE (22-11100) on 18 August 2023; Liquid Financial USA, Inc., LiquidEX, LLC, Zubr Exchange Limited and DAAG Trading, DMCC on 13 November 2023; FTX Crypto Services Ltd.; FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd., Analisya Pte Ltd., Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd., Innovatia Ltd., FTX Japan Services K.K. and Quoine India Pte Ltd., together with two Alameda subsidiaries, on 19 April 2024; and FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH and FTX Structured Products AG with effect from 10 May 2024. The statement leaves the date for the dismissal of FTX Trading GmbH and FTX EU Ltd. blank."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-final-decree","record":{"id":"c-ch11-final-decree","kind":"fact","text":"The plan became effective on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust (also called the Consolidated Wind Down Trust) was established. On 4 June 2025 the trust and the separate subsidiaries moved for a final decree closing the Chapter 11 cases of the consolidated debtors and of the separate subsidiaries. The proposed decree filed on 20 June 2025 lists the consolidated debtors (including Paper Bird Inc., Maclaurin Investments Ltd., FTX Europe AG, FTX EMEA Ltd., FTX Property Holdings Ltd, Quoine Pte Ltd, North Dimension Ltd, Island Bay Ventures Inc., FTX Ventures Ltd and the West Realm Shires and Alameda companies) and, as separate subsidiaries, FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and the Ledger Holdings and LedgerPrime successors. It keeps the lead case, FTX Trading Ltd.'s, open pending a further order.","source_ids":["src-093"],"entity_ids":["ftx-recovery-trust","ftx-trading","paper-bird","maclaurin","ftx-europe","ftx-emea","ftx-property","quoine-pte","island-bay","ftx-ventures","ftx-japan-holdings"],"qualification":"The retained document is a proposed order; the record does not show the date on which the decree was entered.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The plan became effective on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust (also called the Consolidated Wind Down Trust) was established. On 4 June 2025 the trust and the separate subsidiaries moved for a final decree closing the Chapter 11 cases of the consolidated debtors and of the separate subsidiaries. The proposed decree filed on 20 June 2025 lists the consolidated debtors (including Paper Bird Inc., Maclaurin Investments Ltd., FTX Europe AG, FTX EMEA Ltd., FTX Property Holdings Ltd, Quoine Pte Ltd, North Dimension Ltd, Island Bay Ventures Inc., FTX Ventures Ltd and the West Realm Shires and Alameda companies) and, as separate subsidiaries, FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and the Ledger Holdings and LedgerPrime successors. It keeps the lead case, FTX Trading Ltd.'s, open pending a further order."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-foreign-proceedings","record":{"id":"c-ch11-foreign-proceedings","kind":"fact","text":"Ray's first-day declaration states that, apart from the proceedings in the Bahamas and Australia, no other debtor or non-debtor subsidiary was then subject to insolvency proceedings. In the first hours of 11 November 2022 the directors of the non-debtors FTX Australia Pty Ltd (ACN 129 217 812) and FTX Express Pty Ltd (ACN 657 907 894) appointed Scott Langdon, John Mouawad and Rahul Goyal of KordaMentha as voluntary administrators; the first creditors' meeting was held on 1 December 2022, and a notice published by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission convened the second meeting of creditors for 14 March 2024. In the Bahamas, Kurt Knipp petitioned on 8 February 2023 to be recognised as foreign representative of West Realm Shires Inc., West Realm Shires Services Inc., Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Ltd., Maclaurin Investments Ltd., Clifton Bay Investments LLC and FTX Trading Ltd., and the Bahamas court granted a declaratory order on 23 February 2023.","source_ids":["src-001","src-011","src-051"],"entity_ids":["ftx-australia","ftx-express","scott-langdon","john-mouawad","kordamentha","kurt-knipp","ftx-trading","wrs","wrss","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","maclaurin","clifton-bay","john-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-australia","ftx-express"]},"reading":"Fact: Ray's first-day declaration states that, apart from the proceedings in the Bahamas and Australia, no other debtor or non-debtor subsidiary was then subject to insolvency proceedings. In the first hours of 11 November 2022 the directors of the non-debtors FTX Australia Pty Ltd (ACN 129 217 812) and FTX Express Pty Ltd (ACN 657 907 894) appointed Scott Langdon, John Mouawad and Rahul Goyal of KordaMentha as voluntary administrators; the first creditors' meeting was held on 1 December 2022, and a notice published by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission convened the second meeting of creditors for 14 March 2024. In the Bahamas, Kurt Knipp petitioned on 8 February 2023 to be recognised as foreign representative of West Realm Shires Inc., West Realm Shires Services Inc., Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Ltd., Maclaurin Investments Ltd., Clifton Bay Investments LLC and FTX Trading Ltd., and the Bahamas court granted a declaratory order on 23 February 2023."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-estimation","record":{"id":"c-ch11-estimation","kind":"fact","text":"In an opinion and order of 26 June 2024 the Bankruptcy Court estimated the value of customer claims denominated in the MAPS, OXY and SRM tokens by applying discounts to market prices of 100%, 99.9% and 18.6% respectively, noting that the debtors held more than 99% of the total supply of MAPS, over 97% of OXY and over 95% of SRM, which gave them enormous control over the price. The court had earlier overruled the initial objections, holding that estimation of the digital asset claims was appropriate and that the debtors' methodology for the tokens then at issue was fair and reasonable.","source_ids":["src-029"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In an opinion and order of 26 June 2024 the Bankruptcy Court estimated the value of customer claims denominated in the MAPS, OXY and SRM tokens by applying discounts to market prices of 100%, 99.9% and 18.6% respectively, noting that the debtors held more than 99% of the total supply of MAPS, over 97% of OXY and over 95% of SRM, which gave them enormous control over the price. The court had earlier overruled the initial objections, holding that estimation of the digital asset claims was appropriate and that the debtors' methodology for the tokens then at issue was fair and reasonable."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-plan","record":{"id":"c-ch11-plan","kind":"fact","text":"On 7 October 2024 FTX Trading Ltd. (d.b.a. FTX.com) and its affiliated debtors announced that the Bankruptcy Court had confirmed their plan of reorganization; under its terms 98% of creditors by number would receive about 119% of their allowed claims within 60 days after the effective date, subject to know-your-customer and other requirements, and the debtors projected total distributable value of $14.7 billion to $16.5 billion, including assets controlled by the joint official liquidators of FTX Digital Markets, the administrators of FTX Australia, the U.S. Department of Justice and cooperating private parties. The Singapore court later recorded the plan as filed on 30 September 2024, confirmed on 8 October 2024 and effective on 3 January 2025. Under the plan, cancelled intercompany claims (Class 9) are cancelled, released or settled in full without any distribution.","source_ids":["src-050","src-068","src-089"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","ftx-australia","doj"],"qualification":"The plan figures are the debtors' projections at confirmation.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 7 October 2024 FTX Trading Ltd. (d.b.a. FTX.com) and its affiliated debtors announced that the Bankruptcy Court had confirmed their plan of reorganization; under its terms 98% of creditors by number would receive about 119% of their allowed claims within 60 days after the effective date, subject to know-your-customer and other requirements, and the debtors projected total distributable value of $14.7 billion to $16.5 billion, including assets controlled by the joint official liquidators of FTX Digital Markets, the administrators of FTX Australia, the U.S. Department of Justice and cooperating private parties. The Singapore court later recorded the plan as filed on 30 September 2024, confirmed on 8 October 2024 and effective on 3 January 2025. Under the plan, cancelled intercompany claims (Class 9) are cancelled, released or settled in full without any distribution."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-adversary-catalog","record":{"id":"c-ch11-adversary-catalog","kind":"fact","text":"The claims agent's list of adversary proceedings in the case includes suits brought by FTX Trading Ltd. alone or with other debtors against Lorem Ipsum UG (23-50437), LayerZero Labs Ltd. (23-50492), Mirana Corp. (23-50759), Ryan Salame (24-50186), Genesis Block Ltd. (24-50185), SkyBridge Capital II, LLC (24-50209) and a series of political and advocacy organisations (case numbers 24-50189 to 24-50204); suits by Alameda entities against Voyager Digital (23-50084), FTX Digital Markets (23-50145), Michael Giles and others (23-50380), Bankman-Fried (23-50381 and 23-50448) and Daniel Friedberg (23-50419); actions in the name of the FTX Recovery Trust, including against Ryan Salame and others (25-52195); and Melamed v. FTX Recovery Trust (26-50377).","source_ids":["src-073"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","lorem-ipsum","ryan-salame","skybridge-ii","alameda-ltd","alameda-llc","voyager-digital","fdm","michael-giles","sbf","daniel-friedberg","ftx-recovery-trust","seth-melamed"],"qualification":"The list gives case captions and numbers only; it does not show the claims made or the outcomes.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The claims agent's list of adversary proceedings in the case includes suits brought by FTX Trading Ltd. alone or with other debtors against Lorem Ipsum UG (23-50437), LayerZero Labs Ltd. (23-50492), Mirana Corp. (23-50759), Ryan Salame (24-50186), Genesis Block Ltd. (24-50185), SkyBridge Capital II, LLC (24-50209) and a series of political and advocacy organisations (case numbers 24-50189 to 24-50204); suits by Alameda entities against Voyager Digital (23-50084), FTX Digital Markets (23-50145), Michael Giles and others (23-50380), Bankman-Fried (23-50381 and 23-50448) and Daniel Friedberg (23-50419); actions in the name of the FTX Recovery Trust, including against Ryan Salame and others (25-52195); and Melamed v. FTX Recovery Trust (26-50377)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","record":{"id":"c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","kind":"attributed","text":"In a complaint filed on 8 November 2024, FTX Trading Ltd., Island Bay Ventures Inc. and Clifton Bay Investments LLC (formerly Alameda Research Ventures LLC) sued SkyBridge Capital II, LLC, SkyBridge GP Holdings LLC, SkyBridge Coin Fund LP (now Digital Macro Fund LP), SALT Venture Group LLC, Anthony Scaramucci and Brett Messing to avoid three 2022 transactions: a January 2022 sponsorship agreement under which FTX agreed to pay SALT $12 million for conferences and podcasts in 2022–2024, of which FTX Trading paid $2 million from its Signature Bank account on 12 January and 14 April 2022; a $10 million investment by Alameda Research Ventures in the SkyBridge Coin Fund on 1 April 2022, funded by a transfer from Alameda Research Ltd. on 31 March 2022 out of a Silvergate account that had received $9.4 million of intercompany transfers and $23 million of direct customer deposits in the preceding week; and the purchase on 7 September 2022 of 30% membership interests in SkyBridge Capital II and SkyBridge GP for $45 million, which Alameda Research Ltd. funded by transferring $45 million to Alameda Research Ventures, which wired it to SkyBridge on 8 September 2022. The complaint states that Bankman-Fried caused debtor funds to be spent on each transaction, that the purchase agreements were originally signed by him for Alameda Research Ventures, and that the agreement also gave Island Bay an option to buy a further 55% of SkyBridge II for $137,500,000.","source_ids":["src-085","src-073"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","island-bay","clifton-bay","skybridge-ii","salt","anthony-scaramucci","alameda-ltd","sbf"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 (adversary proceeding 24-50209); the retained records contain no answer by the defendants and no ruling.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Attributed: In a complaint filed on 8 November 2024, FTX Trading Ltd., Island Bay Ventures Inc. and Clifton Bay Investments LLC (formerly Alameda Research Ventures LLC) sued SkyBridge Capital II, LLC, SkyBridge GP Holdings LLC, SkyBridge Coin Fund LP (now Digital Macro Fund LP), SALT Venture Group LLC, Anthony Scaramucci and Brett Messing to avoid three 2022 transactions: a January 2022 sponsorship agreement under which FTX agreed to pay SALT $12 million for conferences and podcasts in 2022–2024, of which FTX Trading paid $2 million from its Signature Bank account on 12 January and 14 April 2022; a $10 million investment by Alameda Research Ventures in the SkyBridge Coin Fund on 1 April 2022, funded by a transfer from Alameda Research Ltd. on 31 March 2022 out of a Silvergate account that had received $9.4 million of intercompany transfers and $23 million of direct customer deposits in the preceding week; and the purchase on 7 September 2022 of 30% membership interests in SkyBridge Capital II and SkyBridge GP for $45 million, which Alameda Research Ltd. funded by transferring $45 million to Alameda Research Ventures, which wired it to SkyBridge on 8 September 2022. The complaint states that Bankman-Fried caused debtor funds to be spent on each transaction, that the purchase agreements were originally signed by him for Alameda Research Ventures, and that the agreement also gave Island Bay an option to buy a further 55% of SkyBridge II for $137,500,000."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-skybridge-claims","record":{"id":"c-ch11-skybridge-claims","kind":"attributed","text":"The complaint alleges that, although the debtors refused consent, SkyBridge liquidated the FTT and SRM tokens it had received in the transaction for about $3 million between November 2022 and January 2023, in breach of section 3.11 of the SkyBridge II LLC agreement. It records that on 29 June 2023 SkyBridge Capital II filed substantively identical $45 million claims against many debtors, including North Dimension Inc, North Dimension Ltd, North Wireless Dimension Inc., Alameda Research LLC, LedgerPrime LLC and Alameda Research Ltd, and that SALT filed claim 5126 for $8 million against FTX Trading Ltd. under the sponsorship agreement. The plaintiffs seek disallowance of these claims, unjust-enrichment relief against SkyBridge Capital II, and damages from Scaramucci and Messing for breach of contract and of fiduciary duties.","source_ids":["src-085","src-073"],"entity_ids":["skybridge-ii","salt","ftx-trading","north-dimension","north-wireless","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","anthony-scaramucci"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 (adversary proceeding 24-50209); the retained records contain no answer by the defendants and no ruling.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["skybridge-ii"]},"reading":"Attributed: The complaint alleges that, although the debtors refused consent, SkyBridge liquidated the FTT and SRM tokens it had received in the transaction for about $3 million between November 2022 and January 2023, in breach of section 3.11 of the SkyBridge II LLC agreement. It records that on 29 June 2023 SkyBridge Capital II filed substantively identical $45 million claims against many debtors, including North Dimension Inc, North Dimension Ltd, North Wireless Dimension Inc., Alameda Research LLC, LedgerPrime LLC and Alameda Research Ltd, and that SALT filed claim 5126 for $8 million against FTX Trading Ltd. under the sponsorship agreement. The plaintiffs seek disallowance of these claims, unjust-enrichment relief against SkyBridge Capital II, and damages from Scaramucci and Messing for breach of contract and of fiduciary duties."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-skybridge-later","record":{"id":"c-ch11-skybridge-later","kind":"attributed","text":"The same complaint alleges that, after the acquisition, Bankman-Fried used Scaramucci's connections to seek billions in new equity for FTX: in late October 2022 Scaramucci introduced him to the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, a meeting that produced an offer for Saudi state capital funds to invest up to $250 million in FTX, and arranged a meeting with the President of the United Arab Emirates. It states that on 9 November 2022 Brett Messing sent Bankman-Fried a proposed \"Release and Unwinding of Certain Relationships\", already signed by Scaramucci, under which Island Bay would give up its interest in SkyBridge II with no return of capital while SkyBridge kept the purchased cryptocurrencies; no FTX Group employee responded. The debtors add that an unaudited December 2023 balance sheet of SkyBridge II showed total assets of only $28 million, including $20 million of digital assets, when the cryptocurrencies bought with the FTX money should have been worth at least $60 million, and say that the officers' salaries and missing assets suggest an attempt to empty SkyBridge II.","source_ids":["src-085"],"entity_ids":["skybridge-ii","anthony-scaramucci","sbf","island-bay"],"qualification":"These are allegations in the debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 (adversary proceeding 24-50209); the retained records contain no answer by the defendants and no ruling.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["skybridge-ii"]},"reading":"Attributed: The same complaint alleges that, after the acquisition, Bankman-Fried used Scaramucci's connections to seek billions in new equity for FTX: in late October 2022 Scaramucci introduced him to the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, a meeting that produced an offer for Saudi state capital funds to invest up to $250 million in FTX, and arranged a meeting with the President of the United Arab Emirates. It states that on 9 November 2022 Brett Messing sent Bankman-Fried a proposed \"Release and Unwinding of Certain Relationships\", already signed by Scaramucci, under which Island Bay would give up its interest in SkyBridge II with no return of capital while SkyBridge kept the purchased cryptocurrencies; no FTX Group employee responded. The debtors add that an unaudited December 2023 balance sheet of SkyBridge II showed total assets of only $28 million, including $20 million of digital assets, when the cryptocurrencies bought with the FTX money should have been worth at least $60 million, and say that the officers' salaries and missing assets suggest an attempt to empty SkyBridge II."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-trabucco","record":{"id":"c-ch11-trabucco","kind":"fact","text":"On 11 November 2024 the debtors moved for approval of a settlement among the debtors, FTX Digital Markets and Sam Trabucco, who was employed by Alameda Research Ltd. from 2018 to 2022, including as co-CEO with Caroline Ellison from August 2021 until he left in August 2022. The debtors had determined that during his tenure Trabucco received the benefit of about $40 million in potentially avoidable transfers, alongside cash compensation of about $20 million and compensation in FTT, SRM and FTX.com equity. Trabucco had filed proofs of claim on 29 June 2023 including customer claims of $69,176,447.13 against FTX.com and $140,252.40 against FTX US. Under the settlement he would transfer to the debtors two San Francisco apartments bought in June 2021 for $8.7 million, a 53-foot yacht bought for $2.51 million (purchase agreement of 23 February 2022, paid by an Alameda wire after he moved 2.51 million USDC from his FTX.com account to an Alameda account) and all rights in his claims, which would be disallowed and expunged. He also confirmed that he never had any interest in condominium unit Charles 4A in Albany, the Bahamas, which FTX Digital Markets had paid for.","source_ids":["src-059"],"entity_ids":["sam-trabucco","alameda-ltd","caroline-ellison","fdm","ftx-trading","wrss"],"qualification":"The retained records do not show whether the court approved the settlement (hearing set for 12 December 2024). Some secondary accounts describe it as a settlement with U.S. authorities; the motion names the debtors and FTX Digital Markets as the counterparties.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 11 November 2024 the debtors moved for approval of a settlement among the debtors, FTX Digital Markets and Sam Trabucco, who was employed by Alameda Research Ltd. from 2018 to 2022, including as co-CEO with Caroline Ellison from August 2021 until he left in August 2022. The debtors had determined that during his tenure Trabucco received the benefit of about $40 million in potentially avoidable transfers, alongside cash compensation of about $20 million and compensation in FTT, SRM and FTX.com equity. Trabucco had filed proofs of claim on 29 June 2023 including customer claims of $69,176,447.13 against FTX.com and $140,252.40 against FTX US. Under the settlement he would transfer to the debtors two San Francisco apartments bought in June 2021 for $8.7 million, a 53-foot yacht bought for $2.51 million (purchase agreement of 23 February 2022, paid by an Alameda wire after he moved 2.51 million USDC from his FTX.com account to an Alameda account) and all rights in his claims, which would be disallowed and expunged. He also confirmed that he never had any interest in condominium unit Charles 4A in Albany, the Bahamas, which FTX Digital Markets had paid for."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-embed","record":{"id":"c-ch11-embed","kind":"fact","text":"Alameda Research Ltd., West Realm Shires, Inc. and West Realm Shires Services, Inc. sued to avoid and recover the transfers made in their acquisition of Embed Financial Technologies Inc., which closed on 30 September 2022 when WRS paid the defendants $236,764,105.34 and agreed to retention bonuses of $63.5 million (adversary proceedings 23-50379 against Rocket Internet Capital Partners II and others, and 23-50380 against Michael Giles and others). On 23 October 2024 the Bankruptcy Court dismissed the actual-fraudulent-transfer counts (Counts I and III in both cases, and Count V against Giles) and let the remaining counts, including those for constructive fraudulent transfer, proceed.","source_ids":["src-105"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","wrs","wrss","embed","michael-giles"],"qualification":"The record does not show the later outcome of the Embed actions.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Alameda Research Ltd., West Realm Shires, Inc. and West Realm Shires Services, Inc. sued to avoid and recover the transfers made in their acquisition of Embed Financial Technologies Inc., which closed on 30 September 2022 when WRS paid the defendants $236,764,105.34 and agreed to retention bonuses of $63.5 million (adversary proceedings 23-50379 against Rocket Internet Capital Partners II and others, and 23-50380 against Michael Giles and others). On 23 October 2024 the Bankruptcy Court dismissed the actual-fraudulent-transfer counts (Counts I and III in both cases, and Count V against Giles) and let the remaining counts, including those for constructive fraudulent transfer, proceed."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-voyager","record":{"id":"c-ch11-voyager","kind":"fact","text":"On 30 January 2023 Alameda Research Ltd. sued Voyager Digital, LLC and HTC Trading Inc. to avoid as preferences its repayments of Voyager loans in September and October 2022; an amended complaint of 2 March 2023 added FTX Trading as a plaintiff with further preference claims arising from Voyager's withdrawals from the FTX exchanges. Under a stipulation approved on 8 March 2023, Voyager reserved $445 million for these claims. After mediation, the debtors and the Voyager debtors signed a global settlement on 4 April 2024 releasing all claims between them, including Voyager's claims of at least $130 million, and the Bankruptcy Court approved it on 29 April 2024.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","voyager-digital"],"qualification":"The disclosure statement (Doc 15521, filed 22 May 2024) is the debtors' own account, approved for solicitation of the plan.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 30 January 2023 Alameda Research Ltd. sued Voyager Digital, LLC and HTC Trading Inc. to avoid as preferences its repayments of Voyager loans in September and October 2022; an amended complaint of 2 March 2023 added FTX Trading as a plaintiff with further preference claims arising from Voyager's withdrawals from the FTX exchanges. Under a stipulation approved on 8 March 2023, Voyager reserved $445 million for these claims. After mediation, the debtors and the Voyager debtors signed a global settlement on 4 April 2024 releasing all claims between them, including Voyager's claims of at least $130 million, and the Bankruptcy Court approved it on 29 April 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-asset-sales","record":{"id":"c-ch11-asset-sales","kind":"fact","text":"Among the debtors' asset sales, Clifton Bay Investments LLC's limited partnership interests in Sequoia Capital Fund, L.P. (acquired on 11 March 2022 with a capital commitment of about $100 million, of which Clifton Bay contributed about $50 million) were sold to Al Nawwar Investments RSC Limited for about $45 million under an agreement of 8 March 2023, approved on 28 March 2023. FTX Ventures Ltd., which held a $100 million 3% convertible promissory note issued by Dave Inc. on 21 March 2022, agreed on 4 January 2024 to sell the note back to Dave for $71 million in cash plus a possible additional payment.","source_ids":["src-068","src-098"],"entity_ids":["clifton-bay","ftx-ventures","dave-inc"],"qualification":"The disclosure statement (Doc 15521, filed 22 May 2024) is the debtors' own account, approved for solicitation of the plan.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Among the debtors' asset sales, Clifton Bay Investments LLC's limited partnership interests in Sequoia Capital Fund, L.P. (acquired on 11 March 2022 with a capital commitment of about $100 million, of which Clifton Bay contributed about $50 million) were sold to Al Nawwar Investments RSC Limited for about $45 million under an agreement of 8 March 2023, approved on 28 March 2023. FTX Ventures Ltd., which held a $100 million 3% convertible promissory note issued by Dave Inc. on 21 March 2022, agreed on 4 January 2024 to sell the note back to Dave for $71 million in cash plus a possible additional payment."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-emergent","record":{"id":"c-ch11-emergent","kind":"fact","text":"Emergent Fidelity Technologies Ltd, an Antigua and Barbuda company with its principal place of business at Unit 3B, Bryson's Commercial Complex, Friars Hill Road, St. John's, was formed by Bankman-Fried and Gary Wang to hold investments in Robinhood Markets, Inc.; its governance documents name Bankman-Fried as its only director, with Bankman-Fried owning 90% and Wang 10%, and the two borrowed about $546 million from Alameda Research to capitalise it. The FTX Digital Markets liquidators reported that Emergent owned about 56 million Class A shares of Robinhood, 7.6% of the class according to a Schedule 13D filed on 12 May 2022.","source_ids":["src-067","src-068","src-008"],"entity_ids":["emergent","sbf","gary-wang","alameda-llc","robinhood"],"qualification":"The disclosure statement (Doc 15521, filed 22 May 2024) is the debtors' own account, approved for solicitation of the plan.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: Emergent Fidelity Technologies Ltd, an Antigua and Barbuda company with its principal place of business at Unit 3B, Bryson's Commercial Complex, Friars Hill Road, St. John's, was formed by Bankman-Fried and Gary Wang to hold investments in Robinhood Markets, Inc.; its governance documents name Bankman-Fried as its only director, with Bankman-Fried owning 90% and Wang 10%, and the two borrowed about $546 million from Alameda Research to capitalise it. The FTX Digital Markets liquidators reported that Emergent owned about 56 million Class A shares of Robinhood, 7.6% of the class according to a Schedule 13D filed on 12 May 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-emergent-proceedings","record":{"id":"c-ch11-emergent-proceedings","kind":"fact","text":"On 17 November 2022 a third-party creditor of Emergent petitioned the Antiguan court for a receivership over Emergent's shares; the disclosure statement says the court granted it the next day, while the FTX Digital Markets liquidators cite an order of the High Court of Antigua and Barbuda dated 2 December 2022 appointing Angela Barkhouse and Toni Shukla of Quantuma as joint provisional liquidators. On or about 6 January 2023 U.S. federal prosecutors seized Emergent's assets held at Marex Capital Markets in New York (about 55 million Robinhood shares and $20.7 million in cash) in connection with Bankman-Fried's prosecution; the shares were monetised and the proceeds are held by the Department of Justice, with competing claims by the debtors, Bankman-Fried, Emergent and BlockFi. Emergent filed its own Chapter 11 petition on 3 February 2023 under its liquidators' direction and was jointly administered with the debtors from April 2023 (final order 10 May 2023).","source_ids":["src-064","src-008","src-068","src-063"],"entity_ids":["emergent","angela-barkhouse","toni-shukla","doj","sbf","blockfi","robinhood","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The disclosure statement (Doc 15521, filed 22 May 2024) is the debtors' own account, approved for solicitation of the plan.","response":"Emergent and its joint liquidators each filed a petition in response to the forfeiture order in Bankman-Fried's criminal case on 13 June 2024; the liquidators withdrew theirs on 5 February 2025.","outcome":"The disclosure statement lists among the assets seized by the Department of Justice about $626 million from accounts in Emergent's name, representing the proceeds of the interlocutory sale of the Robinhood shares, and says the debtors were working with the Department on how to distribute the seized assets to victims.","adverse_subject_ids":["emergent"]},"reading":"Fact: On 17 November 2022 a third-party creditor of Emergent petitioned the Antiguan court for a receivership over Emergent's shares; the disclosure statement says the court granted it the next day, while the FTX Digital Markets liquidators cite an order of the High Court of Antigua and Barbuda dated 2 December 2022 appointing Angela Barkhouse and Toni Shukla of Quantuma as joint provisional liquidators. On or about 6 January 2023 U.S. federal prosecutors seized Emergent's assets held at Marex Capital Markets in New York (about 55 million Robinhood shares and $20.7 million in cash) in connection with Bankman-Fried's prosecution; the shares were monetised and the proceeds are held by the Department of Justice, with competing claims by the debtors, Bankman-Fried, Emergent and BlockFi. Emergent filed its own Chapter 11 petition on 3 February 2023 under its liquidators' direction and was jointly administered with the debtors from April 2023 (final order 10 May 2023)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-silvergate","record":{"id":"c-ch11-silvergate","kind":"fact","text":"On 31 October 2024 the FTX Group filed proof of claim 137 against Silvergate Capital Corporation in Silvergate's own Chapter 11 case (No. 24-12158), stating that from 2018 until the FTX Group's collapse in November 2022 Silvergate served as one of the group's banks, opening accounts for group entities, accepting their deposits and becoming familiar with their business, management and governance through its due diligence. On 8 October 2026 the FTX Recovery Trust filed that proof of claim in support of its motion to disallow, and preliminary objection to, the claims of the Argent Liquidation Trust.","source_ids":["src-101"],"entity_ids":["silvergate","ftx-recovery-trust","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The proof of claim is the FTX Group's own pleading; the retained records do not show the outcome of either claim.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 31 October 2024 the FTX Group filed proof of claim 137 against Silvergate Capital Corporation in Silvergate's own Chapter 11 case (No. 24-12158), stating that from 2018 until the FTX Group's collapse in November 2022 Silvergate served as one of the group's banks, opening accounts for group entities, accepting their deposits and becoming familiar with their business, management and governance through its due diligence. On 8 October 2026 the FTX Recovery Trust filed that proof of claim in support of its motion to disallow, and preliminary objection to, the claims of the Argent Liquidation Trust."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-ch11-appeal-2026","record":{"id":"c-ch11-appeal-2026","kind":"fact","text":"A bankruptcy appeal captioned In re: FTX Trading Ltd., et al. was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware on 14 September 2026 (No. 1:2026cv01008).","source_ids":["src-060"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The retained docket summary does not identify the appellant or the order appealed.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: A bankruptcy appeal captioned In re: FTX Trading Ltd., et al. was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware on 14 September 2026 (No. 1:2026cv01008)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-sbf","record":{"id":"c-crim-sbf","kind":"fact","text":"Samuel Bankman-Fried was extradited from the Bahamas to the United States on 21 December 2022. After a jury trial in the Southern District of New York (No. 22-cr-673) he was found guilty on all seven counts of the final indictment: two counts of wire fraud, two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit securities fraud, commodities fraud and money laundering. On 28 March 2024 Judge Lewis A. Kaplan sentenced him to 25 years in prison, three years of supervised release and more than $11 billion in forfeiture, and authorised the government to use forfeited funds to compensate victims. The U.S. Attorney's Office stated that he misappropriated billions of dollars of customer funds deposited with FTX, defrauded investors in FTX of more than $1.7 billion and defrauded lenders to Alameda of more than $1.3 billion: from 2019 to 2022 he took FTX customer funds for his personal use, for investments, for millions of dollars of political contributions and to repay billions of dollars of loans owed by Alameda Research, while repeatedly telling customers, investors and the public that customer deposits were held in custody and kept separate from company assets and that Alameda had no privileged access to FTX. The judgment records the counts of the earlier indictments as dismissed.","source_ids":["src-019","src-063","src-054","src-064","src-061"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-ltd","doj"],"qualification":"","response":"Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty and contested the charges at trial; after his conviction he appealed and, in February 2026, moved for a new trial.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["sbf"]},"reading":"Fact: Samuel Bankman-Fried was extradited from the Bahamas to the United States on 21 December 2022. After a jury trial in the Southern District of New York (No. 22-cr-673) he was found guilty on all seven counts of the final indictment: two counts of wire fraud, two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit securities fraud, commodities fraud and money laundering. On 28 March 2024 Judge Lewis A. Kaplan sentenced him to 25 years in prison, three years of supervised release and more than $11 billion in forfeiture, and authorised the government to use forfeited funds to compensate victims. The U.S. Attorney's Office stated that he misappropriated billions of dollars of customer funds deposited with FTX, defrauded investors in FTX of more than $1.7 billion and defrauded lenders to Alameda of more than $1.3 billion: from 2019 to 2022 he took FTX customer funds for his personal use, for investments, for millions of dollars of political contributions and to repay billions of dollars of loans owed by Alameda Research, while repeatedly telling customers, investors and the public that customer deposits were held in custody and kept separate from company assets and that Alameda had no privileged access to FTX. The judgment records the counts of the earlier indictments as dismissed."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-sbf-appeal","record":{"id":"c-crim-sbf-appeal","kind":"fact","text":"Bankman-Fried's appeal (Second Circuit No. 24-0961) failed: the Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment and issued its mandate on 4 August 2026. His motion for a new trial, filed on 5 February 2026 on the basis of supposedly newly discovered evidence, and his request for the judge's recusal were denied on 28 April 2026. On 7 May 2026 the court entered a preliminary order of forfeiture as to substitute assets against him.","source_ids":["src-064"],"entity_ids":["sbf","doj"],"qualification":"Docket entries are taken from a public mirror of the court's docket; the underlying orders and judgments were not all retained.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["sbf"]},"reading":"Fact: Bankman-Fried's appeal (Second Circuit No. 24-0961) failed: the Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment and issued its mandate on 4 August 2026. His motion for a new trial, filed on 5 February 2026 on the basis of supposedly newly discovered evidence, and his request for the judge's recusal were denied on 28 April 2026. On 7 May 2026 the court entered a preliminary order of forfeiture as to substitute assets against him."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition","record":{"id":"c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd. took part in the forfeiture proceedings against Bankman-Fried: on 14 June 2024 it filed a third-party petition in response to the forfeiture order, attaching among other things the preliminary forfeiture order, the FTX Digital Markets global settlement order, the debtors' disclosure statement and the BlockFi global settlement agreement, and on 14 February 2025 it filed a notice withdrawing the petition. Emergent Fidelity Technologies' joint liquidators withdrew their own verified petition for a hearing on 5 February 2025.","source_ids":["src-063","src-064"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","emergent","fdm","blockfi"],"qualification":"Docket entries are taken from a public mirror of the court's docket; the underlying orders and judgments were not all retained. The record does not state the reasons for the withdrawals.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd. took part in the forfeiture proceedings against Bankman-Fried: on 14 June 2024 it filed a third-party petition in response to the forfeiture order, attaching among other things the preliminary forfeiture order, the FTX Digital Markets global settlement order, the debtors' disclosure statement and the BlockFi global settlement agreement, and on 14 February 2025 it filed a notice withdrawing the petition. Emergent Fidelity Technologies' joint liquidators withdrew their own verified petition for a hearing on 5 February 2025."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-ellison","record":{"id":"c-crim-ellison","kind":"fact","text":"Caroline Ellison, former chief executive of Alameda Research, pleaded guilty on 19 December 2022 before Judge Ronnie Abrams to two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, two counts of wire fraud and one count each of conspiracy to commit commodities fraud, securities fraud and money laundering, arising from schemes to defraud FTX's customers and investors, and cooperated with the government. On 24 September 2024 she was sentenced to 24 months' imprisonment on each count, to run concurrently, and three years of supervised release, with forfeiture; the judgment entered on 26 September 2024 records that all open counts were dismissed on the government's motion. A final order of forfeiture of her interest in specific property was entered on the government's application in February 2025.","source_ids":["src-061","src-063","src-064"],"entity_ids":["caroline-ellison","doj","alameda-ltd","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"Docket entries are taken from a public mirror of the court's docket; the underlying orders and judgments were not all retained.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["caroline-ellison"]},"reading":"Fact: Caroline Ellison, former chief executive of Alameda Research, pleaded guilty on 19 December 2022 before Judge Ronnie Abrams to two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, two counts of wire fraud and one count each of conspiracy to commit commodities fraud, securities fraud and money laundering, arising from schemes to defraud FTX's customers and investors, and cooperated with the government. On 24 September 2024 she was sentenced to 24 months' imprisonment on each count, to run concurrently, and three years of supervised release, with forfeiture; the judgment entered on 26 September 2024 records that all open counts were dismissed on the government's motion. A final order of forfeiture of her interest in specific property was entered on the government's application in February 2025."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-wang","record":{"id":"c-crim-wang","kind":"fact","text":"Gary (Zixiao) Wang, co-founder and former chief technology officer of FTX, pleaded guilty on 19 December 2022 to one count each of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy to commit commodities fraud and conspiracy to commit securities fraud, and cooperated with the government. On 20 November 2024 Judge Kaplan sentenced him to time served on each count and three years of supervised release; the judgment was signed on 25 November 2024. The court declined to order restitution, finding that determining the cause and amount of the victims' losses would complicate and prolong sentencing.","source_ids":["src-061","src-064"],"entity_ids":["gary-wang","doj","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"Docket entries are taken from a public mirror of the court's docket; the underlying orders and judgments were not all retained.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["gary-wang"]},"reading":"Fact: Gary (Zixiao) Wang, co-founder and former chief technology officer of FTX, pleaded guilty on 19 December 2022 to one count each of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy to commit commodities fraud and conspiracy to commit securities fraud, and cooperated with the government. On 20 November 2024 Judge Kaplan sentenced him to time served on each count and three years of supervised release; the judgment was signed on 25 November 2024. The court declined to order restitution, finding that determining the cause and amount of the victims' losses would complicate and prolong sentencing."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-singh","record":{"id":"c-crim-singh","kind":"fact","text":"Nishad Singh pleaded guilty on 28 February 2023 in a parallel criminal action to commodities fraud and other charges, the same felonies to which Ellison and Wang had pleaded, and agreed to forfeit certain assets received from FTX and Alameda. On 30 October 2024 he was sentenced to time served on each count, followed by three years of supervised release; a final order of forfeiture against him was signed on 22 April 2025. As for Wang, the court declined to order restitution because determining the cause and amount of the victims' losses would complicate and prolong sentencing.","source_ids":["src-064","src-065","src-085"],"entity_ids":["nishad-singh","doj","ftx-trading","cftc"],"qualification":"Docket entries are taken from a public mirror of the court's docket; the underlying orders and judgments were not all retained.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["nishad-singh"]},"reading":"Fact: Nishad Singh pleaded guilty on 28 February 2023 in a parallel criminal action to commodities fraud and other charges, the same felonies to which Ellison and Wang had pleaded, and agreed to forfeit certain assets received from FTX and Alameda. On 30 October 2024 he was sentenced to time served on each count, followed by three years of supervised release; a final order of forfeiture against him was signed on 22 April 2025. As for Wang, the court declined to order restitution because determining the cause and amount of the victims' losses would complicate and prolong sentencing."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-guilty-summary","record":{"id":"c-crim-guilty-summary","kind":"fact","text":"In a filing of 11 December 2023 the debtors summarised that Bankman-Fried had been found guilty by a jury and that the other founders and most senior executives, Nishad Singh, Gary Wang and Caroline Ellison, had pleaded guilty to federal crimes arising from fraud and the misappropriation of FTX Group funds.","source_ids":["src-009"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","nishad-singh","gary-wang","caroline-ellison"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: In a filing of 11 December 2023 the debtors summarised that Bankman-Fried had been found guilty by a jury and that the other founders and most senior executives, Nishad Singh, Gary Wang and Caroline Ellison, had pleaded guilty to federal crimes arising from fraud and the misappropriation of FTX Group funds."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-salame","record":{"id":"c-crim-salame","kind":"fact","text":"Ryan Salame, a high-ranking official at Alameda Research from 2019 to 2021 who was named co-CEO of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. in or about October 2021, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to make unlawful political contributions and defraud the Federal Election Commission and to conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business. The U.S. Attorney's Office stated that he conspired with Bankman-Fried and others to use FTX, Alameda Research and an entity called \"North Dimension\" to transmit FTX customer funds without a licence, and that he and his co-conspirators made over 300 unlawful political contributions totalling tens of millions of dollars. On 28 May 2024 Judge Kaplan sentenced him to an aggregate 90 months' imprisonment and three years of supervised release; the press release reports more than $6 million in forfeiture and more than $5 million in restitution, and the docket entry orders restitution of $5,593,177.91 to the U.S. bankruptcy estate of FTX Trading Ltd., a $500,000 fine and forfeiture of $1,561,187,623.74 as set out in a consent preliminary order of forfeiture as to substitute assets/money judgment of 7 September 2023, as modified on 28 May 2024.","source_ids":["src-022","src-063"],"entity_ids":["ryan-salame","doj","alameda-llc","fdm","north-dimension","sbf","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"The press release and the docket entry give different forfeiture figures; the retained records do not explain the difference.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ryan-salame"]},"reading":"Fact: Ryan Salame, a high-ranking official at Alameda Research from 2019 to 2021 who was named co-CEO of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. in or about October 2021, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to make unlawful political contributions and defraud the Federal Election Commission and to conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business. The U.S. Attorney's Office stated that he conspired with Bankman-Fried and others to use FTX, Alameda Research and an entity called \"North Dimension\" to transmit FTX customer funds without a licence, and that he and his co-conspirators made over 300 unlawful political contributions totalling tens of millions of dollars. On 28 May 2024 Judge Kaplan sentenced him to an aggregate 90 months' imprisonment and three years of supervised release; the press release reports more than $6 million in forfeiture and more than $5 million in restitution, and the docket entry orders restitution of $5,593,177.91 to the U.S. bankruptcy estate of FTX Trading Ltd., a $500,000 fine and forfeiture of $1,561,187,623.74 as set out in a consent preliminary order of forfeiture as to substitute assets/money judgment of 7 September 2023, as modified on 28 May 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-salame-later","record":{"id":"c-crim-salame-later","kind":"fact","text":"After sentencing, the court granted Salame a continuance of his self-surrender date on 30 July 2024, required argument on 12 September 2024 on his petition for a writ of error coram nobis or audita querela despite his purported withdrawal of it, moved his surrender date forward from 13 to 11 October 2024 on the government's application, and on 10 October 2024 denied his further motion to continue and to postpone surrender. A satisfaction of judgment entered on 29 December 2025 acknowledges payment of the restitution of $5,593,177.91, the $500,000 fine and the $200 special assessment, $6,093,377.91 in all; it does not apply to the forfeiture obligations.","source_ids":["src-064","src-063"],"entity_ids":["ryan-salame","doj"],"qualification":"Docket entries are taken from a public mirror of the court's docket; the underlying orders and judgments were not all retained.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: After sentencing, the court granted Salame a continuance of his self-surrender date on 30 July 2024, required argument on 12 September 2024 on his petition for a writ of error coram nobis or audita querela despite his purported withdrawal of it, moved his surrender date forward from 13 to 11 October 2024 on the government's application, and on 10 October 2024 denied his further motion to continue and to postpone surrender. A satisfaction of judgment entered on 29 December 2025 acknowledges payment of the restitution of $5,593,177.91, the $500,000 fine and the $200 special assessment, $6,093,377.91 in all; it does not apply to the forfeiture obligations."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-crim-masak","record":{"id":"c-crim-masak","kind":"fact","text":"Turkey's Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) announced on 23 November 2022 that, after opening an examination on 14 November 2022 of the natural and legal persons connected with the platform trading as FTX.com and suspending transactions in their accounts with banks, e-money institutions, crypto-asset service providers and other obliged parties under Article 19/A of Law No. 5549, it had reached a strong suspicion of crime that customer deposits had not been properly safeguarded, that customer deposits had been transferred to other persons or abroad through fictitious transactions, and that customers had been made to trade crypto assets that did not exist while supply and demand were managed fictitiously. MASAK applied to the Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office for an investigation of Samuel Benjamin Bankman-Fried, who directly or indirectly controlled FTX.com's related persons in Turkey, and others for laundering the proceeds of crime under Article 282 of the Turkish Penal Code and various predicate offences, and for seizure of suspect assets under Article 17 of Law No. 5549; a judicial investigation was opened and the suspects' assets were seized.","source_ids":["src-080"],"entity_ids":["masak","istanbul-prosecutor","sbf","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"These are MASAK's findings of suspicion at the start of an investigation; the retained records do not show its later course or outcome in Turkey.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["sbf"]},"reading":"Fact: Turkey's Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) announced on 23 November 2022 that, after opening an examination on 14 November 2022 of the natural and legal persons connected with the platform trading as FTX.com and suspending transactions in their accounts with banks, e-money institutions, crypto-asset service providers and other obliged parties under Article 19/A of Law No. 5549, it had reached a strong suspicion of crime that customer deposits had not been properly safeguarded, that customer deposits had been transferred to other persons or abroad through fictitious transactions, and that customers had been made to trade crypto assets that did not exist while supply and demand were managed fictitiously. MASAK applied to the Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office for an investigation of Samuel Benjamin Bankman-Fried, who directly or indirectly controlled FTX.com's related persons in Turkey, and others for laundering the proceeds of crime under Article 282 of the Turkish Penal Code and various predicate offences, and for seizure of suspect assets under Article 17 of Law No. 5549; a judicial investigation was opened and the suspects' assets were seized."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-cftc-complaint","record":{"id":"c-reg-cftc-complaint","kind":"fact","text":"On 21 December 2022 the Commodity Futures Trading Commission filed an amended complaint in the Southern District of New York (No. 1:22-cv-10503-PKC) against Samuel Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com, Alameda Research LLC, Caroline Ellison and Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang, seeking injunctive and other equitable relief and civil penalties for violations of the Commodity Exchange Act and the CFTC's regulations.","source_ids":["src-066"],"entity_ids":["cftc","sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-llc","caroline-ellison","gary-wang"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: On 21 December 2022 the Commodity Futures Trading Commission filed an amended complaint in the Southern District of New York (No. 1:22-cv-10503-PKC) against Samuel Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com, Alameda Research LLC, Caroline Ellison and Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang, seeking injunctive and other equitable relief and civil penalties for violations of the Commodity Exchange Act and the CFTC's regulations."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","record":{"id":"c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","kind":"fact","text":"On 7 August 2024 the court entered a consent order of permanent injunction and other equitable relief against FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com and Alameda Research LLC. The order finds that the two companies, acting together as a common enterprise, violated Section 6(c)(1) of the Commodity Exchange Act and CFTC Regulation 180.1(a)(1) and (3) by employing a scheme to defraud and engaging in practices that operated as a fraud on FTX customers and others, and that they made material misrepresentations and omissions to customers, presenting customer assets as held in custody and segregated when customer funds were in fact commingled and misappropriated. It orders them to pay, jointly and severally, $8,700,000,000 in restitution and $4,000,000,000 in disgorgement, imposes injunctions and trading and registration prohibitions, and requires their cooperation in the CFTC's continuing litigation. Under a related settlement approved by the Bankruptcy Court, the CFTC agreed not to seek a civil monetary penalty and to subordinate its monetary claims to those of victims, with disgorgement payments to go to a supplemental remission fund for victims.","source_ids":["src-027","src-028"],"entity_ids":["cftc","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"The CFTC consent order was entered with the consent of FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC without a trial on the merits; they admitted its findings of fact for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that the findings would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, while keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","response":"FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC, by then under the control of the debtors' management, consented to the order to settle all charges against them without a trial on the merits.","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc"]},"reading":"Fact: On 7 August 2024 the court entered a consent order of permanent injunction and other equitable relief against FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com and Alameda Research LLC. The order finds that the two companies, acting together as a common enterprise, violated Section 6(c)(1) of the Commodity Exchange Act and CFTC Regulation 180.1(a)(1) and (3) by employing a scheme to defraud and engaging in practices that operated as a fraud on FTX customers and others, and that they made material misrepresentations and omissions to customers, presenting customer assets as held in custody and segregated when customer funds were in fact commingled and misappropriated. It orders them to pay, jointly and severally, $8,700,000,000 in restitution and $4,000,000,000 in disgorgement, imposes injunctions and trading and registration prohibitions, and requires their cooperation in the CFTC's continuing litigation. Under a related settlement approved by the Bankruptcy Court, the CFTC agreed not to seek a civil monetary penalty and to subordinate its monetary claims to those of victims, with disgorgement payments to go to a supplemental remission fund for victims."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-cftc-wang","record":{"id":"c-reg-cftc-wang","kind":"fact","text":"The court entered a consent order of judgment on liability against Gary Wang in the CFTC case on 23 December 2022, reserving restitution, disgorgement and a civil penalty. A supplemental consent order filed on 17 August 2026 records that the CFTC was not seeking, and the court was not imposing, restitution, disgorgement or a civil monetary penalty, in view of Wang's cooperation and the criminal judgment sentencing him to time served and three years of supervised release, and restrains him for five years from the initial order from trading on or subject to the rules of any registered entity and from related activities.","source_ids":["src-066"],"entity_ids":["cftc","gary-wang"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["gary-wang"]},"reading":"Fact: The court entered a consent order of judgment on liability against Gary Wang in the CFTC case on 23 December 2022, reserving restitution, disgorgement and a civil penalty. A supplemental consent order filed on 17 August 2026 records that the CFTC was not seeking, and the court was not imposing, restitution, disgorgement or a civil monetary penalty, in view of Wang's cooperation and the criminal judgment sentencing him to time served and three years of supervised release, and restrains him for five years from the initial order from trading on or subject to the rules of any registered entity and from related activities."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-cftc-singh","record":{"id":"c-reg-cftc-singh","kind":"attributed","text":"On 28 February 2023 the CFTC charged Nishad Singh, a shareholder and senior executive of FTX and its Director of Engineering at the time of its collapse, with fraud by misappropriation and with aiding and abetting fraud by Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com and Alameda Research LLC. The complaint alleges that from about May 2019 to 11 November 2022 FTX represented that customer assets were held in custody and segregated from FTX's own assets, whereas they were routinely held by Alameda and misappropriated by Alameda, FTX and Alameda executives for luxury real estate purchases, political contributions and high-risk, illiquid digital asset investments.","source_ids":["src-065"],"entity_ids":["cftc","nishad-singh","sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"qualification":"These are the CFTC's allegations in its complaint.","response":"According to the CFTC, Singh did not contest his liability on its claims.","outcome":"The CFTC announced that Singh would concede liability in a proposed consent order; on the same day he pleaded guilty in the parallel criminal case. The retained records do not include the entered consent order.","adverse_subject_ids":["nishad-singh"]},"reading":"Attributed: On 28 February 2023 the CFTC charged Nishad Singh, a shareholder and senior executive of FTX and its Director of Engineering at the time of its collapse, with fraud by misappropriation and with aiding and abetting fraud by Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com and Alameda Research LLC. The complaint alleges that from about May 2019 to 11 November 2022 FTX represented that customer assets were held in custody and segregated from FTX's own assets, whereas they were routinely held by Alameda and misappropriated by Alameda, FTX and Alameda executives for luxury real estate purchases, political contributions and high-risk, illiquid digital asset investments."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-sec-complaint","record":{"id":"c-reg-sec-complaint","kind":"fact","text":"The SEC sued Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang on 21 December 2022 (No. 1:22-cv-10794) and Nishad Singh on 28 February 2023 (No. 1:23-cv-01691). The complaint against Ellison and Wang describes Ellison as employed at Alameda from about March 2018, co-CEO from about October 2021 and sole CEO from about August 2022, and Wang as co-founder and chief technology officer of FTX and co-founder and 10% owner of Alameda; the employment of both was terminated on or about 18 November 2022.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062"],"entity_ids":["sec","caroline-ellison","gary-wang","nishad-singh","alameda-llc","ftx-trading"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: The SEC sued Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang on 21 December 2022 (No. 1:22-cv-10794) and Nishad Singh on 28 February 2023 (No. 1:23-cv-01691). The complaint against Ellison and Wang describes Ellison as employed at Alameda from about March 2018, co-CEO from about October 2021 and sole CEO from about August 2022, and Wang as co-founder and chief technology officer of FTX and co-founder and 10% owner of Alameda; the employment of both was terminated on or about 18 November 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-sec-judgments","record":{"id":"c-reg-sec-judgments","kind":"fact","text":"On 19 December 2025 the SEC filed proposed final consent judgments in the Southern District of New York against Caroline Ellison, former CEO of Alameda Research Ltd. (a subsidiary of Alameda Research LLC), Gary Wang, former chief technology officer of FTX Trading Ltd., and Nishad Singh, former co-lead engineer of FTX. Without denying the allegations, which include that Bankman-Fried, with their knowledge, directed hundreds of millions of dollars more in FTX customer funds to Alameda for venture investments and \"loans\" to himself and other executives, they agreed, subject to court approval, to permanent injunctions against violating the antifraud provisions of the Exchange Act (Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5) and the Securities Act (Section 17(a)), five-year conduct-based injunctions, and officer-and-director bars of ten years for Ellison and eight years for Wang and Singh.","source_ids":["src-062"],"entity_ids":["sec","caroline-ellison","gary-wang","nishad-singh","alameda-ltd","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","sbf"],"qualification":"The release reports proposed judgments subject to court approval; the retained records do not show the date of entry.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["caroline-ellison","gary-wang","nishad-singh"]},"reading":"Fact: On 19 December 2025 the SEC filed proposed final consent judgments in the Southern District of New York against Caroline Ellison, former CEO of Alameda Research Ltd. (a subsidiary of Alameda Research LLC), Gary Wang, former chief technology officer of FTX Trading Ltd., and Nishad Singh, former co-lead engineer of FTX. Without denying the allegations, which include that Bankman-Fried, with their knowledge, directed hundreds of millions of dollars more in FTX customer funds to Alameda for venture investments and \"loans\" to himself and other executives, they agreed, subject to court approval, to permanent injunctions against violating the antifraud provisions of the Exchange Act (Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5) and the Securities Act (Section 17(a)), five-year conduct-based injunctions, and officer-and-director bars of ten years for Ellison and eight years for Wang and Singh."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-wa-dfi","record":{"id":"c-reg-wa-dfi","kind":"fact","text":"On 22 November 2022 the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions issued a temporary order to cease and desist (No. C-22-3487-22-TD01) under the Uniform Money Services Act against West Realm Shires Services, Inc., d/b/a FTX US (NMLS No. 1957771), a Delaware corporation and licensed money transmitter located in Chicago. The order alleges that as of 10 November 2022 the company had suspended payment of its obligations to customers and prevented transfers and withdrawals of their digital assets, and that it filed for Chapter 11 on 11 November 2022. It requires the company to stop accepting new business or assets from Washington residents and not to resume money transmission in the state without approval, while allowing Washington residents to withdraw their digital assets.","source_ids":["src-038"],"entity_ids":["wrss","wa-dfi"],"qualification":"It is a temporary order based on the department's factual allegations; the retained records do not show a final order.","response":"","outcome":"","adverse_subject_ids":["wrss"]},"reading":"Fact: On 22 November 2022 the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions issued a temporary order to cease and desist (No. C-22-3487-22-TD01) under the Uniform Money Services Act against West Realm Shires Services, Inc., d/b/a FTX US (NMLS No. 1957771), a Delaware corporation and licensed money transmitter located in Chicago. The order alleges that as of 10 November 2022 the company had suspended payment of its obligations to customers and prevented transfers and withdrawals of their digital assets, and that it filed for Chapter 11 on 11 November 2022. It requires the company to stop accepting new business or assets from Washington residents and not to resume money transmission in the state without approval, while allowing Washington residents to withdraw their digital assets."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"c-reg-sofa-litigation","record":{"id":"c-reg-sofa-litigation","kind":"fact","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists 67 pending legal actions: an intellectual property dispute involving Bybit Fintech Limited before the Singapore High Court (HC/OC 320/2022) and 66 trademark disputes, mostly oppositions and cancellations concerning FTX marks in countries including Paraguay, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Japan, India, Brazil, Vietnam, New Zealand, Argentina and Taiwan, with parties such as Fastrax S.A., The Financial Times Limited, Türkiye Finans Katılım Bankası, Horiba, Swift Media Entertainment and Coinhub Group.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading"],"qualification":"Doc 2001 (filed 31 July 2023) un-redacts the debtors' schedules and statements; the count is of the rows listed under Question 7.","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Fact: FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs lists 67 pending legal actions: an intellectual property dispute involving Bybit Fintech Limited before the Singapore High Court (HC/OC 320/2022) and 66 trademark disputes, mostly oppositions and cancellations concerning FTX marks in countries including Paraguay, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Japan, India, Brazil, Vietnam, New Zealand, Argentina and Taiwan, with parties such as Fastrax S.A., The Financial Times Limited, Türkiye Finans Katılım Bankası, Horiba, Swift Media Entertainment and Coinhub Group."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3dbb00fb237ef3fdf297efc9","record":{"id":"display-claim-3dbb00fb237ef3fdf297efc9","kind":"analysis","text":"Sets out, entity by entity, which FTX company did what: FTX Trading Ltd. and its Bahamian, Swiss, Cypriot and Japanese subsidiaries, the holding company Paper Bird Inc., the Alameda companies and West Realm Shires. It follows customer money from the exchange's terms of service to Alameda's accounts and loans, the debtors' estimates of the shortfall and the transfers on and after the petition date, then the Chapter 11 case, the Bahamian liquidation of FTX Digital Markets, the Swiss and Cypriot proceedings, the civil and regulatory actions and the criminal cases. Each account keeps the parties' responses, consents without admission, pleas and outcomes beside it.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009","src-003","src-002","src-011","src-005","src-008","src-068","src-092","src-025","src-006","src-023","src-085","src-027","src-028","src-036","src-093","src-105","src-089","src-056","src-037","src-050","src-019","src-063","src-054","src-064","src-061","src-062","src-007","src-053","src-013","src-026","src-030"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","fdm","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","island-bay","ftx-ventures","john-ray","paper-bird","sec","caroline-ellison","ftx-japan","quoine-pte","ftx-eu","ftx-europe","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-products-sg","ftx-property","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","scb","cftc","north-dimension","brian-simms","peter-greaves","kevin-cambridge","lennox-paton","alameda-ltd","wrss","ftx-australia","doj","ftx-recovery-trust","maclaurin","ftx-emea","rushaine-cunningham"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-id-ibca","c-id-lei","c-id-form-d","c-id-addresses","c-id-headquarters","c-id-scale","c-str-silos","c-str-no-parent","c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-paper-bird","c-inv-rounds-sec","c-str-dotcom-composition","c-str-subs-2","c-fdm-incorporation","c-str-holder-lists","c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-cftc-2022","c-ala-8bn-liability","c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-cust-shortfall","c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-gov-omnibus","c-ch11-filing","c-fdm-global-settlement","c-cust-shortfall-settlement","c-ch11-plan","c-ch11-final-decree","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-id-ibc-strike-notice","c-id-ibc-status-open"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Sets out, entity by entity, which FTX company did what: FTX Trading Ltd. and its Bahamian, Swiss, Cypriot and Japanese subsidiaries, the holding company Paper Bird Inc., the Alameda companies and West Realm Shires. It follows customer money from the exchange's terms of service to Alameda's accounts and loans, the debtors' estimates of the shortfall and the transfers on and after the petition date, then the Chapter 11 case, the Bahamian liquidation of FTX Digital Markets, the Swiss and Cypriot proceedings, the civil and regulatory actions and the criminal cases. Each account keeps the parties' responses, consents without admission, pleas and outcomes beside it."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b5991e8f97e44b64a4955c73","record":{"id":"display-claim-b5991e8f97e44b64a4955c73","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading Ltd. is organized in Antigua and Barbuda and is the parent of what the Chapter 11 debtors call the Dotcom Silo. FTX.com, a digital asset exchange that was not open to U.S. users, was the trade name of its business; according to John J. Ray III, the debtors' chief executive, it was founded by Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh and began operating in May 2019. It was incorporated as an international business company under Antigua's International Business Corporations Act, with Bankman-Fried, Mr. Law and Ms. Chan as its first directors. GLEIF records it as FTX Trading Limited, number 17180 in the Antigua register, with LEI 894500686R5LFMX57208 (lapsed), and its Form D filed with the SEC in November 2021 under Central Index Key 0001876386 gives 2019 as its year of incorporation. GLEIF gives the entity's creation timestamp as 1 April 2019, 22:00 UTC, while a commercial screening dataset built partly on GLEIF data gives 2 April 2019 as the incorporation date.","source_ids":["src-001","src-009","src-003","src-002"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-id-ibca","c-id-lei","c-id-form-d"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading Ltd. is organized in Antigua and Barbuda and is the parent of what the Chapter 11 debtors call the Dotcom Silo. FTX.com, a digital asset exchange that was not open to U.S. users, was the trade name of its business; according to John J. Ray III, the debtors' chief executive, it was founded by Sam Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh and began operating in May 2019. It was incorporated as an international business company under Antigua's International Business Corporations Act, with Bankman-Fried, Mr. Law and Ms. Chan as its first directors. GLEIF records it as FTX Trading Limited, number 17180 in the Antigua register, with LEI 894500686R5LFMX57208 (lapsed), and its Form D filed with the SEC in November 2021 under Central Index Key 0001876386 gives 2019 as its year of incorporation. GLEIF gives the entity's creation timestamp as 1 April 2019, 22:00 UTC, while a commercial screening dataset built partly on GLEIF data gives 2 April 2019 as the incorporation date."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-676418e030dcacb7995530b8","record":{"id":"display-claim-676418e030dcacb7995530b8","kind":"analysis","text":"Its petition gives its principal place of business as Mandolin Place, Friars Hill Road, St. John's, Antigua; its statement of financial affairs lists earlier addresses at Lower Factory Road and Friar's Hill Road in St. John's (from March 2019), 2000 Center Street, Berkeley, California (from August 2019) and Seoul (dates unknown). FTX Digital Markets' liquidators say the international platform was first run by FTX Trading Ltd. from Hong Kong; the debtors say the headquarters moved to the Bahamas in September 2021, and their 2023 complaint gives Nassau as FTX Trading's principal place of business. By November 2022 FTX.com had more than seven million registered users, and FTX Trading's petition estimated, on a consolidated basis as of 31 December 2021, more than 100,000 creditors and assets and liabilities each between $10 billion and $50 billion.","source_ids":["src-011","src-005","src-008","src-068","src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-id-addresses","c-id-headquarters","c-id-scale"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Its petition gives its principal place of business as Mandolin Place, Friars Hill Road, St. John's, Antigua; its statement of financial affairs lists earlier addresses at Lower Factory Road and Friar's Hill Road in St. John's (from March 2019), 2000 Center Street, Berkeley, California (from August 2019) and Seoul (dates unknown). FTX Digital Markets' liquidators say the international platform was first run by FTX Trading Ltd. from Hong Kong; the debtors say the headquarters moved to the Bahamas in September 2021, and their 2023 complaint gives Nassau as FTX Trading's principal place of business. By November 2022 FTX.com had more than seven million registered users, and FTX Trading's petition estimated, on a consolidated basis as of 31 December 2021, more than 100,000 creditors and assets and liabilities each between $10 billion and $50 billion."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a97345d847cbb732c8c95ec3","record":{"id":"display-claim-a97345d847cbb732c8c95ec3","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors describe the group as four silos, WRS, Alameda, Ventures and Dotcom, all controlled by Bankman-Fried with minority stakes held by Wang and Singh, and without an ultimate parent company. About 75% of FTX Trading was held through Bankman-Fried's Paper Bird Inc. and about 25% by outside investors, some 600 of them according to Ray; the SEC's complaint against Ellison and Wang states that FTX Trading raised at least $1.8 billion from equity investors. The Dotcom Silo's debtors were organized around the world under FTX Trading, which the ownership statement lists as sole owner of FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and FTX Europe AG among others, and FTX Digital Markets' liquidators state that FTX Trading is also the sole shareholder of FTX Digital Markets in the Bahamas. Alameda Research LLC was a sister company, not a subsidiary, owned 90% by Bankman-Fried and 10% by Wang.","source_ids":["src-001","src-025","src-005","src-006","src-068","src-023","src-008","src-085"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","island-bay","ftx-ventures","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","john-ray","paper-bird","sec","caroline-ellison","ftx-japan","quoine-pte","ftx-eu","ftx-europe","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-products-sg","ftx-property","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","fdm","scb"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-silos","c-str-no-parent","c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-paper-bird","c-inv-rounds-sec","c-str-dotcom-composition","c-str-subs-2","c-fdm-incorporation","c-str-holder-lists"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors describe the group as four silos, WRS, Alameda, Ventures and Dotcom, all controlled by Bankman-Fried with minority stakes held by Wang and Singh, and without an ultimate parent company. About 75% of FTX Trading was held through Bankman-Fried's Paper Bird Inc. and about 25% by outside investors, some 600 of them according to Ray; the SEC's complaint against Ellison and Wang states that FTX Trading raised at least $1.8 billion from equity investors. The Dotcom Silo's debtors were organized around the world under FTX Trading, which the ownership statement lists as sole owner of FTX Japan Holdings K.K. and FTX Europe AG among others, and FTX Digital Markets' liquidators state that FTX Trading is also the sole shareholder of FTX Digital Markets in the Bahamas. Alameda Research LLC was a sister company, not a subsidiary, owned 90% by Bankman-Fried and 10% by Wang."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-fdbf04203ab660445b08ee74","record":{"id":"display-claim-fdbf04203ab660445b08ee74","kind":"analysis","text":"The CFTC's consent order, entered with FTX Trading's and Alameda's consent, finds that the two companies shared staff, offices, systems and accounts; that Alameda's FTX account had an \"Allow Negative\" flag and a $65 billion borrowing limit; that FTX customers' fiat was paid into Alameda-controlled accounts; and that Alameda used customer assets for its own trading and to meet its external debts; by about mid-2022 FTX's ledgers showed Alameda's dollar liability to FTX at about $8 billion, which FTX executives, at Bankman-Fried's direction, concealed by moving it into a customer account. The court found that the two companies made material misrepresentations to customers, presenting their assets as held in custody and segregated. The order was entered without a trial on the merits: the companies admitted its findings for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that they would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party.","source_ids":["src-027","src-028"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","cftc","north-dimension"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-cftc-2022","c-ala-8bn-liability","c-cust-cftc-misrep"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The CFTC's consent order, entered with FTX Trading's and Alameda's consent, finds that the two companies shared staff, offices, systems and accounts; that Alameda's FTX account had an \"Allow Negative\" flag and a $65 billion borrowing limit; that FTX customers' fiat was paid into Alameda-controlled accounts; and that Alameda used customer assets for its own trading and to meet its external debts; by about mid-2022 FTX's ledgers showed Alameda's dollar liability to FTX at about $8 billion, which FTX executives, at Bankman-Fried's direction, concealed by moving it into a customer account. The court found that the two companies made material misrepresentations to customers, presenting their assets as held in custody and segregated. The order was entered without a trial on the merits: the companies admitted its findings for the purpose of exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed that they would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, keeping the right to take other positions in proceedings to which the CFTC is not a party."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-130f427e85d712a279d28921","record":{"id":"display-claim-130f427e85d712a279d28921","kind":"analysis","text":"On the same limited admission, the consent order finds that by late on 7 November 2022 FTX could not meet withdrawals, which Bankman-Fried, Caroline Ellison and others acknowledged internally was because customer funds had been misappropriated. On or about that day Bankman-Fried had posted that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\" and that FTX could cover all client holdings, a statement the SEC's complaint calls false and misleading and which he later deleted. The debtors estimated in June 2023 that about $8.7 billion of customer assets had been misappropriated from FTX.com by the petition date; these are their estimates, made after they took control, and they changed as the analysis progressed. The CFTC's order requires FTX Trading and Alameda to pay $8.7 billion in restitution, to be satisfied through distributions under the Chapter 11 plan. On 10 November 2022 the Securities Commission of the Bahamas froze the assets of FTX Digital Markets, and Bankman-Fried signed an authority to appoint John J. Ray III as chief executive and Stephen Neal as chairman, a post the record does not show Neal took up; early on 11 November Bankman-Fried agreed to resign.","source_ids":["src-027","src-036","src-068","src-023","src-001","src-008","src-005"],"entity_ids":["cftc","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","sbf","caroline-ellison","fdm","scb","brian-simms","peter-greaves","kevin-cambridge","lennox-paton","john-ray","wrs","paper-bird","alameda-ltd","clifton-bay"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-cust-shortfall","c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-gov-omnibus"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On the same limited admission, the consent order finds that by late on 7 November 2022 FTX could not meet withdrawals, which Bankman-Fried, Caroline Ellison and others acknowledged internally was because customer funds had been misappropriated. On or about that day Bankman-Fried had posted that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\" and that FTX could cover all client holdings, a statement the SEC's complaint calls false and misleading and which he later deleted. The debtors estimated in June 2023 that about $8.7 billion of customer assets had been misappropriated from FTX.com by the petition date; these are their estimates, made after they took control, and they changed as the analysis progressed. The CFTC's order requires FTX Trading and Alameda to pay $8.7 billion in restitution, to be satisfied through distributions under the Chapter 11 plan. On 10 November 2022 the Securities Commission of the Bahamas froze the assets of FTX Digital Markets, and Bankman-Fried signed an authority to appoint John J. Ray III as chief executive and Stephen Neal as chairman, a post the record does not show Neal took up; early on 11 November Bankman-Fried agreed to resign."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-476dcb44807b280ee0f5a5c4","record":{"id":"display-claim-476dcb44807b280ee0f5a5c4","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliates filed for Chapter 11 in Delaware on 11 November 2022, and West Realm Shires Inc. on 14 November. In the case the debtors reached a global settlement with FTX Digital Markets' liquidators to pool assets and coordinate distributions, and a customer settlement giving FTX.com customers a shortfall claim estimated at about $8.9 billion. The plan was confirmed in October 2024, projecting $14.7 billion to $16.5 billion of distributable value and about 119% of allowed claims for most creditors; these are the debtors' projections at confirmation. It took effect on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust was set up, and in June 2025 the trust and the separate subsidiaries moved for a final decree closing the cases, with FTX Trading Ltd.'s lead case to remain open pending a further order; the proposed decree in the record does not show when it was entered. The CFTC's consent order also imposes $4 billion in disgorgement, and under a related settlement the CFTC subordinated its monetary claims to those of victims; FTX Trading and Alameda, by then under the debtors' management, consented to the order without a trial on the merits and on the limited admission described above.","source_ids":["src-005","src-008","src-009","src-001","src-093","src-105","src-089","src-056","src-068","src-037","src-050","src-027","src-028"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs","john-ray","fdm","wrss","ftx-australia","doj","ftx-recovery-trust","paper-bird","maclaurin","ftx-europe","ftx-emea","ftx-property","quoine-pte","island-bay","ftx-ventures","ftx-japan-holdings","cftc","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-filing","c-fdm-global-settlement","c-cust-shortfall-settlement","c-ch11-plan","c-ch11-final-decree","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliates filed for Chapter 11 in Delaware on 11 November 2022, and West Realm Shires Inc. on 14 November. In the case the debtors reached a global settlement with FTX Digital Markets' liquidators to pool assets and coordinate distributions, and a customer settlement giving FTX.com customers a shortfall claim estimated at about $8.9 billion. The plan was confirmed in October 2024, projecting $14.7 billion to $16.5 billion of distributable value and about 119% of allowed claims for most creditors; these are the debtors' projections at confirmation. It took effect on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust was set up, and in June 2025 the trust and the separate subsidiaries moved for a final decree closing the cases, with FTX Trading Ltd.'s lead case to remain open pending a further order; the proposed decree in the record does not show when it was entered. The CFTC's consent order also imposes $4 billion in disgorgement, and under a related settlement the CFTC subordinated its monetary claims to those of victims; FTX Trading and Alameda, by then under the debtors' management, consented to the order without a trial on the merits and on the limited admission described above."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-76fb843759746ad22220e604","record":{"id":"display-claim-76fb843759746ad22220e604","kind":"analysis","text":"Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty and contested the charges at trial, but was convicted on seven counts of fraud and conspiracy and sentenced on 28 March 2024 to 25 years in prison. According to docket entries from a public mirror of the court's docket, the Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment and issued its mandate on 4 August 2026, and his motion for a new trial was denied. Ellison, Wang and Singh pleaded guilty; in December 2025 the SEC filed proposed final judgments to which they consented without denying its allegations, with injunctions and officer-and-director bars, subject to court approval, and the record does not show when they were entered. In May 2026 Antigua's financial regulator listed FTX Trading Ltd. among companies it intended to strike from the register unless outstanding requirements were met by 5 August 2026; later gazettes retained in the record do not mention it, so its register status after that date is unresolved.","source_ids":["src-019","src-063","src-054","src-064","src-061","src-009","src-062","src-007","src-053","src-013","src-026","src-030"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-ltd","doj","nishad-singh","gary-wang","caroline-ellison","sec","alameda-llc","rushaine-cunningham"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-id-ibc-strike-notice","c-id-ibc-status-open"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty and contested the charges at trial, but was convicted on seven counts of fraud and conspiracy and sentenced on 28 March 2024 to 25 years in prison. According to docket entries from a public mirror of the court's docket, the Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment and issued its mandate on 4 August 2026, and his motion for a new trial was denied. Ellison, Wang and Singh pleaded guilty; in December 2025 the SEC filed proposed final judgments to which they consented without denying its allegations, with injunctions and officer-and-director bars, subject to court approval, and the record does not show when they were entered. In May 2026 Antigua's financial regulator listed FTX Trading Ltd. among companies it intended to strike from the register unless outstanding requirements were met by 5 August 2026; later gazettes retained in the record do not mention it, so its register status after that date is unresolved."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-6ea570c6ce741ae6b01beb4a","record":{"id":"display-claim-6ea570c6ce741ae6b01beb4a","kind":"analysis","text":"In his first-day declaration of 17 November 2022, John J. Ray III, chief executive of the debtors, described the FTX Group as four groups of businesses he called silos: the WRS Silo around West Realm Shires Inc. and FTX US; the Alameda Silo around Alameda Research LLC; the Ventures Silo of Clifton Bay Investments LLC, Island Bay Ventures Inc., FTX Ventures Ltd and related companies; and the Dotcom Silo of FTX Trading Ltd. and its subsidiaries, which ran FTX.com and similar exchanges outside the United States. Each silo, Ray stated, was controlled by Sam Bankman-Fried; Gary Wang and Nishad Singh held minority stakes, and the WRS and Dotcom silos also had outside equity investors, none of whom apart from the co-founders held more than 2% of any silo. The debtors' first-day timeline dates the founding of the Dotcom Silo by Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh to April 2019.","source_ids":["src-001","src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","island-bay","ftx-ventures","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","john-ray"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-silos","c-str-founding"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In his first-day declaration of 17 November 2022, John J. Ray III, chief executive of the debtors, described the FTX Group as four groups of businesses he called silos: the WRS Silo around West Realm Shires Inc. and FTX US; the Alameda Silo around Alameda Research LLC; the Ventures Silo of Clifton Bay Investments LLC, Island Bay Ventures Inc., FTX Ventures Ltd and related companies; and the Dotcom Silo of FTX Trading Ltd. and its subsidiaries, which ran FTX.com and similar exchanges outside the United States. Each silo, Ray stated, was controlled by Sam Bankman-Fried; Gary Wang and Nishad Singh held minority stakes, and the WRS and Dotcom silos also had outside equity investors, none of whom apart from the co-founders held more than 2% of any silo. The debtors' first-day timeline dates the founding of the Dotcom Silo by Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh to April 2019."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f27d8e7220df59136f0826df","record":{"id":"display-claim-f27d8e7220df59136f0826df","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first interim report on control failures (9 April 2023) adds that the group had no ultimate parent company able to direct its subsidiaries. It was a web of parallel corporate chains with various owners and interests, all under Bankman-Fried's ultimate control, and no comprehensive organizational chart of the group existed before the end of 2021.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-no-parent"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first interim report on control failures (9 April 2023) adds that the group had no ultimate parent company able to direct its subsidiaries. It was a web of parallel corporate chains with various owners and interests, all under Bankman-Fried's ultimate control, and no comprehensive organizational chart of the group existed before the end of 2021."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a24414b532ebd6ab888625d8","record":{"id":"display-claim-a24414b532ebd6ab888625d8","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray put Bankman-Fried's holdings at about 53% of West Realm Shires Inc., 90% of Alameda Research LLC and 67% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC directly, and about 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. indirectly; the remaining quarter of FTX Trading was held by a dispersed group of about 600 outside investors, and FTX Trading and West Realm Shires were the only debtors with third-party equity. The debtors' presentation for the first-day hearing charts the silos for recovery purposes: Bankman-Fried with 52.99% of the WRS Silo (Wang 16.93%, Singh 7.83%, outside investors 22.25%), 90% of the Alameda Silo (Wang 10%), 100% of the Ventures Silo, noting that some Ventures entities may have interests held by Wang and Singh, and 75% of the Dotcom Silo (outside investors 25%). The same chart names the independent directors appointed after the filing: Mitchell Sonkin (WRS Silo), Matt Rosenberg (Alameda Silo), Rishi Jain (Ventures Silo) and Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny (Dotcom Silo).","source_ids":["src-001","src-012"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","gary-wang","nishad-singh","mitchell-sonkin","matt-rosenberg","rishi-jain","joseph-farnan","matt-doheny"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-silo-chart"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray put Bankman-Fried's holdings at about 53% of West Realm Shires Inc., 90% of Alameda Research LLC and 67% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC directly, and about 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. indirectly; the remaining quarter of FTX Trading was held by a dispersed group of about 600 outside investors, and FTX Trading and West Realm Shires were the only debtors with third-party equity. The debtors' presentation for the first-day hearing charts the silos for recovery purposes: Bankman-Fried with 52.99% of the WRS Silo (Wang 16.93%, Singh 7.83%, outside investors 22.25%), 90% of the Alameda Silo (Wang 10%), 100% of the Ventures Silo, noting that some Ventures entities may have interests held by Wang and Singh, and 75% of the Dotcom Silo (outside investors 25%). The same chart names the independent directors appointed after the filing: Mitchell Sonkin (WRS Silo), Matt Rosenberg (Alameda Silo), Rishi Jain (Ventures Silo) and Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny (Dotcom Silo)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c9247bdf74002122891c37b8","record":{"id":"display-claim-c9247bdf74002122891c37b8","kind":"analysis","text":"The corporate ownership statement filed with the petitions on 11 November 2022 states that about 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. was owned by Paper Bird Inc. and about 25% by outside investors, with no corporation identified as owning 10% or more of Paper Bird. Paper Bird's equity holder list shows Bankman-Fried holding all 1,000 of its common shares, and the disclosure statement describes Paper Bird, a debtor in the Ventures Silo, as the holding entity for Bankman-Fried's shares in FTX Trading Ltd. Other debtor filings give different figures: about 80% in the debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 and 86% in a filing of 11 December 2023, while FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs names Paper Bird as controlling shareholder with 75.00%. The filings do not explain the differences, and none reconciles them with the holdings of the other founders: FTX Trading's own equity holder list shows Nishad Singh with 44,000,000 common shares.","source_ids":["src-005","src-006","src-068","src-092","src-009","src-011"],"entity_ids":["paper-bird","ftx-trading","sbf","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-paper-bird","c-str-paper-bird-figures","c-inv-singh-holder"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The corporate ownership statement filed with the petitions on 11 November 2022 states that about 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. was owned by Paper Bird Inc. and about 25% by outside investors, with no corporation identified as owning 10% or more of Paper Bird. Paper Bird's equity holder list shows Bankman-Fried holding all 1,000 of its common shares, and the disclosure statement describes Paper Bird, a debtor in the Ventures Silo, as the holding entity for Bankman-Fried's shares in FTX Trading Ltd. Other debtor filings give different figures: about 80% in the debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 and 86% in a filing of 11 December 2023, while FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs names Paper Bird as controlling shareholder with 75.00%. The filings do not explain the differences, and none reconciles them with the holdings of the other founders: FTX Trading's own equity holder list shows Nishad Singh with 44,000,000 common shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3590c03a29abfbb12bd34ed7","record":{"id":"display-claim-3590c03a29abfbb12bd34ed7","kind":"analysis","text":"Alameda Research LLC sat outside FTX Trading's chain: the ownership statement identifies no corporate owner of 10% or more of it and lists it as owner of Alameda Research Ltd, North Dimension Inc and North Wireless Dimension Inc, with Alameda Research Ltd in turn owning Euclid Way Ltd and Maclaurin Investments Ltd. The equity holder lists of 9 January 2023 show Bankman-Fried with 90% and Wang with 10% of Alameda Research LLC, and Bankman-Fried with 67%, Wang 23% and Singh 10% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC, formerly Alameda Research Ventures LLC. In the WRS Silo, West Realm Shires Inc. owned West Realm Shires Services Inc. (FTX US) and West Realm Shires Financial Services Inc.","source_ids":["src-005","src-006","src-001","src-085"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","north-dimension","north-wireless","euclid-way","maclaurin","ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","nishad-singh","clifton-bay","wrs","wrss","wrsfs"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-alameda-chain","c-str-holder-lists","c-str-wrs-chain"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Alameda Research LLC sat outside FTX Trading's chain: the ownership statement identifies no corporate owner of 10% or more of it and lists it as owner of Alameda Research Ltd, North Dimension Inc and North Wireless Dimension Inc, with Alameda Research Ltd in turn owning Euclid Way Ltd and Maclaurin Investments Ltd. The equity holder lists of 9 January 2023 show Bankman-Fried with 90% and Wang with 10% of Alameda Research LLC, and Bankman-Fried with 67%, Wang 23% and Singh 10% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC, formerly Alameda Research Ventures LLC. In the WRS Silo, West Realm Shires Inc. owned West Realm Shires Services Inc. (FTX US) and West Realm Shires Financial Services Inc."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-2fa0dfbefce3805ea4f247f6","record":{"id":"display-claim-2fa0dfbefce3805ea4f247f6","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray's declaration says the Dotcom Silo debtors were organized in jurisdictions around the world under the Antigua-organized parent FTX Trading Ltd. and that they also owned more than a dozen non-debtor companies; the disclosure statement adds that the silo included the exchanges run by FTX Japan K.K. and Quoine Pte Ltd and the investment firm FTX EU Ltd. The ownership statement lists 31 companies as wholly owned by FTX Trading Ltd. itself: Allston Way Ltd, Analisya Pte Ltd, Bancroft Way Ltd, Blockfolio Holdings, Inc., Crypto Bahamas LLC, Deep Creek Ltd, FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd, FTX Canada Inc, FTX Crypto Services Ltd., FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX EMEA Ltd., FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd., FTX Europe AG, FTX Hong Kong Ltd, FTX Japan Holdings K.K., FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX Property Holdings Ltd, FTX Services Solutions Ltd., FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Turkey Teknoloji ve Ticaret A.Ş., FTX Zuma Ltd, GG Trading Terminal Ltd, Global Compass Dynamics Ltd., Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd, Innovatia Ltd., Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd, LT Baskets Ltd., Mangrove Cay Ltd, Technology Services Bahamas Limited, West Innovative Barista Ltd. and Western Concord Enterprises Ltd.","source_ids":["src-001","src-068","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-japan","quoine-pte","ftx-eu","allston-way","analisya","bancroft-way","blockfolio-holdings","crypto-bahamas","deep-creek","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-canada","ftx-crypto-services","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","ftx-emea","ftx-equity-record","ftx-europe","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-products-sg","ftx-property","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","global-compass","hive-empire","innovatia","liquid-securities-sg","lt-baskets","mangrove-cay","tsb","west-innovative-barista","western-concord"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-dotcom-composition","c-str-subs-1","c-str-subs-2","c-str-subs-3"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray's declaration says the Dotcom Silo debtors were organized in jurisdictions around the world under the Antigua-organized parent FTX Trading Ltd. and that they also owned more than a dozen non-debtor companies; the disclosure statement adds that the silo included the exchanges run by FTX Japan K.K. and Quoine Pte Ltd and the investment firm FTX EU Ltd. The ownership statement lists 31 companies as wholly owned by FTX Trading Ltd. itself: Allston Way Ltd, Analisya Pte Ltd, Bancroft Way Ltd, Blockfolio Holdings, Inc., Crypto Bahamas LLC, Deep Creek Ltd, FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd, FTX Canada Inc, FTX Crypto Services Ltd., FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX EMEA Ltd., FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd., FTX Europe AG, FTX Hong Kong Ltd, FTX Japan Holdings K.K., FTX Products (Singapore) Pte Ltd, FTX Property Holdings Ltd, FTX Services Solutions Ltd., FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Turkey Teknoloji ve Ticaret A.Ş., FTX Zuma Ltd, GG Trading Terminal Ltd, Global Compass Dynamics Ltd., Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd, Innovatia Ltd., Liquid Securities Singapore Pte Ltd, LT Baskets Ltd., Mangrove Cay Ltd, Technology Services Bahamas Limited, West Innovative Barista Ltd. and Western Concord Enterprises Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-723bf3a64db208ec905f363e","record":{"id":"display-claim-723bf3a64db208ec905f363e","kind":"analysis","text":"Below them, FTX Japan Holdings K.K. owned FTX Japan K.K., FTX Japan Services KK and Quoine Pte Ltd and about half of Liquid Financial USA Inc., which owned LiquidEX LLC; FTX Japan K.K. owned Quoine India Pte Ltd and Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd. FTX Europe AG owned FTX Structured Products AG, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, K-DNA Financial Services Ltd (later FTX EU Ltd), FTX Exchange FZE, DAAG Trading, DMCC, Altalix Ltd and Tigetwit Ltd, and about 10% of CM-Equity AG. The statement also lists BTC Africa S.A. as wholly owned by FTX Europe AG, a listing that AZA Finance, which counts BTC Africa among its own entities, says was made in error; the record leaves the ownership unresolved. Innovatia Ltd. owned Zubr Exchange Ltd, and FTX Canada Inc owned Bitvo, Inc. Outside FTX Trading's own chain, Paper Bird owned all of FTX Ventures Ltd and of Island Bay Ventures Inc., which the debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 against SkyBridge describes as a Delaware entity entirely owned by Paper Bird, itself wholly owned by Bankman-Fried.","source_ids":["src-005","src-081","src-109","src-085"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-services","quoine-pte","liquid-financial-usa","liquidex","quoine-india","quoine-vietnam","ftx-europe","ftx-structured-products","ftx-switzerland","ftx-certificates","ftx-eu","ftx-exchange-fze","daag-trading","altalix","tigetwit","btc-africa","cm-equity","elizabeth-rossiello","aza-finance","innovatia","zubr","ftx-canada","bitvo","paper-bird","ftx-ventures","island-bay","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier","c-str-europe-tier","c-sub-btc-africa","c-str-other-tier"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Below them, FTX Japan Holdings K.K. owned FTX Japan K.K., FTX Japan Services KK and Quoine Pte Ltd and about half of Liquid Financial USA Inc., which owned LiquidEX LLC; FTX Japan K.K. owned Quoine India Pte Ltd and Quoine Vietnam Co. Ltd. FTX Europe AG owned FTX Structured Products AG, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, K-DNA Financial Services Ltd (later FTX EU Ltd), FTX Exchange FZE, DAAG Trading, DMCC, Altalix Ltd and Tigetwit Ltd, and about 10% of CM-Equity AG. The statement also lists BTC Africa S.A. as wholly owned by FTX Europe AG, a listing that AZA Finance, which counts BTC Africa among its own entities, says was made in error; the record leaves the ownership unresolved. Innovatia Ltd. owned Zubr Exchange Ltd, and FTX Canada Inc owned Bitvo, Inc. Outside FTX Trading's own chain, Paper Bird owned all of FTX Ventures Ltd and of Island Bay Ventures Inc., which the debtors' complaint of 8 November 2024 against SkyBridge describes as a Delaware entity entirely owned by Paper Bird, itself wholly owned by Bankman-Fried."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-da6620ce80ab88503f3d82ab","record":{"id":"display-claim-da6620ce80ab88503f3d82ab","kind":"analysis","text":"Several holdings are recorded differently in different filings. Ray's declaration says FTX Trading Ltd. acquired 51% of Blockfolio, Inc. in 2020, while the ownership statement routes about 52% through Blockfolio Holdings, Inc. and Blockfolio's own holder list shows FTX Trading holding 14,101,493 common shares directly. The ownership statement lists FTX Turkey as wholly owned, but its holder list shows FTX Trading with 80% and an individual with 20%. FTX Zuma Ltd's holder list shows FTX Trading Ltd. with 9,999,999 shares and Bankman-Fried with one. FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs also lists an interest in PT Triniti Investama Berkat in Jakarta, a trading vehicle since 20 May 2021, which a footnote in the debtors' November 2022 chart appears, from the chart's layout, to mark as 99% held by FTX Trading Ltd.","source_ids":["src-001","src-005","src-006","src-011","src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","blockfolio","blockfolio-holdings","ftx-equity-record","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","sbf","pt-triniti"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-blockfolio","c-str-turkey","c-str-zuma","c-str-pt-triniti"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Several holdings are recorded differently in different filings. Ray's declaration says FTX Trading Ltd. acquired 51% of Blockfolio, Inc. in 2020, while the ownership statement routes about 52% through Blockfolio Holdings, Inc. and Blockfolio's own holder list shows FTX Trading holding 14,101,493 common shares directly. The ownership statement lists FTX Turkey as wholly owned, but its holder list shows FTX Trading with 80% and an individual with 20%. FTX Zuma Ltd's holder list shows FTX Trading Ltd. with 9,999,999 shares and Bankman-Fried with one. FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs also lists an interest in PT Triniti Investama Berkat in Jakarta, a trading vehicle since 20 May 2021, which a footnote in the debtors' November 2022 chart appears, from the chart's layout, to mark as 99% held by FTX Trading Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-7f1333e3b2012529b25b1544","record":{"id":"display-claim-7f1333e3b2012529b25b1544","kind":"analysis","text":"A list of the FTX debtors filed on 8 October 2026 gives their places of organization. FTX Trading Ltd. and eight of its subsidiaries (Allston Way, Bancroft Way, Deep Creek, Global Compass Dynamics, LT Baskets, Mangrove Cay, West Innovative Barista and Western Concord Enterprises) are Antigua and Barbuda companies; FTX Property Holdings Ltd. and Technology Services Bahamas Limited are Bahamian; FTX Services Solutions Ltd. is in the British Virgin Islands and FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd. in Seychelles; FTX EMEA Ltd. and FTX EU Ltd. are Cypriot; FTX Europe AG is Swiss; and the list continues with Hong Kong (FTX Hong Kong Ltd.), Japan (FTX Japan Holdings K.K.), Singapore (FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd. and Quoine Pte Ltd.), Gibraltar, Canada, Nigeria (FTX Zuma Ltd.), Ireland (GG Trading Terminal Ltd.), Australia (Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd.) and Delaware (Blockfolio, Inc. and Crypto Bahamas LLC).","source_ids":["src-101"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","allston-way","bancroft-way","deep-creek","global-compass","lt-baskets","mangrove-cay","west-innovative-barista","western-concord","ftx-property","tsb","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-equity-record","ftx-emea","ftx-eu","ftx-europe","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","quoine-pte","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-canada","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","hive-empire","blockfolio","crypto-bahamas"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-jur-dotcom"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: A list of the FTX debtors filed on 8 October 2026 gives their places of organization. FTX Trading Ltd. and eight of its subsidiaries (Allston Way, Bancroft Way, Deep Creek, Global Compass Dynamics, LT Baskets, Mangrove Cay, West Innovative Barista and Western Concord Enterprises) are Antigua and Barbuda companies; FTX Property Holdings Ltd. and Technology Services Bahamas Limited are Bahamian; FTX Services Solutions Ltd. is in the British Virgin Islands and FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd. in Seychelles; FTX EMEA Ltd. and FTX EU Ltd. are Cypriot; FTX Europe AG is Swiss; and the list continues with Hong Kong (FTX Hong Kong Ltd.), Japan (FTX Japan Holdings K.K.), Singapore (FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte Ltd. and Quoine Pte Ltd.), Gibraltar, Canada, Nigeria (FTX Zuma Ltd.), Ireland (GG Trading Terminal Ltd.), Australia (Hive Empire Trading Pty Ltd.) and Delaware (Blockfolio, Inc. and Crypto Bahamas LLC)."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a82dad3d0c58294b288b1839","record":{"id":"display-claim-a82dad3d0c58294b288b1839","kind":"analysis","text":"The same exhibit, attached to the FTX Group's proof of claim of 31 October 2024 against Silvergate Capital Corporation, places the companies of the other silos in Delaware (Paper Bird, the three West Realm Shires companies, Alameda Research LLC, Clifton Bay Investments, Island Bay Ventures, North Dimension Inc. and North Wireless Dimension Inc.), the British Virgin Islands (Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Ventures Ltd.), Seychelles (Maclaurin Investments Ltd.) and Antigua and Barbuda (Euclid Way Ltd.). FTX Ventures Ltd, a British Virgin Islands company with registration number 2089169, was still a debtor when John J. Ray III signed a share purchase agreement for it as seller in January 2024; a venture-data profile describes it as an inactive or dissolved fund-management vehicle founded by Bankman-Fried and affiliated with Paper Bird.","source_ids":["src-101","src-098","src-116"],"entity_ids":["paper-bird","wrs","wrss","wrsfs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","island-bay","north-dimension","north-wireless","alameda-ltd","ftx-ventures","maclaurin","euclid-way","john-ray","sbf","dave-inc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-jur-other","c-sub-ftx-ventures"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The same exhibit, attached to the FTX Group's proof of claim of 31 October 2024 against Silvergate Capital Corporation, places the companies of the other silos in Delaware (Paper Bird, the three West Realm Shires companies, Alameda Research LLC, Clifton Bay Investments, Island Bay Ventures, North Dimension Inc. and North Wireless Dimension Inc.), the British Virgin Islands (Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Ventures Ltd.), Seychelles (Maclaurin Investments Ltd.) and Antigua and Barbuda (Euclid Way Ltd.). FTX Ventures Ltd, a British Virgin Islands company with registration number 2089169, was still a debtor when John J. Ray III signed a share purchase agreement for it as seller in January 2024; a venture-data profile describes it as an inactive or dissolved fund-management vehicle founded by Bankman-Fried and affiliated with Paper Bird."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-ac8fd79869d13e72bcb519ba","record":{"id":"display-claim-ac8fd79869d13e72bcb519ba","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs describes eleven of its companies as dormant: the eight Antigua companies listed above, FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd, FTX Hong Kong Ltd and Technology Services Bahamas Limited (Marsh Harbour, Abaco). It gives the business of the others: Blockfolio Holdings (holding company), Crypto Bahamas LLC (conferences and events in the Bahamas), FTX Australia Pty Ltd (an ASIC-licensed derivatives and market-making firm), FTX Canada Inc (holding company for Canada), FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) (digital payment token services), FTX Digital Markets Ltd (software platform and marketplace, New Providence), FTX EMEA Ltd. (intermediate holding company in Limassol), FTX Equity Record Holdings (investment holding), FTX Europe AG (financial instrument structuring), FTX Japan Holdings (holding company) and FTX Japan Services (employment), FTX Malta Holdings (holding company), FTX Products (Singapore) (a digital token trading platform), FTX Property Holdings (real estate, Nassau), FTX Services Solutions (employment, Tortola), FTX Turkey (trading vehicle, Istanbul), FTX Zuma (local marketing, Lagos), GG Trading Terminal (new market development, Dublin) and Innovatia (systems design and consulting). The dates the statement gives are those of FTX Trading's interest in each business, not necessarily incorporation dates, and for several companies they differ from register data.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","allston-way","bancroft-way","deep-creek","global-compass","lt-baskets","mangrove-cay","west-innovative-barista","western-concord","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-hong-kong","tsb","blockfolio-holdings","crypto-bahamas","ftx-australia","ftx-canada","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","fdm","ftx-emea","ftx-equity-record","ftx-europe","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan-services","ftx-malta","ftx-products-sg","ftx-property","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-turkey","ftx-zuma","gg-trading","innovatia"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-sofa-dormant","c-sub-sofa-operating"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs describes eleven of its companies as dormant: the eight Antigua companies listed above, FTX (Gibraltar) Ltd, FTX Hong Kong Ltd and Technology Services Bahamas Limited (Marsh Harbour, Abaco). It gives the business of the others: Blockfolio Holdings (holding company), Crypto Bahamas LLC (conferences and events in the Bahamas), FTX Australia Pty Ltd (an ASIC-licensed derivatives and market-making firm), FTX Canada Inc (holding company for Canada), FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) (digital payment token services), FTX Digital Markets Ltd (software platform and marketplace, New Providence), FTX EMEA Ltd. (intermediate holding company in Limassol), FTX Equity Record Holdings (investment holding), FTX Europe AG (financial instrument structuring), FTX Japan Holdings (holding company) and FTX Japan Services (employment), FTX Malta Holdings (holding company), FTX Products (Singapore) (a digital token trading platform), FTX Property Holdings (real estate, Nassau), FTX Services Solutions (employment, Tortola), FTX Turkey (trading vehicle, Istanbul), FTX Zuma (local marketing, Lagos), GG Trading Terminal (new market development, Dublin) and Innovatia (systems design and consulting). The dates the statement gives are those of FTX Trading's interest in each business, not necessarily incorporation dates, and for several companies they differ from register data."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d2ab5c0cfd3ac3747b80b4ae","record":{"id":"display-claim-d2ab5c0cfd3ac3747b80b4ae","kind":"analysis","text":"In September 2021 a Gibraltar law firm announced that it had advised FTX Trading Limited on buying the Zubr group, that Zubr Exchange Limited had obtained the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission's approval as a distributed ledger technology provider, and that one of its partners, Aaron Payas, had joined Zubr Exchange's board as a non-executive director. An article by another Gibraltar law firm described ZUBR Exchange as a regulated digital asset derivatives exchange whose sole registered shareholder was the Cypriot company Innovatia Limited. On 29 December 2022 the Commission cancelled ZUBR's permission to conduct regulated activities; it said ZUBR had no customers at the time. Zubr Exchange's own Chapter 11 case was dismissed at the debtors' request on 13 November 2023.","source_ids":["src-076","src-044","src-077","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","zubr","innovatia","aaron-payas","gfsc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-zubr","c-sub-zubr-gfsc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In September 2021 a Gibraltar law firm announced that it had advised FTX Trading Limited on buying the Zubr group, that Zubr Exchange Limited had obtained the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission's approval as a distributed ledger technology provider, and that one of its partners, Aaron Payas, had joined Zubr Exchange's board as a non-executive director. An article by another Gibraltar law firm described ZUBR Exchange as a regulated digital asset derivatives exchange whose sole registered shareholder was the Cypriot company Innovatia Limited. On 29 December 2022 the Commission cancelled ZUBR's permission to conduct regulated activities; it said ZUBR had no customers at the time. Zubr Exchange's own Chapter 11 case was dismissed at the debtors' request on 13 November 2023."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-74c649f538a7ee15c221139b","record":{"id":"display-claim-74c649f538a7ee15c221139b","kind":"analysis","text":"That firm's article also reported that FTX (Gibraltar) Limited had a single shareholder, FTX Trading Limited, and a single registered director, Bankman-Fried, who was also a director of ZUBR. Register data give it company number 121225 and an incorporation date of 3 June 2021, record a notice of 16 February 2023 that it had no authority to use its registered address, and show it struck off and dissolved on 2 May 2025. FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs dates its interest in the dormant company from 21 February 2020, earlier than the register's incorporation date.","source_ids":["src-044","src-039"],"entity_ids":["ftx-gibraltar","ftx-trading","sbf","zubr"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-gibraltar"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: That firm's article also reported that FTX (Gibraltar) Limited had a single shareholder, FTX Trading Limited, and a single registered director, Bankman-Fried, who was also a director of ZUBR. Register data give it company number 121225 and an incorporation date of 3 June 2021, record a notice of 16 February 2023 that it had no authority to use its registered address, and show it struck off and dissolved on 2 May 2025. FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs dates its interest in the dormant company from 21 February 2020, earlier than the register's incorporation date."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-233847ca6c359f77d39e2769","record":{"id":"display-claim-233847ca6c359f77d39e2769","kind":"analysis","text":"Singapore register data show FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (incorporated 24 August 2021, paid-up capital USD 2,250,000) still live, with claims.ftx.com as its website, while FTX Products (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., formerly Jondal Partners, and Analisya Pte. Ltd. went through members' voluntary winding-up and are recorded as dissolved, FTX Products by March 2026. In Cyprus, Innovatia Ltd (registered 2016) and FTX Emea Ltd. (formerly Wickerby Ltd., registered 2022 and in liquidation since 12 January 2026) share an address in Nicosia; FTX Crypto Services Limited is also registered in Cyprus (HE 435708). The same register data list Kurt Steven Knipp as a director of Innovatia, FTX Crypto Services and FTX Emea, A.T.S. Services Limited as Innovatia's secretary and, in another data network, Knipp and Jurg Bavaud as former directors of FTX Emea.","source_ids":["src-071","src-114","src-083","src-113","src-018","src-115","src-090","src-074"],"entity_ids":["ftx-digital-holdings-sg","ftx-products-sg","analisya","innovatia","ftx-emea","ftx-crypto-services","kurt-knipp","jurg-bavaud","ats-services"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-singapore","c-sub-cyprus"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Singapore register data show FTX Digital Holdings (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (incorporated 24 August 2021, paid-up capital USD 2,250,000) still live, with claims.ftx.com as its website, while FTX Products (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., formerly Jondal Partners, and Analisya Pte. Ltd. went through members' voluntary winding-up and are recorded as dissolved, FTX Products by March 2026. In Cyprus, Innovatia Ltd (registered 2016) and FTX Emea Ltd. (formerly Wickerby Ltd., registered 2022 and in liquidation since 12 January 2026) share an address in Nicosia; FTX Crypto Services Limited is also registered in Cyprus (HE 435708). The same register data list Kurt Steven Knipp as a director of Innovatia, FTX Crypto Services and FTX Emea, A.T.S. Services Limited as Innovatia's secretary and, in another data network, Knipp and Jurg Bavaud as former directors of FTX Emea."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-df79480619bd01513afabef0","record":{"id":"display-claim-df79480619bd01513afabef0","kind":"analysis","text":"GLEIF records FTX Australia Pty Ltd (LEI 5493003XQMG50N1JVU05) as the only direct child entity of FTX Trading Limited reported in the LEI system; the child's registration has lapsed. FTX Canada Inc, an Alberta corporation listed in the debtors' ownership statement as owner of Bitvo, Inc., was incorporated on 10 June 2022 according to the Alberta register and struck off and dissolved on 15 August 2025; FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs dates its interest in the Canadian holding company from 22 May 2018, before that incorporation date. In Seychelles, FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd. was struck off the register on dissolution with effect from 17 September 2026.","source_ids":["src-004","src-043","src-005","src-072"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-australia","ftx-canada","bitvo","ftx-equity-record"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-australia-gleif","c-sub-canada","c-sub-equity-record"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: GLEIF records FTX Australia Pty Ltd (LEI 5493003XQMG50N1JVU05) as the only direct child entity of FTX Trading Limited reported in the LEI system; the child's registration has lapsed. FTX Canada Inc, an Alberta corporation listed in the debtors' ownership statement as owner of Bitvo, Inc., was incorporated on 10 June 2022 according to the Alberta register and struck off and dissolved on 15 August 2025; FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs dates its interest in the Canadian holding company from 22 May 2018, before that incorporation date. In Seychelles, FTX Equity Record Holdings Ltd. was struck off the register on dissolution with effect from 17 September 2026."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1311a63d881df66a7c6df073","record":{"id":"display-claim-1311a63d881df66a7c6df073","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' ownership statement lists BTC Africa S.A. as wholly owned by FTX Europe AG. A company-data profile identifies BTC Africa S.A., also known as BitPesa, as a Luxembourg company founded by Elizabeth Rossiello, without naming an owner. On the day of the FTX filings AZA Finance, whose chief executive is Rossiello, said that neither FTX nor any associated entity owned or controlled AZA Finance or its entities, including BTC Africa, that its entities were not part of the FTX bankruptcy and had been listed in error, and that FTX Africa had been a customer of AZA Finance. No share register or purchase agreement for BTC Africa was retained, so whether FTX Europe AG owned it remains unresolved in the record.","source_ids":["src-005","src-081","src-109"],"entity_ids":["btc-africa","ftx-europe","elizabeth-rossiello","aza-finance"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-sub-btc-africa"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' ownership statement lists BTC Africa S.A. as wholly owned by FTX Europe AG. A company-data profile identifies BTC Africa S.A., also known as BitPesa, as a Luxembourg company founded by Elizabeth Rossiello, without naming an owner. On the day of the FTX filings AZA Finance, whose chief executive is Rossiello, said that neither FTX nor any associated entity owned or controlled AZA Finance or its entities, including BTC Africa, that its entities were not part of the FTX bankruptcy and had been listed in error, and that FTX Africa had been a customer of AZA Finance. No share register or purchase agreement for BTC Africa was retained, so whether FTX Europe AG owned it remains unresolved in the record."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b9fd9b8e90b2b26aa043e5f2","record":{"id":"display-claim-b9fd9b8e90b2b26aa043e5f2","kind":"analysis","text":"The SEC's complaint against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang (21 December 2022) states that FTX Trading Ltd. raised at least $1.8 billion from equity investors: about $8 million of Series A preferred stock (completed around August 2019), about $1 billion of Series B preferred (around July 2021), about $420 million of Series B-1 (around October 2021) and about $500 million of Series C (around January 2022); about $1.1 billion came from roughly 90 investors based in the United States. FTX Trading's own Form D of 2 November 2021 reported an offering under Rule 506(b) with a first sale on 18 October 2021, a total of $415,341,812, all sold, and 85 investors.","source_ids":["src-023","src-002"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sec","caroline-ellison","gary-wang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-inv-rounds-sec","c-inv-form-d"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The SEC's complaint against Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang (21 December 2022) states that FTX Trading Ltd. raised at least $1.8 billion from equity investors: about $8 million of Series A preferred stock (completed around August 2019), about $1 billion of Series B preferred (around July 2021), about $420 million of Series B-1 (around October 2021) and about $500 million of Series C (around January 2022); about $1.1 billion came from roughly 90 investors based in the United States. FTX Trading's own Form D of 2 November 2021 reported an offering under Rule 506(b) with a first sale on 18 October 2021, a total of $415,341,812, all sold, and 85 investors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-350da2a0c014d356d4828ae6","record":{"id":"display-claim-350da2a0c014d356d4828ae6","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first-day presentation charts the group's financing from November 2019 to January 2022: a Series A in which Binance entered a strategic partnership and invested, followed by Binance's divestment of its whole stake; a Series B of $1 billion (investors including Sequoia, Paradigm and Thoma Bravo); a Series B-1 of $420 million (including the Ontario Teachers' pension plan, Tiger Global and BlackRock); a Series C of $500 million (including Paradigm, SoftBank and Temasek); and a separate $400 million Series A (including Multicoin, Paradigm and Sequoia). The chart's text does not show which rounds belonged to FTX Trading Ltd. and which to West Realm Shires Inc.; the $1 billion, $420 million and $500 million rounds match those the SEC attributes to FTX Trading Ltd.","source_ids":["src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","binance","wrs"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-inv-rounds-debtors"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first-day presentation charts the group's financing from November 2019 to January 2022: a Series A in which Binance entered a strategic partnership and invested, followed by Binance's divestment of its whole stake; a Series B of $1 billion (investors including Sequoia, Paradigm and Thoma Bravo); a Series B-1 of $420 million (including the Ontario Teachers' pension plan, Tiger Global and BlackRock); a Series C of $500 million (including Paradigm, SoftBank and Temasek); and a separate $400 million Series A (including Multicoin, Paradigm and Sequoia). The chart's text does not show which rounds belonged to FTX Trading Ltd. and which to West Realm Shires Inc.; the $1 billion, $420 million and $500 million rounds match those the SEC attributes to FTX Trading Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c2f8767807e42dcbf46c8bfa","record":{"id":"display-claim-c2f8767807e42dcbf46c8bfa","kind":"analysis","text":"The same presentation quotes Binance's chief executive as saying that, on leaving FTX's equity, Binance received roughly $2.1 billion in cash equivalents, in BUSD and FTT. The SEC's complaint adds that on 6 November 2022 Binance held FTT then worth more than $500 million that it had received from FTX when Bankman-Fried bought out its stake as an early-round investor. Neither source names the FTX company that bought the stake or the date of the buyout.","source_ids":["src-012","src-023"],"entity_ids":["binance","ftx-trading","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-inv-binance"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The same presentation quotes Binance's chief executive as saying that, on leaving FTX's equity, Binance received roughly $2.1 billion in cash equivalents, in BUSD and FTT. The SEC's complaint adds that on 6 November 2022 Binance held FTT then worth more than $500 million that it had received from FTX when Bankman-Fried bought out its stake as an early-round investor. Neither source names the FTX company that bought the stake or the date of the buyout."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-4534ddfc3ca180f6471ebc02","record":{"id":"display-claim-4534ddfc3ca180f6471ebc02","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading Ltd.'s equity holder list, filed on 9 January 2023, includes Artz Fund Investments Pte Ltd. of Singapore (contact at a Temasek address) with 1,526,228 common, 3,815,337 Series B and 381,557 Series B-1 preferred shares; Paradigm Green Fortitudo LP and Paradigm One LP with Series B and C preferred shares; SVF II Tempest (DE) LLC, with SoftBank contacts, with 2,861,504 Series B and 215,741 Series C preferred shares; two Thoma Bravo growth funds with 4,578,406 Series B preferred shares between them; Tiger Global PIP 15 LLC; Third Point Ventures LLC, as nominee for funds advised by Third Point, with 431,482 Series C preferred shares; SCGE Fund, L.P. (Sequoia contact) and Sequoia Capital Global Growth Fund III - Endurance Partners; and 2873313 Ontario Limited, with Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan contacts, with 2,233,504 common and 558,376 Series B-1 preferred shares. Nishad Singh is listed with 44,000,000 common shares.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","artz-fund","paradigm-green","paradigm-one","svf-tempest","thoma-bravo-a","thoma-bravo","tiger-global","third-point","scge","sequoia-endurance","ontario-2873313","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-1","c-inv-holders-2","c-inv-singh-holder"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading Ltd.'s equity holder list, filed on 9 January 2023, includes Artz Fund Investments Pte Ltd. of Singapore (contact at a Temasek address) with 1,526,228 common, 3,815,337 Series B and 381,557 Series B-1 preferred shares; Paradigm Green Fortitudo LP and Paradigm One LP with Series B and C preferred shares; SVF II Tempest (DE) LLC, with SoftBank contacts, with 2,861,504 Series B and 215,741 Series C preferred shares; two Thoma Bravo growth funds with 4,578,406 Series B preferred shares between them; Tiger Global PIP 15 LLC; Third Point Ventures LLC, as nominee for funds advised by Third Point, with 431,482 Series C preferred shares; SCGE Fund, L.P. (Sequoia contact) and Sequoia Capital Global Growth Fund III - Endurance Partners; and 2873313 Ontario Limited, with Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan contacts, with 2,233,504 common and 558,376 Series B-1 preferred shares. Nishad Singh is listed with 44,000,000 common shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-7183520a233cd0c5bb352b68","record":{"id":"display-claim-7183520a233cd0c5bb352b68","kind":"analysis","text":"The holder lists also show a SkyBridge fund, SkyBridge Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC – Series G, with 244,196 common and 61,049 Series B-1 preferred shares of FTX Trading Ltd. and 1,310,000 Class A common shares of West Realm Shires Inc. The fund is a separate entity from SkyBridge Capital II, LLC, which is discussed on the Chapter 11 page, and the lists do not show when or at what price the shares were bought. West Realm Shires Inc.'s own list shows Bankman-Fried with 791,303,000 Class A and 1,116,389,000 Class B common and 109,409,190 Series A preferred shares, Wang with 247,545,000 Class A and 356,624,000 Class B common shares, Ryan Salame with 5,520,000 Class A common shares and the Temasek-linked Artz Fund with Class A common and Series A preferred shares.","source_ids":["src-006"],"entity_ids":["skybridge-fund","wrs","ftx-trading","sbf","gary-wang","ryan-salame","artz-fund"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-inv-skybridge-fund","c-inv-wrs-holders"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The holder lists also show a SkyBridge fund, SkyBridge Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC – Series G, with 244,196 common and 61,049 Series B-1 preferred shares of FTX Trading Ltd. and 1,310,000 Class A common shares of West Realm Shires Inc. The fund is a separate entity from SkyBridge Capital II, LLC, which is discussed on the Chapter 11 page, and the lists do not show when or at what price the shares were bought. West Realm Shires Inc.'s own list shows Bankman-Fried with 791,303,000 Class A and 1,116,389,000 Class B common and 109,409,190 Series A preferred shares, Wang with 247,545,000 Class A and 356,624,000 Class B common shares, Ryan Salame with 5,520,000 Class A common shares and the Temasek-linked Artz Fund with Class A common and Series A preferred shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-782139596c5439cd8c92587e","record":{"id":"display-claim-782139596c5439cd8c92587e","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray's first-day declaration describes Alameda Research LLC, organized in Delaware, as the parent and main operating company of the Alameda Silo, which ran quantitative trading funds specializing in crypto assets and offered over-the-counter trading; Ray summed it up as a \"crypto hedge fund\" trading for its owners, Bankman-Fried (90%) and Wang (10%). The CFTC's consent order adds that the firm, never registered with the CFTC, did business with its subsidiaries and affiliates as \"Alameda\", was founded by Bankman-Fried in November 2017 and first operated from Berkeley, California. GLEIF gives Alameda Research LLC a headquarters at 2000 Center Street, 4th Floor, Berkeley, the same street address that FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists among FTX Trading's addresses from August 2019; a shared address does not by itself show common control or any transaction.","source_ids":["src-001","src-027","src-107","src-011"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf","gary-wang","john-ray","caroline-ellison","cftc","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-entities","c-ala-cftc-profile","c-ala-gleif"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray's first-day declaration describes Alameda Research LLC, organized in Delaware, as the parent and main operating company of the Alameda Silo, which ran quantitative trading funds specializing in crypto assets and offered over-the-counter trading; Ray summed it up as a \"crypto hedge fund\" trading for its owners, Bankman-Fried (90%) and Wang (10%). The CFTC's consent order adds that the firm, never registered with the CFTC, did business with its subsidiaries and affiliates as \"Alameda\", was founded by Bankman-Fried in November 2017 and first operated from Berkeley, California. GLEIF gives Alameda Research LLC a headquarters at 2000 Center Street, 4th Floor, Berkeley, the same street address that FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists among FTX Trading's addresses from August 2019; a shared address does not by itself show common control or any transaction."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-8ccb2b439c3581c544bed6db","record":{"id":"display-claim-8ccb2b439c3581c544bed6db","kind":"analysis","text":"Bankman-Fried was Alameda's chief executive until 2021. The CFTC order dates his replacement as chief executive to August 2021, when he appointed Caroline Ellison and another person as co-chief executives while remaining a signatory on Alameda's bank accounts with direct authority over its major trading, investment and financial decisions; an Alameda press release of 12 October 2021 named Ellison and Sam Trabucco co-chief executives. The SEC's complaint puts the change at around October 2021, says Ellison became sole chief executive around August 2022 and describes her as formally chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd., the LLC's subsidiary; a debtors' motion of November 2024 dates Trabucco's term as co-chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd. from August 2021 to August 2022. The debtors' complaint of November 2024 describes Wang as a co-founder of Alameda Research Ltd. and of the two West Realm Shires companies.","source_ids":["src-027","src-102","src-023","src-059","src-085"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf","caroline-ellison","cftc","alameda-ltd","sam-trabucco","ftx-trading","gary-wang","wrs","wrss"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-profile","c-ala-leadership","c-ala-wang-cofounder"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Bankman-Fried was Alameda's chief executive until 2021. The CFTC order dates his replacement as chief executive to August 2021, when he appointed Caroline Ellison and another person as co-chief executives while remaining a signatory on Alameda's bank accounts with direct authority over its major trading, investment and financial decisions; an Alameda press release of 12 October 2021 named Ellison and Sam Trabucco co-chief executives. The SEC's complaint puts the change at around October 2021, says Ellison became sole chief executive around August 2022 and describes her as formally chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd., the LLC's subsidiary; a debtors' motion of November 2024 dates Trabucco's term as co-chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd. from August 2021 to August 2022. The debtors' complaint of November 2024 describes Wang as a co-founder of Alameda Research Ltd. and of the two West Realm Shires companies."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-20c05b090fe6527c14088d99","record":{"id":"display-claim-20c05b090fe6527c14088d99","kind":"analysis","text":"The companies were not kept apart. The CFTC order finds that FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC commingled customer assets with corporate assets, did not document transfers between them and regularly shared employees, office space, systems, accounts and communication channels, and that Bankman-Fried, the ultimate majority owner of FTX Trading, signed their core agreements and was a signatory on their bank accounts. Ray listed among the failures he found the absence of independent governance between Alameda and the Dotcom Silo, in which outside investors had invested, as well as the secret exemption of Alameda from aspects of FTX.com's auto-liquidation protocol and the use of software to conceal the misuse of customer funds. Sources use \"Alameda\" loosely: FTX Digital Markets' liquidators, for example, apply it collectively to Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Limited and North Dimension Inc., so their figures are not attributed to a single company.","source_ids":["src-027","src-001","src-008"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","cftc","gary-wang","john-ray","fdm","alameda-ltd","north-dimension"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-first-day-governance","c-ala-jpl-definition"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The companies were not kept apart. The CFTC order finds that FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC commingled customer assets with corporate assets, did not document transfers between them and regularly shared employees, office space, systems, accounts and communication channels, and that Bankman-Fried, the ultimate majority owner of FTX Trading, signed their core agreements and was a signatory on their bank accounts. Ray listed among the failures he found the absence of independent governance between Alameda and the Dotcom Silo, in which outside investors had invested, as well as the secret exemption of Alameda from aspects of FTX.com's auto-liquidation protocol and the use of software to conceal the misuse of customer funds. Sources use \"Alameda\" loosely: FTX Digital Markets' liquidators, for example, apply it collectively to Alameda Research LLC, Alameda Research Limited and North Dimension Inc., so their figures are not attributed to a single company."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-08aa0e49c0d772e1e4a00ef5","record":{"id":"display-claim-08aa0e49c0d772e1e4a00ef5","kind":"analysis","text":"Alameda Research Ltd.'s own subsidiary Maclaurin Investments Ltd. began as Alameda Ventures Ltd., founded in December 2019 in Seychelles by Bankman-Fried, Wing Man Charis Law and Luk Wai Chan, its first directors, and renamed in September 2022. After the filing, Alameda Research Ltd., as Maclaurin's sole shareholder, ratified Ray's appointment as chief executive, Kurt Knipp's appointment as director and the petitions in a resolution of 6 February 2023 signed by Matthew Rosenberg, then its sole director.","source_ids":["src-009","src-005"],"entity_ids":["maclaurin","sbf","wing-man-charis-law","luk-wai-chan","alameda-ltd","alameda-llc","john-ray","kurt-knipp","matt-rosenberg","caroline-ellison"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Alameda Research Ltd.'s own subsidiary Maclaurin Investments Ltd. began as Alameda Ventures Ltd., founded in December 2019 in Seychelles by Bankman-Fried, Wing Man Charis Law and Luk Wai Chan, its first directors, and renamed in September 2022. After the filing, Alameda Research Ltd., as Maclaurin's sole shareholder, ratified Ray's appointment as chief executive, Kurt Knipp's appointment as director and the petitions in a resolution of 6 February 2023 signed by Matthew Rosenberg, then its sole director."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a057fa458f2e61fed1a974af","record":{"id":"display-claim-a057fa458f2e61fed1a974af","kind":"analysis","text":"The CFTC order finds that throughout the relevant period Alameda's FTX account carried a special \"Allow Negative\" flag that let it withdraw unlimited digital assets while its balance was negative and exempted it from automatic liquidation, and that its borrowing limit was set at $65 billion. The debtors' first interim report puts the comparison plainly: at the petition date Alameda Research LLC alone had a $65 billion limit, where other market makers had limits of up to $150 million; two secretly granted features, can_withdraw_below_borrow and allow_negative, were added to the FTX.com code by Nishad Singh on 23 and 31 July 2019, and Alameda was the only customer with allow_negative set to true at the petition date.","source_ids":["src-027","src-025"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","cftc","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-privileges-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The CFTC order finds that throughout the relevant period Alameda's FTX account carried a special \"Allow Negative\" flag that let it withdraw unlimited digital assets while its balance was negative and exempted it from automatic liquidation, and that its borrowing limit was set at $65 billion. The debtors' first interim report puts the comparison plainly: at the petition date Alameda Research LLC alone had a $65 billion limit, where other market makers had limits of up to $150 million; two secretly granted features, can_withdraw_below_borrow and allow_negative, were added to the FTX.com code by Nishad Singh on 23 and 31 July 2019, and Alameda was the only customer with allow_negative set to true at the petition date."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a3cee23b556f140fd35855ba","record":{"id":"display-claim-a3cee23b556f140fd35855ba","kind":"analysis","text":"The SEC's complaint against Ellison and Wang alleges that FTX engineers, including Wang, repeatedly raised the negative balance Alameda could carry at Bankman-Fried's direction, creating an unofficial \"line of credit\" that grew to tens of billions of dollars funded by other customers' deposits, and that around May 2020 they exempted Alameda from the auto-liquidation feature of FTX's margin trading; no other customer had such terms.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","gary-wang","sec"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-privileges-sec"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The SEC's complaint against Ellison and Wang alleges that FTX engineers, including Wang, repeatedly raised the negative balance Alameda could carry at Bankman-Fried's direction, creating an unofficial \"line of credit\" that grew to tens of billions of dollars funded by other customers' deposits, and that around May 2020 they exempted Alameda from the auto-liquidation feature of FTX's margin trading; no other customer had such terms."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-52a163367f8c9b1b810e8b9f","record":{"id":"display-claim-52a163367f8c9b1b810e8b9f","kind":"analysis","text":"Instead of opening bank accounts in FTX Trading Ltd.'s name, the debtors' second interim report states, the group used Alameda's existing accounts to take in and pay out FTX.com customers' money: from at least 16 November 2019 to 30 August 2020 customers received wire instructions on Alameda letterhead directing them to more than a dozen Alameda accounts, and one of them, Alameda-4456, received over $250 million directly from customers in 2020 alone, plus over $4 billion from other Alameda accounts funded in part by customer deposits. When banks questioned these accounts, the report says, the group turned to North Dimension Inc., which the report calls a shell company without operations or employees; at the direction of a senior FTX Group attorney the group told a bank that North Dimension was a trading firm with 2,000 counterparties, in an answer Bankman-Fried signed; from April 2021 customers were told to wire money to North Dimension accounts, which had received at least $1 billion of customer deposits by the end of 2021. The report does not name the bank, the attorney involved or the counterparties, and calling North Dimension a shell is the debtors' characterization.","source_ids":["src-036"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","north-dimension","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-fiat-accounts-ray","c-ala-north-dimension"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Instead of opening bank accounts in FTX Trading Ltd.'s name, the debtors' second interim report states, the group used Alameda's existing accounts to take in and pay out FTX.com customers' money: from at least 16 November 2019 to 30 August 2020 customers received wire instructions on Alameda letterhead directing them to more than a dozen Alameda accounts, and one of them, Alameda-4456, received over $250 million directly from customers in 2020 alone, plus over $4 billion from other Alameda accounts funded in part by customer deposits. When banks questioned these accounts, the report says, the group turned to North Dimension Inc., which the report calls a shell company without operations or employees; at the direction of a senior FTX Group attorney the group told a bank that North Dimension was a trading firm with 2,000 counterparties, in an answer Bankman-Fried signed; from April 2021 customers were told to wire money to North Dimension accounts, which had received at least $1 billion of customer deposits by the end of 2021. The report does not name the bank, the attorney involved or the counterparties, and calling North Dimension a shell is the debtors' characterization."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-6c1bc60d3b50cf47886ba155","record":{"id":"display-claim-6c1bc60d3b50cf47886ba155","kind":"analysis","text":"The CFTC order, entered with FTX Trading's and Alameda's consent, makes similar findings: customers depositing fiat from 2019 were directed to accounts owned and controlled by Alameda, some in the name of its Delaware subsidiary North Dimension; the internal account recording these deposits showed as much as $11 billion at times; some deposits kept reaching Alameda accounts after FTX opened its own customer accounts in 2020; and from FTX's launch Alameda used customer fiat and digital assets for its own trading, investment and lending without authorization, although, the order finds, section 8.2.6 of FTX Trading's terms of service prohibited such use. The SEC's complaint makes the same allegation and adds that the liability sat in an internal FTX account called \"fiat@ftx.com\" that was not tied to Alameda, while North Dimension's website disclosed no connection to Alameda.","source_ids":["src-027","src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","north-dimension","cftc","sec"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-fiat-sec"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The CFTC order, entered with FTX Trading's and Alameda's consent, makes similar findings: customers depositing fiat from 2019 were directed to accounts owned and controlled by Alameda, some in the name of its Delaware subsidiary North Dimension; the internal account recording these deposits showed as much as $11 billion at times; some deposits kept reaching Alameda accounts after FTX opened its own customer accounts in 2020; and from FTX's launch Alameda used customer fiat and digital assets for its own trading, investment and lending without authorization, although, the order finds, section 8.2.6 of FTX Trading's terms of service prohibited such use. The SEC's complaint makes the same allegation and adds that the liability sat in an internal FTX account called \"fiat@ftx.com\" that was not tied to Alameda, while North Dimension's website disclosed no connection to Alameda."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d487e1a498df438dec493dc0","record":{"id":"display-claim-d487e1a498df438dec493dc0","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' report describes a \"Payment Agent Agreement\" between Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading Ltd. that a senior FTX Group attorney created in April 2021, gave an effective date of 1 June 2019 and Bankman-Fried signed for both sides; it cast Alameda as a mere payment agent, although, the report says, Alameda never passed the deposits on to FTX. FTX Trading told its auditor that Alameda provided \"cash management services\", and its audited financial statement, shared with potential investors in the Series C round that closed in January 2022, recorded no FTX.com customer fiat. The report calls the agreement a backdated sham, which is the debtors' characterization. By about mid-2022, the CFTC order finds, FTX's ledgers showed Alameda's dollar liability to FTX at about $8 billion, and at Bankman-Fried's direction executives hid it by moving it into a customer account he later called \"our Korean friend's account\".","source_ids":["src-036","src-023","src-027"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","sbf","alameda-llc","cftc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-payment-agent","c-ala-8bn-liability"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' report describes a \"Payment Agent Agreement\" between Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading Ltd. that a senior FTX Group attorney created in April 2021, gave an effective date of 1 June 2019 and Bankman-Fried signed for both sides; it cast Alameda as a mere payment agent, although, the report says, Alameda never passed the deposits on to FTX. FTX Trading told its auditor that Alameda provided \"cash management services\", and its audited financial statement, shared with potential investors in the Series C round that closed in January 2022, recorded no FTX.com customer fiat. The report calls the agreement a backdated sham, which is the debtors' characterization. By about mid-2022, the CFTC order finds, FTX's ledgers showed Alameda's dollar liability to FTX at about $8 billion, and at Bankman-Fried's direction executives hid it by moving it into a customer account he later called \"our Korean friend's account\"."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f41d4f8cdaf3a6a3540ef7cd","record":{"id":"display-claim-f41d4f8cdaf3a6a3540ef7cd","kind":"analysis","text":"According to the SEC, Alameda received a large share of the 350 million FTT tokens minted when FTX launched FTT in July 2019, including all the company tokens allocated to FTX, without paying for them, and borrowed billions of dollars from lenders against collateral consisting largely of FTT; the SEC also alleges that Alameda and Ellison, at Bankman-Fried's direction, traded FTT in 2019 and 2021 to support its price. The CFTC order finds that Alameda's loans at times exceeded $10 billion in notional value, secured largely by FTT and other illiquid tokens valued without appropriate discounts, and that FTT made up an extremely high portion of Alameda's $14.6 billion of assets at 30 June 2022.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054","src-027"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sec","caroline-ellison","sbf","cftc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-ftt","c-ala-cftc-collapse"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: According to the SEC, Alameda received a large share of the 350 million FTT tokens minted when FTX launched FTT in July 2019, including all the company tokens allocated to FTX, without paying for them, and borrowed billions of dollars from lenders against collateral consisting largely of FTT; the SEC also alleges that Alameda and Ellison, at Bankman-Fried's direction, traded FTT in 2019 and 2021 to support its price. The CFTC order finds that Alameda's loans at times exceeded $10 billion in notional value, secured largely by FTT and other illiquid tokens valued without appropriate discounts, and that FTT made up an extremely high portion of Alameda's $14.6 billion of assets at 30 June 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1dbff52fb392f8c4e2224ef1","record":{"id":"display-claim-1dbff52fb392f8c4e2224ef1","kind":"analysis","text":"In 2022, without enough liquid assets to meet margin calls and called loans, the CFTC order finds, Alameda increased its use of FTX customer assets to meet its debts, withdrawing several billion dollars through its FTX account. The SEC alleges that in May 2022 Bankman-Fried directed Ellison to draw on the line of credit so that billions of dollars of customer funds went to repay Alameda's lenders, that she hid the arrangement in the balance sheets shown to lenders, and that the drawings continued through the summer, funding hundreds of millions of dollars of \"loans\" to Bankman-Fried and other executives. In the debtors' later complaint against SkyBridge, Ellison's trial testimony is cited for the figure that by 1 September 2022 Alameda Research Ltd. was \"borrowing\" $13.7 billion from FTX that it could not repay, and the plea hearings of Singh and Wang for the statement that Alameda routinely took \"several billion dollar[s]\" from FTX.com using its special privileges, and Ellison's plea hearing for her agreement with Bankman-Fried, by about July 2022, to give Alameda's lenders materially misleading financial statements.","source_ids":["src-027","src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054","src-085","src-063"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","ftx-trading","cftc","sbf","caroline-ellison","sec","alameda-ltd","nishad-singh","gary-wang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-2022","c-ala-may-2022-sec","c-ala-13-7bn","c-ala-pleas"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In 2022, without enough liquid assets to meet margin calls and called loans, the CFTC order finds, Alameda increased its use of FTX customer assets to meet its debts, withdrawing several billion dollars through its FTX account. The SEC alleges that in May 2022 Bankman-Fried directed Ellison to draw on the line of credit so that billions of dollars of customer funds went to repay Alameda's lenders, that she hid the arrangement in the balance sheets shown to lenders, and that the drawings continued through the summer, funding hundreds of millions of dollars of \"loans\" to Bankman-Fried and other executives. In the debtors' later complaint against SkyBridge, Ellison's trial testimony is cited for the figure that by 1 September 2022 Alameda Research Ltd. was \"borrowing\" $13.7 billion from FTX that it could not repay, and the plea hearings of Singh and Wang for the statement that Alameda routinely took \"several billion dollar[s]\" from FTX.com using its special privileges, and Ellison's plea hearing for her agreement with Bankman-Fried, by about July 2022, to give Alameda's lenders materially misleading financial statements."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-0da5be031450a0dac60bfa3b","record":{"id":"display-claim-0da5be031450a0dac60bfa3b","kind":"analysis","text":"By late on 7 November 2022, the CFTC order finds, FTX could no longer meet withdrawals; Bankman-Fried, Ellison and others acknowledged internally that customer funds had been misappropriated, while Bankman-Fried publicly portrayed a liquidity problem and falsely said FTX remained solvent, having earlier assured the public, including a U.S. Senate committee on 9 February 2022, that customer assets were segregated. A balance sheet prepared for prospective investors showed an $8 billion negative balance in a hidden \"fiat@\" account. At a meeting of Alameda staff on or about 9 November 2022, according to the SEC, Ellison admitted that she, Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh had known that Alameda used customer funds; a news report of the recording played at trial quotes her saying FTX had \"basically always allowed Alameda to borrow users' funds\"; the recording itself was not retained, and neither the SEC nor the report names the Alameda legal entity concerned. The debtors' first interim report quotes Bankman-Fried himself writing that \"Alameda is unauditable\", its balances only roughly known.","source_ids":["src-027","src-023","src-054","src-025"],"entity_ids":["cftc","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","sbf","caroline-ellison","wrss","gary-wang","nishad-singh","sec"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-ala-unauditable"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: By late on 7 November 2022, the CFTC order finds, FTX could no longer meet withdrawals; Bankman-Fried, Ellison and others acknowledged internally that customer funds had been misappropriated, while Bankman-Fried publicly portrayed a liquidity problem and falsely said FTX remained solvent, having earlier assured the public, including a U.S. Senate committee on 9 February 2022, that customer assets were segregated. A balance sheet prepared for prospective investors showed an $8 billion negative balance in a hidden \"fiat@\" account. At a meeting of Alameda staff on or about 9 November 2022, according to the SEC, Ellison admitted that she, Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh had known that Alameda used customer funds; a news report of the recording played at trial quotes her saying FTX had \"basically always allowed Alameda to borrow users' funds\"; the recording itself was not retained, and neither the SEC nor the report names the Alameda legal entity concerned. The debtors' first interim report quotes Bankman-Fried himself writing that \"Alameda is unauditable\", its balances only roughly known."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-55752e1b9c336f6a753695e4","record":{"id":"display-claim-55752e1b9c336f6a753695e4","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray's declaration records related-party loans receivable of $4.1 billion at Alameda Research (consolidated) on 30 September 2022, chiefly a $2.3 billion loan by Euclid Way Ltd. to Paper Bird Inc. and loans by Alameda Research Ltd. of $1 billion to Bankman-Fried, $543 million to Singh and $55 million to Ryan Salame; Ray said he did not rely on the unaudited balance sheets. The SEC alleges that Bankman-Fried signed notes for more than $1.338 billion of Alameda loans between March 2020 and September 2022, twice as both borrower and, as Alameda's chief executive, lender; that on about 22 July 2022 he lent himself $136 million; that Wang signed notes for about $224.7 million whose proceeds Bankman-Fried used; and that two $100 million investments by FTX Ventures Ltd. were funded with customer money diverted to Alameda.","source_ids":["src-001","src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","euclid-way","paper-bird","alameda-ltd","sbf","nishad-singh","ryan-salame","gary-wang","ftx-ventures","sec"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-ray","c-ala-insider-loans-sec"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray's declaration records related-party loans receivable of $4.1 billion at Alameda Research (consolidated) on 30 September 2022, chiefly a $2.3 billion loan by Euclid Way Ltd. to Paper Bird Inc. and loans by Alameda Research Ltd. of $1 billion to Bankman-Fried, $543 million to Singh and $55 million to Ryan Salame; Ray said he did not rely on the unaudited balance sheets. The SEC alleges that Bankman-Fried signed notes for more than $1.338 billion of Alameda loans between March 2020 and September 2022, twice as both borrower and, as Alameda's chief executive, lender; that on about 22 July 2022 he lent himself $136 million; that Wang signed notes for about $224.7 million whose proceeds Bankman-Fried used; and that two $100 million investments by FTX Ventures Ltd. were funded with customer money diverted to Alameda."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-8741760175e2abbfad36299a","record":{"id":"display-claim-8741760175e2abbfad36299a","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors describe intercompany dealings without corporate formalities: assets and liabilities moved among group companies and insiders without documentation, Alameda Research LLC paid salaries and expenses for itself, other debtors and FTX Digital Markets as well as venture investments and acquisitions, and an Alameda account sent tens of millions of dollars to Bankman-Fried's personal account in 2021 and 2022, documented as loans but booked as \"Investment in Subsidiaries\". FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists an intercompany payable from Alameda Research created on 3 May 2021 for Singh's exercise of FTX Trading share options (the figure 16500, no currency stated). Ray's declaration lists $1,400 million owed by Clifton Bay Investments to Alameda Research Ltd, $68.6 million to Alameda Research LLC and $38.5 million to Alameda Ventures, on unaudited balance sheets he did not rely on.","source_ids":["src-025","src-068","src-011","src-001"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","fdm","sbf","ftx-trading","nishad-singh","clifton-bay","alameda-ltd","maclaurin","wrss","ftx-ventures"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-intercompany","c-ala-singh-option","c-ala-clifton-payables"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors describe intercompany dealings without corporate formalities: assets and liabilities moved among group companies and insiders without documentation, Alameda Research LLC paid salaries and expenses for itself, other debtors and FTX Digital Markets as well as venture investments and acquisitions, and an Alameda account sent tens of millions of dollars to Bankman-Fried's personal account in 2021 and 2022, documented as loans but booked as \"Investment in Subsidiaries\". FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists an intercompany payable from Alameda Research created on 3 May 2021 for Singh's exercise of FTX Trading share options (the figure 16500, no currency stated). Ray's declaration lists $1,400 million owed by Clifton Bay Investments to Alameda Research Ltd, $68.6 million to Alameda Research LLC and $38.5 million to Alameda Ventures, on unaudited balance sheets he did not rely on."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-908e34d61e3643b32b82250c","record":{"id":"display-claim-908e34d61e3643b32b82250c","kind":"analysis","text":"Money also left through outside counterparties. Between June and November 2022, the debtors' report says, the group sent about $450 million to the hedge fund Modulo Capital from account Alameda-9485, funded in part from an FTX Trading account that received customer deposits, plus $25 million on 19 May 2022; in May 2023 Modulo returned about $407 million and released claims to $56 million held on FTX.com, about 98% of the transfers. Alameda Research had borrowed from BlockFi Lending and BlockFi International, and on 9 November 2022 it and Emergent Fidelity Technologies gave BlockFi security over Grayscale and Bitwise trust shares and Emergent's Robinhood investment; separately, West Realm Shires Inc. had agreed in June 2022 to lend BlockFi up to $400 million, of which BlockFi drew $275 million. The debtors also state that Bankman-Fried, Singh and another insider made more than $100 million of political donations funded through purported \"loans\" from the FTX Group.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068","src-001","src-063"],"entity_ids":["alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","modulo","sbf","wrs","blockfi","alameda-llc","emergent","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-modulo","c-ala-blockfi","c-ala-political"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Money also left through outside counterparties. Between June and November 2022, the debtors' report says, the group sent about $450 million to the hedge fund Modulo Capital from account Alameda-9485, funded in part from an FTX Trading account that received customer deposits, plus $25 million on 19 May 2022; in May 2023 Modulo returned about $407 million and released claims to $56 million held on FTX.com, about 98% of the transfers. Alameda Research had borrowed from BlockFi Lending and BlockFi International, and on 9 November 2022 it and Emergent Fidelity Technologies gave BlockFi security over Grayscale and Bitwise trust shares and Emergent's Robinhood investment; separately, West Realm Shires Inc. had agreed in June 2022 to lend BlockFi up to $400 million, of which BlockFi drew $275 million. The debtors also state that Bankman-Fried, Singh and another insider made more than $100 million of political donations funded through purported \"loans\" from the FTX Group."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-43cf8ee05b758cfe8181b67d","record":{"id":"display-claim-43cf8ee05b758cfe8181b67d","kind":"analysis","text":"As quoted in the SEC's complaint, FTX's public terms of service told customers that \"you control the Digital Assets held in your Account\", that title \"shall at all times remain with you and shall not transfer to FTX\" and that none of the assets in an account \"are the property of, or shall or may be loaned to, FTX Trading\"; fiat currency was represented as electronic money that customers could redeem at any time. The debtors' second interim report notes that the terms said nothing about what FTX Trading Ltd. would do with customers' fiat and did not promise to segregate it, although the group publicly claimed to protect customer deposits; the terms for customers in Japan, by contrast, said fiat was held in a segregated trust. The CFTC's consent order, entered with the companies' consent without a trial on the merits and with its findings admitted only for limited purposes, reads the terms differently: it finds that section 8.2.6 of FTX Trading's terms of service prohibited Alameda's use of customer fiat and digital assets.","source_ids":["src-023","src-036","src-027"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sec","ftx-japan","alameda-llc","north-dimension","cftc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-tos","c-cust-tos-fiat","c-ala-fiat-cftc"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: As quoted in the SEC's complaint, FTX's public terms of service told customers that \"you control the Digital Assets held in your Account\", that title \"shall at all times remain with you and shall not transfer to FTX\" and that none of the assets in an account \"are the property of, or shall or may be loaned to, FTX Trading\"; fiat currency was represented as electronic money that customers could redeem at any time. The debtors' second interim report notes that the terms said nothing about what FTX Trading Ltd. would do with customers' fiat and did not promise to segregate it, although the group publicly claimed to protect customer deposits; the terms for customers in Japan, by contrast, said fiat was held in a segregated trust. The CFTC's consent order, entered with the companies' consent without a trial on the merits and with its findings admitted only for limited purposes, reads the terms differently: it finds that section 8.2.6 of FTX Trading's terms of service prohibited Alameda's use of customer fiat and digital assets."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-cf7e812145935a04d3e6144e","record":{"id":"display-claim-cf7e812145935a04d3e6144e","kind":"analysis","text":"Announcing the consent order on 8 August 2024, which FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda accepted without a trial on the merits, the CFTC said the court had found that FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC made material misrepresentations to customers: FTX called itself \"the safest and easiest way to buy and sell crypto\" and said customer assets were held in \"custody\" and segregated from its own, when in fact customer funds were commingled and misappropriated. The debtors' report says that, as local regulation required, the group did segregate customer funds in Japan, Cyprus and Singapore, and its findings exclude those jurisdictions and FTX US; for Cyprus, the disclosure statement later reports that FTX EU Ltd was found not to hold enough segregated assets to meet its customer obligations.","source_ids":["src-028","src-036","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","cftc","ftx-japan","ftx-eu","wrss"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-cust-segregation-exceptions"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Announcing the consent order on 8 August 2024, which FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda accepted without a trial on the merits, the CFTC said the court had found that FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC made material misrepresentations to customers: FTX called itself \"the safest and easiest way to buy and sell crypto\" and said customer assets were held in \"custody\" and segregated from its own, when in fact customer funds were commingled and misappropriated. The debtors' report says that, as local regulation required, the group did segregate customer funds in Japan, Cyprus and Singapore, and its findings exclude those jurisdictions and FTX US; for Cyprus, the disclosure statement later reports that FTX EU Ltd was found not to hold enough segregated assets to meet its customer obligations."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-ebfff4f34afedeecf3037839","record":{"id":"display-claim-ebfff4f34afedeecf3037839","kind":"analysis","text":"Besides the main deposit accounts of Alameda Research Ltd. and North Dimension Inc., the debtors' second interim report lists accounts in the names of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., FTX Trading Ltd. (three of them labelled internally as held for the benefit of customers, although the report elsewhere describes one of the three, FTX Trading-9964(S), as designated internally as corporate while in fact receiving customer deposits) and Alameda Research Ltd. through which customer deposits and withdrawals passed, and says customer and corporate funds were commingled in all of them. FTX Digital Markets' liquidators reported in February 2023 that FTX.com customers were not booked to any particular company, so which company owes what to which customers is an open legal question; customer funds appear to have been pooled regardless of jurisdiction, and accounts of different FTX companies were used interchangeably.","source_ids":["src-036","src-008"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","alameda-ltd","north-dimension","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-commingled-accounts","c-cust-jpl-commingling"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Besides the main deposit accounts of Alameda Research Ltd. and North Dimension Inc., the debtors' second interim report lists accounts in the names of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., FTX Trading Ltd. (three of them labelled internally as held for the benefit of customers, although the report elsewhere describes one of the three, FTX Trading-9964(S), as designated internally as corporate while in fact receiving customer deposits) and Alameda Research Ltd. through which customer deposits and withdrawals passed, and says customer and corporate funds were commingled in all of them. FTX Digital Markets' liquidators reported in February 2023 that FTX.com customers were not booked to any particular company, so which company owes what to which customers is an open legal question; customer funds appear to have been pooled regardless of jurisdiction, and accounts of different FTX companies were used interchangeably."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-49d566ce6ca746e4d6c6d720","record":{"id":"display-claim-49d566ce6ca746e4d6c6d720","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first interim report describes a pervasive lack of records showing where cash and digital assets could be found: 56 group companies produced no financial statements of any kind and 35 used QuickBooks, transfers among companies were not properly documented, approvals for transfers of tens of millions of dollars were given in Slack, Signal or Telegram, sometimes with disappearing messages, and expenses were approved by emoji. The global notes to the debtors' schedules add that substantial assets went to related parties and insiders, many apparently undocumented, and that undocumented cash transfers to insiders were classified as interest-free notes receivable. The Dotcom Silo's last unaudited balance sheet, as of 30 September 2022, showed total assets of $2.25 billion and did not record customer crypto assets; Ray said he had no confidence in it, and that the silo's 2021 statements had been audited by Prager Metis, a firm he was not familiar with.","source_ids":["src-025","src-011","src-001"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","prager-metis","john-ray","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-records","c-cust-global-notes","c-cust-balance-sheet"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first interim report describes a pervasive lack of records showing where cash and digital assets could be found: 56 group companies produced no financial statements of any kind and 35 used QuickBooks, transfers among companies were not properly documented, approvals for transfers of tens of millions of dollars were given in Slack, Signal or Telegram, sometimes with disappearing messages, and expenses were approved by emoji. The global notes to the debtors' schedules add that substantial assets went to related parties and insiders, many apparently undocumented, and that undocumented cash transfers to insiders were classified as interest-free notes receivable. The Dotcom Silo's last unaudited balance sheet, as of 30 September 2022, showed total assets of $2.25 billion and did not record customer crypto assets; Ray said he had no confidence in it, and that the silo's 2021 statements had been audited by Prager Metis, a firm he was not familiar with."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-175f50c07ccd80b1f4b1e8cd","record":{"id":"display-claim-175f50c07ccd80b1f4b1e8cd","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first interim report also describes custody failures: outside Japan, where regulation required cold storage, the group made little use of it, although employees said in October 2022 that holdings were mostly cold; private keys and seed phrases of FTX.com, FTX US and Alameda were stored insecurely, including keys to more than $100 million of Ethereum assets in plain text on a server; virtually all FTX.com bitcoin sat in a single wallet node; and the exchanges and Alameda shared a single AWS account.","source_ids":["src-025"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrss","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-custody"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first interim report also describes custody failures: outside Japan, where regulation required cold storage, the group made little use of it, although employees said in October 2022 that holdings were mostly cold; private keys and seed phrases of FTX.com, FTX US and Alameda were stored insecurely, including keys to more than $100 million of Ethereum assets in plain text on a server; virtually all FTX.com bitcoin sat in a single wallet node; and the exchanges and Alameda shared a single AWS account."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-339e5a5a4b149a36b71ca7f6","record":{"id":"display-claim-339e5a5a4b149a36b71ca7f6","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' second interim report (June 2023) estimated that about $8.7 billion of customer-deposited assets had been misappropriated from FTX.com by the petition date, mostly cash and stablecoins, of which more than $6.4 billion was fiat and stablecoin. The disclosure statement of May 2024 adds that more than $10 billion had been misappropriated at points in 2022, that internal documents suggest a cash deficit of over $10 billion in March 2022, and that shortly after the petition date the exchange owed customers about $9.2 billion it did not have. These are the debtors' estimates, made after they took control of FTX Trading Ltd.; the $6.4 billion figure excludes Alameda's balances on the FTX US, Japan, Singapore and Cyprus exchanges, and the estimates changed as the analysis progressed. Before the collapse, on or about 7 November 2022, Bankman-Fried had posted that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\" and that FTX could cover all client holdings, a statement the SEC calls false and misleading and which he later deleted. The CFTC's consent order of August 2024 requires FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC to pay, jointly and severally, $8.7 billion in restitution, to be satisfied through distributions under the Chapter 11 plan.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068","src-027","src-023"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-shortfall"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' second interim report (June 2023) estimated that about $8.7 billion of customer-deposited assets had been misappropriated from FTX.com by the petition date, mostly cash and stablecoins, of which more than $6.4 billion was fiat and stablecoin. The disclosure statement of May 2024 adds that more than $10 billion had been misappropriated at points in 2022, that internal documents suggest a cash deficit of over $10 billion in March 2022, and that shortly after the petition date the exchange owed customers about $9.2 billion it did not have. These are the debtors' estimates, made after they took control of FTX Trading Ltd.; the $6.4 billion figure excludes Alameda's balances on the FTX US, Japan, Singapore and Cyprus exchanges, and the estimates changed as the analysis progressed. Before the collapse, on or about 7 November 2022, Bankman-Fried had posted that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\" and that FTX could cover all client holdings, a statement the SEC calls false and misleading and which he later deleted. The CFTC's consent order of August 2024 requires FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC to pay, jointly and severally, $8.7 billion in restitution, to be satisfied through distributions under the Chapter 11 plan."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-4624744a960c2a79d91c6e65","record":{"id":"display-claim-4624744a960c2a79d91c6e65","kind":"analysis","text":"By August 2022, the debtors' report says, the FTX senior executives and Caroline Ellison privately estimated that FTX.com owed customers more than $8 billion in fiat it did not have, did not disclose it, and recorded it in a customer account referred to as \"our Korean friend's account\", showing the \"friend\" as owing the exchange $8.9 billion; the report calls the account a sham, and the CFTC order separately finds that Alameda's dollar liability was moved into it. At the petition date, according to the debtors' first-day presentation, 94% of Dotcom Silo customers were customers of FTX Trading Ltd. and 6% of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., a split that FTX Digital Markets' liquidators disputed, arguing that many FTX.com customers had been moved to FTX Digital Markets from May 2022; that dispute was later settled.","source_ids":["src-036","src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","caroline-ellison","fdm"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-korean-account","c-cust-dotcom-split"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: By August 2022, the debtors' report says, the FTX senior executives and Caroline Ellison privately estimated that FTX.com owed customers more than $8 billion in fiat it did not have, did not disclose it, and recorded it in a customer account referred to as \"our Korean friend's account\", showing the \"friend\" as owing the exchange $8.9 billion; the report calls the account a sham, and the CFTC order separately finds that Alameda's dollar liability was moved into it. At the petition date, according to the debtors' first-day presentation, 94% of Dotcom Silo customers were customers of FTX Trading Ltd. and 6% of FTX Digital Markets Ltd., a split that FTX Digital Markets' liquidators disputed, arguing that many FTX.com customers had been moved to FTX Digital Markets from May 2022; that dispute was later settled."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3007008cc45b553027e10114","record":{"id":"display-claim-3007008cc45b553027e10114","kind":"analysis","text":"Little cash remained. Ray's first-day declaration tabulates FTX Trading Ltd.'s cash at the petition date at $2,976,050, of which $2,600,324 custodial, against $49,352,327 at FTX EU Ltd and $49,999,600 of restricted cash at the non-debtor FTX Digital Markets; debtor companies held $169.8 million in all and non-debtors $394.6 million. The first-day presentation counted $33.7 million of substantiated unrestricted cash at U.S. institutions for the Dotcom Silo as of 18 November 2022.","source_ids":["src-001","src-012"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe","ftx-eu","fdm"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-cash"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Little cash remained. Ray's first-day declaration tabulates FTX Trading Ltd.'s cash at the petition date at $2,976,050, of which $2,600,324 custodial, against $49,352,327 at FTX EU Ltd and $49,999,600 of restricted cash at the non-debtor FTX Digital Markets; debtor companies held $169.8 million in all and non-debtors $394.6 million. The first-day presentation counted $33.7 million of substantiated unrestricted cash at U.S. institutions for the Dotcom Silo as of 18 November 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-eaa4588817abc23b9e04d44e","record":{"id":"display-claim-eaa4588817abc23b9e04d44e","kind":"analysis","text":"Assets also left on and around the petition date, and the amounts are given differently: Ray recorded at least $372 million of unauthorized transfers on the petition date and the minting of about $300 million of FTT; the debtors later referred to a cyberattack draining about $432 million, and in December 2023 to at least $433 million; FTX Digital Markets' liquidators reported a hack of the international platform around 12 November 2022 that removed $323 million, with its split between FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading unknown. The figures come from different parties at different times and are not reconciled.","source_ids":["src-001","src-025","src-008","src-009"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","john-ray"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-hack"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Assets also left on and around the petition date, and the amounts are given differently: Ray recorded at least $372 million of unauthorized transfers on the petition date and the minting of about $300 million of FTT; the debtors later referred to a cyberattack draining about $432 million, and in December 2023 to at least $433 million; FTX Digital Markets' liquidators reported a hack of the international platform around 12 November 2022 that removed $323 million, with its split between FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading unknown. The figures come from different parties at different times and are not reconciled."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-fbf9c25f084b7a8b6396dd46","record":{"id":"display-claim-fbf9c25f084b7a8b6396dd46","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first interim report states that the day after the breach, at the direction of Bahamian authorities and without the debtors' authorization, Bankman-Fried and/or Wang moved hundreds of millions of dollars of FTT, SRM, MAPS and other tokens from debtor wallets into cold wallets in Bahamian custody; a December 2023 filing says the Securities Commission of the Bahamas coordinated with them on 12 November 2022 to move 195 million FTT into wallets it controlled. The report does not say which debtor owned the wallets. FTX Digital Markets' liquidators give a different account: after a Bahamian court order of 12 November 2022 authorised the Commission to instruct FTX Digital Markets, the Commission directed Bankman-Fried and Wang to move the remaining assets under FTX Digital Markets' control to wallets it had set up. Whose assets these were became part of the dispute between the two estates, which they addressed in the global settlement announced on 19 December 2023. The only data on the international platform's holdings the liquidators had were schedules provided by Bankman-Fried on 11 November and by Wang to the Commission on 13 November 2022, neither explained.","source_ids":["src-025","src-009","src-008","src-056"],"entity_ids":["sbf","gary-wang","scb","ftx-trading","fdm","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-bahamas-transfers","c-cust-jpl-schedules"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first interim report states that the day after the breach, at the direction of Bahamian authorities and without the debtors' authorization, Bankman-Fried and/or Wang moved hundreds of millions of dollars of FTT, SRM, MAPS and other tokens from debtor wallets into cold wallets in Bahamian custody; a December 2023 filing says the Securities Commission of the Bahamas coordinated with them on 12 November 2022 to move 195 million FTT into wallets it controlled. The report does not say which debtor owned the wallets. FTX Digital Markets' liquidators give a different account: after a Bahamian court order of 12 November 2022 authorised the Commission to instruct FTX Digital Markets, the Commission directed Bankman-Fried and Wang to move the remaining assets under FTX Digital Markets' control to wallets it had set up. Whose assets these were became part of the dispute between the two estates, which they addressed in the global settlement announced on 19 December 2023. The only data on the international platform's holdings the liquidators had were schedules provided by Bankman-Fried on 11 November and by Wang to the Commission on 13 November 2022, neither explained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-16e3e858a35d5dc8092822d8","record":{"id":"display-claim-16e3e858a35d5dc8092822d8","kind":"analysis","text":"In the debtors' account, Ellison also began dissipating estate assets on 9 November 2022 through attempted transactions with LayerZero, ultimately agreeing to transfer equity and warrants worth far more than the $45 million loan they purported to release, and the same day purported to give BlockFi International security pledges of hundreds of millions of dollars. The debtors sued LayerZero Labs and others (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50492) to recover the assets and about $41 million of preferential transfers; the defendants answered, and in May 2024 discovery was continuing. No response by Ellison to this description was retained.","source_ids":["src-009","src-068","src-073"],"entity_ids":["caroline-ellison","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-ellison-nov9"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In the debtors' account, Ellison also began dissipating estate assets on 9 November 2022 through attempted transactions with LayerZero, ultimately agreeing to transfer equity and warrants worth far more than the $45 million loan they purported to release, and the same day purported to give BlockFi International security pledges of hundreds of millions of dollars. The debtors sued LayerZero Labs and others (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50492) to recover the assets and about $41 million of preferential transfers; the defendants answered, and in May 2024 discovery was continuing. No response by Ellison to this description was retained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-ded3852cd56e0d603f10ddf1","record":{"id":"display-claim-ded3852cd56e0d603f10ddf1","kind":"analysis","text":"By April 2023 the debtors had recovered and secured more than $1.4 billion of digital assets in cold storage and identified a further $1.7 billion, including more than $140 million found by code that scanned more than 10 million customer wallets; by June 2023 they reported about $7 billion of recovered liquid assets, and by September 2023 about $7 billion of distributable value against more than about $16 billion of customer claims. On 16 October 2023 FTX Trading Ltd. and the other debtors announced a settlement with representatives of non-U.S. customers, the creditors' committee and class representatives of the dispute over whether customers owned the exchange assets: assets would be split into pools for FTX.com customers, FTX US customers and a general pool, customers would hold a \"Shortfall Claim\" estimated at about $8.9 billion for FTX.com and $166 million for FTX US, and 66% of the general pool would go to those shortfall claims alone.","source_ids":["src-025","src-036","src-009","src-037"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrss"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-recoveries","c-cust-shortfall-settlement"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: By April 2023 the debtors had recovered and secured more than $1.4 billion of digital assets in cold storage and identified a further $1.7 billion, including more than $140 million found by code that scanned more than 10 million customer wallets; by June 2023 they reported about $7 billion of recovered liquid assets, and by September 2023 about $7 billion of distributable value against more than about $16 billion of customer claims. On 16 October 2023 FTX Trading Ltd. and the other debtors announced a settlement with representatives of non-U.S. customers, the creditors' committee and class representatives of the dispute over whether customers owned the exchange assets: assets would be split into pools for FTX.com customers, FTX US customers and a general pool, customers would hold a \"Shortfall Claim\" estimated at about $8.9 billion for FTX.com and $166 million for FTX US, and 66% of the general pool would go to those shortfall claims alone."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d7d7ccf8f7465e7783450f3d","record":{"id":"display-claim-d7d7ccf8f7465e7783450f3d","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Digital Markets Ltd. was incorporated in the Bahamas on 22 July 2021 and licensed and registered as a digital asset business by the Securities Commission of the Bahamas on 10 September 2021; its liquidators state that FTX Trading Ltd. is its sole shareholder and funded its growth, and the debtors' disclosure statement likewise calls it a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading. The debtors' second interim report says that in July 2021 a senior FTX Group attorney offered a former Bahamian government official, acting as an attorney, a $1 million \"bonus\" to obtain the licence within ten weeks, and that it was obtained in less than six; neither person is named, and the record contains no response from them and no finding on the payment.","source_ids":["src-008","src-068","src-036"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","scb"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-incorporation","c-fdm-license-bonus"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Digital Markets Ltd. was incorporated in the Bahamas on 22 July 2021 and licensed and registered as a digital asset business by the Securities Commission of the Bahamas on 10 September 2021; its liquidators state that FTX Trading Ltd. is its sole shareholder and funded its growth, and the debtors' disclosure statement likewise calls it a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading. The debtors' second interim report says that in July 2021 a senior FTX Group attorney offered a former Bahamian government official, acting as an attorney, a $1 million \"bonus\" to obtain the licence within ten weeks, and that it was obtained in less than six; neither person is named, and the record contains no response from them and no finding on the payment."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-7d8fd5547930841b4219dc8f","record":{"id":"display-claim-7d8fd5547930841b4219dc8f","kind":"analysis","text":"The liquidators list its officers as Sam Bankman-Fried (chairman and director from 22 July 2021), Ryan Salame (chief executive and director from the same day, previously at Alameda), Gary Wang (chief technology officer), Nishad Singh (director of engineering) and Constance Wang (chief operating officer), the last three from 1 January 2022, and Can Sun (legal counsel from 1 October 2022). It employed 83 staff, among them Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, mainly to operate the FTX International Platform; the liquidators later gave 67 of them redundancy notices. Ray's declaration says its balance sheet was consolidated into FTX Trading's, showing assets of about $149.3 million on 30 September 2022; the balance sheet the liquidators found, dated 5 October, showed $396.4 million of assets and $297.6 million of liabilities, almost all an intercompany payable they understood to be owed to FTX Trading; their summary of its position also lists $819.0 million of liabilities for funds held for customers, with customer claims still to be determined. The liquidators note that its balance sheet did not include digital assets, and the two balance sheets, of different dates, were prepared under former management before any verification.","source_ids":["src-008","src-001"],"entity_ids":["fdm","sbf","ryan-salame","gary-wang","nishad-singh","constance-wang","can-sun","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers","c-fdm-consolidation"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The liquidators list its officers as Sam Bankman-Fried (chairman and director from 22 July 2021), Ryan Salame (chief executive and director from the same day, previously at Alameda), Gary Wang (chief technology officer), Nishad Singh (director of engineering) and Constance Wang (chief operating officer), the last three from 1 January 2022, and Can Sun (legal counsel from 1 October 2022). It employed 83 staff, among them Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, mainly to operate the FTX International Platform; the liquidators later gave 67 of them redundancy notices. Ray's declaration says its balance sheet was consolidated into FTX Trading's, showing assets of about $149.3 million on 30 September 2022; the balance sheet the liquidators found, dated 5 October, showed $396.4 million of assets and $297.6 million of liabilities, almost all an intercompany payable they understood to be owed to FTX Trading; their summary of its position also lists $819.0 million of liabilities for funds held for customers, with customer claims still to be determined. The liquidators note that its balance sheet did not include digital assets, and the two balance sheets, of different dates, were prepared under former management before any verification."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a405a3c3de166cc5b521e52e","record":{"id":"display-claim-a405a3c3de166cc5b521e52e","kind":"analysis","text":"An internal policy of 16 August 2021 declared that \"FDM is ultimately responsible for the safeguarding of its customers' assets\" and committed the company to segregate customer fiat and virtual assets. The liquidators found that client money nevertheless appears to have been commingled, with substantial flows among its customer accounts and between FTX Digital Markets, FTX Trading and Alameda. They identified more than $5.6 billion of transfers from its custodial accounts to FTX Trading Ltd. and $2.1 billion of related-party transfers to Alameda, some possibly legitimate withdrawals; material fiat transfers between the custodial accounts of FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading had no documented basis or approval and created no intercompany debt. Of $219.5 million they found in its accounts, about $137 million was labelled as held for customers.","source_ids":["src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-safeguarding","c-fdm-flows-jpl"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: An internal policy of 16 August 2021 declared that \"FDM is ultimately responsible for the safeguarding of its customers' assets\" and committed the company to segregate customer fiat and virtual assets. The liquidators found that client money nevertheless appears to have been commingled, with substantial flows among its customer accounts and between FTX Digital Markets, FTX Trading and Alameda. They identified more than $5.6 billion of transfers from its custodial accounts to FTX Trading Ltd. and $2.1 billion of related-party transfers to Alameda, some possibly legitimate withdrawals; material fiat transfers between the custodial accounts of FTX Digital Markets and FTX Trading had no documented basis or approval and created no intercompany debt. Of $219.5 million they found in its accounts, about $137 million was labelled as held for customers."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-8ec239bc9ca529f9b3cdbe91","record":{"id":"display-claim-8ec239bc9ca529f9b3cdbe91","kind":"analysis","text":"The liquidators' bank-statement analysis shows FTX Digital Markets receiving $200.6 million from Alameda Research LLC, $2,988.2 million from Alameda Research Ltd and $579.1 million from North Dimension Inc., and paying $5.0 million, $700.7 million and $1,400.9 million to them respectively. The liquidators use \"Alameda\" for all three companies together. The debtors' second interim report states that the group appears to have used FTX Digital Markets' accounts partly as a pass-through to funnel at least $5.4 billion of customer deposits to FTX Trading Ltd., tracing one chain from an Alameda account through two FTX Trading accounts to FTX Digital Markets' operating account, which received about $402 million in six transfers between September 2021 and August 2022. The liquidators disputed several of the debtors' positions until the settlement.","source_ids":["src-008","src-036","src-068","src-056"],"entity_ids":["fdm","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","north-dimension","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-alameda-flows","c-fdm-flows-jpl","c-fdm-pass-through"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The liquidators' bank-statement analysis shows FTX Digital Markets receiving $200.6 million from Alameda Research LLC, $2,988.2 million from Alameda Research Ltd and $579.1 million from North Dimension Inc., and paying $5.0 million, $700.7 million and $1,400.9 million to them respectively. The liquidators use \"Alameda\" for all three companies together. The debtors' second interim report states that the group appears to have used FTX Digital Markets' accounts partly as a pass-through to funnel at least $5.4 billion of customer deposits to FTX Trading Ltd., tracing one chain from an Alameda account through two FTX Trading accounts to FTX Digital Markets' operating account, which received about $402 million in six transfers between September 2021 and August 2022. The liquidators disputed several of the debtors' positions until the settlement."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-331f1dde1914cb7e06dd9278","record":{"id":"display-claim-331f1dde1914cb7e06dd9278","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Digital Markets paid for most of the group's Bahamian real estate. Its liquidators identified 52 properties costing $255.4 million, most titled to FTX Property Holdings Ltd, FTX Trading's subsidiary formed to hold property on New Providence, but funded by FTX Digital Markets and booked as its receivable: 38 titled to FTX Property for $204.5 million included 15 units at Albany ($140.4 million), an office suite at the Veridian Corporate Centre ($25.3 million) and 16 units at Ocean Terraces ($17.4 million), and $256.3 million of FTX Digital Markets' $276.2 million of confirmed intercompany receivables was owed by FTX Property. Several titles appeared to be in the names of individual employees or relatives of Bankman-Fried. The debtors' report puts real estate spending at over $243 million, at the direction of Bankman-Fried and other executives, from accounts holding commingled customer and corporate funds, including a $30 million Albany penthouse bought in January 2022 that housed senior executives.","source_ids":["src-008","src-036"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-property","ftx-trading","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-properties-jpl","c-fdm-properties-ray"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Digital Markets paid for most of the group's Bahamian real estate. Its liquidators identified 52 properties costing $255.4 million, most titled to FTX Property Holdings Ltd, FTX Trading's subsidiary formed to hold property on New Providence, but funded by FTX Digital Markets and booked as its receivable: 38 titled to FTX Property for $204.5 million included 15 units at Albany ($140.4 million), an office suite at the Veridian Corporate Centre ($25.3 million) and 16 units at Ocean Terraces ($17.4 million), and $256.3 million of FTX Digital Markets' $276.2 million of confirmed intercompany receivables was owed by FTX Property. Several titles appeared to be in the names of individual employees or relatives of Bankman-Fried. The debtors' report puts real estate spending at over $243 million, at the direction of Bankman-Fried and other executives, from accounts holding commingled customer and corporate funds, including a $30 million Albany penthouse bought in January 2022 that housed senior executives."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-ae7882b77aad8331d0091f08","record":{"id":"display-claim-ae7882b77aad8331d0091f08","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors give an example of a property bought for an employee with money wired from Alameda and from FTX Digital Markets, which had received it from FTX Trading; the employee signed a promissory note to Alameda four months after the purchase, and other insiders received purported loans from Alameda without any note. In December 2022 the liquidators moved to dismiss FTX Property Holdings' Chapter 11 case; under their cooperation agreement with the debtors a Bahamian liquidation of FTX Property would be opened and the liquidators would manage the sales in coordination with the debtors.","source_ids":["src-025","src-008"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc","ftx-property"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-employee-property","c-fdm-property-proceedings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors give an example of a property bought for an employee with money wired from Alameda and from FTX Digital Markets, which had received it from FTX Trading; the employee signed a promissory note to Alameda four months after the purchase, and other insiders received purported loans from Alameda without any note. In December 2022 the liquidators moved to dismiss FTX Property Holdings' Chapter 11 case; under their cooperation agreement with the debtors a Bahamian liquidation of FTX Property would be opened and the liquidators would manage the sales in coordination with the debtors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f785cd4c59b16d71b0b6d50e","record":{"id":"display-claim-f785cd4c59b16d71b0b6d50e","kind":"analysis","text":"By the liquidators' account, when Binance announced that it would sell its FTT holdings the Securities Commission received a tip-off from Ryan Salame that client assets held with it had been sent to Alameda without customers' consent; the company had failed to answer the Commission's urgent queries in a timely manner. The account does not name the Alameda company or the amounts. On 10 November 2022 the Commission froze FTX Digital Markets' assets and the Supreme Court of the Bahamas appointed Brian Simms KC of Lennox Paton as provisional liquidator, joined on 14 November by Peter Greaves of PwC Hong Kong and Kevin Cambridge of PwC Bahamas; the proceeding kept FTX Digital Markets out of the Chapter 11 case. In February 2023 the liquidators reported that its licence was suspended. A Gibraltar law firm reported that the Royal Bahamas Police Force was said to be investigating with the Commission whether any criminal misconduct had occurred; no statement by the police or outcome of such an inquiry was retained.","source_ids":["src-008","src-001","src-044"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ryan-salame","scb","alameda-llc","brian-simms","peter-greaves","kevin-cambridge","lennox-paton","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-salame-tipoff","c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-police"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: By the liquidators' account, when Binance announced that it would sell its FTT holdings the Securities Commission received a tip-off from Ryan Salame that client assets held with it had been sent to Alameda without customers' consent; the company had failed to answer the Commission's urgent queries in a timely manner. The account does not name the Alameda company or the amounts. On 10 November 2022 the Commission froze FTX Digital Markets' assets and the Supreme Court of the Bahamas appointed Brian Simms KC of Lennox Paton as provisional liquidator, joined on 14 November by Peter Greaves of PwC Hong Kong and Kevin Cambridge of PwC Bahamas; the proceeding kept FTX Digital Markets out of the Chapter 11 case. In February 2023 the liquidators reported that its licence was suspended. A Gibraltar law firm reported that the Royal Bahamas Police Force was said to be investigating with the Commission whether any criminal misconduct had occurred; no statement by the police or outcome of such an inquiry was retained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-fe4ee3f50d50e69d379444f4","record":{"id":"display-claim-fe4ee3f50d50e69d379444f4","kind":"analysis","text":"The liquidators sought recognition in the United States under Chapter 15 on 15 November 2022; after the case moved to Delaware, the Bankruptcy Court recognised the Bahamian proceeding as a foreign main proceeding on 15 February 2023. The $143.2 million in FTX Digital Markets' U.S. accounts could not be remitted to the liquidators without that order, and on 20 January 2023 the liquidators learned that the Department of Justice had seized the whole amount between 28 and 30 December 2022; the debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement puts the cash seized from its accounts at about $150 million, a figure not reconciled with the liquidators'. The Supreme Court of the Bahamas placed the company into official liquidation on 10 November 2023, a year after the Commission's freeze that followed the tip-off, and in a publication of 19 June 2024 the Swiss regulator FINMA announced that it had recognised the order, allowing the liquidators to recover funds held at Klarpay AG.","source_ids":["src-068","src-011","src-008","src-046","src-001"],"entity_ids":["fdm","doj","brian-simms","kevin-cambridge","peter-greaves","finma","klarpay","ryan-salame","scb","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-chapter-15","c-fdm-doj-seizure","c-fdm-official-liquidation","c-fdm-salame-tipoff"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The liquidators sought recognition in the United States under Chapter 15 on 15 November 2022; after the case moved to Delaware, the Bankruptcy Court recognised the Bahamian proceeding as a foreign main proceeding on 15 February 2023. The $143.2 million in FTX Digital Markets' U.S. accounts could not be remitted to the liquidators without that order, and on 20 January 2023 the liquidators learned that the Department of Justice had seized the whole amount between 28 and 30 December 2022; the debtors' May 2024 disclosure statement puts the cash seized from its accounts at about $150 million, a figure not reconciled with the liquidators'. The Supreme Court of the Bahamas placed the company into official liquidation on 10 November 2023, a year after the Commission's freeze that followed the tip-off, and in a publication of 19 June 2024 the Swiss regulator FINMA announced that it had recognised the order, allowing the liquidators to recover funds held at Klarpay AG."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-71c4c6d73dd22954e71efb90","record":{"id":"display-claim-71c4c6d73dd22954e71efb90","kind":"analysis","text":"The two estates soon disagreed over who owned the customer relationships. The liquidators reported that the international platform's terms of service were updated on 13 May 2022 to name FTX Digital Markets as a party, so that customers who kept using the platform were migrated to it, a migration they said still needed confirmatory data and directions from the Bahamian court; in filings reported in June 2023 they argued that anyone using an FTX.com account after that date made FTX Digital Markets the counterparty for services covering about 90% of trading, and that its accounts received and paid out $13.4 billion between January and November 2022. The debtors answered that FTX Digital Markets was a short-lived provider of limited \"match-making\" services on an exchange built, owned and run by FTX Trading, that over 90% of FTX.com customers had joined before it began operating and that it was \"an economic nullity\" that never earned third-party revenue. The liquidators also said that services under the May 2022 terms that were not FTX Digital Markets' own regulated services were delivered by FTX Trading Ltd. and LT Baskets Limited and, apart from NFT trading, did not appear to fall outside the Bahamian digital assets act, leaving open whether those companies had breached the Bahamian digital assets act; no later finding on that point was retained.","source_ids":["src-008","src-088","src-056"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","lt-baskets"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-migration-jpl","c-fdm-other-services"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The two estates soon disagreed over who owned the customer relationships. The liquidators reported that the international platform's terms of service were updated on 13 May 2022 to name FTX Digital Markets as a party, so that customers who kept using the platform were migrated to it, a migration they said still needed confirmatory data and directions from the Bahamian court; in filings reported in June 2023 they argued that anyone using an FTX.com account after that date made FTX Digital Markets the counterparty for services covering about 90% of trading, and that its accounts received and paid out $13.4 billion between January and November 2022. The debtors answered that FTX Digital Markets was a short-lived provider of limited \"match-making\" services on an exchange built, owned and run by FTX Trading, that over 90% of FTX.com customers had joined before it began operating and that it was \"an economic nullity\" that never earned third-party revenue. The liquidators also said that services under the May 2022 terms that were not FTX Digital Markets' own regulated services were delivered by FTX Trading Ltd. and LT Baskets Limited and, apart from NFT trading, did not appear to fall outside the Bahamian digital assets act, leaving open whether those companies had breached the Bahamian digital assets act; no later finding on that point was retained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d35f8dbc7f32675d1ef4de5f","record":{"id":"display-claim-d35f8dbc7f32675d1ef4de5f","kind":"analysis","text":"After a cooperation agreement of 6 January 2023, the debtors sued FTX Digital Markets and its liquidators on 19 March 2023 (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145), seeking a declaration that it had no interest in the debtors' crypto, fiat, intellectual property or customer information, or that transfers to it were avoidable. FTX Digital Markets answered and counterclaimed and filed claims of about $7.7 billion for fraudulent transfers and $1.1 billion for indemnification, with further claims for intercompany dealings and property and corporate expenses. On 19 December 2023 the estates announced a global settlement: they would pool assets and coordinate distributions so that FTX.com customers in both proceedings receive substantially identical recoveries, with customers other than insiders able to choose where their claims were handled. The Bahamian court sanctioned it on 22 January 2024 and the Bankruptcy Court approved it later that month; under an accompanying agency agreement FTX Digital Markets became the exclusive agent for selling 35 luxury Bahamian properties. Under the debtors' plan, a loan from FTX Trading Ltd. to FTX Digital Markets made with the settlement is set off against amounts the debtors owe it.","source_ids":["src-068","src-056","src-008","src-088"],"entity_ids":["fdm","ftx-trading","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-fdm-dispute","c-fdm-global-settlement","c-fdm-plan-setoff","c-fdm-migration-jpl"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: After a cooperation agreement of 6 January 2023, the debtors sued FTX Digital Markets and its liquidators on 19 March 2023 (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145), seeking a declaration that it had no interest in the debtors' crypto, fiat, intellectual property or customer information, or that transfers to it were avoidable. FTX Digital Markets answered and counterclaimed and filed claims of about $7.7 billion for fraudulent transfers and $1.1 billion for indemnification, with further claims for intercompany dealings and property and corporate expenses. On 19 December 2023 the estates announced a global settlement: they would pool assets and coordinate distributions so that FTX.com customers in both proceedings receive substantially identical recoveries, with customers other than insiders able to choose where their claims were handled. The Bahamian court sanctioned it on 22 January 2024 and the Bankruptcy Court approved it later that month; under an accompanying agency agreement FTX Digital Markets became the exclusive agent for selling 35 luxury Bahamian properties. Under the debtors' plan, a loan from FTX Trading Ltd. to FTX Digital Markets made with the settlement is set off against amounts the debtors owe it."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-87da765963f45d3d17d7ac16","record":{"id":"display-claim-87da765963f45d3d17d7ac16","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Europe AG is the former Digital Assets DA AG (DAAG), a Swiss company acquired with its subsidiaries under three share purchase agreements of 25 October 2020, 2 July 2021 and 14 November 2021 from Patrick Gruhn, Brandon Williams and Lorem Ipsum UG, which is wholly owned by Robin Matzke. According to the debtors, FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin Investments Ltd. made the purchases and paid the sellers $273,499,994 in cash and USDC between 29 June 2021 and 5 October 2022 for the shares and earn-outs, besides promising or transferring FTX shares. The debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 describes Williams as an employee and shareholder of DAAG before the purchase.","source_ids":["src-067","src-031","src-092","src-108"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-trading","maclaurin","patrick-gruhn","brandon-williams","lorem-ipsum","robin-matzke"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-williams"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Europe AG is the former Digital Assets DA AG (DAAG), a Swiss company acquired with its subsidiaries under three share purchase agreements of 25 October 2020, 2 July 2021 and 14 November 2021 from Patrick Gruhn, Brandon Williams and Lorem Ipsum UG, which is wholly owned by Robin Matzke. According to the debtors, FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin Investments Ltd. made the purchases and paid the sellers $273,499,994 in cash and USDC between 29 June 2021 and 5 October 2022 for the shares and earn-outs, besides promising or transferring FTX shares. The debtors' complaint of 12 July 2023 describes Williams as an employee and shareholder of DAAG before the purchase."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-69679d7d7180377c293c7b6c","record":{"id":"display-claim-69679d7d7180377c293c7b6c","kind":"analysis","text":"Under the first agreement, Alameda Ventures Ltd. (later Maclaurin) agreed to pay Crypto Lawyers, Ernest Ukaj and Lorem Ipsum $700,000 for 5% of DAAG, a $14 million valuation; under the second it was to pay Gruhn, Williams and Lorem Ipsum $55.5 million for 15%, sending $18.5 million each to Williams, Matzke and Gruhn around the end of June 2021. In November 2021 it sold that 20% to FTX Trading Ltd. for $62.5 million under an intercompany agreement Bankman-Fried signed for both sides, after FTX Trading's general counsel noticed that the third agreement wrongly said FTX Trading already owned it. Under the third agreement FTX Trading bought the rest for a package worth up to $320 million, including $166,666,656.26 in cash at closing: Williams received his full $83,333,312.50 at closing, while Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum were each due $41,666,671.88 at closing plus conditional future payments tied to acquiring a licensed European broker; the complaint says the price implied a $400 million valuation, more than 2,700% above the first agreement. The complaint also describes a joint venture of DAAG, CM-Equity AG and FTX Trading GmbH to offer tokenized equities to FTX.com users, with FTX Trading GmbH referring users to CM-Equity's licensed brokerage.","source_ids":["src-092"],"entity_ids":["maclaurin","ftx-europe","ernest-ukaj","lorem-ipsum","patrick-gruhn","brandon-williams","robin-matzke","ftx-trading","sbf","cm-equity","ftx-trading-gmbh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-spa1-spa2","c-eu-spa3","c-eu-joint-venture"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Under the first agreement, Alameda Ventures Ltd. (later Maclaurin) agreed to pay Crypto Lawyers, Ernest Ukaj and Lorem Ipsum $700,000 for 5% of DAAG, a $14 million valuation; under the second it was to pay Gruhn, Williams and Lorem Ipsum $55.5 million for 15%, sending $18.5 million each to Williams, Matzke and Gruhn around the end of June 2021. In November 2021 it sold that 20% to FTX Trading Ltd. for $62.5 million under an intercompany agreement Bankman-Fried signed for both sides, after FTX Trading's general counsel noticed that the third agreement wrongly said FTX Trading already owned it. Under the third agreement FTX Trading bought the rest for a package worth up to $320 million, including $166,666,656.26 in cash at closing: Williams received his full $83,333,312.50 at closing, while Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum were each due $41,666,671.88 at closing plus conditional future payments tied to acquiring a licensed European broker; the complaint says the price implied a $400 million valuation, more than 2,700% above the first agreement. The complaint also describes a joint venture of DAAG, CM-Equity AG and FTX Trading GmbH to offer tokenized equities to FTX.com users, with FTX Trading GmbH referring users to CM-Equity's licensed brokerage."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-eb06f4b17f2cfe7497834643","record":{"id":"display-claim-eb06f4b17f2cfe7497834643","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' disclosure statement summarises the result: about $376 million of consideration in crypto, cash and stock, $56 million of it deferred and still unpaid at the petition date; before the petition FTX Europe had moved all of its roughly $105 million of crypto assets to FTX.com, which with other losses left it over-indebted under Swiss law, and legacy liabilities of more than $125 million made a quick sale impossible.","source_ids":["src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-disclosure-summary"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' disclosure statement summarises the result: about $376 million of consideration in crypto, cash and stock, $56 million of it deferred and still unpaid at the petition date; before the petition FTX Europe had moved all of its roughly $105 million of crypto assets to FTX.com, which with other losses left it over-indebted under Swiss law, and legacy liabilities of more than $125 million made a quick sale impossible."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a234b26d9616b11d932944c1","record":{"id":"display-claim-a234b26d9616b11d932944c1","kind":"analysis","text":"In the debtors' account, Bankman-Fried and other insiders caused FTX Trading Ltd. and an affiliate to buy DAAG at a valuation of nearly $400 million without due diligence or negotiation, although it had little business and no intellectual property beyond a business plan, because they believed its founders could open doors to European regulators and licences; the debtors note that the European licence later bought (K-DNA) cost €2 million. They allege that FTX Trading paid bonus, stock and earn-out instalments to Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum in 2022, when Gruhn and Matzke were Head of FTX Europe and its Head of Legal and reported directly to Bankman-Fried, from an FTX Trading account holding commingled customer deposits and corporate funds.","source_ids":["src-009","src-067","src-079","src-092"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-europe","sbf","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-eu-earnouts"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In the debtors' account, Bankman-Fried and other insiders caused FTX Trading Ltd. and an affiliate to buy DAAG at a valuation of nearly $400 million without due diligence or negotiation, although it had little business and no intellectual property beyond a business plan, because they believed its founders could open doors to European regulators and licences; the debtors note that the European licence later bought (K-DNA) cost €2 million. They allege that FTX Trading paid bonus, stock and earn-out instalments to Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum in 2022, when Gruhn and Matzke were Head of FTX Europe and its Head of Legal and reported directly to Bankman-Fried, from an FTX Trading account holding commingled customer deposits and corporate funds."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-8e975e37efee3e2a8c83af34","record":{"id":"display-claim-8e975e37efee3e2a8c83af34","kind":"analysis","text":"The complaint further alleges that FTX Europe and FTX Switzerland paid at least $4 million to Gruhn's company Kephas, doing business as DAAG Technology Services, for IT and consulting work without a written contract, with invoices explaining only $1.65 million, and that DAAG paid $5 million to Mohammad Hans Dastmaltchi under an agreement of 5 June 2021, signed by Gruhn as purported chairman of DAAG's board, to help find a licensed Cypriot investment firm; the debtors say they found no record of Gruhn on DAAG's board, and no response from Dastmaltchi was retained.","source_ids":["src-092","src-079"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","ftx-switzerland","kephas","patrick-gruhn","mohammad-dastmaltchi"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-kephas-payments","c-eu-dastmaltchi"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The complaint further alleges that FTX Europe and FTX Switzerland paid at least $4 million to Gruhn's company Kephas, doing business as DAAG Technology Services, for IT and consulting work without a written contract, with invoices explaining only $1.65 million, and that DAAG paid $5 million to Mohammad Hans Dastmaltchi under an agreement of 5 June 2021, signed by Gruhn as purported chairman of DAAG's board, to help find a licensed Cypriot investment firm; the debtors say they found no record of Gruhn on DAAG's board, and no response from Dastmaltchi was retained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-ef185e9f75c57a3a042262a7","record":{"id":"display-claim-ef185e9f75c57a3a042262a7","kind":"analysis","text":"Gruhn was Head of FTX Europe from November 2021 until 12 July 2023, when the debtors sued him and ended his employment; Matzke, sole managing director and shareholder of Lorem Ipsum UG, was Head of Legal until his consulting contract expired in May 2023. In June 2023 Gruhn filed a claim against FTX Trading Ltd. of at least $33.4 million and Lorem Ipsum one of at least $62.0 million, and Matzke later filed a customer claim of more than $64 million. On 12 July 2023 Maclaurin and FTX Trading sued Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50437) for avoidable transfers and breach of fiduciary duty, seeking about $323.5 million. The defendants moved to dismiss the complaint in October 2023 and also sought dismissal of the Chapter 11 cases of FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin, motions the debtors called a litigation tactic.","source_ids":["src-009","src-067","src-079","src-092"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","maclaurin","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-litigation","c-eu-earnouts"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Gruhn was Head of FTX Europe from November 2021 until 12 July 2023, when the debtors sued him and ended his employment; Matzke, sole managing director and shareholder of Lorem Ipsum UG, was Head of Legal until his consulting contract expired in May 2023. In June 2023 Gruhn filed a claim against FTX Trading Ltd. of at least $33.4 million and Lorem Ipsum one of at least $62.0 million, and Matzke later filed a customer claim of more than $64 million. On 12 July 2023 Maclaurin and FTX Trading sued Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50437) for avoidable transfers and breach of fiduciary duty, seeking about $323.5 million. The defendants moved to dismiss the complaint in October 2023 and also sought dismissal of the Chapter 11 cases of FTX Trading Ltd. and Maclaurin, motions the debtors called a litigation tactic."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3de450c1ae23226681766c30","record":{"id":"display-claim-3de450c1ae23226681766c30","kind":"analysis","text":"The dispute was settled by a stipulation of 7 February 2024 among FTX Trading Ltd., Maclaurin, Lorem Ipsum UG, Gruhn, Matzke, Williams, Martha Lambrianou and another party, which Judge John T. Dorsey approved on 18 March 2024 without any finding on the allegations. The motions to dismiss were withdrawn with prejudice, the claims of Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum were disallowed, as were two claims for $161.2 million that Lambrianou, FTX EU Ltd's last pre-petition director, had filed on its behalf against FTX Trading Ltd. and FTX Switzerland; Matzke's customer claim was allowed in an amount to be reconciled, releases were exchanged and the adversary proceeding was dismissed with prejudice. The debtors' releases cover companies Gruhn owns or co-owns, among them Kephas Corp, an IT provider to the debtors, WIB Technologies, DAAG USA LLC (27% each Gruhn and Williams) and P&W Digital Assets LLC, a market maker for FTX Europe companies owned by Williams and Gruhn.","source_ids":["src-067","src-079","src-068","src-092","src-009"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","maclaurin","lorem-ipsum","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","brandon-williams","martha-lambrianou","ftx-eu","ftx-europe","ftx-switzerland","marios-athinodorou","kephas","kephas-stiftung","wib","daag-usa","sheridan","pw-digital","jurg-bavaud","max-rhotert","ftx-trading-gmbh","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-settlement","c-eu-lambrianou","c-eu-released-parties","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-eu-kephas-payments"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The dispute was settled by a stipulation of 7 February 2024 among FTX Trading Ltd., Maclaurin, Lorem Ipsum UG, Gruhn, Matzke, Williams, Martha Lambrianou and another party, which Judge John T. Dorsey approved on 18 March 2024 without any finding on the allegations. The motions to dismiss were withdrawn with prejudice, the claims of Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum were disallowed, as were two claims for $161.2 million that Lambrianou, FTX EU Ltd's last pre-petition director, had filed on its behalf against FTX Trading Ltd. and FTX Switzerland; Matzke's customer claim was allowed in an amount to be reconciled, releases were exchanged and the adversary proceeding was dismissed with prejudice. The debtors' releases cover companies Gruhn owns or co-owns, among them Kephas Corp, an IT provider to the debtors, WIB Technologies, DAAG USA LLC (27% each Gruhn and Williams) and P&W Digital Assets LLC, a market maker for FTX Europe companies owned by Williams and Gruhn."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3598f65c6e711407d5d41bd8","record":{"id":"display-claim-3598f65c6e711407d5d41bd8","kind":"analysis","text":"As part of the settlement Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum agreed to have CredoMedia GmbH buy FTX EU Ltd, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, FTX Structured Products AG and FTX Europe's operating assets for $32.7 million; the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale on 18 March 2024 and it closed on 10 May 2024. The purchase agreement counts FTX Trading GmbH among FTX Europe's subsidiaries, whereas the November 2022 ownership statement lists it as wholly owned by FTX Trading Ltd. An earlier motion of January 2024 had instead proposed that FTX Trading Ltd. buy FTX Europe's shares in FTX EU and FTX Switzerland. German register data show Gruhn as CredoMedia's shareholder until June 2024 and its managing director until March 2024; in July 2026 it was renamed Trek Labs GmbH, turned to distributed-ledger consulting, and Can Sun, formerly general counsel of FTX Trading Ltd., became its sole managing director. The register does not show who owned it after June 2024 or any link to Trek Labs Europe Ltd beyond the name.","source_ids":["src-067","src-068","src-005","src-094","src-070"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","credomedia","ftx-eu","ftx-switzerland","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-certificates","ftx-structured-products","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","ftx-crypto-services","max-rhotert","can-sun"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-sale","c-eu-credomedia"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: As part of the settlement Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum agreed to have CredoMedia GmbH buy FTX EU Ltd, FTX Switzerland GmbH, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates GmbH, FTX Structured Products AG and FTX Europe's operating assets for $32.7 million; the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale on 18 March 2024 and it closed on 10 May 2024. The purchase agreement counts FTX Trading GmbH among FTX Europe's subsidiaries, whereas the November 2022 ownership statement lists it as wholly owned by FTX Trading Ltd. An earlier motion of January 2024 had instead proposed that FTX Trading Ltd. buy FTX Europe's shares in FTX EU and FTX Switzerland. German register data show Gruhn as CredoMedia's shareholder until June 2024 and its managing director until March 2024; in July 2026 it was renamed Trek Labs GmbH, turned to distributed-ledger consulting, and Can Sun, formerly general counsel of FTX Trading Ltd., became its sole managing director. The register does not show who owned it after June 2024 or any link to Trek Labs Europe Ltd beyond the name."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1bb0621c2013f9360343b117","record":{"id":"display-claim-1bb0621c2013f9360343b117","kind":"analysis","text":"In November 2024 Modulus Global Incorporated sued Ernest Ukaj, Gruhn, Matzke, Williams, Lorem Ipsum UG, Lorem Ipsum RM UG, Kephas, WIB Technologies, DAAG USA and another defendant in the U.S. District Court for Arizona under the Defend Trade Secrets Act; the retained docket summary shows only the parties and the nature of the suit.","source_ids":["src-106"],"entity_ids":["modulus-global","ernest-ukaj","wib","patrick-gruhn","daag-usa","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","brandon-williams","kephas"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In November 2024 Modulus Global Incorporated sued Ernest Ukaj, Gruhn, Matzke, Williams, Lorem Ipsum UG, Lorem Ipsum RM UG, Kephas, WIB Technologies, DAAG USA and another defendant in the U.S. District Court for Arizona under the Defend Trade Secrets Act; the retained docket summary shows only the parties and the nature of the suit."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-5729507b9a079154abc1fc00","record":{"id":"display-claim-5729507b9a079154abc1fc00","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Europe's board asked the District Court of Höfe for a provisional moratorium on 4 April 2023 because the company was over-indebted under Swiss law. The court granted it on 11 April 2023 with Holenstein Brusa AG of Zurich as administrator, Franco Lorandi leading the mandate, extended it, granted a definitive moratorium on 24 November 2023 and extended that on 10 June 2024. A Swiss business report of January 2024 said the planned sale had not happened and creditors were being called to file claims by 9 February; court documents it cited put FTX Europe's cash at the collapse at $2.8 million.","source_ids":["src-014","src-068","src-084"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","holenstein-brusa","franco-lorandi"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-moratorium","c-eu-creditor-call"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Europe's board asked the District Court of Höfe for a provisional moratorium on 4 April 2023 because the company was over-indebted under Swiss law. The court granted it on 11 April 2023 with Holenstein Brusa AG of Zurich as administrator, Franco Lorandi leading the mandate, extended it, granted a definitive moratorium on 24 November 2023 and extended that on 10 June 2024. A Swiss business report of January 2024 said the planned sale had not happened and creditors were being called to file claims by 9 February; court documents it cited put FTX Europe's cash at the collapse at $2.8 million."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-56ad2ab77f89d279f5a75fbf","record":{"id":"display-claim-56ad2ab77f89d279f5a75fbf","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors negotiated restructuring agreements settling claims among FTX Europe, Alameda Research LLC, FTX Trading Ltd., CM-Equity AG and Binance (Switzerland) AG, which cut claims against the debtors by a net $14 million; the Swiss court approved them and the sale on 19 April 2024, after which FTX Europe was expected to repay its outside creditors in full, return about $30 million to FTX Trading and Alameda and liquidate solvently. The court lifted the moratorium on 12 September 2024, and on 31 October 2024 the general meeting dissolved the company, renamed FTX Europe AG in Liquidation, with Arturo Giovanoli as liquidator; register data reproduced by a company-information service show it as being cancelled. Its LEI record, now lapsed, names no parent: it carries a reporting exception instead of FTX Trading Ltd.","source_ids":["src-068","src-014","src-031","src-120","src-121"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","cm-equity","binance-switzerland","holenstein-brusa","franco-lorandi","arturo-giovanoli","ftx-certificates"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-restructuring","c-eu-moratorium","c-eu-liquidation","c-eu-europe-lei"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors negotiated restructuring agreements settling claims among FTX Europe, Alameda Research LLC, FTX Trading Ltd., CM-Equity AG and Binance (Switzerland) AG, which cut claims against the debtors by a net $14 million; the Swiss court approved them and the sale on 19 April 2024, after which FTX Europe was expected to repay its outside creditors in full, return about $30 million to FTX Trading and Alameda and liquidate solvently. The court lifted the moratorium on 12 September 2024, and on 31 October 2024 the general meeting dissolved the company, renamed FTX Europe AG in Liquidation, with Arturo Giovanoli as liquidator; register data reproduced by a company-information service show it as being cancelled. Its LEI record, now lapsed, names no parent: it carries a reporting exception instead of FTX Trading Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b7bf35148c082a1012c2a9fa","record":{"id":"display-claim-b7bf35148c082a1012c2a9fa","kind":"analysis","text":"Register publications record Matzke as president and Jürg Bavaud as a board member from 18 February 2022, when the company took the name FTX Europe AG, with Kilian Schärli as secretary until November 2022. A Swiss business publication reported in November 2022 that Martin Liebi had joined the board in June 2022 and that the register listed \"ftx Trading Limited, Nassau, BHS\" as owner. Liebi left in early 2023 and Matzke on 29 March 2023; Bavaud left and Giovanoli joined, as published on 5 January 2024. A Swiss business news site reported on 15 November 2022 that Gruhn, who called himself a crypto lawyer, was not registered in any FTX company but appeared to be the operational managing director of FTX Europe, and that FTX had at least six companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, set up from early 2022 around FTX Europe as hub, five at one address in Pfäffikon SZ, with Bavaud on all five Swiss boards. Citing another Swiss news report on filings in Delaware, a local news site reported that FTX Europe and its companies were to be sold quickly in the bankruptcy because of regulatory pressure, including from FINMA.","source_ids":["src-032","src-041","src-014","src-075","src-042"],"entity_ids":["ftx-europe","robin-matzke","jurg-bavaud","kilian-scharli","martin-liebi","ftx-trading","arturo-giovanoli","patrick-gruhn","ftx-switzerland","ftx-general-partners","ftx-derivatives","ftx-structured-products","ftx-certificates","finma"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-board-2022","c-eu-board-2023","c-eu-gruhn-unregistered","c-eu-swiss-network","c-eu-sale-plan-2023"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Register publications record Matzke as president and Jürg Bavaud as a board member from 18 February 2022, when the company took the name FTX Europe AG, with Kilian Schärli as secretary until November 2022. A Swiss business publication reported in November 2022 that Martin Liebi had joined the board in June 2022 and that the register listed \"ftx Trading Limited, Nassau, BHS\" as owner. Liebi left in early 2023 and Matzke on 29 March 2023; Bavaud left and Giovanoli joined, as published on 5 January 2024. A Swiss business news site reported on 15 November 2022 that Gruhn, who called himself a crypto lawyer, was not registered in any FTX company but appeared to be the operational managing director of FTX Europe, and that FTX had at least six companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, set up from early 2022 around FTX Europe as hub, five at one address in Pfäffikon SZ, with Bavaud on all five Swiss boards. Citing another Swiss news report on filings in Delaware, a local news site reported that FTX Europe and its companies were to be sold quickly in the bankruptcy because of regulatory pressure, including from FINMA."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-fb2563ef22cde7c7698b96fd","record":{"id":"display-claim-fb2563ef22cde7c7698b96fd","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX EU Ltd was formerly K-DNA Financial Services Ltd, incorporated in Cyprus on 10 September 2014 and licensed by CySEC as an investment firm on 23 April 2015. According to the debtors, Matzke personally agreed on 22 October 2021 to buy K-DNA from Proverial Ltd. and another shareholder for €2 million and assigned his rights to DAAG; after CySEC's non-objection of 6 September 2022 the shares passed to FTX Europe AG, which became sole owner. The disclosure statement describes FTX EU (\"FTX Cyprus\") as responsible for onboarding European customers to FTX.com.","source_ids":["src-092","src-122","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu","robin-matzke","proverial","ftx-europe"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-kdna"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX EU Ltd was formerly K-DNA Financial Services Ltd, incorporated in Cyprus on 10 September 2014 and licensed by CySEC as an investment firm on 23 April 2015. According to the debtors, Matzke personally agreed on 22 October 2021 to buy K-DNA from Proverial Ltd. and another shareholder for €2 million and assigned his rights to DAAG; after CySEC's non-objection of 6 September 2022 the shares passed to FTX Europe AG, which became sole owner. The disclosure statement describes FTX EU (\"FTX Cyprus\") as responsible for onboarding European customers to FTX.com."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-0bf5de8d2963552c0699e9af","record":{"id":"display-claim-0bf5de8d2963552c0699e9af","kind":"analysis","text":"CySEC suspended FTX EU Ltd's authorisation in full from 11 November 2022 on suspicion that it did not meet the conditions on the suitability of its management and on safeguarding client assets; during the suspension it could not provide services or take new clients but could, at clients' wish, complete their transactions and return their funds and instruments. A reconciliation carried out afterwards with the debtors' advisers found that it had not kept enough segregated assets to repay its customers and faced a substantial shortfall, so that a quick return of customer funds, a key condition for lifting the suspension, was impossible. CySEC extended the suspension on 30 October 2024.","source_ids":["src-034","src-033","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu","cysec","mfsa"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-cysec-suspension","c-eu-cyprus-shortfall"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: CySEC suspended FTX EU Ltd's authorisation in full from 11 November 2022 on suspicion that it did not meet the conditions on the suitability of its management and on safeguarding client assets; during the suspension it could not provide services or take new clients but could, at clients' wish, complete their transactions and return their funds and instruments. A reconciliation carried out afterwards with the debtors' advisers found that it had not kept enough segregated assets to repay its customers and faced a substantial shortfall, so that a quick return of customer funds, a key condition for lifting the suspension, was impossible. CySEC extended the suspension on 30 October 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3f9a581dd5dd7bbeb6179a6f","record":{"id":"display-claim-3f9a581dd5dd7bbeb6179a6f","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX EU was among the companies whose sale to former insiders of FTX Europe, through CredoMedia GmbH, the Bankruptcy Court approved in March 2024. In January 2025 two crypto-industry news reports said the FTX estate had complained that Backpack Exchange's plans to pay former FTX EU customers were unauthorized; according to one, the estate said it had not known that Backpack bought FTX EU, disclaimed responsibility for repaying its customers and could not verify Backpack's statements, and the share transfer was still awaited. The estate's statement itself was not retained. Backpack said it had bought FTX EU from Gruhn and Matzke in a transaction approved by CySEC and public since June 2024, and told one outlet it paid $32.7 million in April 2024; Gruhn said he had begun a change-of-control procedure with CySEC in May 2024, that FTX EU would become Backpack EU and distribute the former FTX EU funds to clients, and that FTX had no direct relationship with Backpack.","source_ids":["src-067","src-068","src-005","src-052","src-112"],"entity_ids":["patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","credomedia","ftx-eu","ftx-switzerland","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-certificates","ftx-structured-products","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","ftx-crypto-services","backpack","cysec"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-sale","c-eu-backpack"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX EU was among the companies whose sale to former insiders of FTX Europe, through CredoMedia GmbH, the Bankruptcy Court approved in March 2024. In January 2025 two crypto-industry news reports said the FTX estate had complained that Backpack Exchange's plans to pay former FTX EU customers were unauthorized; according to one, the estate said it had not known that Backpack bought FTX EU, disclaimed responsibility for repaying its customers and could not verify Backpack's statements, and the share transfer was still awaited. The estate's statement itself was not retained. Backpack said it had bought FTX EU from Gruhn and Matzke in a transaction approved by CySEC and public since June 2024, and told one outlet it paid $32.7 million in April 2024; Gruhn said he had begun a change-of-control procedure with CySEC in May 2024, that FTX EU would become Backpack EU and distribute the former FTX EU funds to clients, and that FTX had no direct relationship with Backpack."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a97f6efd81f9234aa974bf88","record":{"id":"display-claim-a97f6efd81f9234aa974bf88","kind":"analysis","text":"CySEC's register now lists the firm, registration 335683 and licence 273/15, as Trek Labs Europe Ltd, formerly FTX EU Ltd, trading as Backpack EU, with an address in Nicosia; GLEIF records the same company's earlier names as K-DNA Financial Services Ltd and FTX EU Ltd and reports an exception instead of naming a parent. On 23 June 2025 CySEC recalled the suspension, having been satisfied that the company complied.","source_ids":["src-015","src-122","src-099","src-052","src-112"],"entity_ids":["ftx-eu","cysec","backpack","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-trek-labs-europe","c-eu-backpack"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: CySEC's register now lists the firm, registration 335683 and licence 273/15, as Trek Labs Europe Ltd, formerly FTX EU Ltd, trading as Backpack EU, with an address in Nicosia; GLEIF records the same company's earlier names as K-DNA Financial Services Ltd and FTX EU Ltd and reports an exception instead of naming a parent. On 23 June 2025 CySEC recalled the suspension, having been satisfied that the company complied."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1a1d5bf73354356b890e168c","record":{"id":"display-claim-1a1d5bf73354356b890e168c","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Switzerland GmbH began in 2018 as K & G Lawyers for International Business and Tax Law GmbH, founded by Gruhn, and was renamed Crypto Lawyers GmbH in 2019, Canco GmbH in June 2021 and FTX Switzerland GmbH in April 2022, after FTX Trading acquired it as part of DAAG; Max Rhotert, Crypto Lawyers' chief operating officer, later held the same post at FTX Europe. FTX Europe AG was entered as its member in April 2022; by December 2024 it no longer was, and the company had become TL Switzerland GmbH in Herisau. Its managing officers were Ernest Ukaj (2018-2021), Rhotert (2021-2023), Jürg Bavaud (2023-2024) and Aleks Marku (December 2024 to June 2026). Its subsidiary FTX Derivatives GmbH became TL Derivatives GmbH in September 2024, with Marku as managing officer, and is in liquidation.","source_ids":["src-047","src-117","src-092","src-048"],"entity_ids":["ftx-switzerland","patrick-gruhn","max-rhotert","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","ernest-ukaj","jurg-bavaud","aleks-marku","annekathrin-hohmann","ftx-derivatives"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland","c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers","c-eu-derivatives"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Switzerland GmbH began in 2018 as K & G Lawyers for International Business and Tax Law GmbH, founded by Gruhn, and was renamed Crypto Lawyers GmbH in 2019, Canco GmbH in June 2021 and FTX Switzerland GmbH in April 2022, after FTX Trading acquired it as part of DAAG; Max Rhotert, Crypto Lawyers' chief operating officer, later held the same post at FTX Europe. FTX Europe AG was entered as its member in April 2022; by December 2024 it no longer was, and the company had become TL Switzerland GmbH in Herisau. Its managing officers were Ernest Ukaj (2018-2021), Rhotert (2021-2023), Jürg Bavaud (2023-2024) and Aleks Marku (December 2024 to June 2026). Its subsidiary FTX Derivatives GmbH became TL Derivatives GmbH in September 2024, with Marku as managing officer, and is in liquidation."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d0af255db667175627962dc7","record":{"id":"display-claim-d0af255db667175627962dc7","kind":"analysis","text":"The Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden declared TL Switzerland GmbH bankrupt with effect from 29 May 2026 and suspended the proceedings for lack of assets on 10 September 2026.","source_ids":["src-047","src-117"],"entity_ids":["ftx-switzerland"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-tl-switzerland-bankruptcy"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The Cantonal Court of Appenzell Ausserrhoden declared TL Switzerland GmbH bankrupt with effect from 29 May 2026 and suspended the proceedings for lack of assets on 10 September 2026."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-80272cb43924c286d809c48e","record":{"id":"display-claim-80272cb43924c286d809c48e","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Certificates GmbH, registered in 2020 as Kali Hodling GmbH and later DAAG Certificates GmbH, is now TL Certificates GmbH; GLEIF records it as directly consolidated by FTX Europe AG from 31 December 2020, a record last updated in March 2023 that has since lapsed and does not reflect the 2024 sale. The same court opened bankruptcy proceedings against it and suspended them for lack of assets on 10 September 2026, with Marku recorded as its managing officer. FTX General Partners AG, registered in 2020 and now TL General Partners AG in Liquidation with Marku as sole board member, was declared bankrupt from 4 June 2026, and those proceedings were suspended on 14 September 2026.","source_ids":["src-055","src-086","src-119","src-069"],"entity_ids":["ftx-certificates","ftx-europe","aleks-marku","ftx-general-partners"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-certificates","c-eu-certificates-bankruptcy","c-eu-general-partners"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Certificates GmbH, registered in 2020 as Kali Hodling GmbH and later DAAG Certificates GmbH, is now TL Certificates GmbH; GLEIF records it as directly consolidated by FTX Europe AG from 31 December 2020, a record last updated in March 2023 that has since lapsed and does not reflect the 2024 sale. The same court opened bankruptcy proceedings against it and suspended them for lack of assets on 10 September 2026, with Marku recorded as its managing officer. FTX General Partners AG, registered in 2020 and now TL General Partners AG in Liquidation with Marku as sole board member, was declared bankrupt from 4 June 2026, and those proceedings were suspended on 14 September 2026."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-10d9bb5a6e451f44af93b53b","record":{"id":"display-claim-10d9bb5a6e451f44af93b53b","kind":"analysis","text":"In Liechtenstein, Bavaud joined the board of FTX Structured Products Ltd. in Ruggell in April 2023, replacing two members including Martin Liebi, left it in September 2024 and became its liquidator on 17 May 2025. In Germany, FTX Trading GmbH, registered in Hannover in December 2020, was renamed TL Trading GmbH in September 2024; Rhotert was its managing director until April 2023 and again from September 2024, with Bavaud in between. FTX Switzerland, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates and FTX Structured Products were among the companies that CredoMedia GmbH bought for $32.7 million under the settlement of 7 February 2024 with Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum, a sale the Bankruptcy Court approved on 18 March 2024 and that closed on 10 May 2024. The purchase agreement counts FTX Trading GmbH among FTX Europe's subsidiaries, whereas the November 2022 ownership statement lists it as wholly owned by FTX Trading Ltd.","source_ids":["src-087","src-049","src-067","src-068","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-structured-products","jurg-bavaud","martin-liebi","ftx-trading-gmbh","max-rhotert","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum","credomedia","ftx-eu","ftx-switzerland","ftx-certificates","ftx-europe","ftx-trading","ftx-crypto-services"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-eu-structured-products","c-eu-ftx-trading-gmbh","c-eu-sale"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In Liechtenstein, Bavaud joined the board of FTX Structured Products Ltd. in Ruggell in April 2023, replacing two members including Martin Liebi, left it in September 2024 and became its liquidator on 17 May 2025. In Germany, FTX Trading GmbH, registered in Hannover in December 2020, was renamed TL Trading GmbH in September 2024; Rhotert was its managing director until April 2023 and again from September 2024, with Bavaud in between. FTX Switzerland, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates and FTX Structured Products were among the companies that CredoMedia GmbH bought for $32.7 million under the settlement of 7 February 2024 with Gruhn, Matzke and Lorem Ipsum, a sale the Bankruptcy Court approved on 18 March 2024 and that closed on 10 May 2024. The purchase agreement counts FTX Trading GmbH among FTX Europe's subsidiaries, whereas the November 2022 ownership statement lists it as wholly owned by FTX Trading Ltd."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-b129b62768b6f52957800ada","record":{"id":"display-claim-b129b62768b6f52957800ada","kind":"analysis","text":"Liquid Group, Inc. was a holding company owning two crypto exchange operators, Quoine Corporation in Japan and Quoine Pte. Ltd. in Singapore. According to Seth Melamed, a Liquid shareholder and executive, Liquid borrowed $120 million from FTX Trading Ltd under a loan agreement of 30 August 2021, after a breach of some of Quoine's hot wallets that was attributed to North Korean state actors, and a non-binding term sheet for FTX's purchase of Liquid followed on 2 September 2021. Melamed signed his share purchase agreement on 19 November 2021; he says that at completion on 4 April 2022 his shares and options were transferred to FTX, which agreed to pay him $44,516,390.24, including 1,019,070 FTX shares, and that Liquid became FTX Japan Holdings, Quoine became FTX Japan and Quoine Singapore became FTX Singapore. The Singapore International Commercial Court found that FTX Japan Holdings K.K. was a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd and sole shareholder of Quoine Pte Ltd. ULS Group, a Tokyo-listed company, said in November 2022 that its business and capital alliance with QUOINE K.K. dated from 2016 and that it had dissolved the capital relationship on 19 April 2022.","source_ids":["src-089","src-035","src-058"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan","quoine-pte","ftx-trading","seth-melamed","uls-group"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-liquid-group","c-jp-liquid-acquisition","c-jp-uls"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Liquid Group, Inc. was a holding company owning two crypto exchange operators, Quoine Corporation in Japan and Quoine Pte. Ltd. in Singapore. According to Seth Melamed, a Liquid shareholder and executive, Liquid borrowed $120 million from FTX Trading Ltd under a loan agreement of 30 August 2021, after a breach of some of Quoine's hot wallets that was attributed to North Korean state actors, and a non-binding term sheet for FTX's purchase of Liquid followed on 2 September 2021. Melamed signed his share purchase agreement on 19 November 2021; he says that at completion on 4 April 2022 his shares and options were transferred to FTX, which agreed to pay him $44,516,390.24, including 1,019,070 FTX shares, and that Liquid became FTX Japan Holdings, Quoine became FTX Japan and Quoine Singapore became FTX Singapore. The Singapore International Commercial Court found that FTX Japan Holdings K.K. was a wholly owned subsidiary of FTX Trading Ltd and sole shareholder of Quoine Pte Ltd. ULS Group, a Tokyo-listed company, said in November 2022 that its business and capital alliance with QUOINE K.K. dated from 2016 and that it had dissolved the capital relationship on 19 April 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-09ee80a5048c8edc8f5410ee","record":{"id":"display-claim-09ee80a5048c8edc8f5410ee","kind":"analysis","text":"Japan's corporate register lists FTX Japan Holdings K.K. under corporate number 5010001199009 in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; a start-up database, undated, gives its establishment as 1 March 2019, its February 2022 announcement of the FTX transaction, and Kariya Kayamori as representative director with Melamed as chief operating officer, without saying when they held those posts.","source_ids":["src-016","src-045"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-trading","kariya-kayamori","seth-melamed"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-holdings-id"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Japan's corporate register lists FTX Japan Holdings K.K. under corporate number 5010001199009 in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; a start-up database, undated, gives its establishment as 1 March 2019, its February 2022 announcement of the FTX transaction, and Kariya Kayamori as representative director with Melamed as chief operating officer, without saying when they held those posts."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c3fd0382bdda95355bb54c24","record":{"id":"display-claim-c3fd0382bdda95355bb54c24","kind":"analysis","text":"On 10 November 2022 the Financial Services Agency announced that the Kanto Local Finance Bureau had ordered FTX Japan K.K., a registered crypto-asset exchange and Type I financial instruments business, to suspend business and improve its operations under the Payment Services Act, and had issued a domestic asset-holding order, a business suspension order and a business improvement order under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. A further domestic asset-holding order followed on 8 March 2024. No statement by FTX Japan answering the orders was retained, and the retained records do not show when the 2022 and 2024 orders were lifted.","source_ids":["src-058","src-078","src-017","src-104"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan","kanto-lfb"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-fsa-2022","c-jp-fsa-2024"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 10 November 2022 the Financial Services Agency announced that the Kanto Local Finance Bureau had ordered FTX Japan K.K., a registered crypto-asset exchange and Type I financial instruments business, to suspend business and improve its operations under the Payment Services Act, and had issued a domestic asset-holding order, a business suspension order and a business improvement order under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. A further domestic asset-holding order followed on 8 March 2024. No statement by FTX Japan answering the orders was retained, and the retained records do not show when the 2022 and 2024 orders were lifted."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-5f5dda8643b9dc161cddc016","record":{"id":"display-claim-5f5dda8643b9dc161cddc016","kind":"analysis","text":"Japanese customers were treated differently from FTX.com's: their terms stated that fiat deposits were held in a segregated trust, and the debtors acknowledge that the group segregated customer funds in Japan as local rules required. In his filing Melamed presents Quoine as a valuable licensed business, granted a Type 1 licence in October 2021 that required asset segregation and daily reconciliation, with 2021 monthly revenue across Japan and Singapore averaging $2.4 million; he states that FTX Japan resumed withdrawals on 21 February 2023, about 102 days after the petition, crediting the FTX Japan team's work and the fact that it had never commingled customer assets, and that by July 2024 some 13,000 customers had withdrawn about $200 million. The resumption date and these figures are his account and are not confirmed by any debtors' or regulator's record among the retained records.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068","src-035"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","ftx-japan","ftx-eu","wrss","seth-melamed","quoine-pte"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-tos-fiat","c-cust-segregation-exceptions","c-jp-liquid-claims-value","c-jp-withdrawals"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Japanese customers were treated differently from FTX.com's: their terms stated that fiat deposits were held in a segregated trust, and the debtors acknowledge that the group segregated customer funds in Japan as local rules required. In his filing Melamed presents Quoine as a valuable licensed business, granted a Type 1 licence in October 2021 that required asset segregation and daily reconciliation, with 2021 monthly revenue across Japan and Singapore averaging $2.4 million; he states that FTX Japan resumed withdrawals on 21 February 2023, about 102 days after the petition, crediting the FTX Japan team's work and the fact that it had never commingled customer assets, and that by July 2024 some 13,000 customers had withdrawn about $200 million. The resumption date and these figures are his account and are not confirmed by any debtors' or regulator's record among the retained records."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-459a9405e7db4d1eb2864a2f","record":{"id":"display-claim-459a9405e7db4d1eb2864a2f","kind":"analysis","text":"On 19 June 2024 FTX Japan Holdings and bitFlyer Holdings, Inc. signed a share transfer agreement for all of FTX Japan K.K.; the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale on 16 July 2024 and dismissed FTX Japan's Chapter 11 case effective on closing, and the transfer was completed on 26 July 2024. bitFlyer announced that day that Melamed, Kurt Knipp and Atsushi Taira were leaving their posts and that Koya Takahashi, at the company since 2020 and a director of both FTX Japan companies from September 2022, would be representative director; on 28 August 2024 bitFlyer announced that FTX Japan had been renamed Custodiem, Inc., keeping its crypto-asset exchange and Type I financial instruments registrations.","source_ids":["src-035","src-100","src-118","src-082","src-104"],"entity_ids":["ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-japan","bitflyer-holdings","seth-melamed","kurt-knipp","koya-takahashi"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-sale","c-jp-management-change","c-jp-custodiem"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 19 June 2024 FTX Japan Holdings and bitFlyer Holdings, Inc. signed a share transfer agreement for all of FTX Japan K.K.; the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale on 16 July 2024 and dismissed FTX Japan's Chapter 11 case effective on closing, and the transfer was completed on 26 July 2024. bitFlyer announced that day that Melamed, Kurt Knipp and Atsushi Taira were leaving their posts and that Koya Takahashi, at the company since 2020 and a director of both FTX Japan companies from September 2022, would be representative director; on 28 August 2024 bitFlyer announced that FTX Japan had been renamed Custodiem, Inc., keeping its crypto-asset exchange and Type I financial instruments registrations."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-24e64652ac61c5d8096327f2","record":{"id":"display-claim-24e64652ac61c5d8096327f2","kind":"analysis","text":"Quoine Pte Ltd, incorporated in Singapore in 2014, filed its own Chapter 11 case on 11 November 2022. Its board appointed Kurt Knipp and Philippe Taverne as foreign representatives in November 2024, and on 12 February 2025 the Singapore International Commercial Court recognised the case as a foreign main proceeding, finding that post-petition events had moved Quoine's centre of main interests to the United States; it granted relief tied to the debtors' plan but declined to recognise nine of the U.S. orders listed. The court recorded that Quoine no longer did business in Singapore, that the Liquid.com exchange had ceased trading, that its cash had moved to U.S. accounts under new U.S. management and that its digital assets were in the custody of BitGo Trust Company in the United States. Indian company records list Knipp as a director of Quoine India Private Limited, one of the original Chapter 11 debtors (its case was dismissed in April 2024), from 30 September 2024 and Kayamori among its past directors.","source_ids":["src-089","src-073","src-091","src-095"],"entity_ids":["quoine-pte","ftx-trading","kurt-knipp","philippe-taverne","ftx-japan-holdings","quoine-india","kariya-kayamori"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-quoine-pte","c-jp-quoine-wind-down","c-jp-quoine-india"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Quoine Pte Ltd, incorporated in Singapore in 2014, filed its own Chapter 11 case on 11 November 2022. Its board appointed Kurt Knipp and Philippe Taverne as foreign representatives in November 2024, and on 12 February 2025 the Singapore International Commercial Court recognised the case as a foreign main proceeding, finding that post-petition events had moved Quoine's centre of main interests to the United States; it granted relief tied to the debtors' plan but declined to recognise nine of the U.S. orders listed. The court recorded that Quoine no longer did business in Singapore, that the Liquid.com exchange had ceased trading, that its cash had moved to U.S. accounts under new U.S. management and that its digital assets were in the custody of BitGo Trust Company in the United States. Indian company records list Knipp as a director of Quoine India Private Limited, one of the original Chapter 11 debtors (its case was dismissed in April 2024), from 30 September 2024 and Kayamori among its past directors."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-8d7245c5a06a6fc32715999a","record":{"id":"display-claim-8d7245c5a06a6fc32715999a","kind":"analysis","text":"Melamed says he became representative director and chief operating officer under a management agreement signed at completion, joined FTX Singapore's board in August 2022, stayed on at FTX Japan after the petition until the sale, and was terminated without cause as representative director of FTX Japan Holdings on 30 July 2024. He filed six claims: $35.6 million against FTX Trading for the sale of his Liquid shares, plus service fees of $52,500 and a $200,000 bonus against the Japanese and Singapore companies. He alleges that FTX misled him in the Liquid transaction with false audited financial statements, false statements that customer assets were segregated, concealment of Alameda's privileges, a false FTX Trading balance sheet and fraud in the Series B-1 round. The debtors objected on 10 July 2024, asking the court to disallow his main claim or reduce it and subordinate it as an equity claim, and to disallow the fee and bonus claims. No ruling is in the retained records: he appealed to the District Court, where mediation was found inappropriate in November 2024, and in October 2026 he was still litigating a reconsideration motion, while the docket also lists his suit against the FTX Recovery Trust.","source_ids":["src-035","src-057","src-073"],"entity_ids":["seth-melamed","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-holdings","quoine-pte","bitflyer-holdings","ftx-trading","ftx-recovery-trust"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-roles","c-jp-melamed-claims","c-jp-melamed-allegations","c-jp-melamed-appeal"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Melamed says he became representative director and chief operating officer under a management agreement signed at completion, joined FTX Singapore's board in August 2022, stayed on at FTX Japan after the petition until the sale, and was terminated without cause as representative director of FTX Japan Holdings on 30 July 2024. He filed six claims: $35.6 million against FTX Trading for the sale of his Liquid shares, plus service fees of $52,500 and a $200,000 bonus against the Japanese and Singapore companies. He alleges that FTX misled him in the Liquid transaction with false audited financial statements, false statements that customer assets were segregated, concealment of Alameda's privileges, a false FTX Trading balance sheet and fraud in the Series B-1 round. The debtors objected on 10 July 2024, asking the court to disallow his main claim or reduce it and subordinate it as an equity claim, and to disallow the fee and bonus claims. No ruling is in the retained records: he appealed to the District Court, where mediation was found inappropriate in November 2024, and in October 2026 he was still litigating a reconsideration motion, while the docket also lists his suit against the FTX Recovery Trust."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-85edf011f381fcb697eda19d","record":{"id":"display-claim-85edf011f381fcb697eda19d","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists a $6,000,000 cash payment to Kayamori on 4 April 2022, describing his relationship to the debtor as director or officer. Kayamori filed claims against FTX and FTX Japan in June 2023; after the debtors objected in July 2024 he responded and asked to file his response under seal, describing the material as including the Liquid share purchase agreement, his separation agreement with the debtors and the debtors' financial statements. The retained records do not show how his claims were resolved.","source_ids":["src-096","src-011"],"entity_ids":["kariya-kayamori","ftx-trading","ftx-japan"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-jp-kayamori"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists a $6,000,000 cash payment to Kayamori on 4 April 2022, describing his relationship to the debtor as director or officer. Kayamori filed claims against FTX and FTX Japan in June 2023; after the debtors objected in July 2024 he responded and asked to file his response under seal, describing the material as including the Liquid share purchase agreement, his separation agreement with the debtors and the debtors' financial statements. The retained records do not show how his claims were resolved."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-ab2ae71e4d5698e924d70543","record":{"id":"display-claim-ab2ae71e4d5698e924d70543","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first interim report states that management and governance of the FTX Group was largely limited to Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, with Bankman-Fried viewed as having the final voice in all significant decisions and the other two largely deferring to him; the three, without experience in risk management or running a business, controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group, with isolated exceptions such as FTX Japan. Ray's first-day declaration adds that many group companies, especially those in Antigua and the Bahamas, lacked appropriate corporate governance and many never held board meetings. These are findings of the debtors' post-collapse management.","source_ids":["src-025","src-001"],"entity_ids":["sbf","nishad-singh","gary-wang","ftx-trading","ftx-japan"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-control"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first interim report states that management and governance of the FTX Group was largely limited to Bankman-Fried, Singh and Wang, with Bankman-Fried viewed as having the final voice in all significant decisions and the other two largely deferring to him; the three, without experience in risk management or running a business, controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group, with isolated exceptions such as FTX Japan. Ray's first-day declaration adds that many group companies, especially those in Antigua and the Bahamas, lacked appropriate corporate governance and many never held board meetings. These are findings of the debtors' post-collapse management."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-e9c64b9484c1d36f5348b91c","record":{"id":"display-claim-e9c64b9484c1d36f5348b91c","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading's Form D of November 2021 names Bankman-Fried as executive officer and director and Jonathan Cheesman and Arthur Thomas as directors. Its statement of financial affairs lists the directors in control at filing as Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited, Singh and Bankman-Fried, with Can Sun as general counsel and Paper Bird Inc. as controlling shareholder, and records that Daniel Friedberg left as chief regulatory officer on 9 November 2022 and Cheesman as director on 2 June 2022. The debtors later relied on a different record: according to FTX Trading's register of directors, they said, only Bankman-Fried and Singh were directors at filing, the others being former directors, and Singh resigned by email at 11:42 a.m. ET on 10 November 2022, leaving Bankman-Fried as sole director when he authorised the filing. They made that argument against motions by Patrick Gruhn, Robin Matzke and Lorem Ipsum UG, who had said FTX Trading had four directors; the motions were withdrawn in the 2024 settlement without a ruling on the point, and the register itself was not retained.","source_ids":["src-002","src-011","src-009","src-067","src-079"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","sbf","jonathan-cheesman","arthur-thomas","corporate-trust-services","nishad-singh","can-sun","paper-bird","daniel-friedberg","patrick-gruhn","robin-matzke","lorem-ipsum"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading's Form D of November 2021 names Bankman-Fried as executive officer and director and Jonathan Cheesman and Arthur Thomas as directors. Its statement of financial affairs lists the directors in control at filing as Thomas, Corporate & Trust Services Limited, Singh and Bankman-Fried, with Can Sun as general counsel and Paper Bird Inc. as controlling shareholder, and records that Daniel Friedberg left as chief regulatory officer on 9 November 2022 and Cheesman as director on 2 June 2022. The debtors later relied on a different record: according to FTX Trading's register of directors, they said, only Bankman-Fried and Singh were directors at filing, the others being former directors, and Singh resigned by email at 11:42 a.m. ET on 10 November 2022, leaving Bankman-Fried as sole director when he authorised the filing. They made that argument against motions by Patrick Gruhn, Robin Matzke and Lorem Ipsum UG, who had said FTX Trading had four directors; the motions were withdrawn in the 2024 settlement without a ruling on the point, and the register itself was not retained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-464cbf71855b325f43b38307","record":{"id":"display-claim-464cbf71855b325f43b38307","kind":"analysis","text":"Thomas was at the same time a member of the Eastern Caribbean Securities Regulatory Commission, which thanked him for over 15 years of service as commissioner from 2007, deputy chairman from 2010 and chairman from August 2020 until his resignation in November 2022; the Commission's notice does not mention FTX. An Antiguan news report describes him as a former chairman of Caribbean Union Bank and an Antiguan ambassador brought onto the FTX board in the summer of 2021 as a \"highly qualified independent director\", a date no filing confirms, and says that apart from Bankman-Fried, Cheesman and Thomas there was no true board, giving almost no visibility into the company's operations; no response from Thomas or Cheesman was retained.","source_ids":["src-010","src-024"],"entity_ids":["arthur-thomas","ftx-trading","ecsrc","caribbean-union-bank","sbf","jonathan-cheesman"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-arthur-thomas","c-gov-board-report"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Thomas was at the same time a member of the Eastern Caribbean Securities Regulatory Commission, which thanked him for over 15 years of service as commissioner from 2007, deputy chairman from 2010 and chairman from August 2020 until his resignation in November 2022; the Commission's notice does not mention FTX. An Antiguan news report describes him as a former chairman of Caribbean Union Bank and an Antiguan ambassador brought onto the FTX board in the summer of 2021 as a \"highly qualified independent director\", a date no filing confirms, and says that apart from Bankman-Fried, Cheesman and Thomas there was no true board, giving almost no visibility into the company's operations; no response from Thomas or Cheesman was retained."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-e22ca7b6aa68b9078f03459d","record":{"id":"display-claim-e22ca7b6aa68b9078f03459d","kind":"analysis","text":"In answer to the question on payments to insiders in the year before filing, FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists 23 payments totalling $602,094.29 to its corporate director Corporate & Trust Services Limited; $772,100 to Cheesman in January 2022; $1.5 million to Caroline Ellison in January 2022; five payments totalling $83,750,009.38 to Patrick Gruhn; $6,000,000 to Kariya Kayamori; $1,500,000 to Ryan Salame and $3,000,000 to Singh in December 2021; and the issue to Singh on 15 November 2021 of 44,000,000 FTX Trading shares under the 2020 equity incentive plan, valued at $477,840,000, without payment of the exercise price. It also lists $8.56 million of gifts in 2021, including $8,000,000 to New Venture Fund. The debtors note that their schedules may not include all transfers of crypto assets.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","corporate-trust-services","jonathan-cheesman","caroline-ellison","patrick-gruhn","kariya-kayamori","ryan-salame","nishad-singh"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments","c-gov-gifts"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In answer to the question on payments to insiders in the year before filing, FTX Trading's statement of financial affairs lists 23 payments totalling $602,094.29 to its corporate director Corporate & Trust Services Limited; $772,100 to Cheesman in January 2022; $1.5 million to Caroline Ellison in January 2022; five payments totalling $83,750,009.38 to Patrick Gruhn; $6,000,000 to Kariya Kayamori; $1,500,000 to Ryan Salame and $3,000,000 to Singh in December 2021; and the issue to Singh on 15 November 2021 of 44,000,000 FTX Trading shares under the 2020 equity incentive plan, valued at $477,840,000, without payment of the exercise price. It also lists $8.56 million of gifts in 2021, including $8,000,000 to New Venture Fund. The debtors note that their schedules may not include all transfers of crypto assets."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-36f51d1486821af958f11bb0","record":{"id":"display-claim-36f51d1486821af958f11bb0","kind":"analysis","text":"The same statement names the accounting firm Robert Lee & Associates, LLP of San Jose as keeper of FTX Trading's books from 11 November 2020, its role described as \"transitioning\", alongside three individual bookkeepers.","source_ids":["src-011"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","robert-lee-associates"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-bookkeepers"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The same statement names the accounting firm Robert Lee & Associates, LLP of San Jose as keeper of FTX Trading's books from 11 November 2020, its role described as \"transitioning\", alongside three individual bookkeepers."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d8202552da9d7a01d44b804f","record":{"id":"display-claim-d8202552da9d7a01d44b804f","kind":"analysis","text":"By an Omnibus Corporate Authority dated 10 November 2022, Bankman-Fried, as controlling owner or officer of West Realm Shires Inc., Paper Bird Inc., FTX Trading Ltd, Alameda Research LLC, Clifton Bay Investments LLC and other companies and their subsidiaries, authorised the appointment of John J. Ray III as chief executive with plenary authority, including to file under Chapter 11, and proposed Stephen Neal as chairman with new unaffiliated directors; the record does not show that Neal took up the post. At about 4:30 a.m. on 11 November 2022 Bankman-Fried agreed to resign and Ray became the debtors' chief executive with all corporate powers. Paper Bird ratified the arrangements as FTX Trading's controlling shareholder on 21 November 2022, and the independent directors of the Dotcom Silo, Judge Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny, ratified Ray's appointment and the petitions on 22 December 2022. Ray also placed Paper Bird and two other companies in the Ventures Silo and appointed Rishi Jain their sole director.","source_ids":["src-001","src-005","src-009","src-020"],"entity_ids":["sbf","john-ray","ftx-trading","wrs","paper-bird","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","clifton-bay","matt-doheny","joseph-farnan","rishi-jain"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-ventures-directors"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: By an Omnibus Corporate Authority dated 10 November 2022, Bankman-Fried, as controlling owner or officer of West Realm Shires Inc., Paper Bird Inc., FTX Trading Ltd, Alameda Research LLC, Clifton Bay Investments LLC and other companies and their subsidiaries, authorised the appointment of John J. Ray III as chief executive with plenary authority, including to file under Chapter 11, and proposed Stephen Neal as chairman with new unaffiliated directors; the record does not show that Neal took up the post. At about 4:30 a.m. on 11 November 2022 Bankman-Fried agreed to resign and Ray became the debtors' chief executive with all corporate powers. Paper Bird ratified the arrangements as FTX Trading's controlling shareholder on 21 November 2022, and the independent directors of the Dotcom Silo, Judge Joseph Farnan and Matt Doheny, ratified Ray's appointment and the petitions on 22 December 2022. Ray also placed Paper Bird and two other companies in the Ventures Silo and appointed Rishi Jain their sole director."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-4ad1b1872f67bcdf3712303c","record":{"id":"display-claim-4ad1b1872f67bcdf3712303c","kind":"analysis","text":"After the plan took effect, the FTX Recovery Trust was run by trustees listed with their occupations in an undated schedule filed with the SEC: Matthew Doheny, Judge Joseph Farnan (ret.), Peter Greaves of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Rishi Jain of Accordion, John J. Ray III, Matthew Rosenberg of Lincoln Park Advisors, Brian Simms KC of Lennox Paton, Mitchell Sonkin of the ResCap Liquidating Trust and Paul Copley; Simms and Greaves were also liquidators of FTX Digital Markets. Professional profiles describe Farnan, a former judge, as often chosen as an independent director or trustee, including for FTX.com.","source_ids":["src-021","src-040","src-068","src-097","src-103","src-110","src-111"],"entity_ids":["ftx-recovery-trust","matt-doheny","joseph-farnan","peter-greaves","rishi-jain","john-ray","matt-rosenberg","brian-simms","mitchell-sonkin","paul-copley","fdm","lennox-paton"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: After the plan took effect, the FTX Recovery Trust was run by trustees listed with their occupations in an undated schedule filed with the SEC: Matthew Doheny, Judge Joseph Farnan (ret.), Peter Greaves of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Rishi Jain of Accordion, John J. Ray III, Matthew Rosenberg of Lincoln Park Advisors, Brian Simms KC of Lennox Paton, Mitchell Sonkin of the ResCap Liquidating Trust and Paul Copley; Simms and Greaves were also liquidators of FTX Digital Markets. Professional profiles describe Farnan, a former judge, as often chosen as an independent director or trustee, including for FTX.com."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c86d3351c83ab204ccef152b","record":{"id":"display-claim-c86d3351c83ab204ccef152b","kind":"analysis","text":"FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliates filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on 11 November 2022, and West Realm Shires Inc. on 14 November, in what Ray called a severe liquidity crisis that required filing on an emergency basis. The court authorised joint administration under FTX Trading's case number, 22-11068, on 22 November 2022, and the U.S. Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors on 15 December 2022; FTX Digital Markets' liquidators described the filings as covering FTX Trading and 133 affiliates. The case was administered by Judge John T. Dorsey, and its number later carries the initials of Chief Judge Karen B. Owens.","source_ids":["src-005","src-008","src-009","src-001","src-093","src-105","src-089"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","wrs","john-ray"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-filing"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliates filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on 11 November 2022, and West Realm Shires Inc. on 14 November, in what Ray called a severe liquidity crisis that required filing on an emergency basis. The court authorised joint administration under FTX Trading's case number, 22-11068, on 22 November 2022, and the U.S. Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors on 15 December 2022; FTX Digital Markets' liquidators described the filings as covering FTX Trading and 133 affiliates. The case was administered by Judge John T. Dorsey, and its number later carries the initials of Chief Judge Karen B. Owens."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-97dffcf9d0b8e4c6b140a910","record":{"id":"display-claim-97dffcf9d0b8e4c6b140a910","kind":"analysis","text":"The claims agent's case list gives each debtor its own number, from Alameda Research LLC (22-11066) and Alameda Research Ltd (22-11067) through FTX Japan Holdings, FTX Europe AG, Paper Bird Inc and many FTX Trading subsidiaries to Quoine Pte Ltd (22-11161), FTX EU Ltd. (22-11166) and West Realm Shires Inc. (22-11183). According to the debtors' disclosure statement, at their request the court later dismissed the cases of SNG Investments and FTX Turkey in February 2023, FTX Exchange FZE in August 2023, Liquid Financial USA, LiquidEX, Zubr Exchange and DAAG Trading, DMCC in November 2023, seven more companies, including FTX Products (Singapore), Quoine Vietnam, Innovatia and Quoine India, together with two Alameda subsidiaries, on 19 April 2024, and FTX Switzerland, FTX Certificates and FTX Structured Products from 10 May 2024; the disclosure statement leaves the date for FTX Trading GmbH and FTX EU Ltd. blank.","source_ids":["src-073","src-068"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","wrss","ftx-japan-holdings","ftx-europe","ftx-property","lt-baskets","allston-way","analisya","bancroft-way","liquid-securities-sg","maclaurin","mangrove-cay","paper-bird","quoine-india","quoine-vietnam","sng-investments","tsb","west-innovative-barista","western-concord","ftx-equity-record","ftx-exchange-fze","ftx-hong-kong","ftx-japan","ftx-japan-services","blockfolio","crypto-bahamas","deep-creek","ftx-gibraltar","ftx-canada","ftx-digital-holdings-sg","ftx-products-sg","ftx-services-solutions","ftx-structured-products","ftx-trading-gmbh","ftx-zuma","global-compass","innovatia","ftx-emea","hive-empire","quoine-pte","daag-trading","ftx-certificates","ftx-crypto-services","ftx-eu","ftx-switzerland","gg-trading","wrs","ftx-turkey","liquid-financial-usa","liquidex","zubr"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-case-numbers-1","c-ch11-case-numbers-2","c-ch11-dismissals"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The claims agent's case list gives each debtor its own number, from Alameda Research LLC (22-11066) and Alameda Research Ltd (22-11067) through FTX Japan Holdings, FTX Europe AG, Paper Bird Inc and many FTX Trading subsidiaries to Quoine Pte Ltd (22-11161), FTX EU Ltd. (22-11166) and West Realm Shires Inc. (22-11183). According to the debtors' disclosure statement, at their request the court later dismissed the cases of SNG Investments and FTX Turkey in February 2023, FTX Exchange FZE in August 2023, Liquid Financial USA, LiquidEX, Zubr Exchange and DAAG Trading, DMCC in November 2023, seven more companies, including FTX Products (Singapore), Quoine Vietnam, Innovatia and Quoine India, together with two Alameda subsidiaries, on 19 April 2024, and FTX Switzerland, FTX Certificates and FTX Structured Products from 10 May 2024; the disclosure statement leaves the date for FTX Trading GmbH and FTX EU Ltd. blank."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-57061e406cbcfa6fccc2927f","record":{"id":"display-claim-57061e406cbcfa6fccc2927f","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray stated that apart from the Bahamian and Australian proceedings no group company was then in insolvency proceedings elsewhere. In the first hours of 11 November 2022 the directors of the non-debtors FTX Australia Pty Ltd and FTX Express Pty Ltd appointed Scott Langdon, John Mouawad and Rahul Goyal of KordaMentha as voluntary administrators; a notice published by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission called the second creditors' meeting for 14 March 2024, whose result was not retained. In the Bahamas, Kurt Knipp was recognised as foreign representative of FTX Trading Ltd. and six other debtors by a declaratory order of 23 February 2023.","source_ids":["src-001","src-011","src-051"],"entity_ids":["ftx-australia","ftx-express","scott-langdon","john-mouawad","kordamentha","kurt-knipp","ftx-trading","wrs","wrss","alameda-llc","alameda-ltd","maclaurin","clifton-bay","john-ray"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray stated that apart from the Bahamian and Australian proceedings no group company was then in insolvency proceedings elsewhere. In the first hours of 11 November 2022 the directors of the non-debtors FTX Australia Pty Ltd and FTX Express Pty Ltd appointed Scott Langdon, John Mouawad and Rahul Goyal of KordaMentha as voluntary administrators; a notice published by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission called the second creditors' meeting for 14 March 2024, whose result was not retained. In the Bahamas, Kurt Knipp was recognised as foreign representative of FTX Trading Ltd. and six other debtors by a declaratory order of 23 February 2023."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-125367d5bbb8898d8e3e7f4f","record":{"id":"display-claim-125367d5bbb8898d8e3e7f4f","kind":"analysis","text":"To value customer claims in tokens the debtors largely controlled, the court in June 2024 discounted the market prices of MAPS, OXY and SRM by 100%, 99.9% and 18.6%, noting that the debtors held more than 99%, 97% and 95% of their supply. Among asset sales, Clifton Bay Investments' stake in a Sequoia Capital fund was sold for about $45 million in March 2023, and FTX Ventures agreed in January 2024 to sell a $100 million Dave Inc. convertible note back to Dave for $71 million plus a possible further payment. Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading sued Voyager Digital to recover preferential loan repayments and withdrawals; after Voyager had reserved $445 million for the claims, the two estates settled all claims between them in April 2024.","source_ids":["src-029","src-068","src-098"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","clifton-bay","ftx-ventures","dave-inc","alameda-ltd","voyager-digital"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-estimation","c-ch11-asset-sales","c-ch11-voyager"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: To value customer claims in tokens the debtors largely controlled, the court in June 2024 discounted the market prices of MAPS, OXY and SRM by 100%, 99.9% and 18.6%, noting that the debtors held more than 99%, 97% and 95% of their supply. Among asset sales, Clifton Bay Investments' stake in a Sequoia Capital fund was sold for about $45 million in March 2023, and FTX Ventures agreed in January 2024 to sell a $100 million Dave Inc. convertible note back to Dave for $71 million plus a possible further payment. Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading sued Voyager Digital to recover preferential loan repayments and withdrawals; after Voyager had reserved $445 million for the claims, the two estates settled all claims between them in April 2024."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-757d51ffc5520ff4604bce94","record":{"id":"display-claim-757d51ffc5520ff4604bce94","kind":"analysis","text":"The claims agent lists the adversary proceedings: suits by FTX Trading, alone or with other debtors, against Lorem Ipsum UG, LayerZero Labs, Mirana Corp., Ryan Salame, Genesis Block, SkyBridge Capital II and a series of political and advocacy organisations; suits by Alameda companies against Voyager Digital, FTX Digital Markets, Michael Giles and others, Bankman-Fried and Daniel Friedberg; actions by the FTX Recovery Trust, including one against Salame and others; and Melamed's suit against the trust. The list shows captions only, not claims or outcomes. In the Embed actions, over West Realm Shires' $236.8 million purchase of Embed Financial Technologies in September 2022, the court dismissed the actual-fraud counts in October 2024 and let the constructive-fraud counts proceed; the later outcome is not in the record.","source_ids":["src-073","src-105"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","lorem-ipsum","ryan-salame","skybridge-ii","alameda-ltd","alameda-llc","voyager-digital","fdm","michael-giles","sbf","daniel-friedberg","ftx-recovery-trust","seth-melamed","wrs","wrss","embed"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-ch11-embed"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The claims agent lists the adversary proceedings: suits by FTX Trading, alone or with other debtors, against Lorem Ipsum UG, LayerZero Labs, Mirana Corp., Ryan Salame, Genesis Block, SkyBridge Capital II and a series of political and advocacy organisations; suits by Alameda companies against Voyager Digital, FTX Digital Markets, Michael Giles and others, Bankman-Fried and Daniel Friedberg; actions by the FTX Recovery Trust, including one against Salame and others; and Melamed's suit against the trust. The list shows captions only, not claims or outcomes. In the Embed actions, over West Realm Shires' $236.8 million purchase of Embed Financial Technologies in September 2022, the court dismissed the actual-fraud counts in October 2024 and let the constructive-fraud counts proceed; the later outcome is not in the record."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f8ff1584005e1c0c7cac015c","record":{"id":"display-claim-f8ff1584005e1c0c7cac015c","kind":"analysis","text":"In November 2024 the debtors sought approval of a settlement with Sam Trabucco, co-chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd. with Caroline Ellison from August 2021 to August 2022, whom they found to have received about $40 million of potentially avoidable transfers besides about $20 million of cash compensation: he would hand over two San Francisco apartments bought for $8.7 million, a yacht bought for $2.51 million, paid by an Alameda wire after he moved 2.51 million USDC from his FTX.com account to Alameda, and his claims, including a $69.2 million FTX.com customer claim. The retained records do not show whether the court approved it. The FTX Group also filed a claim in Silvergate Capital's own bankruptcy, describing Silvergate as one of its banks from 2018 until the collapse; the outcome is not recorded.","source_ids":["src-059","src-101"],"entity_ids":["sam-trabucco","alameda-ltd","caroline-ellison","fdm","ftx-trading","wrss","silvergate","ftx-recovery-trust"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-trabucco","c-ch11-silvergate"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: In November 2024 the debtors sought approval of a settlement with Sam Trabucco, co-chief executive of Alameda Research Ltd. with Caroline Ellison from August 2021 to August 2022, whom they found to have received about $40 million of potentially avoidable transfers besides about $20 million of cash compensation: he would hand over two San Francisco apartments bought for $8.7 million, a yacht bought for $2.51 million, paid by an Alameda wire after he moved 2.51 million USDC from his FTX.com account to Alameda, and his claims, including a $69.2 million FTX.com customer claim. The retained records do not show whether the court approved it. The FTX Group also filed a claim in Silvergate Capital's own bankruptcy, describing Silvergate as one of its banks from 2018 until the collapse; the outcome is not recorded."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-980a381d2737ad0c2cb2e4be","record":{"id":"display-claim-980a381d2737ad0c2cb2e4be","kind":"analysis","text":"On 8 November 2024 FTX Trading Ltd., Island Bay Ventures and Clifton Bay Investments (formerly Alameda Research Ventures) sued SkyBridge Capital II, its general partner and coin fund, SALT Venture Group, Anthony Scaramucci and Brett Messing (Adv. Pro. No. 24-50209) to avoid three 2022 transactions which, according to the complaint, were: a sponsorship deal under which FTX agreed to pay SALT $12 million and FTX Trading paid $2 million; a $10 million investment in the SkyBridge Coin Fund funded through Alameda Research Ltd. from a Silvergate account that had just received customer deposits; and the purchase in September 2022 of 30% of SkyBridge Capital II and its general partner for $45 million, also funded by Alameda Research Ltd., with an option over a further 55% for $137.5 million. The complaint says Bankman-Fried caused debtor funds to be spent on each, and that SkyBridge sold the FTT and SRM it received for about $3 million against the debtors' wishes, in breach of its LLC agreement, before filing $45 million claims against many debtors; SALT claimed $8 million against FTX Trading. The debtors seek disallowance of those claims and damages from Scaramucci and Messing.","source_ids":["src-085","src-073"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","island-bay","clifton-bay","skybridge-ii","salt","anthony-scaramucci","alameda-ltd","sbf","north-dimension","north-wireless","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 8 November 2024 FTX Trading Ltd., Island Bay Ventures and Clifton Bay Investments (formerly Alameda Research Ventures) sued SkyBridge Capital II, its general partner and coin fund, SALT Venture Group, Anthony Scaramucci and Brett Messing (Adv. Pro. No. 24-50209) to avoid three 2022 transactions which, according to the complaint, were: a sponsorship deal under which FTX agreed to pay SALT $12 million and FTX Trading paid $2 million; a $10 million investment in the SkyBridge Coin Fund funded through Alameda Research Ltd. from a Silvergate account that had just received customer deposits; and the purchase in September 2022 of 30% of SkyBridge Capital II and its general partner for $45 million, also funded by Alameda Research Ltd., with an option over a further 55% for $137.5 million. The complaint says Bankman-Fried caused debtor funds to be spent on each, and that SkyBridge sold the FTT and SRM it received for about $3 million against the debtors' wishes, in breach of its LLC agreement, before filing $45 million claims against many debtors; SALT claimed $8 million against FTX Trading. The debtors seek disallowance of those claims and damages from Scaramucci and Messing."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-45b2fe8aa6b8e6b9bbfca929","record":{"id":"display-claim-45b2fe8aa6b8e6b9bbfca929","kind":"analysis","text":"The complaint also alleges that Scaramucci helped Bankman-Fried look for new equity after the purchase, introducing him in late October 2022 to the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, which produced an offer for Saudi state funds to invest up to $250 million in FTX, and arranging a meeting with the President of the United Arab Emirates; that on 9 November 2022 Messing proposed a release, already signed by Scaramucci, under which Island Bay would give up its stake without any return of capital, to which no one at FTX replied; and that SkyBridge II's December 2023 balance sheet showed only $28 million of assets when the crypto bought with FTX money should have been worth at least $60 million. These are the debtors' allegations; the retained records contain no answer by the defendants and no ruling.","source_ids":["src-085","src-073"],"entity_ids":["skybridge-ii","anthony-scaramucci","sbf","island-bay","ftx-trading","clifton-bay","salt","alameda-ltd","north-dimension","north-wireless","alameda-llc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-later","c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The complaint also alleges that Scaramucci helped Bankman-Fried look for new equity after the purchase, introducing him in late October 2022 to the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, which produced an offer for Saudi state funds to invest up to $250 million in FTX, and arranging a meeting with the President of the United Arab Emirates; that on 9 November 2022 Messing proposed a release, already signed by Scaramucci, under which Island Bay would give up its stake without any return of capital, to which no one at FTX replied; and that SkyBridge II's December 2023 balance sheet showed only $28 million of assets when the crypto bought with FTX money should have been worth at least $60 million. These are the debtors' allegations; the retained records contain no answer by the defendants and no ruling."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-67aeae0c05ab85adb36d922b","record":{"id":"display-claim-67aeae0c05ab85adb36d922b","kind":"analysis","text":"Emergent Fidelity Technologies Ltd, an Antigua company owned 90% by Bankman-Fried and 10% by Wang with Bankman-Fried as sole director, was formed to hold shares in Robinhood Markets; the two borrowed about $546 million from Alameda Research to fund it, and it held about 56 million Robinhood shares, 7.6% of the class. A creditor sought a receivership in Antigua on 17 November 2022, and the High Court appointed Angela Barkhouse and Toni Shukla of Quantuma as joint provisional liquidators. Around 6 January 2023 U.S. prosecutors seized about 55 million Robinhood shares and $20.7 million in cash held for Emergent in New York in connection with Bankman-Fried's prosecution, with competing claims by the debtors, Bankman-Fried, Emergent and BlockFi. Emergent filed its own Chapter 11 case in February 2023 and was jointly administered with the debtors. Emergent and its liquidators each answered the forfeiture order in the criminal case in June 2024, and the liquidators withdrew their petition in February 2025; the disclosure statement lists about $626 million, the proceeds of the Robinhood shares, among the assets held by the Department of Justice, which the debtors were working with on distribution to victims.","source_ids":["src-067","src-068","src-008","src-064","src-063"],"entity_ids":["emergent","sbf","gary-wang","alameda-llc","robinhood","angela-barkhouse","toni-shukla","doj","blockfi","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent","c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Emergent Fidelity Technologies Ltd, an Antigua company owned 90% by Bankman-Fried and 10% by Wang with Bankman-Fried as sole director, was formed to hold shares in Robinhood Markets; the two borrowed about $546 million from Alameda Research to fund it, and it held about 56 million Robinhood shares, 7.6% of the class. A creditor sought a receivership in Antigua on 17 November 2022, and the High Court appointed Angela Barkhouse and Toni Shukla of Quantuma as joint provisional liquidators. Around 6 January 2023 U.S. prosecutors seized about 55 million Robinhood shares and $20.7 million in cash held for Emergent in New York in connection with Bankman-Fried's prosecution, with competing claims by the debtors, Bankman-Fried, Emergent and BlockFi. Emergent filed its own Chapter 11 case in February 2023 and was jointly administered with the debtors. Emergent and its liquidators each answered the forfeiture order in the criminal case in June 2024, and the liquidators withdrew their petition in February 2025; the disclosure statement lists about $626 million, the proceeds of the Robinhood shares, among the assets held by the Department of Justice, which the debtors were working with on distribution to victims."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d92c0453a41bcb05576add0d","record":{"id":"display-claim-d92c0453a41bcb05576add0d","kind":"analysis","text":"On 7 October 2024 the debtors announced that the court had confirmed their plan: 98% of creditors by number would receive about 119% of their allowed claims within 60 days of the effective date, subject to know-your-customer and other requirements, and the debtors projected $14.7 billion to $16.5 billion of distributable value, including assets controlled by FTX Digital Markets' liquidators, FTX Australia's administrators, the U.S. Department of Justice and cooperating private parties. These are the debtors' projections at confirmation. Intercompany claims designated for cancellation (Class 9) are cancelled, released or settled without any distribution. The plan took effect on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust was established; on 4 June 2025 the trust moved for a final decree closing the cases of the consolidated debtors and separate subsidiaries while keeping FTX Trading's lead case open, and the retained proposed decree does not show when it was entered. A further appeal in the case was filed in the District Court on 14 September 2026; the retained docket summary does not name the appellant or the order appealed.","source_ids":["src-050","src-068","src-089","src-093","src-060"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","fdm","ftx-australia","doj","ftx-recovery-trust","paper-bird","maclaurin","ftx-europe","ftx-emea","ftx-property","quoine-pte","island-bay","ftx-ventures","ftx-japan-holdings"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ch11-plan","c-ch11-final-decree","c-ch11-appeal-2026"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 7 October 2024 the debtors announced that the court had confirmed their plan: 98% of creditors by number would receive about 119% of their allowed claims within 60 days of the effective date, subject to know-your-customer and other requirements, and the debtors projected $14.7 billion to $16.5 billion of distributable value, including assets controlled by FTX Digital Markets' liquidators, FTX Australia's administrators, the U.S. Department of Justice and cooperating private parties. These are the debtors' projections at confirmation. Intercompany claims designated for cancellation (Class 9) are cancelled, released or settled without any distribution. The plan took effect on 3 January 2025, when the FTX Recovery Trust was established; on 4 June 2025 the trust moved for a final decree closing the cases of the consolidated debtors and separate subsidiaries while keeping FTX Trading's lead case open, and the retained proposed decree does not show when it was entered. A further appeal in the case was filed in the District Court on 14 September 2026; the retained docket summary does not name the appellant or the order appealed."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-a52932b247d1be2efe9edac4","record":{"id":"display-claim-a52932b247d1be2efe9edac4","kind":"analysis","text":"Bankman-Fried was extradited from the Bahamas to the United States on 21 December 2022. The U.S. Attorney's Office stated that from 2019 to 2022 he took FTX customer funds for personal use, investments, political contributions and to repay billions of dollars of Alameda Research's loans, while telling customers, investors and the public that deposits were held in custody and that Alameda had no privileged access to FTX; it put the fraud on FTX investors at more than $1.7 billion and on Alameda's lenders at more than $1.3 billion. Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty and contested the charges; a jury in the Southern District of New York found him guilty on all seven counts of the final indictment (two of wire fraud, two of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit securities fraud, commodities fraud and money laundering), and on 28 March 2024 Judge Lewis A. Kaplan sentenced him to 25 years in prison, three years of supervised release and more than $11 billion in forfeiture, authorising the use of forfeited funds to compensate victims.","source_ids":["src-019","src-063","src-054","src-064","src-061"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-ltd","doj"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Bankman-Fried was extradited from the Bahamas to the United States on 21 December 2022. The U.S. Attorney's Office stated that from 2019 to 2022 he took FTX customer funds for personal use, investments, political contributions and to repay billions of dollars of Alameda Research's loans, while telling customers, investors and the public that deposits were held in custody and that Alameda had no privileged access to FTX; it put the fraud on FTX investors at more than $1.7 billion and on Alameda's lenders at more than $1.3 billion. Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty and contested the charges; a jury in the Southern District of New York found him guilty on all seven counts of the final indictment (two of wire fraud, two of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit securities fraud, commodities fraud and money laundering), and on 28 March 2024 Judge Lewis A. Kaplan sentenced him to 25 years in prison, three years of supervised release and more than $11 billion in forfeiture, authorising the use of forfeited funds to compensate victims."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-f6d5792efcb3731f929a48ec","record":{"id":"display-claim-f6d5792efcb3731f929a48ec","kind":"analysis","text":"His appeal (Second Circuit No. 24-0961) failed: the judgment was affirmed and the mandate issued on 4 August 2026. His motion for a new trial of February 2026, based on supposedly new evidence, and his request for the judge's recusal were denied on 28 April 2026, and on 7 May 2026 the court entered a preliminary order forfeiting substitute assets. FTX Trading Ltd. filed a third-party petition in the forfeiture proceedings in June 2024 and withdrew it in February 2025; Emergent's liquidators also withdrew theirs.","source_ids":["src-064","src-063"],"entity_ids":["sbf","doj","ftx-trading","emergent","fdm","blockfi"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf-appeal","c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: His appeal (Second Circuit No. 24-0961) failed: the judgment was affirmed and the mandate issued on 4 August 2026. His motion for a new trial of February 2026, based on supposedly new evidence, and his request for the judge's recusal were denied on 28 April 2026, and on 7 May 2026 the court entered a preliminary order forfeiting substitute assets. FTX Trading Ltd. filed a third-party petition in the forfeiture proceedings in June 2024 and withdrew it in February 2025; Emergent's liquidators also withdrew theirs."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-7a69f92bde7c83e8c7c0d675","record":{"id":"display-claim-7a69f92bde7c83e8c7c0d675","kind":"analysis","text":"Caroline Ellison, former chief executive of Alameda Research, pleaded guilty on 19 December 2022 to seven counts, including wire fraud and conspiracies to commit commodities, securities and wire fraud and money laundering, arising from schemes to defraud FTX's customers and investors, and cooperated. She was sentenced on 24 September 2024 to 24 months in prison and three years of supervised release, with forfeiture; the open counts were dismissed. Gary Wang, FTX's co-founder and chief technology officer, pleaded guilty the same day to four counts and cooperated; he was sentenced on 20 November 2024 to time served. Nishad Singh pleaded guilty on 28 February 2023 to the same felonies, agreed to forfeit assets received from FTX and Alameda, and was sentenced on 30 October 2024 to time served. For Wang and Singh the court declined to order restitution, finding that working out the cause and amount of the victims' losses would complicate and prolong sentencing. The debtors later summarised that the other founders and most senior executives had pleaded guilty to federal crimes arising from fraud and the misappropriation of FTX Group funds.","source_ids":["src-061","src-063","src-064","src-065","src-085","src-009"],"entity_ids":["caroline-ellison","doj","alameda-ltd","ftx-trading","gary-wang","nishad-singh","cftc","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-ellison","c-crim-wang","c-crim-singh","c-crim-guilty-summary"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Caroline Ellison, former chief executive of Alameda Research, pleaded guilty on 19 December 2022 to seven counts, including wire fraud and conspiracies to commit commodities, securities and wire fraud and money laundering, arising from schemes to defraud FTX's customers and investors, and cooperated. She was sentenced on 24 September 2024 to 24 months in prison and three years of supervised release, with forfeiture; the open counts were dismissed. Gary Wang, FTX's co-founder and chief technology officer, pleaded guilty the same day to four counts and cooperated; he was sentenced on 20 November 2024 to time served. Nishad Singh pleaded guilty on 28 February 2023 to the same felonies, agreed to forfeit assets received from FTX and Alameda, and was sentenced on 30 October 2024 to time served. For Wang and Singh the court declined to order restitution, finding that working out the cause and amount of the victims' losses would complicate and prolong sentencing. The debtors later summarised that the other founders and most senior executives had pleaded guilty to federal crimes arising from fraud and the misappropriation of FTX Group funds."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-44b4ce5155827c2328a46dcc","record":{"id":"display-claim-44b4ce5155827c2328a46dcc","kind":"analysis","text":"Ryan Salame, a senior figure at Alameda Research from 2019 to 2021 whom prosecutors describe as named co-chief executive of FTX Digital Markets in or about October 2021, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to make unlawful political contributions and defraud the Federal Election Commission and to conspiracy to run an unlicensed money transmitting business. Prosecutors stated that he conspired with Bankman-Fried and others to use FTX, Alameda and \"North Dimension\" to move FTX customer money without a licence, and that he and his co-conspirators made over 300 unlawful political contributions totalling tens of millions of dollars. On 28 May 2024 Judge Kaplan sentenced him to 90 months in prison; the docket orders $5,593,177.91 of restitution to FTX Trading Ltd.'s bankruptcy estate, a $500,000 fine and forfeiture of $1,561,187,623.74, a figure that differs from the press release's \"more than $6 million\" without explanation. After sentencing he petitioned for a writ of error coram nobis, which he later sought to withdraw; the court granted one continuance of his surrender date on 30 July 2024 but on 10 October 2024 denied a further motion to postpone surrender; a satisfaction of judgment of 29 December 2025 records payment of the restitution, fine and assessment, but not the forfeiture.","source_ids":["src-022","src-063","src-064"],"entity_ids":["ryan-salame","doj","alameda-llc","fdm","north-dimension","sbf","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-salame","c-crim-salame-later"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ryan Salame, a senior figure at Alameda Research from 2019 to 2021 whom prosecutors describe as named co-chief executive of FTX Digital Markets in or about October 2021, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to make unlawful political contributions and defraud the Federal Election Commission and to conspiracy to run an unlicensed money transmitting business. Prosecutors stated that he conspired with Bankman-Fried and others to use FTX, Alameda and \"North Dimension\" to move FTX customer money without a licence, and that he and his co-conspirators made over 300 unlawful political contributions totalling tens of millions of dollars. On 28 May 2024 Judge Kaplan sentenced him to 90 months in prison; the docket orders $5,593,177.91 of restitution to FTX Trading Ltd.'s bankruptcy estate, a $500,000 fine and forfeiture of $1,561,187,623.74, a figure that differs from the press release's \"more than $6 million\" without explanation. After sentencing he petitioned for a writ of error coram nobis, which he later sought to withdraw; the court granted one continuance of his surrender date on 30 July 2024 but on 10 October 2024 denied a further motion to postpone surrender; a satisfaction of judgment of 29 December 2025 records payment of the restitution, fine and assessment, but not the forfeiture."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-7b618377700d5d889162a2f0","record":{"id":"display-claim-7b618377700d5d889162a2f0","kind":"analysis","text":"Turkey's Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) announced on 23 November 2022 that its examination of persons connected with FTX.com had produced a strong suspicion that customer deposits were not properly safeguarded, were moved to others or abroad through fictitious transactions, and that customers were made to trade crypto assets that did not exist. It applied to the Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office for a money-laundering investigation of Bankman-Fried, who directly or indirectly controlled FTX.com's related persons in Turkey, and others; an investigation was opened and the suspects' assets were seized. These are findings of suspicion at the start of an investigation; its later course is not in the retained records.","source_ids":["src-080"],"entity_ids":["masak","istanbul-prosecutor","sbf","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Turkey's Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) announced on 23 November 2022 that its examination of persons connected with FTX.com had produced a strong suspicion that customer deposits were not properly safeguarded, were moved to others or abroad through fictitious transactions, and that customers were made to trade crypto assets that did not exist. It applied to the Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office for a money-laundering investigation of Bankman-Fried, who directly or indirectly controlled FTX.com's related persons in Turkey, and others; an investigation was opened and the suspects' assets were seized. These are findings of suspicion at the start of an investigation; its later course is not in the retained records."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-af94ef6c75212e58a5eff7d2","record":{"id":"display-claim-af94ef6c75212e58a5eff7d2","kind":"analysis","text":"On 21 December 2022 the Commodity Futures Trading Commission filed an amended complaint in the Southern District of New York (No. 1:22-cv-10503) against Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com, Alameda Research LLC, Ellison and Wang under the Commodity Exchange Act. On 7 August 2024 the court entered a consent order against FTX Trading and Alameda finding that, as a common enterprise, they employed a scheme to defraud FTX customers and made material misrepresentations, presenting customer assets as held in custody and segregated when they were in fact commingled and misappropriated. It orders them, jointly and severally, to pay $8.7 billion in restitution and $4 billion in disgorgement, imposes injunctions and trading and registration bans and requires cooperation in the CFTC's continuing case; under a related settlement the CFTC did not seek a civil penalty, subordinated its claims to victims' and directed disgorgement to a supplemental remission fund.","source_ids":["src-066","src-027","src-028"],"entity_ids":["cftc","sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-llc","caroline-ellison","gary-wang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 21 December 2022 the Commodity Futures Trading Commission filed an amended complaint in the Southern District of New York (No. 1:22-cv-10503) against Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. d/b/a FTX.com, Alameda Research LLC, Ellison and Wang under the Commodity Exchange Act. On 7 August 2024 the court entered a consent order against FTX Trading and Alameda finding that, as a common enterprise, they employed a scheme to defraud FTX customers and made material misrepresentations, presenting customer assets as held in custody and segregated when they were in fact commingled and misappropriated. It orders them, jointly and severally, to pay $8.7 billion in restitution and $4 billion in disgorgement, imposes injunctions and trading and registration bans and requires cooperation in the CFTC's continuing case; under a related settlement the CFTC did not seek a civil penalty, subordinated its claims to victims' and directed disgorgement to a supplemental remission fund."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c030a080a59b437b25b96561","record":{"id":"display-claim-c030a080a59b437b25b96561","kind":"analysis","text":"The two companies, by then run by the debtors' management, consented without a trial on the merits; they admitted the findings only for exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed they would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, keeping the right to take other positions elsewhere. The CFTC charged Singh on 28 February 2023 with fraud by misappropriation and with aiding and abetting the fraud of Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading and Alameda; according to the CFTC he did not contest liability and agreed to a proposed consent order, which was not retained. Wang consented to judgment on liability on 23 December 2022; a supplemental consent order of August 2026, citing his cooperation and criminal sentence, imposed no restitution, disgorgement or penalty but barred him from trading on or subject to the rules of registered entities for five years from the initial consent order of December 2022.","source_ids":["src-027","src-028","src-065","src-066"],"entity_ids":["cftc","ftx-trading","alameda-llc","nishad-singh","sbf","gary-wang"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-reg-cftc-singh","c-reg-cftc-wang"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The two companies, by then run by the debtors' management, consented without a trial on the merits; they admitted the findings only for exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy and agreed they would be taken as true in proceedings involving the CFTC, keeping the right to take other positions elsewhere. The CFTC charged Singh on 28 February 2023 with fraud by misappropriation and with aiding and abetting the fraud of Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading and Alameda; according to the CFTC he did not contest liability and agreed to a proposed consent order, which was not retained. Wang consented to judgment on liability on 23 December 2022; a supplemental consent order of August 2026, citing his cooperation and criminal sentence, imposed no restitution, disgorgement or penalty but barred him from trading on or subject to the rules of registered entities for five years from the initial consent order of December 2022."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-5c6c6e810fe0f1976d842434","record":{"id":"display-claim-5c6c6e810fe0f1976d842434","kind":"analysis","text":"The SEC sued Ellison and Wang on 21 December 2022 (No. 1:22-cv-10794) and Singh on 28 February 2023 (No. 1:23-cv-01691). Its complaint describes Ellison as employed at Alameda from about March 2018, co-chief executive from about October 2021 and sole chief executive from about August 2022, and Wang as co-founder and chief technology officer of FTX and co-founder and 10% owner of Alameda; both were dismissed on or about 18 November 2022. On 19 December 2025 the SEC filed proposed final consent judgments in which, without denying the allegations, the three agreed, subject to court approval, to permanent antifraud injunctions, five-year conduct-based injunctions and officer-and-director bars of ten years for Ellison and eight years for Wang and Singh. The retained records do not show the date the judgments were entered.","source_ids":["src-023","src-062"],"entity_ids":["sec","caroline-ellison","gary-wang","nishad-singh","alameda-llc","ftx-trading","alameda-ltd","sbf"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The SEC sued Ellison and Wang on 21 December 2022 (No. 1:22-cv-10794) and Singh on 28 February 2023 (No. 1:23-cv-01691). Its complaint describes Ellison as employed at Alameda from about March 2018, co-chief executive from about October 2021 and sole chief executive from about August 2022, and Wang as co-founder and chief technology officer of FTX and co-founder and 10% owner of Alameda; both were dismissed on or about 18 November 2022. On 19 December 2025 the SEC filed proposed final consent judgments in which, without denying the allegations, the three agreed, subject to court approval, to permanent antifraud injunctions, five-year conduct-based injunctions and officer-and-director bars of ten years for Ellison and eight years for Wang and Singh. The retained records do not show the date the judgments were entered."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-34533e4cd489fc30d42e3528","record":{"id":"display-claim-34533e4cd489fc30d42e3528","kind":"analysis","text":"On 22 November 2022 the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions issued a temporary order to cease and desist (No. C-22-3487-22-TD01) under the Uniform Money Services Act against West Realm Shires Services, Inc., d/b/a FTX US, a licensed money transmitter, alleging that as of 10 November 2022 it had suspended payments to customers and prevented transfers and withdrawals; it required the company to stop accepting new business from Washington residents while letting them withdraw their assets. It is a temporary order based on the department's allegations, and no final order was retained. FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs also lists 67 pending legal actions, mostly trademark oppositions and cancellations over FTX marks in at least ten countries, and an intellectual property dispute with Bybit Fintech Limited in Singapore.","source_ids":["src-038","src-011"],"entity_ids":["wrss","wa-dfi","ftx-trading"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-reg-wa-dfi","c-reg-sofa-litigation"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On 22 November 2022 the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions issued a temporary order to cease and desist (No. C-22-3487-22-TD01) under the Uniform Money Services Act against West Realm Shires Services, Inc., d/b/a FTX US, a licensed money transmitter, alleging that as of 10 November 2022 it had suspended payments to customers and prevented transfers and withdrawals; it required the company to stop accepting new business from Washington residents while letting them withdraw their assets. It is a temporary order based on the department's allegations, and no final order was retained. FTX Trading Ltd.'s statement of financial affairs also lists 67 pending legal actions, mostly trademark oppositions and cancellations over FTX marks in at least ten countries, and an intellectual property dispute with Bybit Fintech Limited in Singapore."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-1ef0d93d290c25092a0ec2f1","record":{"id":"display-claim-1ef0d93d290c25092a0ec2f1","kind":"analysis","text":"According to the CFTC's consent order, whose findings FTX Trading and Alameda accepted without a trial and admitted only for bankruptcy-discharge purposes and for proceedings involving the CFTC, Bankman-Fried founded Alameda Research in November 2017 and was its chief executive until August 2021, remaining a signatory on its bank accounts and keeping direct decision-making authority over its major trading, investment and financial decisions afterwards. With Gary Wang and Nishad Singh he founded FTX.com, which began operating in May 2019; the debtors date the founding of the Dotcom Silo to April 2019. FTX Trading Ltd.'s register names him among its first directors, and its Form D of November 2021 lists him as executive officer and director. He was chairman and a director of FTX Digital Markets from July 2021 and, according to an article by a Gibraltar law firm, sole registered director of FTX (Gibraltar) and a director of ZUBR Exchange; by the debtors' own account in their disclosure statement, he was the only director of Emergent Fidelity Technologies, which he owned 90% with Wang 10%.","source_ids":["src-027","src-001","src-012","src-009","src-002","src-008","src-044","src-039","src-067","src-068"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","sbf","caroline-ellison","cftc","ftx-trading","gary-wang","nishad-singh","jonathan-cheesman","arthur-thomas","fdm","ryan-salame","constance-wang","can-sun","ftx-gibraltar","zubr","emergent","robinhood"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-profile","c-id-company","c-str-founding","c-id-ibca","c-gov-form-d-persons","c-fdm-officers","c-sub-gibraltar","c-ch11-emergent"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: According to the CFTC's consent order, whose findings FTX Trading and Alameda accepted without a trial and admitted only for bankruptcy-discharge purposes and for proceedings involving the CFTC, Bankman-Fried founded Alameda Research in November 2017 and was its chief executive until August 2021, remaining a signatory on its bank accounts and keeping direct decision-making authority over its major trading, investment and financial decisions afterwards. With Gary Wang and Nishad Singh he founded FTX.com, which began operating in May 2019; the debtors date the founding of the Dotcom Silo to April 2019. FTX Trading Ltd.'s register names him among its first directors, and its Form D of November 2021 lists him as executive officer and director. He was chairman and a director of FTX Digital Markets from July 2021 and, according to an article by a Gibraltar law firm, sole registered director of FTX (Gibraltar) and a director of ZUBR Exchange; by the debtors' own account in their disclosure statement, he was the only director of Emergent Fidelity Technologies, which he owned 90% with Wang 10%."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-887a7b0520d3c649bb53e446","record":{"id":"display-claim-887a7b0520d3c649bb53e446","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray's first-day declaration puts his holdings at about 53% of West Realm Shires Inc., 90% of Alameda Research LLC and 67% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC directly and about 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. indirectly. The indirect stake was held by Paper Bird Inc., whose 1,000 common shares are all his according to its equity holder list; other debtor filings put Paper Bird's stake in FTX Trading at about 80% or 86%, the filings do not explain the differences, and none reconciles them with the holdings of the other founders. The holder lists of January 2023 give him 90% of Alameda Research LLC and 67% of Clifton Bay, and West Realm Shires' list shows him with 791,303,000 Class A and 1,116,389,000 Class B common shares and 109,409,190 Series A preferred shares.","source_ids":["src-001","src-005","src-006","src-068","src-092","src-009","src-011","src-085"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","wrs","alameda-llc","clifton-bay","paper-bird","gary-wang","nishad-singh","ryan-salame","artz-fund"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-paper-bird","c-str-paper-bird-figures","c-str-holder-lists","c-inv-wrs-holders"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray's first-day declaration puts his holdings at about 53% of West Realm Shires Inc., 90% of Alameda Research LLC and 67% of Clifton Bay Investments LLC directly and about 75% of FTX Trading Ltd. indirectly. The indirect stake was held by Paper Bird Inc., whose 1,000 common shares are all his according to its equity holder list; other debtor filings put Paper Bird's stake in FTX Trading at about 80% or 86%, the filings do not explain the differences, and none reconciles them with the holdings of the other founders. The holder lists of January 2023 give him 90% of Alameda Research LLC and 67% of Clifton Bay, and West Realm Shires' list shows him with 791,303,000 Class A and 1,116,389,000 Class B common shares and 109,409,190 Series A preferred shares."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-726626eb76bd9589d7c75ab1","record":{"id":"display-claim-726626eb76bd9589d7c75ab1","kind":"analysis","text":"The debtors' first interim report describes a group without an ultimate parent, organized as parallel chains under Bankman-Fried's ultimate control, in which he was viewed as having the final voice in all significant decisions and Singh and Wang largely deferred to him. The CFTC order, on the companies' limited admission, finds that he signed the core agreements of FTX Trading and Alameda and was a signatory on their bank accounts, and that at his direction FTX executives hid Alameda's $8 billion liability in a customer account.","source_ids":["src-025","src-001","src-027"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","nishad-singh","gary-wang","ftx-japan","alameda-llc","cftc"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-str-no-parent","c-gov-control","c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-8bn-liability"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: The debtors' first interim report describes a group without an ultimate parent, organized as parallel chains under Bankman-Fried's ultimate control, in which he was viewed as having the final voice in all significant decisions and Singh and Wang largely deferred to him. The CFTC order, on the companies' limited admission, finds that he signed the core agreements of FTX Trading and Alameda and was a signatory on their bank accounts, and that at his direction FTX executives hid Alameda's $8 billion liability in a customer account."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-c6b1c4c742f59e000f879790","record":{"id":"display-claim-c6b1c4c742f59e000f879790","kind":"analysis","text":"Ray's declaration records, at 30 September 2022, a $1 billion loan by Alameda Research Ltd. to Bankman-Fried and a $2.3 billion loan by Euclid Way Ltd. to Paper Bird Inc., on unaudited balance sheets Ray did not rely on. The SEC's complaint against Ellison and Wang alleges that he signed notes for more than $1.338 billion of Alameda loans from 2020 to 2022, twice as both borrower and lender, and lent himself $136 million in July 2022. The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations; without denying them they consented to final judgments, which the SEC filed for court approval in December 2025, and both had pleaded guilty in the criminal case. Bankman-Fried, not a defendant in that complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct, was convicted, sentenced to 25 years and lost his appeal. The debtors add that an Alameda account sent tens of millions of dollars to his personal account, booked as \"Investment in Subsidiaries\".","source_ids":["src-001","src-023","src-062","src-061","src-019","src-064","src-054","src-025","src-068"],"entity_ids":["alameda-llc","euclid-way","paper-bird","alameda-ltd","sbf","nishad-singh","ryan-salame","gary-wang","ftx-ventures","sec","fdm"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-ray","c-ala-insider-loans-sec","c-ala-intercompany"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: Ray's declaration records, at 30 September 2022, a $1 billion loan by Alameda Research Ltd. to Bankman-Fried and a $2.3 billion loan by Euclid Way Ltd. to Paper Bird Inc., on unaudited balance sheets Ray did not rely on. The SEC's complaint against Ellison and Wang alleges that he signed notes for more than $1.338 billion of Alameda loans from 2020 to 2022, twice as both borrower and lender, and lent himself $136 million in July 2022. The retained records contain no answer by Ellison or Wang to these allegations; without denying them they consented to final judgments, which the SEC filed for court approval in December 2025, and both had pleaded guilty in the criminal case. Bankman-Fried, not a defendant in that complaint, pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges arising from the same conduct, was convicted, sentenced to 25 years and lost his appeal. The debtors add that an Alameda account sent tens of millions of dollars to his personal account, booked as \"Investment in Subsidiaries\"."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-3551eb582b7a803ac41352e4","record":{"id":"display-claim-3551eb582b7a803ac41352e4","kind":"analysis","text":"On or about 7 November 2022 he posted that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\"; by late that day, the CFTC order finds on the same limited admission, FTX could not meet withdrawals, which he and others acknowledged internally was because customer funds had been misappropriated, while he publicly portrayed a liquidity problem. The debtors later estimated that about $8.7 billion of customer assets had been misappropriated from FTX.com by the petition date, an estimate made after they took control that changed as the analysis progressed, and the CFTC's order requires FTX Trading and Alameda to pay $8.7 billion in restitution through the plan's distributions. By an Omnibus Corporate Authority dated 10 November 2022 he authorised John J. Ray III's appointment as chief executive of the group companies and Stephen Neal's as chairman, a post the record does not show Neal took up, and at about 4:30 a.m. on 11 November he agreed to resign.","source_ids":["src-036","src-068","src-027","src-023","src-001","src-005"],"entity_ids":["ftx-trading","alameda-llc","sbf","cftc","caroline-ellison","john-ray","wrs","paper-bird","alameda-ltd","clifton-bay"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-cust-shortfall","c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-gov-omnibus"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: On or about 7 November 2022 he posted that \"FTX is fine. Assets are fine\"; by late that day, the CFTC order finds on the same limited admission, FTX could not meet withdrawals, which he and others acknowledged internally was because customer funds had been misappropriated, while he publicly portrayed a liquidity problem. The debtors later estimated that about $8.7 billion of customer assets had been misappropriated from FTX.com by the petition date, an estimate made after they took control that changed as the analysis progressed, and the CFTC's order requires FTX Trading and Alameda to pay $8.7 billion in restitution through the plan's distributions. By an Omnibus Corporate Authority dated 10 November 2022 he authorised John J. Ray III's appointment as chief executive of the group companies and Stephen Neal's as chairman, a post the record does not show Neal took up, and at about 4:30 a.m. on 11 November he agreed to resign."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"claims","id":"display-claim-d5cba3e5e19ae48afeebcfd2","record":{"id":"display-claim-d5cba3e5e19ae48afeebcfd2","kind":"analysis","text":"He was extradited from the Bahamas on 21 December 2022. He pleaded not guilty, was convicted by a jury on seven counts of fraud and conspiracy and was sentenced on 28 March 2024 to 25 years in prison and more than $11 billion in forfeiture; according to docket entries from a public mirror of the court's docket, the Second Circuit affirmed in 2026 and his motion for a new trial was denied. The CFTC named him in its amended complaint of December 2022, and the claims agent's list of adversary proceedings in the case, which gives only captions and case numbers, includes two suits against him by Alameda companies. Turkey's financial crimes unit referred him for a money-laundering investigation in November 2022; its outcome is not recorded.","source_ids":["src-019","src-063","src-054","src-064","src-061","src-066","src-073","src-080"],"entity_ids":["sbf","ftx-trading","alameda-ltd","doj","cftc","alameda-llc","caroline-ellison","gary-wang","lorem-ipsum","ryan-salame","skybridge-ii","voyager-digital","fdm","michael-giles","daniel-friedberg","ftx-recovery-trust","seth-melamed","masak","istanbul-prosecutor"],"premise_claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal","c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-crim-masak"],"qualification":"","response":"","outcome":""},"reading":"Analysis: He was extradited from the Bahamas on 21 December 2022. He pleaded not guilty, was convicted by a jury on seven counts of fraud and conspiracy and was sentenced on 28 March 2024 to 25 years in prison and more than $11 billion in forfeiture; according to docket entries from a public mirror of the court's docket, the Second Circuit affirmed in 2026 and his motion for a new trial was denied. The CFTC named him in its amended complaint of December 2022, and the claims agent's list of adversary proceedings in the case, which gives only captions and case numbers, includes two suits against him by Alameda companies. Turkey's financial crimes unit referred him for a money-laundering investigation in November 2022; its outcome is not recorded."}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"ftx-trading","record":{"id":"ftx-trading","name":"FTX Trading Ltd","type":"organization","group":"subject","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-id-ibca","c-id-form-d","c-id-lei","c-id-ibc-strike-notice","c-id-ibc-status-open","c-id-addresses","c-id-headquarters","c-id-scale","c-str-silos","c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-silo-chart","c-str-paper-bird","c-str-paper-bird-figures","c-str-no-parent","c-str-dotcom-composition","c-str-founding","c-str-subs-1","c-str-subs-2","c-str-subs-3","c-str-alameda-chain","c-str-blockfolio","c-str-turkey","c-str-zuma","c-str-pt-triniti","c-sub-jur-dotcom","c-sub-sofa-dormant","c-sub-sofa-operating","c-sub-australia-gleif","c-sub-gibraltar","c-sub-zubr","c-inv-form-d","c-inv-rounds-sec","c-inv-rounds-debtors","c-inv-binance","c-inv-holders-1","c-inv-holders-2","c-inv-singh-holder","c-inv-skybridge-fund","c-ala-leadership","c-ala-gleif","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-privileges-ray","c-ala-privileges-sec","c-ala-first-day-governance","c-ala-fiat-accounts-ray","c-ala-north-dimension","c-ala-fiat-sec","c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-8bn-liability","c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-ala-payment-agent","c-ala-may-2022-sec","c-ala-cftc-2022","c-ala-13-7bn","c-ala-pleas","c-ala-ftt","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-singh-option","c-ala-modulo","c-ala-political","c-cust-tos","c-cust-tos-fiat","c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-cust-segregation-exceptions","c-cust-commingled-accounts","c-cust-jpl-commingling","c-cust-shortfall","c-cust-korean-account","c-cust-records","c-cust-global-notes","c-cust-balance-sheet","c-cust-cash","c-cust-dotcom-split","c-cust-custody","c-cust-hack","c-cust-bahamas-transfers","c-cust-ellison-nov9","c-cust-recoveries","c-cust-shortfall-settlement","c-fdm-incorporation","c-fdm-consolidation","c-fdm-migration-jpl","c-fdm-other-services","c-fdm-safeguarding","c-fdm-flows-jpl","c-fdm-pass-through","c-fdm-properties-jpl","c-fdm-properties-ray","c-fdm-employee-property","c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-dispute","c-fdm-global-settlement","c-fdm-plan-setoff","c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-spa1-spa2","c-eu-spa3","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-eu-disclosure-summary","c-eu-litigation","c-eu-settlement","c-eu-joint-venture","c-eu-restructuring","c-eu-lambrianou","c-eu-sale","c-eu-credomedia","c-eu-europe-lei","c-eu-board-2022","c-eu-ftx-switzerland","c-jp-liquid-group","c-jp-liquid-acquisition","c-jp-holdings-id","c-jp-melamed-claims","c-jp-melamed-allegations","c-jp-melamed-appeal","c-jp-kayamori","c-jp-quoine-pte","c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-control","c-gov-arthur-thomas","c-gov-board-report","c-gov-insider-payments","c-gov-bookkeepers","c-gov-gifts","c-ch11-filing","c-ch11-case-numbers-1","c-ch11-final-decree","c-ch11-foreign-proceedings","c-ch11-estimation","c-ch11-plan","c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims","c-ch11-trabucco","c-ch11-voyager","c-ch11-emergent-proceedings","c-ch11-silvergate","c-ch11-appeal-2026","c-crim-sbf","c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition","c-crim-ellison","c-crim-wang","c-crim-singh","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-crim-salame","c-crim-masak","c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-reg-cftc-singh","c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-reg-sofa-litigation"],"badges":[{"label":"Chapter 11 filing (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-ch11-filing"],"code":"A1","category":"FINANCIAL_DISTRESS","subject_id":"ftx-trading"},{"label":"CFTC consent order finding fraud; $8.7 billion restitution and $4 billion disgorgement (2024)","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-ala-cftc-collapse"],"code":"A2","category":"ENFORCEMENT","subject_id":"ftx-trading"},{"label":"Customer-asset shortfall of about $8.7 billion estimated by the debtors","claim_ids":["c-cust-shortfall"],"code":"A3","category":"FINANCIAL_DISTRESS","subject_id":"ftx-trading"},{"label":"Creditor's misrepresentation allegations in a contested claims dispute (2024-2026)","claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-allegations"],"code":"A17","category":"CIVIL_LITIGATION","subject_id":"ftx-trading"},{"label":"Notice of intention to strike from the Antigua and Barbuda IBC register (2026)","claim_ids":["c-id-ibc-strike-notice"],"code":"A28","category":"REGULATORY_ACTION","subject_id":"ftx-trading"}],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"ag","aliases":["FTX Trading Limited","FTX.com"],"identifiers":[{"scheme":"company_register","value":"17180","issuer":"Antigua and Barbuda international business corporations register"},{"scheme":"lei","value":"894500686R5LFMX57208"},{"scheme":"other","value":"0001876386","issuer":"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Central Index Key)"}],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"FTX Trading Ltd (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"paper-bird","record":{"id":"paper-bird","name":"Paper Bird Inc","type":"organization","group":"group_companies","claim_ids":["c-str-paper-bird","c-str-paper-bird-figures","c-str-other-tier","c-sub-ftx-ventures","c-sub-jur-other","c-ala-insider-loans-ray","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-ventures-directors","c-ch11-case-numbers-1","c-ch11-final-decree"],"subtype":"company","jurisdiction":"us","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Paper Bird Inc (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"sbf","record":{"id":"sbf","name":"Samuel Bankman-Fried","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-id-ibca","c-id-form-d","c-id-scale","c-str-silos","c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-silo-chart","c-str-paper-bird","c-str-paper-bird-figures","c-str-no-parent","c-str-founding","c-str-other-tier","c-str-holder-lists","c-str-zuma","c-sub-gibraltar","c-sub-ftx-ventures","c-inv-binance","c-inv-wrs-holders","c-ala-entities","c-ala-cftc-profile","c-ala-leadership","c-ala-maclaurin","c-ala-privileges-sec","c-ala-first-day-governance","c-ala-north-dimension","c-ala-8bn-liability","c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-ala-payment-agent","c-ala-may-2022-sec","c-ala-pleas","c-ala-ftt","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-ala-insider-loans-ray","c-ala-insider-loans-sec","c-ala-intercompany","c-ala-unauditable","c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-modulo","c-ala-political","c-cust-shortfall","c-cust-balance-sheet","c-cust-bahamas-transfers","c-cust-jpl-schedules","c-fdm-officers","c-fdm-properties-jpl","c-fdm-properties-ray","c-eu-spa1-spa2","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-control","c-gov-board-report","c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-later","c-ch11-emergent","c-ch11-emergent-proceedings","c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal","c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-crim-salame","c-crim-masak","c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-singh","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"badges":[{"label":"Convicted of fraud and conspiracy; sentenced to 25 years (2024); conviction affirmed (2026)","claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal"],"code":"A4","category":"CRIMINAL_PROCEEDINGS","subject_id":"sbf"},{"label":"Turkish money-laundering investigation and asset seizure opened on MASAK referral (2022); outcome not recorded","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"code":"A9","category":"CRIMINAL_PROCEEDINGS","subject_id":"sbf"}],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Sam Bankman-Fried","Samuel Benjamin Bankman-Fried","SBF"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Samuel Bankman-Fried (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"gary-wang","record":{"id":"gary-wang","name":"Zixiao (Gary) Wang","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-id-scale","c-str-silos","c-str-silo-chart","c-str-founding","c-str-holder-lists","c-inv-rounds-sec","c-inv-wrs-holders","c-ala-entities","c-ala-wang-cofounder","c-ala-privileges-sec","c-ala-first-day-governance","c-ala-pleas","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-ala-insider-loans-sec","c-cust-bahamas-transfers","c-cust-jpl-schedules","c-fdm-officers","c-gov-control","c-ch11-emergent","c-crim-wang","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-wang","c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"badges":[{"label":"Pleaded guilty (2022); sentenced to time served (2024)","claim_ids":["c-crim-wang"],"code":"A6","category":"CRIMINAL_PROCEEDINGS","subject_id":"gary-wang"},{"label":"SEC final consent judgments without admitting or denying the allegations (proposed December 2025)","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-judgments"],"code":"A10","category":"REGULATORY_ACTION","subject_id":"gary-wang"},{"label":"CFTC consent orders: liability (2022) and five-year trading ban without monetary sanctions (2026)","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-wang"],"code":"A11","category":"ENFORCEMENT","subject_id":"gary-wang"}],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Gary Wang","Zixiao Wang","Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Zixiao (Gary) Wang (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"nishad-singh","record":{"id":"nishad-singh","name":"Nishad Singh","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-id-scale","c-str-silos","c-str-silo-chart","c-str-founding","c-str-holder-lists","c-inv-singh-holder","c-ala-privileges-ray","c-ala-pleas","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-ala-insider-loans-ray","c-ala-singh-option","c-ala-political","c-fdm-officers","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-control","c-gov-insider-payments","c-crim-singh","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-reg-cftc-singh","c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"badges":[{"label":"Pleaded guilty (2023); sentenced to time served (2024)","claim_ids":["c-crim-singh"],"code":"A7","category":"CRIMINAL_PROCEEDINGS","subject_id":"nishad-singh"},{"label":"SEC final consent judgments without admitting or denying the allegations (proposed December 2025)","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-judgments"],"code":"A10","category":"REGULATORY_ACTION","subject_id":"nishad-singh"},{"label":"CFTC fraud charges (2023); liability to be conceded in a proposed consent order","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-singh"],"code":"A12","category":"REGULATORY_ACTION","subject_id":"nishad-singh"}],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Nishad Singh (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"caroline-ellison","record":{"id":"caroline-ellison","name":"Caroline Ellison","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-inv-rounds-sec","c-ala-cftc-profile","c-ala-leadership","c-ala-maclaurin","c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-ala-may-2022-sec","c-ala-13-7bn","c-ala-pleas","c-ala-ftt","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-cust-korean-account","c-cust-ellison-nov9","c-gov-insider-payments","c-ch11-trabucco","c-crim-ellison","c-crim-guilty-summary","c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"badges":[{"label":"Pleaded guilty (2022); sentenced to 24 months (2024)","claim_ids":["c-crim-ellison"],"code":"A5","category":"CRIMINAL_PROCEEDINGS","subject_id":"caroline-ellison"},{"label":"SEC final consent judgments without admitting or denying the allegations (proposed December 2025)","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-judgments"],"code":"A10","category":"REGULATORY_ACTION","subject_id":"caroline-ellison"}],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Caroline Ellison (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"ryan-salame","record":{"id":"ryan-salame","name":"Ryan Salame","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-inv-wrs-holders","c-ala-insider-loans-ray","c-fdm-officers","c-fdm-salame-tipoff","c-gov-insider-payments","c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-crim-salame","c-crim-salame-later"],"badges":[{"label":"Pleaded guilty; sentenced to 90 months (2024)","claim_ids":["c-crim-salame"],"code":"A8","category":"CRIMINAL_PROCEEDINGS","subject_id":"ryan-salame"}],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Ryan Salame (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"sam-trabucco","record":{"id":"sam-trabucco","name":"Sam Trabucco","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-ala-leadership","c-ch11-trabucco"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["John Samuel Trabucco"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Sam Trabucco (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"can-sun","record":{"id":"can-sun","name":"Can Sun","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers","c-eu-credomedia","c-gov-sofa-officers"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Can Sun (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"daniel-friedberg","record":{"id":"daniel-friedberg","name":"Daniel Friedberg","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-gov-sofa-officers","c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Daniel Friedberg (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"jonathan-cheesman","record":{"id":"jonathan-cheesman","name":"Jonathan Cheesman","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-board-report","c-gov-insider-payments"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Jonathan Cheesman (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"arthur-thomas","record":{"id":"arthur-thomas","name":"Arthur Thomas","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-arthur-thomas","c-gov-board-report"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Arthur G. B. Thomas"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Arthur Thomas (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"corporate-trust-services","record":{"id":"corporate-trust-services","name":"Corporate & Trust Services Limited","type":"organization","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-insider-payments"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Corporate & Trust Services Limited (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"constance-wang","record":{"id":"constance-wang","name":"Constance Wang","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Zhe (Constance) Wang"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Constance Wang (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"rushaine-cunningham","record":{"id":"rushaine-cunningham","name":"Rushaine Cunningham","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-id-ibc-strike-notice"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Rushaine Cunningham (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"wing-man-charis-law","record":{"id":"wing-man-charis-law","name":"Wing Man Charis Law","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Wing Man Charis Law (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"luk-wai-chan","record":{"id":"luk-wai-chan","name":"Luk Wai Chan","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Luk Wai Chan (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"john-ray","record":{"id":"john-ray","name":"John J. Ray III","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-str-silos","c-sub-ftx-ventures","c-ala-entities","c-ala-maclaurin","c-ala-first-day-governance","c-cust-balance-sheet","c-cust-hack","c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-ventures-directors","c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-ch11-filing","c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["John Ray"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"John J. Ray III (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"joseph-farnan","record":{"id":"joseph-farnan","name":"Joseph J. Farnan Jr.","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Joseph Farnan","Judge Joseph Farnan"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Joseph J. Farnan Jr. (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"matt-doheny","record":{"id":"matt-doheny","name":"Matthew A. Doheny","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Matt Doheny"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Matthew A. Doheny (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"mitchell-sonkin","record":{"id":"mitchell-sonkin","name":"Mitchell I. Sonkin","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart","c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Mitchell Sonkin"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Mitchell I. Sonkin (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"matt-rosenberg","record":{"id":"matt-rosenberg","name":"Matthew Rosenberg","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart","c-ala-maclaurin","c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Matt Rosenberg"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Matthew Rosenberg (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"rishi-jain","record":{"id":"rishi-jain","name":"Rishi Jain","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart","c-gov-ventures-directors","c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Rishi Jain (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"kurt-knipp","record":{"id":"kurt-knipp","name":"Kurt Knipp","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus","c-ala-maclaurin","c-jp-management-change","c-jp-quoine-pte","c-jp-quoine-india","c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Kurt Steven Knipp"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Kurt Knipp (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"philippe-taverne","record":{"id":"philippe-taverne","name":"Philippe Taverne","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-jp-quoine-pte"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Philippe Armand Hubert Taverne"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Philippe Taverne (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"paul-copley","record":{"id":"paul-copley","name":"Paul Copley","type":"person","group":"leadership","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Paul Copley (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"peter-greaves","record":{"id":"peter-greaves","name":"Peter Greaves","type":"person","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-official-liquidation","c-gov-recovery-trustees","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Peter Greaves (person)"}
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{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"skybridge-fund","record":{"id":"skybridge-fund","name":"SkyBridge Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC – Series G","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-inv-skybridge-fund"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"SkyBridge Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC – Series G (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"anthony-scaramucci","record":{"id":"anthony-scaramucci","name":"Anthony Scaramucci","type":"person","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims","c-ch11-skybridge-later"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Anthony Scaramucci (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"voyager-digital","record":{"id":"voyager-digital","name":"Voyager Digital, LLC","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-ch11-voyager"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Voyager Digital, LLC (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"embed","record":{"id":"embed","name":"Embed Financial Technologies Inc.","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-ch11-embed"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Embed Financial Technologies Inc. (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"michael-giles","record":{"id":"michael-giles","name":"Michael Giles","type":"person","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-ch11-adversary-catalog","c-ch11-embed"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Michael Giles (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"robinhood","record":{"id":"robinhood","name":"Robinhood Markets, Inc.","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent","c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Robinhood Markets, Inc. (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"silvergate","record":{"id":"silvergate","name":"Silvergate Capital Corporation","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-ch11-silvergate"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Silvergate Capital Corporation (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"caribbean-union-bank","record":{"id":"caribbean-union-bank","name":"Caribbean Union Bank Ltd","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-gov-arthur-thomas"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Caribbean Union Bank Ltd (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"prager-metis","record":{"id":"prager-metis","name":"Prager Metis","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-cust-balance-sheet"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Prager Metis (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"robert-lee-associates","record":{"id":"robert-lee-associates","name":"Robert Lee & Associates, LLP","type":"organization","group":"counterparties","claim_ids":["c-gov-bookkeepers"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Robert Lee & Associates, LLP (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"kordamentha","record":{"id":"kordamentha","name":"KordaMentha","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"subtype":"company","aliases":["KordaMentha Restructuring"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"KordaMentha (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"scott-langdon","record":{"id":"scott-langdon","name":"Scott Langdon","type":"person","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Scott Langdon (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"john-mouawad","record":{"id":"john-mouawad","name":"John Mouawad","type":"person","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"John Mouawad (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"angela-barkhouse","record":{"id":"angela-barkhouse","name":"Angela Barkhouse","type":"person","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"subtype":"person","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Angela Barkhouse (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"toni-shukla","record":{"id":"toni-shukla","name":"Toni Shukla","type":"person","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"subtype":"person","aliases":["Toni Shulka"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Toni Shukla (person)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"lennox-paton","record":{"id":"lennox-paton","name":"Lennox Paton","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"subtype":"company","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Lennox Paton (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"sec","record":{"id":"sec","name":"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-inv-rounds-sec","c-ala-privileges-sec","c-ala-fiat-sec","c-ala-may-2022-sec","c-ala-ftt","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-ala-insider-loans-sec","c-cust-tos","c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"us","role":"","period":""},"reading":"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"cftc","record":{"id":"cftc","name":"U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-profile","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-8bn-liability","c-ala-cftc-collapse","c-ala-cftc-2022","c-ala-shared-operations","c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-crim-singh","c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-reg-cftc-wang","c-reg-cftc-singh"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"us","role":"","period":""},"reading":"U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"doj","record":{"id":"doj","name":"U.S. Department of Justice","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-fdm-doj-seizure","c-ch11-plan","c-ch11-emergent-proceedings","c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal","c-crim-ellison","c-crim-wang","c-crim-singh","c-crim-salame","c-crim-salame-later"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"us","role":"","period":""},"reading":"U.S. Department of Justice (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"wa-dfi","record":{"id":"wa-dfi","name":"Washington State Department of Financial Institutions","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-reg-wa-dfi"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"us","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Washington State Department of Financial Institutions (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"scb","record":{"id":"scb","name":"Securities Commission of The Bahamas","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-cust-bahamas-transfers","c-cust-jpl-schedules","c-fdm-incorporation","c-fdm-salame-tipoff","c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-police"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"bs","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Securities Commission of The Bahamas (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"finma","record":{"id":"finma","name":"Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA)","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-fdm-official-liquidation","c-eu-swiss-network","c-eu-sale-plan-2023"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"ch","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"gfsc","record":{"id":"gfsc","name":"Gibraltar Financial Services Commission","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-sub-zubr-gfsc"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"gi","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"cysec","record":{"id":"cysec","name":"Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-eu-cysec-suspension","c-eu-backpack","c-eu-trek-labs-europe"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"cy","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"mfsa","record":{"id":"mfsa","name":"Malta Financial Services Authority","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-eu-cysec-suspension"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"mt","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Malta Financial Services Authority (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"kanto-lfb","record":{"id":"kanto-lfb","name":"Kanto Local Finance Bureau","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-jp-fsa-2022","c-jp-fsa-2024"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"jp","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Kanto Local Finance Bureau (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"masak","record":{"id":"masak","name":"Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK)","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"tr","aliases":["Mali Suçları Araştırma Kurulu"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"istanbul-prosecutor","record":{"id":"istanbul-prosecutor","name":"Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"subtype":"other","jurisdiction":"tr","aliases":["İstanbul Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığı"],"role":"","period":""},"reading":"Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"entities","id":"ecsrc","record":{"id":"ecsrc","name":"Eastern Caribbean Securities Regulatory Commission","type":"organization","group":"other","claim_ids":["c-gov-arthur-thomas"],"subtype":"other","role":"","period":""},"reading":"Eastern Caribbean Securities Regulatory Commission (organization)"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-payas-zubr","record":{"id":"r-payas-zubr","from":"aaron-payas","to":"zubr","status":"documented","role":"Non-executive director","period":"Appointed by September 2021","claim_ids":["c-sub-zubr"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"aaron-payas → zubr: Non-executive director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-llc-ltd","record":{"id":"r-alameda-llc-ltd","from":"alameda-llc","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-alameda-chain","c-ala-maclaurin"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-llc → alameda-ltd: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-blockfi","record":{"id":"r-alameda-blockfi","from":"alameda-llc","to":"blockfi","status":"documented","role":"Borrower under loan agreements with BlockFi lenders; repaid about $132 million in the 90 days before the petition date","period":"2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-blockfi"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → blockfi: Borrower under loan agreements with BlockFi lenders; repaid about $132 million in the 90 days before the petition date [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ellison-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-ellison-alameda-llc","from":"caroline-ellison","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Employee from about March 2018; co-chief executive of Alameda from about October 2021 (August 2021 in the CFTC order) and sole chief executive from about August 2022","period":"March 2018 to November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-leadership","c-ala-cftc-profile"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"caroline-ellison → alameda-llc: Employee from about March 2018; co-chief executive of Alameda from about October 2021 (August 2021 in the CFTC order) and sole chief executive from about August 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-clifton-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-clifton-alameda-llc","from":"clifton-bay","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Owed $68.6 million to Alameda Research LLC (related-party payable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-clifton-payables"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"clifton-bay → alameda-llc: Owed $68.6 million to Alameda Research LLC (related-party payable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-emergent","record":{"id":"r-alameda-emergent","from":"alameda-llc","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Lent about $546 million to Bankman-Fried and Wang to capitalise Emergent","period":"Before November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → emergent: Lent about $546 million to Bankman-Fried and Wang to capitalise Emergent [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-llc-fdm-flows","record":{"id":"r-alameda-llc-fdm-flows","from":"alameda-llc","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Paid $200.6 million to FTX Digital Markets and received $5.0 million from it; paid its expenses and, with it, funded an employee's property purchase","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-alameda-flows","c-ala-intercompany","c-fdm-employee-property"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → fdm: Paid $200.6 million to FTX Digital Markets and received $5.0 million from it; paid its expenses and, with it, funded an employee's property purchase [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-alameda-transfers","record":{"id":"r-fdm-alameda-transfers","from":"fdm","to":"alameda-llc","status":"reported","role":"Source of about $2.1 billion of related-party transfers to Alameda; customer assets reported transferred to Alameda without consent","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-flows-jpl","c-fdm-salame-tipoff","c-fdm-safeguarding"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → alameda-llc: Source of about $2.1 billion of related-party transfers to Alameda; customer assets reported transferred to Alameda without consent [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-alameda-llc","from":"ftx-europe","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Party to the restructuring agreements settling intercompany claims; repays Alameda Research in satisfaction of intercompany claims","period":"Approved 19 April 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-restructuring"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → alameda-llc: Party to the restructuring agreements settling intercompany claims; repays Alameda Research in satisfaction of intercompany claims [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-privileges","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-privileges","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Trading customer and market maker on FTX.com with secret privileges: exemption from auto-liquidation, ability to withdraw and trade with a negative balance, and a borrow limit of $65 billion","period":"2019-2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-privileges-ray","c-ala-privileges-sec","c-ala-first-day-governance"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-trading: Trading customer and market maker on FTX.com with secret privileges: exemption from auto-liquidation, ability to withdraw and trade with a negative balance, and a borrow limit of $65 billion [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-customer-funds","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-customer-funds","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Held FTX customer fiat in its bank accounts and used FTX customer assets; owed FTX about $8 billion in customer fiat by mid-2022","period":"2019-2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-fiat-sec","c-ala-8bn-liability","c-ala-ellison-meeting","c-cust-shortfall","c-reg-cftc-singh"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-trading: Held FTX customer fiat in its bank accounts and used FTX customer assets; owed FTX about $8 billion in customer fiat by mid-2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-credit","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-credit","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"reported","role":"Drew on an undisclosed \"line of credit\" from FTX funded by customer deposits, including to repay its lenders in 2022","period":"2019-2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-may-2022-sec","c-ala-pleas"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-trading: Drew on an undisclosed \"line of credit\" from FTX funded by customer deposits, including to repay its lenders in 2022 [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-ftt","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-ftt","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"reported","role":"Received a large share of the FTT tokens minted at launch, including FTX's company tokens, without paying for them","period":"From July 2019","claim_ids":["c-ala-ftt"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-trading: Received a large share of the FTT tokens minted at launch, including FTX's company tokens, without paying for them [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-common-control","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-common-control","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Sister company under Bankman-Fried's common control, sharing employees, office space (2000 Center Street, Berkeley), systems and accounts; assets commingled and intercompany transfers undocumented","period":"2019-2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-shared-operations","c-ala-gleif","c-ala-leadership"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-trading: Sister company under Bankman-Fried's common control, sharing employees, office space (2000 Center Street, Berkeley), systems and accounts; assets commingled and intercompany transfers undocumented [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-singh-payable","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-singh-payable","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Intercompany payable to FTX Trading Ltd. created for Nishad Singh's exercise of FTX Trading share options","period":"3 May 2021","claim_ids":["c-ala-singh-option"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-trading: Intercompany payable to FTX Trading Ltd. created for Nishad Singh's exercise of FTX Trading share options [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ftx-ventures","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ftx-ventures","from":"alameda-llc","to":"ftx-ventures","status":"reported","role":"Funded two $100 million investments made through FTX Ventures","period":"2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-sec"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → ftx-ventures: Funded two $100 million investments made through FTX Ventures [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-wang-alameda-llc","from":"gary-wang","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Owns 10%; co-founder","period":"As of 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-entities","c-str-holder-lists","c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → alameda-llc: Owns 10%; co-founder [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-wang-loans","record":{"id":"r-alameda-wang-loans","from":"alameda-llc","to":"gary-wang","status":"reported","role":"Lender under promissory notes of about $224.7 million signed by Wang in 2020-2021","period":"2020-2021","claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-sec"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → gary-wang: Lender under promissory notes of about $224.7 million signed by Wang in 2020-2021 [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rosenberg-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-rosenberg-alameda-llc","from":"matt-rosenberg","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Independent director for the Alameda Silo","period":"Appointed after the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"matt-rosenberg → alameda-llc: Independent director for the Alameda Silo [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-llc-north-dimension","record":{"id":"r-alameda-llc-north-dimension","from":"alameda-llc","to":"north-dimension","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-alameda-chain","c-ala-fiat-cftc","c-ala-fiat-sec"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-llc → north-dimension: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-llc-north-wireless","record":{"id":"r-alameda-llc-north-wireless","from":"alameda-llc","to":"north-wireless","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-alameda-chain"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-llc → north-wireless: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-salame-alameda","record":{"id":"r-salame-alameda","from":"ryan-salame","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"High-ranking official","period":"2019-2021","claim_ids":["c-crim-salame"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ryan-salame → alameda-llc: High-ranking official [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-trabucco-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-trabucco-alameda-llc","from":"sam-trabucco","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Co-chief executive of Alameda Research with Caroline Ellison (announced 12 October 2021)","period":"October 2021 to August 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-leadership"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"sam-trabucco → alameda-llc: Co-chief executive of Alameda Research with Caroline Ellison (announced 12 October 2021) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-sbf-alameda-llc","from":"sbf","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Owns 90%; founder","period":"Founded November 2017; ownership as of 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-entities","c-str-holder-lists","c-str-silo-chart","c-ala-cftc-profile"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → alameda-llc: Owns 90%; founder [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-alameda-ceo","record":{"id":"r-sbf-alameda-ceo","from":"sbf","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive from inception until about August-October 2021; afterwards still a bank-account signatory with direct decision-making authority","period":"November 2017 to 2021 (control until November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-ala-leadership","c-ala-cftc-profile"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"sbf → alameda-llc: Chief executive from inception until about August-October 2021; afterwards still a bank-account signatory with direct decision-making authority [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-sbf-loans","record":{"id":"r-alameda-sbf-loans","from":"alameda-llc","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Lender of more than $1.338 billion under promissory notes signed by Bankman-Fried; transferred tens of millions of dollars to his personal account","period":"March 2020 to September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-sec","c-ala-intercompany"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → sbf: Lender of more than $1.338 billion under promissory notes signed by Bankman-Fried; transferred tens of millions of dollars to his personal account [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ellison-alameda-ltd","record":{"id":"r-ellison-alameda-ltd","from":"caroline-ellison","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive (co-CEO from about October 2021, sole CEO from about August 2022) and director","period":"October 2021 to November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-leadership","c-ala-maclaurin","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-crim-ellison","c-ala-13-7bn"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"caroline-ellison → alameda-ltd: Chief executive (co-CEO from about October 2021, sole CEO from about August 2022) and director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-clifton-alameda-ltd","record":{"id":"r-clifton-alameda-ltd","from":"clifton-bay","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"documented","role":"Owed $1,400 million to Alameda Research Ltd (related-party payable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-clifton-payables"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"clifton-bay → alameda-ltd: Owed $1,400 million to Alameda Research Ltd (related-party payable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-clifton-skybridge","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-clifton-skybridge","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"clifton-bay","status":"reported","role":"Transferred $10 million (31 March 2022) and $45 million (7 September 2022) to Alameda Research Ventures, which passed them to the SkyBridge Coin Fund and SkyBridge","period":"March-September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → clifton-bay: Transferred $10 million (31 March 2022) and $45 million (7 September 2022) to Alameda Research Ventures, which passed them to the SkyBridge Coin Fund and SkyBridge [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-euclid","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-euclid","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"euclid-way","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-alameda-chain"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → euclid-way: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-fdm-flows","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-fdm-flows","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Paid $2,988.2 million to FTX Digital Markets and received $700.7 million from it","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-alameda-flows"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → fdm: Paid $2,988.2 million to FTX Digital Markets and received $700.7 million from it [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-ftx-accounts","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-ftx-accounts","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Received FTX.com customer deposits into its own bank accounts and paid withdrawals, under a Payment Agent Agreement backdated to 1 June 2019","period":"From 16 November 2019 to November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-fiat-accounts-ray","c-cust-commingled-accounts","c-ala-payment-agent"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"infrastructure","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → ftx-trading: Received FTX.com customer deposits into its own bank accounts and paid withdrawals, under a Payment Agent Agreement backdated to 1 June 2019 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-alameda-ltd-transfers","record":{"id":"r-ftx-alameda-ltd-transfers","from":"ftx-trading","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"reported","role":"Customer deposits moved between FTX Trading and Alameda accounts (FTX Trading-9964 to Alameda-9485), including funds later sent to Modulo Capital","period":"October 2021 to November 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-pass-through","c-ala-modulo"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → alameda-ltd: Customer deposits moved between FTX Trading and Alameda accounts (FTX Trading-9964 to Alameda-9485), including funds later sent to Modulo Capital [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-ftx-borrowing","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-ftx-borrowing","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"ftx-trading","status":"reported","role":"\"Borrowing\" $13.7 billion of commingled customer assets from FTX by 1 September 2022, according to Ellison's trial testimony","period":"By 1 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-13-7bn"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → ftx-trading: \"Borrowing\" $13.7 billion of commingled customer assets from FTX by 1 September 2022, according to Ellison's trial testimony [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-alameda-ltd","record":{"id":"r-wang-alameda-ltd","from":"gary-wang","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder","period":"From the founding of Alameda","claim_ids":["c-ala-wang-cofounder"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → alameda-ltd: Co-founder [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-maclaurin","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-maclaurin","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"maclaurin","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (sole shareholder)","period":"As of 2023","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → maclaurin: Owns 100% (sole shareholder) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rosenberg-alameda-ltd","record":{"id":"r-rosenberg-alameda-ltd","from":"matt-rosenberg","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"documented","role":"Sole director","period":"As of 6 February 2023","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"matt-rosenberg → alameda-ltd: Sole director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-modulo","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-modulo","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"modulo","status":"documented","role":"Transferred about $450 million (plus $25 million on 19 May 2022) to Modulo Capital, which returned about $407 million and released $56 million of claims in May 2023","period":"June 2022 to May 2023","claim_ids":["c-ala-modulo"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → modulo: Transferred about $450 million (plus $25 million on 19 May 2022) to Modulo Capital, which returned about $407 million and released $56 million of claims in May 2023 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-singh-loans","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-singh-loans","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"nishad-singh","status":"documented","role":"Lender of $543 million (related-party loan receivable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-ray"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → nishad-singh: Lender of $543 million (related-party loan receivable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-salame-loan","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-salame-loan","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"ryan-salame","status":"documented","role":"Lender of $55 million (related-party loan receivable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-ray"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → ryan-salame: Lender of $55 million (related-party loan receivable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-sbf-loan","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-sbf-loan","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Lender of $1 billion (related-party loan receivable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-insider-loans-ray"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → sbf: Lender of $1 billion (related-party loan receivable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-trabucco-alameda-ltd","record":{"id":"r-trabucco-alameda-ltd","from":"sam-trabucco","to":"alameda-ltd","status":"documented","role":"Employee from 2018; co-chief executive from August 2021","period":"2018 to August 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-trabucco"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"sam-trabucco → alameda-ltd: Employee from 2018; co-chief executive from August 2021 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-trabucco-settlement","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-trabucco-settlement","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"sam-trabucco","status":"documented","role":"Debtor counterparty to Trabucco's customer claims and to a settlement of about $40 million of potentially avoidable transfers (apartments, yacht and claims to be transferred)","period":"Settlement motion of 11 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-trabucco"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → sam-trabucco: Debtor counterparty to Trabucco's customer claims and to a settlement of about $40 million of potentially avoidable transfers (apartments, yacht and claims to be transferred) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-ltd-voyager","record":{"id":"r-alameda-ltd-voyager","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"voyager-digital","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in a preference action (Adv. No. 23-50084), later joined by FTX Trading; settled by the global settlement of 4 April 2024","period":"January 2023 to April 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-voyager","c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → voyager-digital: Plaintiff in a preference action (Adv. No. 23-50084), later joined by FTX Trading; settled by the global settlement of 4 April 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-marku-ftx-certificates","record":{"id":"r-marku-ftx-certificates","from":"aleks-marku","to":"ftx-certificates","status":"documented","role":"Managing officer and signatory","period":"Recorded in 2026","claim_ids":["c-eu-certificates-bankruptcy"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"aleks-marku → ftx-certificates: Managing officer and signatory [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-marku-ftx-derivatives","record":{"id":"r-marku-ftx-derivatives","from":"aleks-marku","to":"ftx-derivatives","status":"documented","role":"Managing officer with sole signature","period":"From September 2024 (register publication)","claim_ids":["c-eu-derivatives"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"aleks-marku → ftx-derivatives: Managing officer with sole signature [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-marku-ftx-general-partners","record":{"id":"r-marku-ftx-general-partners","from":"aleks-marku","to":"ftx-general-partners","status":"documented","role":"Sole board member","period":"Recorded in 2026","claim_ids":["c-eu-general-partners"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"aleks-marku → ftx-general-partners: Sole board member [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-marku-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-marku-ftx-switzerland","from":"aleks-marku","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Managing officer","period":"23 December 2024 to 1 June 2026","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"aleks-marku → ftx-switzerland: Managing officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-allston","record":{"id":"r-ftx-allston","from":"ftx-trading","to":"allston-way","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → allston-way: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-analisya","record":{"id":"r-ftx-analisya","from":"ftx-trading","to":"analisya","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → analisya: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-bancroft","record":{"id":"r-ftx-bancroft","from":"ftx-trading","to":"bancroft-way","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → bancroft-way: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-analisya-ftx-products-sg","record":{"id":"r-analisya-ftx-products-sg","from":"analisya","to":"ftx-products-sg","status":"documented","role":"Shared registered address (8 Marina View, Singapore)","period":"Per Singapore register data","claim_ids":["c-sub-singapore"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"analisya → ftx-products-sg: Shared registered address (8 Marina View, Singapore) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-barkhouse-emergent","record":{"id":"r-barkhouse-emergent","from":"angela-barkhouse","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Joint provisional liquidator appointed by the Antiguan court","period":"From November-December 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"angela-barkhouse → emergent: Joint provisional liquidator appointed by the Antiguan court [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-hohmann-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-hohmann-ftx-switzerland","from":"annekathrin-hohmann","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"28 September 2021 to 17 January 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"annekathrin-hohmann → ftx-switzerland: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-scaramucci","record":{"id":"r-ftx-scaramucci","from":"ftx-trading","to":"anthony-scaramucci","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff (with Island Bay Ventures and Clifton Bay Investments) seeking avoidance and damages for breach of contract and fiduciary duties","period":"Complaint of 8 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → anthony-scaramucci: Plaintiff (with Island Bay Ventures and Clifton Bay Investments) seeking avoidance and damages for breach of contract and fiduciary duties [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-thomas-cub","record":{"id":"r-thomas-cub","from":"arthur-thomas","to":"caribbean-union-bank","status":"reported","role":"Former chairman (per an Antiguan news report)","period":"Before November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-arthur-thomas"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"arthur-thomas → caribbean-union-bank: Former chairman (per an Antiguan news report) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-thomas-ecsrc","record":{"id":"r-thomas-ecsrc","from":"arthur-thomas","to":"ecsrc","status":"documented","role":"Commissioner from 2007, deputy chairman from 2010 and chairman from August 2020","period":"2007 to November 2022 (resigned)","claim_ids":["c-gov-arthur-thomas"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"arthur-thomas → ecsrc: Commissioner from 2007, deputy chairman from 2010 and chairman from August 2020 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-thomas-ftx","record":{"id":"r-thomas-ftx","from":"arthur-thomas","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Director (brought on as an independent director in summer 2021, according to a news report); listed among the directors at filing in the statement of financial affairs but as a former director in the register cited by the debtors","period":"From 2021; status at filing disputed","claim_ids":["c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-arthur-thomas"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"arthur-thomas → ftx-trading: Director (brought on as an independent director in summer 2021, according to a news report); listed among the directors at filing in the statement of financial affairs but as a former director in the register cited by the debtors [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-giovanoli-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-giovanoli-ftx-europe","from":"arturo-giovanoli","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Board member and liquidator with sole signature","period":"From 22 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-liquidation"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"arturo-giovanoli → ftx-europe: Board member and liquidator with sole signature [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-artz-ftx","record":{"id":"r-artz-ftx","from":"artz-fund","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 1,526,228 common, 3,815,337 Series B preferred and 381,557 Series B-1 preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"artz-fund → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 1,526,228 common, 3,815,337 Series B preferred and 381,557 Series B-1 preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-artz-wrs","record":{"id":"r-artz-wrs","from":"artz-fund","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 32,758,000 Class A common and 26,258,205 Series A preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-wrs-holders"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"artz-fund → wrs: Shareholder: 32,758,000 Class A common and 26,258,205 Series A preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ats-innovatia","record":{"id":"r-ats-innovatia","from":"ats-services","to":"innovatia","status":"documented","role":"Corporate secretary","period":"Per Cyprus register data","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ats-services → innovatia: Corporate secretary [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-backpack-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-backpack-ftx-eu","from":"backpack","to":"ftx-eu","status":"reported","role":"Buyer of FTX EU Ltd from Gruhn and Matzke, approved by CySEC; the FTX estate disputed the payment arrangements","period":"From 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-backpack"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"backpack → ftx-eu: Buyer of FTX EU Ltd from Gruhn and Matzke, approved by CySEC; the FTX estate disputed the payment arrangements [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-binance-ftx","record":{"id":"r-binance-ftx","from":"binance","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Early (Series A) equity investor; exited its entire stake in a buyout by Bankman-Fried, receiving about $2.1 billion in BUSD and FTT","period":"Strategic investment from 2019; exit before November 2022","claim_ids":["c-inv-rounds-debtors","c-inv-binance"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"binance → ftx-trading: Early (Series A) equity investor; exited its entire stake in a buyout by Bankman-Fried, receiving about $2.1 billion in BUSD and FTT [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bitflyer-ftx-japan","record":{"id":"r-bitflyer-ftx-japan","from":"bitflyer-holdings","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (bought from FTX Japan Holdings); renamed the company Custodiem, Inc.","period":"From 26 July 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-sale","c-jp-custodiem","c-jp-management-change"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"bitflyer-holdings → ftx-japan: Owns 100% (bought from FTX Japan Holdings); renamed the company Custodiem, Inc. [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-blockfi-emergent","record":{"id":"r-blockfi-emergent","from":"blockfi","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Claimed Emergent's Robinhood shares under a pledge agreement of 9 November 2022 and tried to foreclose on them","period":"From November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-blockfi","c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"blockfi → emergent: Claimed Emergent's Robinhood shares under a pledge agreement of 9 November 2022 and tried to foreclose on them [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wrs-blockfi","record":{"id":"r-wrs-blockfi","from":"wrs","to":"blockfi","status":"documented","role":"Lender under a revolving credit facility of up to $400 million (June 2022, $275 million drawn), with an option on BlockFi equity; also lent FTT","period":"June-November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-blockfi"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"wrs → blockfi: Lender under a revolving credit facility of up to $400 million (June 2022, $275 million drawn), with an option on BlockFi equity; also lent FTT [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-blockfolio","record":{"id":"r-ftx-blockfolio","from":"ftx-trading","to":"blockfolio","status":"documented","role":"Owns 51% (acquired 2020); equity list shows 14,101,493 common shares","period":"From 2020","claim_ids":["c-str-blockfolio"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → blockfolio: Owns 51% (acquired 2020); equity list shows 14,101,493 common shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-blockfolio-holdings","record":{"id":"r-ftx-blockfolio-holdings","from":"ftx-trading","to":"blockfolio-holdings","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-str-blockfolio"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → blockfolio-holdings: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-williams-daag","record":{"id":"r-williams-daag","from":"brandon-williams","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Former shareholder of Digital Assets DA AG; one of the sellers under the purchase agreements","period":"Until 14 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-spa3"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"brandon-williams → ftx-europe: Former shareholder of Digital Assets DA AG; one of the sellers under the purchase agreements [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-williams-daag-job","record":{"id":"r-williams-daag-job","from":"brandon-williams","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Employee of Digital Assets DA AG before its acquisition; described elsewhere as co-founder and head of global business development","period":"From 2020","claim_ids":["c-eu-williams"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"brandon-williams → ftx-europe: Employee of Digital Assets DA AG before its acquisition; described elsewhere as co-founder and head of global business development [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-williams-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-williams-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"brandon-williams","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff against Williams and others over the DAAG purchase; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024","period":"July 2023 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-settlement"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → brandon-williams: Plaintiff against Williams and others over the DAAG purchase; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-williams-spa3","record":{"id":"r-ftx-williams-spa3","from":"ftx-trading","to":"brandon-williams","status":"documented","role":"Buyer of his remaining DAAG shares under the third purchase agreement ($83,333,312.50 paid at closing)","period":"14 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa3"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → brandon-williams: Buyer of his remaining DAAG shares under the third purchase agreement ($83,333,312.50 paid at closing) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-maclaurin-williams","record":{"id":"r-maclaurin-williams","from":"maclaurin","to":"brandon-williams","status":"documented","role":"Buyer under the second DAAG share purchase agreement; paid $18.5 million to the seller","period":"2 July 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa1-spa2"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"maclaurin → brandon-williams: Buyer under the second DAAG share purchase agreement; paid $18.5 million to the seller [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-simms-fdm","record":{"id":"r-simms-fdm","from":"brian-simms","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Provisional liquidator from 10 November 2022 and joint official liquidator from 10 November 2023","period":"From 10 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-official-liquidation","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"brian-simms → fdm: Provisional liquidator from 10 November 2022 and joint official liquidator from 10 November 2023 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-simms-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-simms-recovery-trust","from":"brian-simms","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"brian-simms → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-simms-lennox-paton","record":{"id":"r-simms-lennox-paton","from":"brian-simms","to":"lennox-paton","status":"documented","role":"Senior partner","period":"Per the firm's profile and the liquidators' filings","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"brian-simms → lennox-paton: Senior partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rossiello-btc-africa","record":{"id":"r-rossiello-btc-africa","from":"elizabeth-rossiello","to":"btc-africa","status":"documented","role":"Founder (per a company-data profile)","period":"Not dated","claim_ids":["c-sub-btc-africa"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"elizabeth-rossiello → btc-africa: Founder (per a company-data profile) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-btc-africa","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-btc-africa","from":"ftx-europe","to":"btc-africa","status":"reported","role":"Listed by the debtors as owner of 100%; AZA Finance says the listing is an error","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-sub-btc-africa","c-str-europe-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → btc-africa: Listed by the debtors as owner of 100%; AZA Finance says the listing is an error [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-can-sun-credomedia","record":{"id":"r-can-sun-credomedia","from":"can-sun","to":"credomedia","status":"documented","role":"Managing director (Geschäftsführer)","period":"From 7 July 2026","claim_ids":["c-eu-credomedia"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"can-sun → credomedia: Managing director (Geschäftsführer) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-can-sun-fdm","record":{"id":"r-can-sun-fdm","from":"can-sun","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Legal counsel","period":"From 1 October 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"can-sun → fdm: Legal counsel [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-can-sun-ftx","record":{"id":"r-can-sun-ftx","from":"can-sun","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"General counsel","period":"At the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-gov-sofa-officers"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"can-sun → ftx-trading: General counsel [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-ellison-payments","record":{"id":"r-ftx-ellison-payments","from":"ftx-trading","to":"caroline-ellison","status":"documented","role":"Paid $1,000,000 and $500,000 in cash (insider payments; she is listed as director/officer)","period":"January 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → caroline-ellison: Paid $1,000,000 and $500,000 in cash (insider payments; she is listed as director/officer) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-clifton","record":{"id":"r-wang-clifton","from":"gary-wang","to":"clifton-bay","status":"documented","role":"Owns 23%","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-str-holder-lists"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → clifton-bay: Owns 23% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-clifton-maclaurin","record":{"id":"r-clifton-maclaurin","from":"clifton-bay","to":"maclaurin","status":"documented","role":"Owed $38.5 million to Alameda Ventures Ltd (related-party payable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-clifton-payables"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"clifton-bay → maclaurin: Owed $38.5 million to Alameda Ventures Ltd (related-party payable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-clifton","record":{"id":"r-sbf-clifton","from":"sbf","to":"clifton-bay","status":"documented","role":"Owns 67%","period":"As of 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-holder-lists"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → clifton-bay: Owns 67% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-clifton-skybridge-fund","record":{"id":"r-clifton-skybridge-fund","from":"clifton-bay","to":"skybridge-ii","status":"reported","role":"Invested $10 million (as Alameda Research Ventures) in the SkyBridge Coin Fund managed by SkyBridge","period":"April 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"clifton-bay → skybridge-ii: Invested $10 million (as Alameda Research Ventures) in the SkyBridge Coin Fund managed by SkyBridge [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-clifton-wrss","record":{"id":"r-clifton-wrss","from":"clifton-bay","to":"wrss","status":"documented","role":"Owed $2.25 million to West Realm Shires Services Inc. (related-party payable)","period":"As of 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ala-clifton-payables"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"clifton-bay → wrss: Owed $2.25 million to West Realm Shires Services Inc. (related-party payable) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-cm-equity","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-cm-equity","from":"ftx-europe","to":"cm-equity","status":"documented","role":"Holds about 10%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → cm-equity: Holds about 10% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-cm-equity-restructuring","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-cm-equity-restructuring","from":"ftx-europe","to":"cm-equity","status":"documented","role":"Party to the restructuring agreements settling claims among FTX Europe, the debtors and CM-Equity","period":"Approved 19 April 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-restructuring"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → cm-equity: Party to the restructuring agreements settling claims among FTX Europe, the debtors and CM-Equity [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-trading-gmbh-cm-equity","record":{"id":"r-ftx-trading-gmbh-cm-equity","from":"ftx-trading-gmbh","to":"cm-equity","status":"documented","role":"Joint venture (with DAAG) to offer tokenized equities, and tied agency agreement for use of CM-Equity's BaFin licences","period":"From October 2020","claim_ids":["c-eu-joint-venture"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading-gmbh → cm-equity: Joint venture (with DAAG) to offer tokenized equities, and tied agency agreement for use of CM-Equity's BaFin licences [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-constance-wang-fdm","record":{"id":"r-constance-wang-fdm","from":"constance-wang","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Chief operating officer","period":"From 1 January 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"constance-wang → fdm: Chief operating officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cts-ftx","record":{"id":"r-cts-ftx","from":"corporate-trust-services","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Corporate director (listed among the directors at filing in the statement of financial affairs; a former director in the register cited by the debtors)","period":"Paid monthly from November 2021 to November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"corporate-trust-services → ftx-trading: Corporate director (listed among the directors at filing in the statement of financial affairs; a former director in the register cited by the debtors) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-cts-payments","record":{"id":"r-ftx-cts-payments","from":"ftx-trading","to":"corporate-trust-services","status":"documented","role":"23 payments totalling $602,094.29, mostly monthly fees of $20,833.33","period":"15 November 2021 to 3 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → corporate-trust-services: 23 payments totalling $602,094.29, mostly monthly fees of $20,833.33 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-credomedia-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-credomedia-ftx-eu","from":"credomedia","to":"ftx-eu","status":"documented","role":"Buyer of FTX EU Ltd under the settlement purchase agreement (sale closed 10 May 2024)","period":"From May 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-sale"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"credomedia → ftx-eu: Buyer of FTX EU Ltd under the settlement purchase agreement (sale closed 10 May 2024) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-credomedia","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-credomedia","from":"ftx-europe","to":"credomedia","status":"documented","role":"Seller of FTX EU, FTX Switzerland, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates, FTX Structured Products and operating assets to CredoMedia for $32.7 million","period":"Agreement 7 February 2024; closed 10 May 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-sale"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → credomedia: Seller of FTX EU, FTX Switzerland, FTX Trading GmbH, FTX Certificates, FTX Structured Products and operating assets to CredoMedia for $32.7 million [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rhotert-credomedia","record":{"id":"r-rhotert-credomedia","from":"max-rhotert","to":"credomedia","status":"documented","role":"Managing director","period":"Until July 2026","claim_ids":["c-eu-credomedia"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"max-rhotert → credomedia: Managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-credomedia","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-credomedia","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"credomedia","status":"documented","role":"Managing director","period":"March 2015 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-credomedia"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → credomedia: Managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-credomedia-share","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-credomedia-share","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"credomedia","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder","period":"March 2015 to June 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-credomedia"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → credomedia: Shareholder [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-crypto-bahamas","record":{"id":"r-ftx-crypto-bahamas","from":"ftx-trading","to":"crypto-bahamas","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → crypto-bahamas: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-daag-trading","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-daag-trading","from":"ftx-europe","to":"daag-trading","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → daag-trading: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-daag-usa","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-daag-usa","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"daag-usa","status":"documented","role":"Owns 27%","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → daag-usa: Owns 27% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-friedberg-ftx","record":{"id":"r-friedberg-ftx","from":"daniel-friedberg","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Chief regulatory officer","period":"Until 9 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-sofa-officers"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"daniel-friedberg → ftx-trading: Chief regulatory officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-ventures-dave","record":{"id":"r-ftx-ventures-dave","from":"ftx-ventures","to":"dave-inc","status":"documented","role":"Holder of a $100 million 3% convertible note issued by Dave on 21 March 2022; agreed on 4 January 2024 to sell it back for $71 million plus a possible additional payment","period":"March 2022 to January 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-asset-sales","c-sub-ftx-ventures"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-ventures → dave-inc: Holder of a $100 million 3% convertible note issued by Dave on 21 March 2022; agreed on 4 January 2024 to sell it back for $71 million plus a possible additional payment [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-deep-creek","record":{"id":"r-ftx-deep-creek","from":"ftx-trading","to":"deep-creek","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → deep-creek: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wrs-embed","record":{"id":"r-wrs-embed","from":"wrs","to":"embed","status":"documented","role":"Acquirer of Embed Financial Technologies (paid $236,764,105.34 plus $63.5 million of retention bonuses)","period":"Closed 30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-embed"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"wrs → embed: Acquirer of Embed Financial Technologies (paid $236,764,105.34 plus $63.5 million of retention bonuses) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-emergent-ftx-joint-admin","record":{"id":"r-emergent-ftx-joint-admin","from":"emergent","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Chapter 11 case jointly administered with the FTX debtors' cases","period":"From April 2023 (final order 10 May 2023)","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"kind":"legal","direction":"undirected","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"emergent → ftx-trading: Chapter 11 case jointly administered with the FTX debtors' cases [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-emergent","record":{"id":"r-wang-emergent","from":"gary-wang","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Owns 10%","period":"Per Emergent's governance documents","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → emergent: Owns 10% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-emergent","record":{"id":"r-sbf-emergent","from":"sbf","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Owns 90%","period":"Per Emergent's governance documents","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → emergent: Owns 90% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-emergent-director","record":{"id":"r-sbf-emergent-director","from":"sbf","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Sole director","period":"Per Emergent's register of directors","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → emergent: Sole director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-emergent-robinhood","record":{"id":"r-emergent-robinhood","from":"emergent","to":"robinhood","status":"documented","role":"Held about 56 million Class A shares (7.6% of the class)","period":"Schedule 13D of 12 May 2022; seized about 6 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"emergent → robinhood: Held about 56 million Class A shares (7.6% of the class) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-shukla-emergent","record":{"id":"r-shukla-emergent","from":"toni-shukla","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Joint provisional liquidator appointed by the Antiguan court","period":"From November-December 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"toni-shukla → emergent: Joint provisional liquidator appointed by the Antiguan court [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ukaj-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-ukaj-ftx-switzerland","from":"ernest-ukaj","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Managing officer","period":"12 June 2018 to 28 September 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ernest-ukaj → ftx-switzerland: Managing officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-ftx-property-funding","record":{"id":"r-fdm-ftx-property-funding","from":"fdm","to":"ftx-property","status":"documented","role":"Funded the purchase of Bahamas properties titled to FTX Property Holdings, recorded as an intercompany receivable","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-properties-jpl","c-fdm-properties-ray"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → ftx-property: Funded the purchase of Bahamas properties titled to FTX Property Holdings, recorded as an intercompany receivable [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-ftx-property-dismissal","record":{"id":"r-fdm-ftx-property-dismissal","from":"fdm","to":"ftx-property","status":"documented","role":"Through its liquidators, moved to dismiss FTX Property's Chapter 11 case; liquidation of FTX Property agreed in the Bahamas","period":"From 12 December 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-property-proceedings"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → ftx-property: Through its liquidators, moved to dismiss FTX Property's Chapter 11 case; liquidation of FTX Property agreed in the Bahamas [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-fdm","record":{"id":"r-ftx-fdm","from":"ftx-trading","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%; consolidated FTX Digital Markets' balance sheet","period":"From 2021","claim_ids":["c-fdm-incorporation","c-fdm-consolidation","c-sub-sofa-operating","c-fdm-global-settlement","c-fdm-employee-property"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → fdm: Owns 100%; consolidated FTX Digital Markets' balance sheet [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-ftx-services","record":{"id":"r-fdm-ftx-services","from":"fdm","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Service provider to FTX Trading Ltd.; named party to the FTX International Platform terms of service from 13 May 2022; held an institutional account on FTX.com","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-cust-dotcom-split","c-fdm-migration-jpl","c-fdm-other-services","c-id-headquarters"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → ftx-trading: Service provider to FTX Trading Ltd.; named party to the FTX International Platform terms of service from 13 May 2022; held an institutional account on FTX.com [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-ftx-transfers","record":{"id":"r-fdm-ftx-transfers","from":"fdm","to":"ftx-trading","status":"reported","role":"Transferred over $5.6 billion from its custodial accounts to FTX Trading Ltd. without documented basis; used as a pass-through for at least $5.4 billion of customer deposits","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-flows-jpl","c-fdm-safeguarding","c-fdm-pass-through","c-cust-commingled-accounts","c-fdm-migration-jpl"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → ftx-trading: Transferred over $5.6 billion from its custodial accounts to FTX Trading Ltd. without documented basis; used as a pass-through for at least $5.4 billion of customer deposits [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-ftx-intercompany","record":{"id":"r-fdm-ftx-intercompany","from":"fdm","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Intercompany debtor (net payable of $30 million at 30 September 2022); borrower of a settlement loan from FTX Trading Ltd. set off under the plan","period":"2022-2025","claim_ids":["c-fdm-consolidation","c-fdm-plan-setoff"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → ftx-trading: Intercompany debtor (net payable of $30 million at 30 September 2022); borrower of a settlement loan from FTX Trading Ltd. set off under the plan [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-ftx-dispute","record":{"id":"r-fdm-ftx-dispute","from":"fdm","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Opposing estate in litigation over customer assets (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145), resolved by the global settlement of December 2023 pooling assets","period":"March 2023 to 2024","claim_ids":["c-fdm-dispute","c-fdm-global-settlement","c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition","c-ch11-plan"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"fdm → ftx-trading: Opposing estate in litigation over customer assets (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145), resolved by the global settlement of December 2023 pooling assets [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-fdm","record":{"id":"r-wang-fdm","from":"gary-wang","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Chief technology officer and employee","period":"From 1 January 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → fdm: Chief technology officer and employee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cambridge-fdm","record":{"id":"r-cambridge-fdm","from":"kevin-cambridge","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Joint provisional liquidator from 14 November 2022 and joint official liquidator from 10 November 2023","period":"From 14 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-official-liquidation"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kevin-cambridge → fdm: Joint provisional liquidator from 14 November 2022 and joint official liquidator from 10 November 2023 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-klarpay","record":{"id":"r-fdm-klarpay","from":"fdm","to":"klarpay","status":"documented","role":"Bank holding FTX Digital Markets funds in Switzerland, recoverable by the liquidators after FINMA's recognition","period":"Recognition of 19 June 2024","claim_ids":["c-fdm-official-liquidation"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"infrastructure","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"fdm → klarpay: Bank holding FTX Digital Markets funds in Switzerland, recoverable by the liquidators after FINMA's recognition [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lennox-paton-fdm","record":{"id":"r-lennox-paton-fdm","from":"lennox-paton","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Attorneys for the liquidators","period":"From November 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"lennox-paton → fdm: Attorneys for the liquidators [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-singh-fdm","record":{"id":"r-singh-fdm","from":"nishad-singh","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Director of engineering and employee","period":"From 1 January 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"nishad-singh → fdm: Director of engineering and employee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-north-dimension-fdm","record":{"id":"r-north-dimension-fdm","from":"north-dimension","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Paid $579.1 million to FTX Digital Markets and received $1,400.9 million from it","period":"2021-2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-alameda-flows"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"north-dimension → fdm: Paid $579.1 million to FTX Digital Markets and received $1,400.9 million from it [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-greaves-fdm","record":{"id":"r-greaves-fdm","from":"peter-greaves","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Joint provisional liquidator from 14 November 2022 and joint official liquidator from 10 November 2023","period":"From 14 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation","c-fdm-official-liquidation","c-gov-trustee-profiles"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"peter-greaves → fdm: Joint provisional liquidator from 14 November 2022 and joint official liquidator from 10 November 2023 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-salame-fdm","record":{"id":"r-salame-fdm","from":"ryan-salame","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive and director (co-CEO from about October 2021 per the U.S. Attorney)","period":"From 22 July 2021","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers","c-crim-salame"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ryan-salame → fdm: Chief executive and director (co-CEO from about October 2021 per the U.S. Attorney) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fdm-trabucco","record":{"id":"r-fdm-trabucco","from":"fdm","to":"sam-trabucco","status":"documented","role":"Party to the settlement with Trabucco, who disclaimed any interest in the Albany condominium paid for by FTX Digital Markets","period":"Settlement motion of 11 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-trabucco"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"fdm → sam-trabucco: Party to the settlement with Trabucco, who disclaimed any interest in the Albany condominium paid for by FTX Digital Markets [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-fdm","record":{"id":"r-sbf-fdm","from":"sbf","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Chairman and director","period":"From 22 July 2021","claim_ids":["c-fdm-officers"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → fdm: Chairman and director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lorandi-holenstein","record":{"id":"r-lorandi-holenstein","from":"franco-lorandi","to":"holenstein-brusa","status":"documented","role":"Lawyer leading the provisional administration mandate for FTX Europe AG","period":"From April 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-moratorium"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"franco-lorandi → holenstein-brusa: Lawyer leading the provisional administration mandate for FTX Europe AG [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-australia","record":{"id":"r-ftx-australia","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-australia","status":"documented","role":"Direct parent (the only direct child reported in the LEI system)","period":"Per GLEIF","claim_ids":["c-sub-australia-gleif"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-australia: Direct parent (the only direct child reported in the LEI system) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-mouawad-ftx-australia","record":{"id":"r-mouawad-ftx-australia","from":"john-mouawad","to":"ftx-australia","status":"documented","role":"Joint voluntary administrator","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-mouawad → ftx-australia: Joint voluntary administrator [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-langdon-ftx-australia","record":{"id":"r-langdon-ftx-australia","from":"scott-langdon","to":"ftx-australia","status":"documented","role":"Joint voluntary administrator","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"scott-langdon → ftx-australia: Joint voluntary administrator [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-canada","record":{"id":"r-ftx-canada","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-canada","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-sub-sofa-operating"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-canada: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-certificates","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-certificates","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-certificates","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (direct parent; consolidates it); sold to CredoMedia in 2024","period":"From 2020 to May 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-certificates","c-eu-sale","c-eu-europe-lei"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-certificates: Owns 100% (direct parent; consolidates it); sold to CredoMedia in 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-certificates-europe-address","record":{"id":"r-certificates-europe-address","from":"ftx-certificates","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Registered address care of FTX Europe AG, Churerstrasse 135, Pfäffikon","period":"21 April 2022 to 30 December 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-certificates"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-certificates → ftx-europe: Registered address care of FTX Europe AG, Churerstrasse 135, Pfäffikon [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-crypto-services","record":{"id":"r-ftx-crypto-services","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-crypto-services","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-crypto-services: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-ftx-crypto-services","record":{"id":"r-knipp-ftx-crypto-services","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"ftx-crypto-services","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"Per Cyprus register data","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → ftx-crypto-services: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-switzerland-derivatives","record":{"id":"r-ftx-switzerland-derivatives","from":"ftx-switzerland","to":"ftx-derivatives","status":"documented","role":"Sole member (200 shares of CHF 100), as TL Switzerland GmbH","period":"Per a 2024 register publication","claim_ids":["c-eu-derivatives"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-switzerland → ftx-derivatives: Sole member (200 shares of CHF 100), as TL Switzerland GmbH [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-digital-holdings-sg","record":{"id":"r-ftx-digital-holdings-sg","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-digital-holdings-sg","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-digital-holdings-sg: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-emea","record":{"id":"r-ftx-emea","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-emea","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"From 19 November 2021 (as of the petition date)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-sub-sofa-operating"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-emea: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-innovatia-ftx-emea-address","record":{"id":"r-innovatia-ftx-emea-address","from":"innovatia","to":"ftx-emea","status":"documented","role":"Same registered address (Capital Center, 2-4 Archbishop Makarios III Avenue, Nicosia)","period":"Per Cyprus register data","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"innovatia → ftx-emea: Same registered address (Capital Center, 2-4 Archbishop Makarios III Avenue, Nicosia) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bavaud-ftx-emea","record":{"id":"r-bavaud-ftx-emea","from":"jurg-bavaud","to":"ftx-emea","status":"documented","role":"Former director","period":"Per company-data records","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jurg-bavaud → ftx-emea: Former director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-ftx-emea","record":{"id":"r-knipp-ftx-emea","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"ftx-emea","status":"documented","role":"Director (shown as a former director in another data service)","period":"Per Cyprus register data","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → ftx-emea: Director (shown as a former director in another data service) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-equity-record","record":{"id":"r-ftx-equity-record","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-equity-record","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-equity-record: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-ftx-eu","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-eu","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (bought as K-DNA Financial Services Ltd in September 2022); sold to CredoMedia in 2024","period":"6 September 2022 to 10 May 2024","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier","c-eu-sale","c-eu-kdna"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-eu: Owns 100% (bought as K-DNA Financial Services Ltd in September 2022); sold to CredoMedia in 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-eu-ftx-switzerland-claim","record":{"id":"r-ftx-eu-ftx-switzerland-claim","from":"ftx-eu","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Claimant (claim No. 79926, filed by its director Martha Lambrianou); disallowed on 18 March 2024","period":"September 2023 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-lambrianou"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-eu → ftx-switzerland: Claimant (claim No. 79926, filed by its director Martha Lambrianou); disallowed on 18 March 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-eu-ftx-claim","record":{"id":"r-ftx-eu-ftx-claim","from":"ftx-eu","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Claimant (claim No. 79107 for $161,203,051.84 together with No. 79926); disallowed on 18 March 2024","period":"2023 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-lambrianou"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-eu → ftx-trading: Claimant (claim No. 79107 for $161,203,051.84 together with No. 79926); disallowed on 18 March 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-athinodorou-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-athinodorou-ftx-eu","from":"marios-athinodorou","to":"ftx-eu","status":"documented","role":"Former managing director","period":"Before November 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-lambrianou"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"marios-athinodorou → ftx-eu: Former managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lambrianou-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-lambrianou-ftx-eu","from":"martha-lambrianou","to":"ftx-eu","status":"documented","role":"Director (sole remaining pre-petition director)","period":"At least until 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-lambrianou"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"martha-lambrianou → ftx-eu: Director (sole remaining pre-petition director) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-ftx-eu","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"ftx-eu","status":"reported","role":"Buyer, with Matzke, through the 2024 settlement sale; Backpack says it later bought FTX EU from them","period":"From 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-backpack","c-eu-sale"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → ftx-eu: Buyer, with Matzke, through the 2024 settlement sale; Backpack says it later bought FTX EU from them [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-proverial-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-proverial-ftx-eu","from":"proverial","to":"ftx-eu","status":"documented","role":"Held 85.1% of K-DNA Financial Services; seller to DAAG","period":"Until 6 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-kdna"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"proverial → ftx-eu: Held 85.1% of K-DNA Financial Services; seller to DAAG [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-matzke-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-matzke-ftx-eu","from":"robin-matzke","to":"ftx-eu","status":"reported","role":"Held 5% of K-DNA until 6 September 2022; buyer, with Gruhn, through the 2024 settlement sale","period":"Until September 2022; again from 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-kdna","c-eu-backpack","c-eu-sale"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"robin-matzke → ftx-eu: Held 5% of K-DNA until 6 September 2022; buyer, with Gruhn, through the 2024 settlement sale [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-general-partners","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-general-partners","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-general-partners","status":"reported","role":"Parent company (stake not stated)","period":"Reported November 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-swiss-network"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-general-partners: Parent company (stake not stated) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-structured-products","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-structured-products","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-structured-products","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%; sold to CredoMedia in 2024","period":"Until May 2024","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier","c-eu-sale","c-eu-swiss-network"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-structured-products: Owns 100%; sold to CredoMedia in 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-ftx-switzerland","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (acquired with DAAG as Crypto Lawyers GmbH); sold to CredoMedia in 2024","period":"Register member 19 April 2022 to 30 December 2024","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier","c-eu-ftx-switzerland","c-eu-sale","c-eu-swiss-network","c-eu-kephas-payments"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-switzerland: Owns 100% (acquired with DAAG as Crypto Lawyers GmbH); sold to CredoMedia in 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-ftx-ftx-europe","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%: bought Digital Assets DA AG in stages (20% under the first two agreements, the rest on 14 November 2021, completed 22 November 2021)","period":"From October 2020 (100% from November 2021)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2","c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-spa3","c-eu-spa1-spa2","c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-eu-board-2022"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-europe: Owns 100%: bought Digital Assets DA AG in stages (20% under the first two agreements, the rest on 14 November 2021, completed 22 November 2021) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-crypto-transfer","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-crypto-transfer","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Transferred all of its approximately $105 million of crypto assets to FTX.com before the petition date","period":"Before November 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-disclosure-summary"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-trading: Transferred all of its approximately $105 million of crypto assets to FTX.com before the petition date [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-ftx-intercompany","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-ftx-intercompany","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Intercompany debtor; under the restructuring agreements to return about $30 million to FTX Trading and Alameda Research","period":"Approved 19 April 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-restructuring"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-trading: Intercompany debtor; under the restructuring agreements to return about $30 million to FTX Trading and Alameda Research [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-trading-gmbh","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-trading-gmbh","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-trading-gmbh","status":"documented","role":"Parent company; sold FTX Trading GmbH to CredoMedia in 2024","period":"Until May 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-sale"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-trading-gmbh: Parent company; sold FTX Trading GmbH to CredoMedia in 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-trading-gmbh-daag-jv","record":{"id":"r-ftx-trading-gmbh-daag-jv","from":"ftx-trading-gmbh","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Partners, with CM-Equity, in a joint venture to offer tokenized equities to FTX.com users","period":"From October 2020","claim_ids":["c-eu-joint-venture"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading-gmbh → ftx-europe: Partners, with CM-Equity, in a joint venture to offer tokenized equities to FTX.com users [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-holenstein-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-holenstein-ftx-europe","from":"holenstein-brusa","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Provisional and then definitive administrator (Sachwalterin) in the Swiss debt moratorium","period":"11 April 2023 to 12 September 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-moratorium","c-eu-creditor-call"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"holenstein-brusa → ftx-europe: Provisional and then definitive administrator (Sachwalterin) in the Swiss debt moratorium [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bavaud-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-bavaud-ftx-europe","from":"jurg-bavaud","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Board member","period":"18 February 2022 to January 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-board-2022","c-eu-board-2023","c-eu-swiss-network","c-eu-sale-plan-2023"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jurg-bavaud → ftx-europe: Board member [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-kephas","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-kephas","from":"ftx-europe","to":"kephas","status":"reported","role":"Paid at least $4 million (with FTX Switzerland) for IT and consulting services without a written contract","period":"May 2021 to February 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-kephas-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → kephas: Paid at least $4 million (with FTX Switzerland) for IT and consulting services without a written contract [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kephas-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-kephas-ftx-europe","from":"kephas","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"IT service provider (as DAAG Technology Services) to the debtors before and after the petition date","period":"2021-2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"infrastructure","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kephas → ftx-europe: IT service provider (as DAAG Technology Services) to the debtors before and after the petition date [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-scharli-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-scharli-ftx-europe","from":"kilian-scharli","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Secretary outside the board","period":"Until 18 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-board-2022"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"kilian-scharli → ftx-europe: Secretary outside the board [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-lorem-ipsum-daag","record":{"id":"r-lorem-ipsum-daag","from":"lorem-ipsum","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Former shareholder of Digital Assets DA AG; one of the sellers under the purchase agreements","period":"Until 14 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-litigation"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"lorem-ipsum → ftx-europe: Former shareholder of Digital Assets DA AG; one of the sellers under the purchase agreements [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-maclaurin-daag","record":{"id":"r-maclaurin-daag","from":"maclaurin","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Bought 5% of Digital Assets DA AG under the first purchase agreement (as Alameda Ventures Ltd)","period":"From 25 October 2020","claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-spa1-spa2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"maclaurin → ftx-europe: Bought 5% of Digital Assets DA AG under the first purchase agreement (as Alameda Ventures Ltd) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liebi-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-liebi-ftx-europe","from":"martin-liebi","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Board member","period":"June 2022 to February 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-board-2022","c-eu-board-2023","c-eu-sale-plan-2023"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"martin-liebi → ftx-europe: Board member [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-daag-dastmaltchi","record":{"id":"r-daag-dastmaltchi","from":"ftx-europe","to":"mohammad-dastmaltchi","status":"reported","role":"Paid $5 million (as DAAG) under an agreement of 5 June 2021 to help find a CySEC-licensed investment firm","period":"June 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-dastmaltchi"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → mohammad-dastmaltchi: Paid $5 million (as DAAG) under an agreement of 5 June 2021 to help find a CySEC-licensed investment firm [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-ftx-europe","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Head of FTX Europe","period":"November 2021 to 12 July 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-litigation","c-eu-gruhn-unregistered"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → ftx-europe: Head of FTX Europe [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-daag","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-daag","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Former shareholder of Digital Assets DA AG; one of the sellers under the purchase agreements","period":"Until 14 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → ftx-europe: Former shareholder of Digital Assets DA AG; one of the sellers under the purchase agreements [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-gruhn-sale","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-gruhn-sale","from":"ftx-europe","to":"patrick-gruhn","status":"documented","role":"Counterparty, with Matzke and Lorem Ipsum, to the 2024 share and asset purchase agreement carried out through CredoMedia","period":"Agreement 7 February 2024; closed 10 May 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-sale","c-eu-settlement"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → patrick-gruhn: Counterparty, with Matzke and Lorem Ipsum, to the 2024 share and asset purchase agreement carried out through CredoMedia [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-pw-digital-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-pw-digital-ftx-europe","from":"pw-digital","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Market maker and liquidity provider for FTX Europe entities","period":"Before the 2024 settlement","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"pw-digital → ftx-europe: Market maker and liquidity provider for FTX Europe entities [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-matzke-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-matzke-ftx-europe","from":"robin-matzke","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"President of the board from 18 February 2022, then board member","period":"18 February 2022 to 29 March 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-board-2022","c-eu-board-2023","c-eu-sale-plan-2023"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"robin-matzke → ftx-europe: President of the board from 18 February 2022, then board member [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-matzke-sale","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-matzke-sale","from":"ftx-europe","to":"robin-matzke","status":"documented","role":"Counterparty, with Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum, to the 2024 share and asset purchase agreement carried out through CredoMedia","period":"Agreement 7 February 2024; closed 10 May 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-sale"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-europe → robin-matzke: Counterparty, with Gruhn and Lorem Ipsum, to the 2024 share and asset purchase agreement carried out through CredoMedia [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bavaud-general-partners","record":{"id":"r-bavaud-general-partners","from":"jurg-bavaud","to":"ftx-general-partners","status":"documented","role":"Board member","period":"Reported November 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-swiss-network"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"jurg-bavaud → ftx-general-partners: Board member [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-gibraltar","record":{"id":"r-ftx-gibraltar","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-gibraltar","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (sole shareholder)","period":"From 3 June 2021","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-1","c-sub-gibraltar","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-gibraltar: Owns 100% (sole shareholder) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-ftx-gibraltar","record":{"id":"r-sbf-ftx-gibraltar","from":"sbf","to":"ftx-gibraltar","status":"documented","role":"Sole registered director","period":"Per a Gibraltar law-firm report","claim_ids":["c-sub-gibraltar"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → ftx-gibraltar: Sole registered director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-hong-kong","record":{"id":"r-ftx-hong-kong","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-hong-kong","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-hong-kong: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fjh-ftx-japan","record":{"id":"r-fjh-ftx-japan","from":"ftx-japan-holdings","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%; sold to bitFlyer Holdings","period":"Until 26 July 2024","claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier","c-jp-sale"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-japan-holdings → ftx-japan: Owns 100%; sold to bitFlyer Holdings [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kanto-ftx-japan","record":{"id":"r-kanto-ftx-japan","from":"kanto-lfb","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Issued business suspension, business improvement and domestic asset-holding orders (10 November 2022) and a further asset-holding order (8 March 2024)","period":"From 10 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-jp-fsa-2022","c-jp-fsa-2024"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kanto-lfb → ftx-japan: Issued business suspension, business improvement and domestic asset-holding orders (10 November 2022) and a further asset-holding order (8 March 2024) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kayamori-ftx-japan-claim","record":{"id":"r-kayamori-ftx-japan-claim","from":"kariya-kayamori","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Creditor (claim No. 4158); the debtors objected on 10 July 2024","period":"From 29 June 2023","claim_ids":["c-jp-kayamori"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kariya-kayamori → ftx-japan: Creditor (claim No. 4158); the debtors objected on 10 July 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-takahashi-ftx-japan","record":{"id":"r-takahashi-ftx-japan","from":"koya-takahashi","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Director from September 2022; representative director from 26 July 2024","period":"From September 2022","claim_ids":["c-jp-management-change"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"koya-takahashi → ftx-japan: Director from September 2022; representative director from 26 July 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-ftx-japan","record":{"id":"r-knipp-ftx-japan","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"Until 26 July 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-management-change"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → ftx-japan: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-melamed-ftx-japan","record":{"id":"r-melamed-ftx-japan","from":"seth-melamed","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Representative director and chief operating officer (head of operations of Quoine from September 2017)","period":"Until 26 July 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-roles","c-jp-management-change","c-jp-withdrawals","c-jp-liquid-claims-value"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"seth-melamed → ftx-japan: Representative director and chief operating officer (head of operations of Quoine from September 2017) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-uls-quoine","record":{"id":"r-uls-quoine","from":"uls-group","to":"ftx-japan","status":"documented","role":"Business and capital alliance partner of QUOINE K.K.","period":"2016 to 19 April 2022","claim_ids":["c-jp-uls"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"uls-group → ftx-japan: Business and capital alliance partner of QUOINE K.K. [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fjh-ftx-japan-services","record":{"id":"r-fjh-ftx-japan-services","from":"ftx-japan-holdings","to":"ftx-japan-services","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-japan-holdings → ftx-japan-services: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-fjh","record":{"id":"r-ftx-fjh","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-japan-holdings","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%; acquired the Liquid group (closing 4 April 2022)","period":"From 4 April 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2","c-jp-liquid-acquisition","c-jp-holdings-id","c-jp-liquid-group"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-japan-holdings: Owns 100%; acquired the Liquid group (closing 4 April 2022) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kayamori-fjh","record":{"id":"r-kayamori-fjh","from":"kariya-kayamori","to":"ftx-japan-holdings","status":"reported","role":"Representative director (per an undated start-up database entry)","period":"Not dated","claim_ids":["c-jp-holdings-id"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kariya-kayamori → ftx-japan-holdings: Representative director (per an undated start-up database entry) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fjh-quoine-pte","record":{"id":"r-fjh-quoine-pte","from":"ftx-japan-holdings","to":"quoine-pte","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (sole shareholder)","period":"From April 2022","claim_ids":["c-jp-liquid-group","c-jp-melamed-roles"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-japan-holdings → quoine-pte: Owns 100% (sole shareholder) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-melamed-fjh","record":{"id":"r-melamed-fjh","from":"seth-melamed","to":"ftx-japan-holdings","status":"documented","role":"Representative director and chief operating officer","period":"Until 30 July 2024 (terminated)","claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-roles","c-jp-holdings-id"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"seth-melamed → ftx-japan-holdings: Representative director and chief operating officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-melamed-ftx-sale","record":{"id":"r-melamed-ftx-sale","from":"seth-melamed","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Sold his Liquid Group shares and options to FTX for $44,516,390.24 (closing 4 April 2022); creditor with Claim 3385 for the sale","period":"From 19 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-jp-liquid-acquisition","c-jp-melamed-claims"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"seth-melamed → ftx-trading: Sold his Liquid Group shares and options to FTX for $44,516,390.24 (closing 4 April 2022); creditor with Claim 3385 for the sale [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-malta","record":{"id":"r-ftx-malta","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-malta","status":"documented","role":"Interest in the company (size not stated)","period":"From 16 March 2022","claim_ids":["c-sub-sofa-operating"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-malta: Interest in the company (size not stated) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-products-sg","record":{"id":"r-ftx-products-sg","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-products-sg","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-products-sg: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-property","record":{"id":"r-ftx-property","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-property","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"From 16 June 2022 (as of the petition date)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2","c-fdm-properties-jpl","c-fdm-properties-ray","c-sub-sofa-operating"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-property: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-recovery-trust-ftx","record":{"id":"r-recovery-trust-ftx","from":"ftx-recovery-trust","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Successor to the debtors under the confirmed plan; moved for a final decree closing the Chapter 11 cases","period":"From 3 January 2025","claim_ids":["c-ch11-final-decree","c-ch11-silvergate"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"current"},"reading":"ftx-recovery-trust → ftx-trading: Successor to the debtors under the confirmed plan; moved for a final decree closing the Chapter 11 cases [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ray-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-ray-recovery-trust","from":"john-ray","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-ray → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-farnan-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-farnan-recovery-trust","from":"joseph-farnan","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"joseph-farnan → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doheny-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-doheny-recovery-trust","from":"matt-doheny","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"matt-doheny → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rosenberg-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-rosenberg-recovery-trust","from":"matt-rosenberg","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"matt-rosenberg → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sonkin-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-sonkin-recovery-trust","from":"mitchell-sonkin","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"mitchell-sonkin → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-greaves-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-greaves-recovery-trust","from":"peter-greaves","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"peter-greaves → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-jain-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-jain-recovery-trust","from":"rishi-jain","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"rishi-jain → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-copley-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-copley-recovery-trust","from":"paul-copley","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Trustee","period":"Per the trust's SEC schedule","claim_ids":["c-gov-recovery-trustees"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paul-copley → ftx-recovery-trust: Trustee [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-services-solutions","record":{"id":"r-ftx-services-solutions","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-services-solutions","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"From 6 June 2022 (as of the petition date)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2","c-sub-sofa-operating"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-services-solutions: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bavaud-structured-products","record":{"id":"r-bavaud-structured-products","from":"jurg-bavaud","to":"ftx-structured-products","status":"documented","role":"Board member from 21 April 2023 to 29 September 2024; liquidator from 17 May 2025","period":"From 21 April 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-structured-products","c-eu-swiss-network"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"jurg-bavaud → ftx-structured-products: Board member from 21 April 2023 to 29 September 2024; liquidator from 17 May 2025 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bavaud-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-bavaud-ftx-switzerland","from":"jurg-bavaud","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Director from 17 January 2022; managing officer from 4 April 2023","period":"17 January 2022 to 3 September 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers","c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jurg-bavaud → ftx-switzerland: Director from 17 January 2022; managing officer from 4 April 2023 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rhotert-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-rhotert-ftx-switzerland","from":"max-rhotert","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Chief operating officer of Crypto Lawyers; managing officer","period":"28 September 2021 to 4 April 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland","c-eu-ftx-switzerland-officers"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"max-rhotert → ftx-switzerland: Chief operating officer of Crypto Lawyers; managing officer [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-ftx-switzerland","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-ftx-switzerland","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"ftx-switzerland","status":"documented","role":"Founder (as K & G Lawyers, later Crypto Lawyers GmbH) and managing director","period":"From June 2018","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-switzerland"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → ftx-switzerland: Founder (as K & G Lawyers, later Crypto Lawyers GmbH) and managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-trading-gmbh","record":{"id":"r-ftx-trading-gmbh","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-trading-gmbh","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (petition-date statement)","period":"As of November 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2","c-eu-joint-venture"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-trading-gmbh: Owns 100% (petition-date statement) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-turkey","record":{"id":"r-ftx-turkey","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-turkey","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% per the ownership statement; 80% per the company's equity holder list","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-turkey","c-str-subs-2","c-sub-sofa-operating"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-turkey: Owns 100% per the ownership statement; 80% per the company's equity holder list [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-zuma","record":{"id":"r-ftx-zuma","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ftx-zuma","status":"documented","role":"Owns 9,999,999 of 10,000,000 shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-str-zuma","c-str-subs-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ftx-zuma: Owns 9,999,999 of 10,000,000 shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-ftx","record":{"id":"r-wang-ftx","from":"gary-wang","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder (April 2019) and chief technology officer; one of three people who controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group","period":"April 2019 to about 18 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-str-founding","c-reg-sec-complaint","c-crim-wang","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-gov-control","c-id-scale"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"gary-wang → ftx-trading: Co-founder (April 2019) and chief technology officer; one of three people who controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-gg-trading","record":{"id":"r-ftx-gg-trading","from":"ftx-trading","to":"gg-trading","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → gg-trading: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-global-compass","record":{"id":"r-ftx-global-compass","from":"ftx-trading","to":"global-compass","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → global-compass: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-hive-empire","record":{"id":"r-ftx-hive-empire","from":"ftx-trading","to":"hive-empire","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → hive-empire: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-innovatia","record":{"id":"r-ftx-innovatia","from":"ftx-trading","to":"innovatia","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%; acquired the Zubr group through it in September 2021","period":"From September 2021","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-zubr"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → innovatia: Owns 100%; acquired the Zubr group through it in September 2021 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ray-ftx","record":{"id":"r-ray-ftx","from":"john-ray","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive officer with plenary authority; signed the petition","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-ratification"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-ray → ftx-trading: Chief executive officer with plenary authority; signed the petition [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ray-wrs","record":{"id":"r-ray-wrs","from":"john-ray","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive officer (appointed under the Omnibus Corporate Authority)","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-omnibus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-ray → wrs: Chief executive officer (appointed under the Omnibus Corporate Authority) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ray-alameda-llc","record":{"id":"r-ray-alameda-llc","from":"john-ray","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive officer (appointed under the Omnibus Corporate Authority)","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-omnibus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-ray → alameda-llc: Chief executive officer (appointed under the Omnibus Corporate Authority) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ray-paper-bird","record":{"id":"r-ray-paper-bird","from":"john-ray","to":"paper-bird","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive officer; appointed Rishi Jain as sole director","period":"From November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-ventures-directors"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-ray → paper-bird: Chief executive officer; appointed Rishi Jain as sole director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-jain-paper-bird","record":{"id":"r-jain-paper-bird","from":"rishi-jain","to":"paper-bird","status":"documented","role":"Sole director (appointed by Ray)","period":"From 21 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-ventures-directors"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"rishi-jain → paper-bird: Sole director (appointed by Ray) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cheesman-ftx","record":{"id":"r-cheesman-ftx","from":"jonathan-cheesman","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"Until 2 June 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-gov-register","c-gov-board-report"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jonathan-cheesman → ftx-trading: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-cheesman-payment","record":{"id":"r-ftx-cheesman-payment","from":"ftx-trading","to":"jonathan-cheesman","status":"documented","role":"Paid $772,100 in cash (insider payment to a director)","period":"12 January 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → jonathan-cheesman: Paid $772,100 in cash (insider payment to a director) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-farnan-ftx","record":{"id":"r-farnan-ftx","from":"joseph-farnan","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Independent director (Dotcom Silo)","period":"From November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-ratification","c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"joseph-farnan → ftx-trading: Independent director (Dotcom Silo) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-kayamori-payment","record":{"id":"r-ftx-kayamori-payment","from":"ftx-trading","to":"kariya-kayamori","status":"documented","role":"Paid $6,000,000 in cash (insider payment; listed as director/officer)","period":"4 April 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments","c-jp-kayamori"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → kariya-kayamori: Paid $6,000,000 in cash (insider payment; listed as director/officer) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kayamori-ftx-claim","record":{"id":"r-kayamori-ftx-claim","from":"kariya-kayamori","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Creditor (claim No. 3974 against \"FTX\"); the debtors objected on 10 July 2024","period":"From 29 June 2023","claim_ids":["c-jp-kayamori"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kariya-kayamori → ftx-trading: Creditor (claim No. 3974 against \"FTX\"); the debtors objected on 10 July 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-ftx-bahamas","record":{"id":"r-knipp-ftx-bahamas","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Foreign representative in the Bahamas, recognised by declaratory order","period":"From 23 February 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → ftx-trading: Foreign representative in the Bahamas, recognised by declaratory order [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-liquid-securities-sg","record":{"id":"r-ftx-liquid-securities-sg","from":"ftx-trading","to":"liquid-securities-sg","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → liquid-securities-sg: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-lorem-ipsum-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-lorem-ipsum-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"lorem-ipsum","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff (with Maclaurin) seeking avoidance and damages over the DAAG purchase; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024","period":"July 2023 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-litigation","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-settlement"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → lorem-ipsum: Plaintiff (with Maclaurin) seeking avoidance and damages over the DAAG purchase; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-lorem-ipsum-spa3","record":{"id":"r-ftx-lorem-ipsum-spa3","from":"ftx-trading","to":"lorem-ipsum","status":"documented","role":"Buyer of its DAAG shares under the third agreement ($41,666,671.88 at closing plus earn-out instalments paid in 2022)","period":"14 November 2021 to October 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-spa3","c-eu-earnouts"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → lorem-ipsum: Buyer of its DAAG shares under the third agreement ($41,666,671.88 at closing plus earn-out instalments paid in 2022) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-lt-baskets","record":{"id":"r-ftx-lt-baskets","from":"ftx-trading","to":"lt-baskets","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → lt-baskets: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-lt-baskets-services","record":{"id":"r-ftx-lt-baskets-services","from":"ftx-trading","to":"lt-baskets","status":"reported","role":"Delivered, together, the unregulated services of the FTX International Platform (per FTX Digital Markets' liquidators)","period":"From May 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-other-services"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → lt-baskets: Delivered, together, the unregulated services of the FTX International Platform (per FTX Digital Markets' liquidators) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-maclaurin-daag-stake","record":{"id":"r-ftx-maclaurin-daag-stake","from":"ftx-trading","to":"maclaurin","status":"documented","role":"Bought Alameda's 20% stake in DAAG","period":"18 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa1-spa2"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → maclaurin: Bought Alameda's 20% stake in DAAG [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-mangrove-cay","record":{"id":"r-ftx-mangrove-cay","from":"ftx-trading","to":"mangrove-cay","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → mangrove-cay: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-masak-ftx","record":{"id":"r-masak-ftx","from":"masak","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Opened an examination of persons connected with the FTX.com platform and suspended their account transactions","period":"From 14 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"masak → ftx-trading: Opened an examination of persons connected with the FTX.com platform and suspended their account transactions [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-masak-istanbul","record":{"id":"r-masak-istanbul","from":"masak","to":"istanbul-prosecutor","status":"documented","role":"Applied for a criminal investigation and the seizure of suspects' assets","period":"November 2022","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"masak → istanbul-prosecutor: Applied for a criminal investigation and the seizure of suspects' assets [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doheny-ftx","record":{"id":"r-doheny-ftx","from":"matt-doheny","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Independent director (Dotcom Silo)","period":"From November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-ratification","c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"matt-doheny → ftx-trading: Independent director (Dotcom Silo) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-singh-ftx","record":{"id":"r-singh-ftx","from":"nishad-singh","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder (April 2019) and director of engineering; one of three people who controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group","period":"April 2019 to November 2022","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-str-founding","c-gov-control","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-reg-cftc-singh","c-id-scale"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"nishad-singh → ftx-trading: Co-founder (April 2019) and director of engineering; one of three people who controlled nearly every significant aspect of the group [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-singh-ftx-director","record":{"id":"r-singh-ftx-director","from":"nishad-singh","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Director; resigned by email on 10 November 2022","period":"Until 10 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-register","c-gov-sofa-officers"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"nishad-singh → ftx-trading: Director; resigned by email on 10 November 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-singh-ftx-shares","record":{"id":"r-singh-ftx-shares","from":"nishad-singh","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Holder of 44,000,000 common shares, issued on 15 November 2021 under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan without payment of the exercise price","period":"From 15 November 2021","claim_ids":["c-inv-singh-holder","c-gov-insider-payments","c-ala-singh-option"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"nishad-singh → ftx-trading: Holder of 44,000,000 common shares, issued on 15 November 2021 under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan without payment of the exercise price [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-singh-payment","record":{"id":"r-ftx-singh-payment","from":"ftx-trading","to":"nishad-singh","status":"documented","role":"Paid $3,000,000 in cash (insider payment)","period":"28 December 2021","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → nishad-singh: Paid $3,000,000 in cash (insider payment) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-north-dimension-ftx-accounts","record":{"id":"r-north-dimension-ftx-accounts","from":"north-dimension","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Bank accounts (North Dimension-8738 and -8746) into which FTX.com customers were told to wire fiat deposits","period":"From April 2021","claim_ids":["c-ala-north-dimension","c-ala-fiat-sec","c-cust-commingled-accounts"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"infrastructure","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"north-dimension → ftx-trading: Bank accounts (North Dimension-8738 and -8746) into which FTX.com customers were told to wire fiat deposits [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ontario-ftx","record":{"id":"r-ontario-ftx","from":"ontario-2873313","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 2,233,504 common and 558,376 Series B-1 preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ontario-2873313 → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 2,233,504 common and 558,376 Series B-1 preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-paper-bird-ftx","record":{"id":"r-paper-bird-ftx","from":"paper-bird","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Controlling shareholder: about 75% (other debtor filings give 80% or 86%)","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-paper-bird","c-str-paper-bird-figures","c-gov-ratification","c-gov-sofa-officers"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paper-bird → ftx-trading: Controlling shareholder: about 75% (other debtor filings give 80% or 86%) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-paradigm-green-ftx","record":{"id":"r-paradigm-green-ftx","from":"paradigm-green","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 1,526,135 Series B and 575,310 Series C preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paradigm-green → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 1,526,135 Series B and 575,310 Series C preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-paradigm-one-ftx","record":{"id":"r-paradigm-one-ftx","from":"paradigm-one","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 1,054,735 Series C preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paradigm-one → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 1,054,735 Series C preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-gruhn-payments","record":{"id":"r-ftx-gruhn-payments","from":"ftx-trading","to":"patrick-gruhn","status":"documented","role":"Five cash payments totalling $83,750,009.38 (listed as officer)","period":"23 November 2021 to 9 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → patrick-gruhn: Five cash payments totalling $83,750,009.38 (listed as officer) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-gruhn-spa3","record":{"id":"r-ftx-gruhn-spa3","from":"ftx-trading","to":"patrick-gruhn","status":"documented","role":"Buyer of his DAAG shares under the third agreement ($41,666,671.88 at closing plus earn-out instalments paid in 2022)","period":"14 November 2021 to October 2022","claim_ids":["c-eu-daag-acquisition","c-eu-spa3","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-acquisition-purpose"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → patrick-gruhn: Buyer of his DAAG shares under the third agreement ($41,666,671.88 at closing plus earn-out instalments paid in 2022) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-gruhn-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-gruhn-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"patrick-gruhn","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff seeking avoidance and damages over the DAAG purchase; Gruhn moved to dismiss FTX Trading's Chapter 11 case; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024","period":"July 2023 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-litigation","c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-settlement"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → patrick-gruhn: Plaintiff seeking avoidance and damages over the DAAG purchase; Gruhn moved to dismiss FTX Trading's Chapter 11 case; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-prager-metis-ftx","record":{"id":"r-prager-metis-ftx","from":"prager-metis","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Auditor of the Dotcom Silo's 2021 financial statements","period":"Fiscal year 2021","claim_ids":["c-cust-balance-sheet"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"prager-metis → ftx-trading: Auditor of the Dotcom Silo's 2021 financial statements [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-pt-triniti","record":{"id":"r-ftx-pt-triniti","from":"ftx-trading","to":"pt-triniti","status":"documented","role":"99% holding (per the debtors' structure chart); interest listed in the statement of financial affairs","period":"From 20 May 2021","claim_ids":["c-str-pt-triniti"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → pt-triniti: 99% holding (per the debtors' structure chart); interest listed in the statement of financial affairs [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-robert-lee-ftx","record":{"id":"r-robert-lee-ftx","from":"robert-lee-associates","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Accountants who kept its books and records (\"transitioning\" at filing)","period":"From 11 November 2020","claim_ids":["c-gov-bookkeepers"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"robert-lee-associates → ftx-trading: Accountants who kept its books and records (\"transitioning\" at filing) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-matzke-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-matzke-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"robin-matzke","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff seeking avoidance and damages over the DAAG purchase; Matzke moved to dismiss FTX Trading's Chapter 11 case; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024","period":"July 2023 to March 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-litigation","c-eu-acquisition-purpose","c-eu-earnouts","c-eu-settlement"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → robin-matzke: Plaintiff seeking avoidance and damages over the DAAG purchase; Matzke moved to dismiss FTX Trading's Chapter 11 case; settled by stipulation approved 18 March 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cunningham-ftx","record":{"id":"r-cunningham-ftx","from":"rushaine-cunningham","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Corporate service provider recorded for the IBC in the register's strike-off notice","period":"Notice of May 2026","claim_ids":["c-id-ibc-strike-notice"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"rushaine-cunningham → ftx-trading: Corporate service provider recorded for the IBC in the register's strike-off notice [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-salame-payment","record":{"id":"r-ftx-salame-payment","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ryan-salame","status":"documented","role":"Paid $1,500,000 in cash (insider payment; listed as director/officer)","period":"27 December 2021","claim_ids":["c-gov-insider-payments"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ryan-salame: Paid $1,500,000 in cash (insider payment; listed as director/officer) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-salt-sponsorship","record":{"id":"r-ftx-salt-sponsorship","from":"ftx-trading","to":"salt","status":"reported","role":"Sponsorship agreement of January 2022 ($12 million for 2022-2024); paid $2 million in January and April 2022","period":"January 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → salt: Sponsorship agreement of January 2022 ($12 million for 2022-2024); paid $2 million in January and April 2022 [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-salt-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-salt-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"salt","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff seeking avoidance of the sponsorship transfers; SALT filed claim 5126 for $8 million","period":"From 8 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → salt: Plaintiff seeking avoidance of the sponsorship transfers; SALT filed claim 5126 for $8 million [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-trabucco-ftx","record":{"id":"r-trabucco-ftx","from":"sam-trabucco","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"FTX.com customer and creditor (customer claims of $69,176,447.13 against FTX.com); party to the settlement transferring his claims to the debtors","period":"Claims filed 29 June 2023; settlement motion 11 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-trabucco"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sam-trabucco → ftx-trading: FTX.com customer and creditor (customer claims of $69,176,447.13 against FTX.com); party to the settlement transferring his claims to the debtors [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-ftx-founder","record":{"id":"r-sbf-ftx-founder","from":"sbf","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Founder (with Wang and Singh, April 2019)","period":"From April 2019","claim_ids":["c-id-company","c-str-founding","c-crim-sbf"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → ftx-trading: Founder (with Wang and Singh, April 2019) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-ftx-ceo","record":{"id":"r-sbf-ftx-ceo","from":"sbf","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive officer and director; signed for both FTX Trading and Alameda; resigned as CEO in the early hours of 11 November 2022","period":"From 2019 to 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-gov-form-d-persons","c-gov-omnibus","c-gov-register","c-gov-sofa-officers","c-ala-payment-agent","c-eu-spa1-spa2","c-id-ibca","c-id-form-d"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"sbf → ftx-trading: Chief executive officer and director; signed for both FTX Trading and Alameda; resigned as CEO in the early hours of 11 November 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-ftx-control","record":{"id":"r-sbf-ftx-control","from":"sbf","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Indirect owner of about 75% through Paper Bird; ultimate control of the group and the final voice in all significant decisions","period":"Until November 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-sbf-stakes","c-str-silos","c-str-no-parent","c-gov-control","c-ala-shared-operations","c-id-scale"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"sbf → ftx-trading: Indirect owner of about 75% through Paper Bird; ultimate control of the group and the final voice in all significant decisions [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-sbf-forfeiture","record":{"id":"r-ftx-sbf-forfeiture","from":"ftx-trading","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Third-party petitioner in the forfeiture proceedings against Bankman-Fried (filed 14 June 2024, withdrawn 14 February 2025)","period":"June 2024 to February 2025","claim_ids":["c-crim-ftx-forfeiture-petition"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → sbf: Third-party petitioner in the forfeiture proceedings against Bankman-Fried (filed 14 June 2024, withdrawn 14 February 2025) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-scge-ftx","record":{"id":"r-scge-ftx","from":"scge","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 1,831,472 common and 457,868 Series B-1 preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"scge → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 1,831,472 common and 457,868 Series B-1 preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sequoia-endurance-ftx","record":{"id":"r-sequoia-endurance-ftx","from":"sequoia-endurance","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 457,868 common shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sequoia-endurance → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 457,868 common shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-melamed-ftx-claim","record":{"id":"r-melamed-ftx-claim","from":"seth-melamed","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Creditor (Claim 3385) alleging misrepresentations in the Liquid sale; appellant against FTX Trading Ltd. (Civil Action No. 24-1176-CFC)","period":"From 2023","claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-allegations","c-jp-melamed-appeal","c-jp-melamed-claims"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"seth-melamed → ftx-trading: Creditor (Claim 3385) alleging misrepresentations in the Liquid sale; appellant against FTX Trading Ltd. (Civil Action No. 24-1176-CFC) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-silvergate","record":{"id":"r-ftx-silvergate","from":"ftx-trading","to":"silvergate","status":"documented","role":"Creditor in Silvergate's Chapter 11 case (proof of claim 137 filed by the FTX Group); the FTX Group's bank from 2018 to November 2022","period":"Claim filed 31 October 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-silvergate"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → silvergate: Creditor in Silvergate's Chapter 11 case (proof of claim 137 filed by the FTX Group); the FTX Group's bank from 2018 to November 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-skybridge-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-skybridge-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"skybridge-ii","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff seeking to avoid the $45 million SkyBridge purchase and other transfers (Adv. Pro. No. 24-50209); SkyBridge filed $45 million claims","period":"From 8 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions","c-ch11-skybridge-claims","c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → skybridge-ii: Plaintiff seeking to avoid the $45 million SkyBridge purchase and other transfers (Adv. Pro. No. 24-50209); SkyBridge filed $45 million claims [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-svf-tempest-ftx","record":{"id":"r-svf-tempest-ftx","from":"svf-tempest","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 2,861,504 Series B and 215,741 Series C preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-1"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"svf-tempest → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 2,861,504 Series B and 215,741 Series C preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-third-point-ftx","record":{"id":"r-third-point-ftx","from":"third-point","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 431,482 Series C preferred shares (as nominee for funds managed by Third Point LLC)","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"third-point → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 431,482 Series C preferred shares (as nominee for funds managed by Third Point LLC) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-thoma-bravo-ftx","record":{"id":"r-thoma-bravo-ftx","from":"thoma-bravo","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 1,070,244 Series B preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"thoma-bravo → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 1,070,244 Series B preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-thoma-bravo-a-ftx","record":{"id":"r-thoma-bravo-a-ftx","from":"thoma-bravo-a","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 3,508,162 Series B preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"thoma-bravo-a → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 3,508,162 Series B preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-tiger-global-ftx","record":{"id":"r-tiger-global-ftx","from":"tiger-global","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 236,565 common, 59,141 Series B-1 and 323,612 Series C preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-holders-2"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"tiger-global → ftx-trading: Shareholder: 236,565 common, 59,141 Series B-1 and 323,612 Series C preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-tsb","record":{"id":"r-ftx-tsb","from":"ftx-trading","to":"tsb","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → tsb: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-west-innovative-barista","record":{"id":"r-ftx-west-innovative-barista","from":"ftx-trading","to":"west-innovative-barista","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → west-innovative-barista: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-western-concord","record":{"id":"r-ftx-western-concord","from":"ftx-trading","to":"western-concord","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-subs-3","c-sub-sofa-dormant"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → western-concord: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-wrs-silos","record":{"id":"r-ftx-wrs-silos","from":"ftx-trading","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Parallel silo parents under Bankman-Fried's control; the only debtors with third-party equity investors","period":"Until November 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-silos","c-str-sbf-stakes"],"kind":"other","direction":"undirected","role_group":"associations","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-trading → wrs: Parallel silo parents under Bankman-Fried's control; the only debtors with third-party equity investors [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-zubr","record":{"id":"r-ftx-zubr","from":"ftx-trading","to":"zubr","status":"documented","role":"Acquirer of the Zubr group (held through Innovatia)","period":"From September 2021","claim_ids":["c-sub-zubr"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → zubr: Acquirer of the Zubr group (held through Innovatia) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-bavaud-ftx-trading-gmbh","record":{"id":"r-bavaud-ftx-trading-gmbh","from":"jurg-bavaud","to":"ftx-trading-gmbh","status":"documented","role":"Managing director","period":"14 April 2023 to 16 September 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-trading-gmbh"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"jurg-bavaud → ftx-trading-gmbh: Managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rhotert-ftx-trading-gmbh","record":{"id":"r-rhotert-ftx-trading-gmbh","from":"max-rhotert","to":"ftx-trading-gmbh","status":"documented","role":"Managing director (7 December 2020 to 14 April 2023 and again from September 2024)","period":"From 7 December 2020","claim_ids":["c-eu-ftx-trading-gmbh","c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"max-rhotert → ftx-trading-gmbh: Managing director (7 December 2020 to 14 April 2023 and again from September 2024) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ray-ftx-ventures","record":{"id":"r-ray-ftx-ventures","from":"john-ray","to":"ftx-ventures","status":"documented","role":"Authorized signatory (signed the Dave note sale agreement)","period":"January 2024","claim_ids":["c-sub-ftx-ventures"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-ray → ftx-ventures: Authorized signatory (signed the Dave note sale agreement) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-paper-bird-ftx-ventures","record":{"id":"r-paper-bird-ftx-ventures","from":"paper-bird","to":"ftx-ventures","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-other-tier","c-sub-ftx-ventures"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paper-bird → ftx-ventures: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-ftx-ventures","record":{"id":"r-sbf-ftx-ventures","from":"sbf","to":"ftx-ventures","status":"reported","role":"Founder (per a venture-data profile)","period":"Not dated","claim_ids":["c-sub-ftx-ventures"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → ftx-ventures: Founder (per a venture-data profile) [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-wrs","record":{"id":"r-wang-wrs","from":"gary-wang","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 247,545,000 Class A and 356,624,000 Class B common shares (16.93% of the WRS Silo)","period":"As listed in November 2022 and January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-wrs-holders","c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → wrs: Shareholder: 247,545,000 Class A and 356,624,000 Class B common shares (16.93% of the WRS Silo) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-wrs-founder","record":{"id":"r-wang-wrs-founder","from":"gary-wang","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder","period":"From the founding of West Realm Shires","claim_ids":["c-ala-wang-cofounder"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → wrs: Co-founder [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wang-wrss-founder","record":{"id":"r-wang-wrss-founder","from":"gary-wang","to":"wrss","status":"documented","role":"Co-founder","period":"From the founding of West Realm Shires Services","claim_ids":["c-ala-wang-cofounder"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"gary-wang → wrss: Co-founder [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-innovatia","record":{"id":"r-knipp-innovatia","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"innovatia","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"Per Cyprus register data","claim_ids":["c-sub-cyprus"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → innovatia: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-innovatia-zubr","record":{"id":"r-innovatia-zubr","from":"innovatia","to":"zubr","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (sole registered shareholder)","period":"From 2021","claim_ids":["c-sub-zubr","c-str-other-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"innovatia → zubr: Owns 100% (sole registered shareholder) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-paper-bird-island-bay","record":{"id":"r-paper-bird-island-bay","from":"paper-bird","to":"island-bay","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-other-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"paper-bird → island-bay: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-island-bay-skybridge","record":{"id":"r-island-bay-skybridge","from":"island-bay","to":"skybridge-ii","status":"documented","role":"Bought 30% membership interests in SkyBridge Capital II and SkyBridge GP for $45 million, with an option on a further 55% for $137,500,000","period":"From 7 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-skybridge-transactions"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"island-bay → skybridge-ii: Bought 30% membership interests in SkyBridge Capital II and SkyBridge GP for $45 million, with an option on a further 55% for $137,500,000 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-istanbul-sbf","record":{"id":"r-istanbul-sbf","from":"istanbul-prosecutor","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Opened a judicial investigation of Bankman-Fried and others for money laundering and predicate offences; suspects' assets seized","period":"From November 2022","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"istanbul-prosecutor → sbf: Opened a judicial investigation of Bankman-Fried and others for money laundering and predicate offences; suspects' assets seized [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-kayamori-quoine-india","record":{"id":"r-kayamori-quoine-india","from":"kariya-kayamori","to":"quoine-india","status":"documented","role":"Former director","period":"Per Indian company data","claim_ids":["c-jp-quoine-india"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"kariya-kayamori → quoine-india: Former director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-kephas","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-kephas","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"kephas","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties","c-eu-kephas-payments"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → kephas: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-kephas-stiftung","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-kephas-stiftung","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"kephas-stiftung","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → kephas-stiftung: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-kephas-stiftung-md","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-kephas-stiftung-md","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"kephas-stiftung","status":"documented","role":"Managing director","period":"Register entries from 2011","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → kephas-stiftung: Managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-langdon-kordamentha","record":{"id":"r-langdon-kordamentha","from":"scott-langdon","to":"kordamentha","status":"documented","role":"Partner","period":"At the time of the FTX Australia appointment","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"scott-langdon → kordamentha: Partner [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-quoine-india","record":{"id":"r-knipp-quoine-india","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"quoine-india","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From 30 September 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-quoine-india"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → quoine-india: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-knipp-quoine-pte","record":{"id":"r-knipp-quoine-pte","from":"kurt-knipp","to":"quoine-pte","status":"documented","role":"Foreign representative (with Philippe Taverne)","period":"From 13 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-quoine-pte"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"kurt-knipp → quoine-pte: Foreign representative (with Philippe Taverne) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-taverne-quoine-pte","record":{"id":"r-taverne-quoine-pte","from":"philippe-taverne","to":"quoine-pte","status":"documented","role":"Foreign representative (with Kurt Knipp)","period":"From 13 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-quoine-pte"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"philippe-taverne → quoine-pte: Foreign representative (with Kurt Knipp) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-maclaurin-lorem-ipsum","record":{"id":"r-maclaurin-lorem-ipsum","from":"maclaurin","to":"lorem-ipsum","status":"documented","role":"Buyer of DAAG shares from Lorem Ipsum under the first and second purchase agreements","period":"October 2020 to July 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa1-spa2"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"maclaurin → lorem-ipsum: Buyer of DAAG shares from Lorem Ipsum under the first and second purchase agreements [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-matzke-lorem-ipsum","record":{"id":"r-matzke-lorem-ipsum","from":"robin-matzke","to":"lorem-ipsum","status":"documented","role":"Sole shareholder and managing director","period":"Per the debtors' 2023 complaint","claim_ids":["c-eu-litigation","c-eu-daag-acquisition"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"robin-matzke → lorem-ipsum: Sole shareholder and managing director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-chan-maclaurin","record":{"id":"r-chan-maclaurin","from":"luk-wai-chan","to":"maclaurin","status":"documented","role":"Founder and first director (of Alameda Ventures Ltd)","period":"December 2019 to November 2022 (resigned)","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"luk-wai-chan → maclaurin: Founder and first director (of Alameda Ventures Ltd) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-law-maclaurin","record":{"id":"r-law-maclaurin","from":"wing-man-charis-law","to":"maclaurin","status":"documented","role":"Founder and first director (of Alameda Ventures Ltd)","period":"December 2019 to November 2022 (resigned)","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"wing-man-charis-law → maclaurin: Founder and first director (of Alameda Ventures Ltd) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-maclaurin","record":{"id":"r-sbf-maclaurin","from":"sbf","to":"maclaurin","status":"documented","role":"Founder and first director (of Alameda Ventures Ltd)","period":"From December 2019","claim_ids":["c-ala-maclaurin"],"kind":"other","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → maclaurin: Founder and first director (of Alameda Ventures Ltd) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-maclaurin-gruhn","record":{"id":"r-maclaurin-gruhn","from":"maclaurin","to":"patrick-gruhn","status":"documented","role":"Buyer of DAAG shares under the second purchase agreement","period":"2 July 2021","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa1-spa2"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"maclaurin → patrick-gruhn: Buyer of DAAG shares under the second purchase agreement [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-maclaurin-ukaj","record":{"id":"r-maclaurin-ukaj","from":"maclaurin","to":"ernest-ukaj","status":"documented","role":"Agreed (as Alameda Ventures Ltd) to pay Crypto Lawyers, Ukaj and Lorem Ipsum $700,000 for 5% of DAAG","period":"25 October 2020","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa1-spa2"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"maclaurin → ernest-ukaj: Agreed (as Alameda Ventures Ltd) to pay Crypto Lawyers, Ukaj and Lorem Ipsum $700,000 for 5% of DAAG [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wrs-giles-suit","record":{"id":"r-wrs-giles-suit","from":"wrs","to":"michael-giles","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff (with Alameda Research Ltd and West Realm Shires Services) seeking to avoid the Embed acquisition transfers (Adv. No. 23-50380); actual-fraud counts dismissed on 23 October 2024","period":"From 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-embed"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"wrs → michael-giles: Plaintiff (with Alameda Research Ltd and West Realm Shires Services) seeking to avoid the Embed acquisition transfers (Adv. No. 23-50380); actual-fraud counts dismissed on 23 October 2024 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wrs-giles-payment","record":{"id":"r-wrs-giles-payment","from":"wrs","to":"michael-giles","status":"documented","role":"Paid the Embed sellers, Giles among them, at the closing of the acquisition ($236,764,105.34 plus retention bonuses)","period":"30 September 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-embed"],"kind":"pays","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"wrs → michael-giles: Paid the Embed sellers, Giles among them, at the closing of the acquisition ($236,764,105.34 plus retention bonuses) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sonkin-wrs","record":{"id":"r-sonkin-wrs","from":"mitchell-sonkin","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Independent director for the WRS Silo","period":"Appointed after the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"mitchell-sonkin → wrs: Independent director for the WRS Silo [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-gruhn","record":{"id":"r-modulus-gruhn","from":"modulus-global","to":"patrick-gruhn","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in a Defend Trade Secrets Act suit (No. 2:2024cv03195, D. Ariz.)","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → patrick-gruhn: Plaintiff in a Defend Trade Secrets Act suit (No. 2:2024cv03195, D. Ariz.) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-ukaj","record":{"id":"r-modulus-ukaj","from":"modulus-global","to":"ernest-ukaj","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → ernest-ukaj: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-wib","record":{"id":"r-modulus-wib","from":"modulus-global","to":"wib","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → wib: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-daag-usa","record":{"id":"r-modulus-daag-usa","from":"modulus-global","to":"daag-usa","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → daag-usa: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-matzke","record":{"id":"r-modulus-matzke","from":"modulus-global","to":"robin-matzke","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → robin-matzke: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-lorem-ipsum","record":{"id":"r-modulus-lorem-ipsum","from":"modulus-global","to":"lorem-ipsum","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → lorem-ipsum: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-williams","record":{"id":"r-modulus-williams","from":"modulus-global","to":"brandon-williams","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → brandon-williams: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-modulus-kephas","record":{"id":"r-modulus-kephas","from":"modulus-global","to":"kephas","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit","period":"From 14 November 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-modulus-suit"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"modulus-global → kephas: Plaintiff in the same Defend Trade Secrets Act suit [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-singh-wrs","record":{"id":"r-singh-wrs","from":"nishad-singh","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Holds 7.83% of the WRS Silo","period":"As charted in November 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"nishad-singh → wrs: Holds 7.83% of the WRS Silo [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-north-dimension","record":{"id":"r-sbf-north-dimension","from":"sbf","to":"north-dimension","status":"documented","role":"Signed and certified the bank's questionnaire for opening North Dimension accounts","period":"About 2021","claim_ids":["c-ala-north-dimension"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"sbf → north-dimension: Signed and certified the bank's questionnaire for opening North Dimension accounts [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-paper-bird","record":{"id":"r-sbf-paper-bird","from":"sbf","to":"paper-bird","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100% (1,000 shares)","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-str-paper-bird"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → paper-bird: Owns 100% (1,000 shares) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-pw-digital","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-pw-digital","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"pw-digital","status":"documented","role":"Owns 50% (with Williams)","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → pw-digital: Owns 50% (with Williams) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-williams-pw-digital","record":{"id":"r-williams-pw-digital","from":"brandon-williams","to":"pw-digital","status":"documented","role":"Owns 50% (with Gruhn)","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"brandon-williams → pw-digital: Owns 50% (with Gruhn) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-sheridan","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-sheridan","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"sheridan","status":"documented","role":"Owner (Gruhn's investment vehicle)","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → sheridan: Owner (Gruhn's investment vehicle) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gruhn-wib","record":{"id":"r-gruhn-wib","from":"patrick-gruhn","to":"wib","status":"documented","role":"Owns 90%","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"patrick-gruhn → wib: Owns 90% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-williams-daag-usa","record":{"id":"r-williams-daag-usa","from":"brandon-williams","to":"daag-usa","status":"documented","role":"Owns 27%","period":"Per the 2024 settlement annex","claim_ids":["c-eu-released-parties"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"brandon-williams → daag-usa: Owns 27% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-salame-wrs","record":{"id":"r-salame-wrs","from":"ryan-salame","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Shareholder: 5,520,000 Class A common shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-wrs-holders"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ryan-salame → wrs: Shareholder: 5,520,000 Class A common shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-trabucco-wrss","record":{"id":"r-trabucco-wrss","from":"sam-trabucco","to":"wrss","status":"documented","role":"Creditor (customer claim of $140,252.40 against FTX US) to be transferred under the settlement","period":"From 29 June 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-trabucco"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sam-trabucco → wrss: Creditor (customer claim of $140,252.40 against FTX US) to be transferred under the settlement [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sbf-wrs","record":{"id":"r-sbf-wrs","from":"sbf","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Owns about 53% (52.99% of the WRS Silo)","period":"As of November 2022","claim_ids":["c-str-sbf-stakes","c-inv-wrs-holders","c-str-silo-chart"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sbf → wrs: Owns about 53% (52.99% of the WRS Silo) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wrs-wrsfs","record":{"id":"r-wrs-wrsfs","from":"wrs","to":"wrsfs","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-wrs-chain"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"wrs → wrsfs: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wrs-wrss","record":{"id":"r-wrs-wrss","from":"wrs","to":"wrss","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"As of the petition date (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-wrs-chain"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"wrs → wrss: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fjh-bitflyer-sale","record":{"id":"r-fjh-bitflyer-sale","from":"ftx-japan-holdings","to":"bitflyer-holdings","status":"documented","role":"Sold 100% of FTX Japan K.K. to bitFlyer Holdings (agreement 19 June 2024; court approval 16 July 2024; completion 26 July 2024)","period":"June-July 2024","claim_ids":["c-jp-sale"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"ftx-japan-holdings → bitflyer-holdings: Sold 100% of FTX Japan K.K. to bitFlyer Holdings (agreement 19 June 2024; court approval 16 July 2024; completion 26 July 2024) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-melamed-quoine-pte","record":{"id":"r-melamed-quoine-pte","from":"seth-melamed","to":"quoine-pte","status":"documented","role":"Director (of FTX Singapore)","period":"From 26 August 2022","claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-roles"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"seth-melamed → quoine-pte: Director (of FTX Singapore) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-takahashi-fjh","record":{"id":"r-takahashi-fjh","from":"koya-takahashi","to":"ftx-japan-holdings","status":"documented","role":"Director","period":"From September 2022","claim_ids":["c-jp-management-change"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"koya-takahashi → ftx-japan-holdings: Director [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-binance-ch-ftx-europe","record":{"id":"r-binance-ch-ftx-europe","from":"binance-switzerland","to":"ftx-europe","status":"documented","role":"Party to the restructuring agreements settling claims with FTX Europe and the debtors","period":"Approved 19 April 2024","claim_ids":["c-eu-restructuring"],"kind":"business","direction":"directed","role_group":"business","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"binance-switzerland → ftx-europe: Party to the restructuring agreements settling claims with FTX Europe and the debtors [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-aza-btc-africa","record":{"id":"r-aza-btc-africa","from":"aza-finance","to":"btc-africa","status":"reported","role":"Says BTC Africa is one of its entities and is not owned or controlled by FTX","period":"Statement of November 2022","claim_ids":["c-sub-btc-africa"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"aza-finance → btc-africa: Says BTC Africa is one of its entities and is not owned or controlled by FTX [reported]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-rossiello-aza","record":{"id":"r-rossiello-aza","from":"elizabeth-rossiello","to":"aza-finance","status":"documented","role":"Chief executive","period":"November 2022","claim_ids":["c-sub-btc-africa"],"kind":"employs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"elizabeth-rossiello → aza-finance: Chief executive [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liebi-structured-products","record":{"id":"r-liebi-structured-products","from":"martin-liebi","to":"ftx-structured-products","status":"documented","role":"Board member","period":"Until 21 April 2023","claim_ids":["c-eu-structured-products"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"martin-liebi → ftx-structured-products: Board member [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-langdon-ftx-express","record":{"id":"r-langdon-ftx-express","from":"scott-langdon","to":"ftx-express","status":"documented","role":"Joint voluntary administrator","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"scott-langdon → ftx-express: Joint voluntary administrator [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-mouawad-ftx-express","record":{"id":"r-mouawad-ftx-express","from":"john-mouawad","to":"ftx-express","status":"documented","role":"Joint voluntary administrator","period":"From 11 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-ch11-foreign-proceedings"],"kind":"directs","direction":"directed","role_group":"people","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"john-mouawad → ftx-express: Joint voluntary administrator [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-melamed-recovery-trust","record":{"id":"r-melamed-recovery-trust","from":"seth-melamed","to":"ftx-recovery-trust","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff in adversary proceeding No. 26-50377","period":"Listed in 2026","claim_ids":["c-jp-melamed-appeal","c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"seth-melamed → ftx-recovery-trust: Plaintiff in adversary proceeding No. 26-50377 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-salame-suit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-salame-suit","from":"ftx-trading","to":"ryan-salame","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff (with other debtors) in adversary proceeding No. 24-50186; the FTX Recovery Trust later sued Salame and others (No. 25-52195)","period":"From 2024","claim_ids":["c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-trading → ryan-salame: Plaintiff (with other debtors) in adversary proceeding No. 24-50186; the FTX Recovery Trust later sued Salame and others (No. 25-52195) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-sbf-suits","record":{"id":"r-alameda-sbf-suits","from":"alameda-ltd","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff (with other debtors) in adversary proceedings Nos. 23-50381 and 23-50448 against Bankman-Fried and others","period":"From 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-ltd → sbf: Plaintiff (with other debtors) in adversary proceedings Nos. 23-50381 and 23-50448 against Bankman-Fried and others [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-friedberg-suit","record":{"id":"r-alameda-friedberg-suit","from":"alameda-llc","to":"daniel-friedberg","status":"documented","role":"Plaintiff (with other debtors) in adversary proceeding No. 23-50419","period":"From 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"alameda-llc → daniel-friedberg: Plaintiff (with other debtors) in adversary proceeding No. 23-50419 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-alameda-fdm-suit","record":{"id":"r-alameda-fdm-suit","from":"alameda-llc","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Lead plaintiff, with the other debtors, against FTX Digital Markets and its liquidators (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145); resolved by the global settlement","period":"March 2023 to 2024","claim_ids":["c-fdm-dispute","c-ch11-adversary-catalog"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"alameda-llc → fdm: Lead plaintiff, with the other debtors, against FTX Digital Markets and its liquidators (Adv. Pro. No. 23-50145); resolved by the global settlement [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-sbf","record":{"id":"r-doj-sbf","from":"doj","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Prosecuted in S.D.N.Y. No. 22-cr-673: convicted on seven counts and sentenced on 28 March 2024 to 25 years in prison and over $11 billion in forfeiture; conviction affirmed (mandate 4 August 2026)","period":"From December 2022","claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf","c-crim-sbf-appeal"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"doj → sbf: Prosecuted in S.D.N.Y. No. 22-cr-673: convicted on seven counts and sentenced on 28 March 2024 to 25 years in prison and over $11 billion in forfeiture; conviction affirmed (mandate 4 August 2026) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-ellison","record":{"id":"r-doj-ellison","from":"doj","to":"caroline-ellison","status":"documented","role":"Prosecuted: pleaded guilty to seven counts on 19 December 2022 and cooperated; sentenced on 24 September 2024 to 24 months in prison","period":"December 2022 to 2025","claim_ids":["c-crim-ellison"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"doj → caroline-ellison: Prosecuted: pleaded guilty to seven counts on 19 December 2022 and cooperated; sentenced on 24 September 2024 to 24 months in prison [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-wang","record":{"id":"r-doj-wang","from":"doj","to":"gary-wang","status":"documented","role":"Prosecuted: pleaded guilty to four counts on 19 December 2022 and cooperated; sentenced on 20 November 2024 to time served","period":"December 2022 to November 2024","claim_ids":["c-crim-wang"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"doj → gary-wang: Prosecuted: pleaded guilty to four counts on 19 December 2022 and cooperated; sentenced on 20 November 2024 to time served [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-singh","record":{"id":"r-doj-singh","from":"doj","to":"nishad-singh","status":"documented","role":"Prosecuted: pleaded guilty on 28 February 2023 and agreed to forfeit assets; sentenced on 30 October 2024 to time served","period":"February 2023 to April 2025","claim_ids":["c-crim-singh"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"doj → nishad-singh: Prosecuted: pleaded guilty on 28 February 2023 and agreed to forfeit assets; sentenced on 30 October 2024 to time served [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-salame","record":{"id":"r-doj-salame","from":"doj","to":"ryan-salame","status":"documented","role":"Prosecuted: pleaded guilty to conspiracies concerning unlawful political contributions and unlicensed money transmission; sentenced on 28 May 2024 to 90 months in prison","period":"From 2023","claim_ids":["c-crim-salame","c-crim-salame-later"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"doj → ryan-salame: Prosecuted: pleaded guilty to conspiracies concerning unlawful political contributions and unlicensed money transmission; sentenced on 28 May 2024 to 90 months in prison [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-emergent","record":{"id":"r-doj-emergent","from":"doj","to":"emergent","status":"documented","role":"Seized Emergent's assets (about 55 million Robinhood shares and $20.7 million in cash) in connection with Bankman-Fried's prosecution; holds the proceeds","period":"From about 6 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-ch11-emergent-proceedings"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"doj → emergent: Seized Emergent's assets (about 55 million Robinhood shares and $20.7 million in cash) in connection with Bankman-Fried's prosecution; holds the proceeds [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cftc-ftx","record":{"id":"r-cftc-ftx","from":"cftc","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Defendant in CFTC v. Bankman-Fried et al.; consent order of 7 August 2024 finding fraud under the Commodity Exchange Act, with $8.7 billion restitution and $4 billion disgorgement (joint and several)","period":"December 2022 to August 2024","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-cftc-2022","c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-ala-cftc-collapse"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"cftc → ftx-trading: Defendant in CFTC v. Bankman-Fried et al.; consent order of 7 August 2024 finding fraud under the Commodity Exchange Act, with $8.7 billion restitution and $4 billion disgorgement (joint and several) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cftc-alameda","record":{"id":"r-cftc-alameda","from":"cftc","to":"alameda-llc","status":"documented","role":"Defendant in CFTC v. Bankman-Fried et al.; same consent order of 7 August 2024 (joint and several restitution and disgorgement)","period":"December 2022 to August 2024","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx","c-ala-privileges-cftc","c-ala-cftc-2022","c-cust-cftc-misrep","c-ala-cftc-collapse"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"cftc → alameda-llc: Defendant in CFTC v. Bankman-Fried et al.; same consent order of 7 August 2024 (joint and several restitution and disgorgement) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cftc-sbf","record":{"id":"r-cftc-sbf","from":"cftc","to":"sbf","status":"documented","role":"Defendant in the CFTC's amended complaint of 21 December 2022","period":"From December 2022","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-complaint"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"cftc → sbf: Defendant in the CFTC's amended complaint of 21 December 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cftc-ellison","record":{"id":"r-cftc-ellison","from":"cftc","to":"caroline-ellison","status":"documented","role":"Defendant in the CFTC's amended complaint of 21 December 2022","period":"From December 2022","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-complaint"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"cftc → caroline-ellison: Defendant in the CFTC's amended complaint of 21 December 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cftc-wang","record":{"id":"r-cftc-wang","from":"cftc","to":"gary-wang","status":"documented","role":"Defendant; consent order on liability of 23 December 2022 and supplemental consent order of August 2026 imposing a five-year trading ban without monetary sanctions","period":"December 2022 to August 2026","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-complaint","c-reg-cftc-wang"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"cftc → gary-wang: Defendant; consent order on liability of 23 December 2022 and supplemental consent order of August 2026 imposing a five-year trading ban without monetary sanctions [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cftc-singh","record":{"id":"r-cftc-singh","from":"cftc","to":"nishad-singh","status":"documented","role":"Charged with fraud by misappropriation and aiding and abetting fraud; announced he would concede liability in a proposed consent order","period":"From 28 February 2023","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-singh","c-crim-singh"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"cftc → nishad-singh: Charged with fraud by misappropriation and aiding and abetting fraud; announced he would concede liability in a proposed consent order [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sec-ellison","record":{"id":"r-sec-ellison","from":"sec","to":"caroline-ellison","status":"documented","role":"Civil action No. 1:22-cv-10794; proposed final consent judgment (December 2025) with an antifraud injunction and a ten-year officer-and-director bar","period":"December 2022 to December 2025","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-inv-rounds-sec"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sec → caroline-ellison: Civil action No. 1:22-cv-10794; proposed final consent judgment (December 2025) with an antifraud injunction and a ten-year officer-and-director bar [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sec-wang","record":{"id":"r-sec-wang","from":"sec","to":"gary-wang","status":"documented","role":"Civil action No. 1:22-cv-10794; proposed final consent judgment (December 2025) with an antifraud injunction and an eight-year officer-and-director bar","period":"December 2022 to December 2025","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments","c-inv-rounds-sec"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sec → gary-wang: Civil action No. 1:22-cv-10794; proposed final consent judgment (December 2025) with an antifraud injunction and an eight-year officer-and-director bar [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-sec-singh","record":{"id":"r-sec-singh","from":"sec","to":"nishad-singh","status":"documented","role":"Civil action No. 1:23-cv-01691; proposed final consent judgment (December 2025) with an antifraud injunction and an eight-year officer-and-director bar","period":"February 2023 to December 2025","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-sec-judgments"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"sec → nishad-singh: Civil action No. 1:23-cv-01691; proposed final consent judgment (December 2025) with an antifraud injunction and an eight-year officer-and-director bar [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-wa-dfi-wrss","record":{"id":"r-wa-dfi-wrss","from":"wa-dfi","to":"wrss","status":"documented","role":"Temporary order to cease and desist under the Uniform Money Services Act (No. C-22-3487-22-TD01)","period":"From 22 November 2022","claim_ids":["c-reg-wa-dfi"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"wa-dfi → wrss: Temporary order to cease and desist under the Uniform Money Services Act (No. C-22-3487-22-TD01) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-scb-fdm","record":{"id":"r-scb-fdm","from":"scb","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Licensed and registered FTX Digital Markets as a digital asset business (10 September 2021); froze its assets on 10 November 2022","period":"From September 2021","claim_ids":["c-fdm-incorporation","c-fdm-provisional-liquidation"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"scb → fdm: Licensed and registered FTX Digital Markets as a digital asset business (10 September 2021); froze its assets on 10 November 2022 [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-finma-fdm","record":{"id":"r-finma-fdm","from":"finma","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Recognised the Bahamian winding-up order with effect for Switzerland, allowing recovery of funds at Klarpay","period":"19 June 2024","claim_ids":["c-fdm-official-liquidation"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"finma → fdm: Recognised the Bahamian winding-up order with effect for Switzerland, allowing recovery of funds at Klarpay [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-cysec-ftx-eu","record":{"id":"r-cysec-ftx-eu","from":"cysec","to":"ftx-eu","status":"documented","role":"Suspended its investment-firm authorisation from 11 November 2022, extended the suspension in October 2024 and lifted it on 23 June 2025; lists the firm as Trek Labs Europe Ltd","period":"November 2022 to June 2025","claim_ids":["c-eu-cysec-suspension","c-eu-trek-labs-europe"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"cysec → ftx-eu: Suspended its investment-firm authorisation from 11 November 2022, extended the suspension in October 2024 and lifted it on 23 June 2025; lists the firm as Trek Labs Europe Ltd [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-gfsc-zubr","record":{"id":"r-gfsc-zubr","from":"gfsc","to":"zubr","status":"documented","role":"Cancelled ZUBR Exchange's Part 7 permission","period":"29 December 2022","claim_ids":["c-sub-zubr-gfsc"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"gfsc → zubr: Cancelled ZUBR Exchange's Part 7 permission [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-fjh-liquid-usa","record":{"id":"r-fjh-liquid-usa","from":"ftx-japan-holdings","to":"liquid-financial-usa","status":"documented","role":"Owns about 50% (the rest held by third-party investors)","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-japan-holdings → liquid-financial-usa: Owns about 50% (the rest held by third-party investors) [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-liquid-usa-liquidex","record":{"id":"r-liquid-usa-liquidex","from":"liquid-financial-usa","to":"liquidex","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"liquid-financial-usa → liquidex: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-japan-quoine-india","record":{"id":"r-ftx-japan-quoine-india","from":"ftx-japan","to":"quoine-india","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-japan → quoine-india: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-japan-quoine-vietnam","record":{"id":"r-ftx-japan-quoine-vietnam","from":"ftx-japan","to":"quoine-vietnam","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-japan-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-japan → quoine-vietnam: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-fze","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-fze","from":"ftx-europe","to":"ftx-exchange-fze","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → ftx-exchange-fze: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-altalix","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-altalix","from":"ftx-europe","to":"altalix","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → altalix: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-europe-tigetwit","record":{"id":"r-ftx-europe-tigetwit","from":"ftx-europe","to":"tigetwit","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-europe-tier"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-europe → tigetwit: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-ftx-canada-bitvo","record":{"id":"r-ftx-canada-bitvo","from":"ftx-canada","to":"bitvo","status":"documented","role":"Owns 100%","period":"Petition-date statement (November 2022)","claim_ids":["c-str-other-tier","c-sub-canada"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"ftx-canada → bitvo: Owns 100% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-skybridge-fund-ftx","record":{"id":"r-skybridge-fund-ftx","from":"skybridge-fund","to":"ftx-trading","status":"documented","role":"Holder of 244,196 common and 61,049 Series B-1 preferred shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-skybridge-fund"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"skybridge-fund → ftx-trading: Holder of 244,196 common and 61,049 Series B-1 preferred shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-skybridge-fund-wrs","record":{"id":"r-skybridge-fund-wrs","from":"skybridge-fund","to":"wrs","status":"documented","role":"Holder of 1,310,000 Class A common shares","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-inv-skybridge-fund"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"skybridge-fund → wrs: Holder of 1,310,000 Class A common shares [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-singh-clifton","record":{"id":"r-singh-clifton","from":"nishad-singh","to":"clifton-bay","status":"documented","role":"Owns 10%","period":"As listed on 9 January 2023","claim_ids":["c-str-holder-lists"],"kind":"owns","direction":"directed","role_group":"ownership","temporal_status":"unknown"},"reading":"nishad-singh → clifton-bay: Owns 10% [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"relationships","id":"r-doj-fdm","record":{"id":"r-doj-fdm","from":"doj","to":"fdm","status":"documented","role":"Seized the whole $143.2 million held in bank accounts in FTX Digital Markets' name in the United States","period":"28-30 December 2022","claim_ids":["c-fdm-doj-seizure"],"kind":"legal","direction":"directed","role_group":"legal","temporal_status":"historical"},"reading":"doj → fdm: Seized the whole $143.2 million held in bank accounts in FTX Digital Markets' name in the United States [documented]"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2017-alameda","record":{"id":"e-2017-alameda","date":"2017-11","title":"Sam Bankman-Fried founds Alameda Research","claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-profile"]},"reading":"2017-11 Sam Bankman-Fried founds Alameda Research"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2019-dotcom","record":{"id":"e-2019-dotcom","date":"2019-04","title":"Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh found the Dotcom Silo","claim_ids":["c-str-founding"]},"reading":"2019-04 Bankman-Fried, Gary Wang and Nishad Singh found the Dotcom Silo"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-fdm","record":{"id":"e-2021-fdm","date":"2021-07-22","title":"FTX Digital Markets Ltd. is incorporated in the Bahamas","claim_ids":["c-fdm-incorporation"]},"reading":"2021-07-22 FTX Digital Markets Ltd. is incorporated in the Bahamas"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-fdm-licence","record":{"id":"e-2021-fdm-licence","date":"2021-09-10","title":"The Securities Commission of the Bahamas registers FTX Digital Markets as a digital asset business","claim_ids":["c-fdm-incorporation"]},"reading":"2021-09-10 The Securities Commission of the Bahamas registers FTX Digital Markets as a digital asset business"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2021-daag","record":{"id":"e-2021-daag","date":"2021-11-14","title":"FTX Trading Ltd. agrees to buy the remaining shares of Digital Assets DA AG, later FTX Europe AG","claim_ids":["c-eu-spa3","c-eu-daag-acquisition"]},"reading":"2021-11-14 FTX Trading Ltd. agrees to buy the remaining shares of Digital Assets DA AG, later FTX Europe AG"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-liquid","record":{"id":"e-2022-liquid","date":"2022-04-04","title":"FTX's purchase of the Liquid group, later FTX Japan Holdings, is completed, according to a seller's filing","claim_ids":["c-jp-liquid-acquisition","c-jp-liquid-group"]},"reading":"2022-04-04 FTX's purchase of the Liquid group, later FTX Japan Holdings, is completed, according to a seller's filing"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-withdrawals","record":{"id":"e-2022-withdrawals","date":"2022-11-07","title":"FTX can no longer meet customer withdrawals, according to the CFTC consent order","claim_ids":["c-ala-cftc-collapse"]},"reading":"2022-11-07 FTX can no longer meet customer withdrawals, according to the CFTC consent order"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-fdm-freeze","record":{"id":"e-2022-fdm-freeze","date":"2022-11-10","title":"The Bahamian regulator freezes FTX Digital Markets' assets and a provisional liquidator is appointed","claim_ids":["c-fdm-provisional-liquidation"]},"reading":"2022-11-10 The Bahamian regulator freezes FTX Digital Markets' assets and a provisional liquidator is appointed"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-japan-orders","record":{"id":"e-2022-japan-orders","date":"2022-11-10","title":"Japan's Kanto Local Finance Bureau orders FTX Japan K.K. to suspend business","claim_ids":["c-jp-fsa-2022"]},"reading":"2022-11-10 Japan's Kanto Local Finance Bureau orders FTX Japan K.K. to suspend business"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-omnibus","record":{"id":"e-2022-omnibus","date":"2022-11-10","title":"Bankman-Fried signs the authority to appoint John J. Ray III chief executive","claim_ids":["c-gov-omnibus"]},"reading":"2022-11-10 Bankman-Fried signs the authority to appoint John J. Ray III chief executive"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-chapter-11","record":{"id":"e-2022-chapter-11","date":"2022-11-11","title":"FTX Trading Ltd. and affiliated debtors file Chapter 11 petitions in Delaware","claim_ids":["c-ch11-filing"]},"reading":"2022-11-11 FTX Trading Ltd. and affiliated debtors file Chapter 11 petitions in Delaware"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-cysec","record":{"id":"e-2022-cysec","date":"2022-11-11","title":"CySEC's suspension of FTX EU Ltd's authorisation takes effect","claim_ids":["c-eu-cysec-suspension"]},"reading":"2022-11-11 CySEC's suspension of FTX EU Ltd's authorisation takes effect"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-masak","record":{"id":"e-2022-masak","date":"2022-11-14","title":"Turkey's MASAK opens an examination of persons connected with FTX.com","claim_ids":["c-crim-masak"]},"reading":"2022-11-14 Turkey's MASAK opens an examination of persons connected with FTX.com"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-pleas","record":{"id":"e-2022-pleas","date":"2022-12-19","title":"Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang plead guilty","claim_ids":["c-crim-ellison","c-crim-wang"]},"reading":"2022-12-19 Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang plead guilty"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-civil-suits","record":{"id":"e-2022-civil-suits","date":"2022-12-21","title":"The SEC sues Ellison and Wang; the CFTC amends its complaint against Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda","claim_ids":["c-reg-sec-complaint","c-reg-cftc-complaint"]},"reading":"2022-12-21 The SEC sues Ellison and Wang; the CFTC amends its complaint against Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2022-extradition","record":{"id":"e-2022-extradition","date":"2022-12-21","title":"Bankman-Fried is extradited from the Bahamas to the United States","claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf"]},"reading":"2022-12-21 Bankman-Fried is extradited from the Bahamas to the United States"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2023-singh","record":{"id":"e-2023-singh","date":"2023-02-28","title":"Nishad Singh pleads guilty and is sued by the SEC","claim_ids":["c-crim-singh","c-reg-sec-complaint"]},"reading":"2023-02-28 Nishad Singh pleads guilty and is sued by the SEC"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2023-europe-moratorium","record":{"id":"e-2023-europe-moratorium","date":"2023-04-11","title":"A Swiss court grants FTX Europe AG a provisional moratorium","claim_ids":["c-eu-moratorium"]},"reading":"2023-04-11 A Swiss court grants FTX Europe AG a provisional moratorium"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2023-fdm-official","record":{"id":"e-2023-fdm-official","date":"2023-11-10","title":"FTX Digital Markets is placed into official liquidation in the Bahamas","claim_ids":["c-fdm-official-liquidation"]},"reading":"2023-11-10 FTX Digital Markets is placed into official liquidation in the Bahamas"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2023-global-settlement","record":{"id":"e-2023-global-settlement","date":"2023-12-19","title":"The debtors and FTX Digital Markets' liquidators announce a global settlement","claim_ids":["c-fdm-global-settlement"]},"reading":"2023-12-19 The debtors and FTX Digital Markets' liquidators announce a global settlement"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2024-sentence","record":{"id":"e-2024-sentence","date":"2024-03-28","title":"Bankman-Fried is sentenced to 25 years in prison","claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf"]},"reading":"2024-03-28 Bankman-Fried is sentenced to 25 years in prison"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2024-cftc-consent","record":{"id":"e-2024-cftc-consent","date":"2024-08-07","title":"Consent order against FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC: $8.7 billion restitution and $4 billion disgorgement","claim_ids":["c-reg-cftc-consent-ftx"]},"reading":"2024-08-07 Consent order against FTX Trading Ltd. and Alameda Research LLC: $8.7 billion restitution and $4 billion disgorgement"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2024-plan","record":{"id":"e-2024-plan","date":"2024-10","title":"The Bankruptcy Court confirms the debtors' Chapter 11 plan","claim_ids":["c-ch11-plan"]},"reading":"2024-10 The Bankruptcy Court confirms the debtors' Chapter 11 plan"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2024-europe-dissolution","record":{"id":"e-2024-europe-dissolution","date":"2024-10-31","title":"FTX Europe AG's general meeting resolves to dissolve the company","claim_ids":["c-eu-liquidation"]},"reading":"2024-10-31 FTX Europe AG's general meeting resolves to dissolve the company"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2025-effective","record":{"id":"e-2025-effective","date":"2025-01-03","title":"The plan becomes effective and the FTX Recovery Trust is established","claim_ids":["c-ch11-final-decree","c-ch11-plan"]},"reading":"2025-01-03 The plan becomes effective and the FTX Recovery Trust is established"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-strike-notice","record":{"id":"e-2026-strike-notice","date":"2026-05-14","title":"Antigua and Barbuda's regulator gives notice of intent to strike FTX Trading Ltd. from the register","claim_ids":["c-id-ibc-strike-notice"]},"reading":"2026-05-14 Antigua and Barbuda's regulator gives notice of intent to strike FTX Trading Ltd. from the register"}
{"case_id":"ftx-trading-ltd","version":"1.0","as_of":"2026-10-21","record_type":"events","id":"e-2026-mandate","record":{"id":"e-2026-mandate","date":"2026-08-04","title":"The Court of Appeals issues its mandate affirming Bankman-Fried's judgment","claim_ids":["c-crim-sbf-appeal"]},"reading":"2026-08-04 The Court of Appeals issues its mandate affirming Bankman-Fried's judgment"}