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Sackler", "type": "person", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "leadership", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-trustees", "c-own-beneficiaries", "c-own-doj-addendum-a", "c-own-ny-complaint", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-own-rosebay-gp-2010", "c-own-rosebay-gp-2017", "c-own-exhx-bside-family", "c-own-m3c", "c-hist-raymond-family", "c-board-lp-no-directors", "c-board-house-memo", "c-board-rsackler-director", "c-board-rsackler-officer", "c-board-rsackler-ri", "c-board-david-director", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-exec-gasdia", "c-fam-side-b", "c-fam-marianna", "c-fam-mnp-mnc", "c-fam-mdl-evidence", "c-fam-doj-board-role", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-richard-career", "c-fam-ny-nonprofits-side-b", "c-fam-2007-email-counsel", "c-fam-2cir-anticipation", "c-fam-mda-2008-email", "c-fam-richard-2014-email", "c-fam-ma-complaint", "c-fam-2007-prosecution-press", "c-iac-doj-release", "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family", "c-iac-rosebay-foreign", "c-dist-court-solvency", "c-dist-court-11bn", "c-dist-doj-addendum", "c-dist-celldex-kolltan", "c-bus-rs-declaration-investments", "c-plea07-ny-complaint", "c-plea07-ct-directors", "c-plea07-press-roles", "c-lit-family-named", "c-lit-49-states", "c-lit-rs-approved-settlements", "c-lit-massachusetts", "c-lit-utah", "c-lit-new-york", "c-lit-new-york-defendants", "c-lit-connecticut", "c-lit-rhode-island", "c-lit-illinois", "c-lit-west-virginia", "c-lit-colorado", "c-lit-arizona", "c-lit-settle-kentucky", "c-lit-kentucky-deposition", "c-cons-addendum-contract", "c-cons-addendum-board-meeting", "c-cons-addendum-distribution-model", "c-plea20-sackler-settlement", "c-plea20-sackler-allegations", "c-plea20-sackler-settlement-scope", "c-rel-related-parties", "c-plan25-payment-groups-b", "c-plan25-press-2026", "c-enf-wyoming-litigation", "c-enf-confirmation-undertakings", "c-enf-annex-g-pledge", "c-enf-annex-g-conditions", "c-enf-annex-g-related-parties", "c-enf-interference-actions", "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling", "c-enf-signing-blog", "c-enf-press-report", "c-enf-rss-motion" ], "badges": [ { "label": "Named personally as a defendant in state opioid suits from 2019; claims stayed in the bankruptcy and settled under the 2025 plan for participating claimants", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-family-named", "c-lit-49-states", "c-lit-massachusetts", "c-lit-utah", "c-lit-new-york-defendants", "c-lit-connecticut", "c-lit-rhode-island", "c-lit-illinois", "c-lit-west-virginia", "c-lit-colorado", "c-lit-arizona", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-ma-complaint", "c-exec-gasdia", "c-own-ny-complaint", "c-plea07-ny-complaint" ], "category": "CIVIL_LITIGATION", "code": "A14", "subject_id": "richard-sackler" }, { "label": "Party to the October 2020 civil settlement with the United States ($225 million), without admission of liability", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea20-sackler-settlement", "c-plea20-sackler-allegations" ], "category": "CIVIL_LITIGATION", "code": "A23", "subject_id": "richard-sackler" }, { "label": "Found by the Bankruptcy Court in 2026 to have breached the 2025 settlement and confirmation order", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-interference-actions", "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "category": "CIVIL_LITIGATION", "code": "A28", "subject_id": "richard-sackler" } ], "subtype": "person" }, { "id": "jonathan-sackler", "name": "Jonathan D. 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"c-rel-scotus-indemnity-dispute", "c-rel-dissent-plan", "c-rel-dissent-indemnity", "c-rel-dissent-findings", "c-rel-maryland-holding", "c-rel-related-parties", "c-rel-2024-mediation", "c-rel-maryland-sacklers", "c-rel-maryland-warning", "c-plan25-shareholder-settlement", "c-plan25-funding", "c-plan25-initial-side-b-collateral", "c-plan25-releases", "c-plan25-optin-mechanics", "c-plan25-no-criminal-release", "c-plan25-settlement-rationale", "c-plan25-family-witnesses", "c-plan25-effective", "c-plan25-nyag-payments", "c-plan25-delaware-ag", "c-plan25-nine-trusts", "c-plan25-counsel-summary", "c-plan25-payment-groups-a", "c-plan25-payment-groups-b", "c-plan25-group8", "c-plan25-naming", "c-plan25-release-parties-a", "c-plan25-iiway-entities", "c-plan25-service-providers", "c-plan25-press-2026", "c-plan25-press-2025", "c-enf-side-b-motion" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "other" }, { "id": "banela", "name": "Banela Corporation", "type": "organization", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "group_companies", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-ppi-shareholders", "c-own-millborne-banela", "c-own-parent-entities", "c-own-banela-rogatory", "c-own-banela-conduit", "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory", "c-lit-ny-asset-search" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "company", "jurisdiction": "vg" }, { "id": "linarite", "name": "Linarite Holdings LLC", "type": "organization", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "group_companies", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-ppi-shareholders", "c-own-data-linarite", "c-own-parent-entities", "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "company" }, { "id": "perthlite", "name": "Perthlite Holdings LLC", "type": "organization", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "group_companies", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-ppi-shareholders", "c-own-cornice-perthlite", "c-own-parent-entities", "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "company" }, { "id": "millborne-trust", "name": "Millborne Trust Company Limited", "type": "organization", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "group_companies", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-millborne-banela", "c-own-parent-entities", "c-own-exhx-aside-fiduciaries", "c-iac-database-merganser", "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "company" }, { "id": "data-llc", "name": "Data LLC", "type": "organization", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "group_companies", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-data-linarite", "c-own-parent-entities", "c-own-exhx-fiduciary-companies", "c-enf-interference-actions", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "company", "jurisdiction": "us" }, { "id": "cornice-fiduciary", "name": "Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC", "type": "organization", "role": "", "period": "", "group": "group_companies", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-perthlite", "c-own-parent-entities", "c-own-exhx-fiduciary-companies", "c-own-cornice-succession", "c-own-kokino" ], "badges": [], "subtype": "company", "jurisdiction": "us" }, { "id": "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "name": "Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc.", "type": "organization", "role": "", 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Sackler M.D., Theresa E. Sackler and certain charitable objects\") of the 1993 Settlement that owns", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-heatheridge-beacon" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--rosebay-medical-lp--trustee", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "rosebay-medical-lp", "role": "Co-trustee, with Jonathan D. Sackler, under a Trust Agreement of 5 November 1974 owning 98% of", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-trustees" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--rosebay-medical-lp--trustee", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "rosebay-medical-lp", "role": "Co-trustee, with Richard S. Sackler, under a Trust Agreement of 5 November 1974 owning 98% of", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-trustees" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rosebay-medical-inc--rosebay-medical-lp--gp", "from": "rosebay-medical-inc", "to": "rosebay-medical-lp", "role": "General partner of (its board holds the power to vote and dispose of the partnership's securities)", "period": "As of May 2010 and February 2017 (SEC prospectuses)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-gp-2010", "c-own-rosebay-gp-2017", "c-own-ny-complaint", "c-own-exhx-chain", "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--rosebay-medical-inc--director", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "rosebay-medical-inc", "role": "Director of the general partner of Rosebay Medical Company L.P., with voting and investment control over its securities", "period": "As of May 2010 and February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-gp-2010", "c-own-rosebay-gp-2017", "c-own-ny-complaint", "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--rosebay-medical-inc--director", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "rosebay-medical-inc", "role": "Director of the general partner of Rosebay Medical Company L.P., with voting and investment control over its securities", "period": "As of May 2010 and February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-gp-2010", "c-own-rosebay-gp-2017", "c-own-ny-complaint", "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stephen-ives--rosebay-medical-inc--officer", "from": "stephen-ives", "to": "rosebay-medical-inc", "role": "Director and/or officer, sharing voting and investment control over Rosebay Medical Company L.P.'s securities", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-rosebay-gp-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-banela--purdue-pharma-inc--owns", "from": "banela", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Owns 50% of the ownership interests of (all Class A shares, per the New York letter rogatory)", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-ppi-shareholders", "c-own-banela-rogatory" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-linarite--purdue-pharma-inc--owns", "from": "linarite", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Owns 25% of the ownership interests of", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-ppi-shareholders" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-perthlite--purdue-pharma-inc--owns", "from": "perthlite", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Owns 25% of the ownership interests of", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-ppi-shareholders" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-millborne-trust--banela--trustee", "from": "millborne-trust", "to": "banela", "role": "Owns 100% of the ownership interests of, as trustee of the Hercules Trust (Declaration of Trust of 2 March 1999)", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-millborne-banela" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--banela--beneficiary", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "banela", "role": "Beneficiary of the Hercules Trust, which (through its trustee Millborne) owns 100% of", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-millborne-banela" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-data-llc--linarite--trustee", "from": "data-llc", "to": "linarite", "role": "Owns 100% of the ownership interests of, as trustee under a Trust Agreement of 23 December 1989", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-data-linarite" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-cornice-fiduciary--perthlite--trustee", "from": "cornice-fiduciary", "to": "perthlite", "role": "Owns 100% of the ownership interests of, as trustee under a Trust Agreement of 23 December 1989", "period": "As of the 15 September 2019 petitions", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-perthlite" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-banela--br-holdings-inc--owns", "from": "banela", "to": "br-holdings-inc", "role": "Partial owner of (as described in the New York letter rogatory; share not stated)", "period": "As alleged in September 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-banela-rogatory" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-banela--plp-associates-inc--owns", "from": "banela", "to": "plp-associates-inc", "role": "Partial owner of (as described in the New York letter rogatory; share not stated)", "period": "As alleged in September 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-banela-rogatory" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-sackler-family--banela--beneficiary", "from": "mortimer-sackler-family", "to": "banela", "role": "Family for whose benefit Banela holds all Class A shares of Purdue Pharma Inc. (per the New York letter rogatory)", "period": "As alleged in September 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-banela-rogatory" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-sackler-family--beacon-company--beneficiary", "from": "mortimer-sackler-family", "to": "beacon-company", "role": "Side A family; Beacon, its partnership in the chain, is owned by trusts established for the benefit of the Sackler families", "period": "As found by the District Court in December 2021", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-court-chain", "c-own-sides-second-circuit" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--rosebay-medical-lp--beneficiary", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "rosebay-medical-lp", "role": "Side B family; Rosebay, its partnership in the chain, is owned by trusts established for the benefit of the Sackler families (an RRS Family I-way entity in Exhibit X)", "period": "As found by the District Court in December 2021", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-court-chain", "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--rosebay-medical-inc--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "rosebay-medical-inc", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity in the Purdue Pharma L.P. ownership chain)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--linarite--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "linarite", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity in the Purdue Pharma L.P. ownership chain)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--perthlite--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "perthlite", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity in the Purdue Pharma L.P. ownership chain)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--moonstone-holdings--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "moonstone-holdings", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity in the Purdue Pharma L.P. ownership chain)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--roselite-holdings--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "roselite-holdings", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity in the Purdue Pharma L.P. ownership chain)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-chain" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--data-llc--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "data-llc", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-fiduciary-companies" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--cornice-fiduciary--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "cornice-fiduciary", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-fiduciary-companies" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--cedar-cliff-fiduciary--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-fiduciary-companies" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--north-bay-associates--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "north-bay-associates", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-north-bay" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--kokino--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "kokino", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-kokino" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler-family--m3c-holdings--owns", "from": "raymond-sackler-family", "to": "m3c-holdings", "role": "Owns, directly or indirectly through family persons or trusts (RRS Family I-way entity)", "period": "As classified in Exhibit X (Doc 9132, filed on the 1 May 2026 effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-m3c" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-beverly-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "beverly-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Beneficiary of Trust U/A 11/5/74 (the \"74A Trust\", trustee Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc. in 2020), an RRS Family trust indirectly owning", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020; Exhibit X lists her estate", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-exhx-rrs-trusts", "c-own-74a-trust" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Beneficiary of trusts that indirectly own", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beneficiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-david-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "david-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Beneficiary of trusts that indirectly own", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beneficiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Beneficiary of trusts that indirectly own", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beneficiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Beneficiary of trusts that indirectly own", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beneficiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Beneficiary of trusts that indirectly own (the agreement was signed by his estate)", "period": "As of the settlement agreement of 21 October 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beneficiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-pharma-lp--controls", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Owned (through trusts) and controlled, as alleged by the United States in Addendum A to the 2020 settlement", "period": "As alleged for at least 1996 – 2018", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-doj-addendum-a" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--pra-lp--controls", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "pra-lp", "role": "Owns and controls (together with the PLP Associates Holdings and BR Holdings Associates entities), as asserted by the United States", "period": "As asserted in the proof of claim of 30 July 2020", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-doj-claim" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-stanhope-gate--beacon-company--gp", "from": "stanhope-gate", "to": "beacon-company", "role": "Managing general partner of (its board holds the power to vote and dispose of Beacon's securities)", "period": "As of May 2010 and February 2017 (SEC prospectuses)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-stanhope-2010", "c-own-stanhope-2017", "c-own-beacon-trust-2010", "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-beacon-trust--beacon-company--trustee", "from": "beacon-trust", "to": "beacon-company", "role": "Trustee of the Beacon Trust, which is the general partner of", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-white--stanhope-gate--director", "from": "jonathan-white", "to": "stanhope-gate", "role": "Director (with voting and investment control over Beacon Company's securities)", "period": "As of May 2010 and February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-stanhope-2010", "c-own-stanhope-2017" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-joerg-fischer--stanhope-gate--director", "from": "joerg-fischer", "to": "stanhope-gate", "role": "Director (with voting and investment control over Beacon Company's securities)", "period": "As of May 2010 and February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-stanhope-2010", "c-own-stanhope-2017" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-steven-meiklejohn--stanhope-gate--director", "from": "steven-meiklejohn", "to": "stanhope-gate", "role": "Director (with voting and investment control over Beacon Company's securities)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-stanhope-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-philip-le-cornu--stanhope-gate--director", "from": "philip-le-cornu", "to": "stanhope-gate", "role": "Board member (the board holds the power to vote and dispose of Beacon Company's securities)", "period": "As of the Celldex prospectus of 13 February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-stanhope-2017" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-white--beacon-trust--director", "from": "jonathan-white", "to": "beacon-trust", "role": "Director of the trustee of the Beacon Trust (general partner of Beacon Company)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-joerg-fischer--beacon-trust--director", "from": "joerg-fischer", "to": "beacon-trust", "role": "Director of the trustee of the Beacon Trust (general partner of Beacon Company)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--beacon-trust--director", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "beacon-trust", "role": "Director of the trustee of the Beacon Trust (general partner of Beacon Company)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-christopher-mitchell--beacon-trust--director", "from": "christopher-mitchell", "to": "beacon-trust", "role": "Director of the trustee of the Beacon Trust (general partner of Beacon Company)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-leslie-schreyer--beacon-trust--director", "from": "leslie-schreyer", "to": "beacon-trust", "role": "Director of the trustee of the Beacon Trust (general partner of Beacon Company)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-charles-lubar--beacon-trust--director", "from": "charles-lubar", "to": "beacon-trust", "role": "Director of the trustee of the Beacon Trust (general partner of Beacon Company)", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-beacon-trust-2010" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp--gp", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "role": "General partner of (replaced non-debtor general partners before the petition date)", "period": "From before 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-gp-termination" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--purdue-neuroscience--gp", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "purdue-neuroscience", "role": "General partner of (replaced non-debtor general partners before the petition date)", "period": "From before 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-gp-termination" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--m3c-holdings--trustee", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "m3c-holdings", "role": "Co-trustee of a family trust of 15 January 2004, which wholly owns", "period": "As of the April 2015 Form 4", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-m3c" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-leslie-schreyer--cornice-fiduciary--officer", "from": "leslie-schreyer", "to": "cornice-fiduciary", "role": "Officer (he had been trustee of the trust for the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler until Cornice succeeded him on 20 November 2018)", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-succession" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jeffrey-robins--cornice-fiduciary--vp", "from": "jeffrey-robins", "to": "cornice-fiduciary", "role": "Officer; signed for the company as Vice President", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-succession" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-leslie-schreyer--norton-rose-fulbright--employee", "from": "leslie-schreyer", "to": "norton-rose-fulbright", "role": "Attorney at", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-succession" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jeffrey-robins--norton-rose-fulbright--employee", "from": "jeffrey-robins", "to": "norton-rose-fulbright", "role": "Attorney at", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-succession" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-cornice-fiduciary--norton-rose-fulbright--agent", "from": "cornice-fiduciary", "to": "norton-rose-fulbright", "role": "Uses the firm's New York office as its care-of address for SEC notices", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "infrastructure", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-cornice-succession" ], "kind": "other" }, { "id": "r-kokino--cornice-fiduciary--adviser", "from": "kokino", "to": "cornice-fiduciary", "role": "Single-family office providing investment management to the trust of which Cornice is trustee", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-kokino" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-kokino--m3c-holdings--adviser", "from": "kokino", "to": "m3c-holdings", "role": "Single-family office providing investment management to", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-kokino" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-stephen-ives--kokino--vp", "from": "stephen-ives", "to": "kokino", "role": "Vice President (signed for Kokino as managing member of Piton Capital Management LLC)", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-kokino" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-stephen-ives--m3c-holdings--vp", "from": "stephen-ives", "to": "m3c-holdings", "role": "Vice President (signatory of its SEC filings)", "period": "As of November 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-kokino" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-north-bay-associates--rosebay-medical-lp--agent", "from": "north-bay-associates", "to": "rosebay-medical-lp", "role": "Care-of address (Oklahoma City) given for Rosebay Medical Company L.P.", "period": "As of the Novelos prospectus of 3 May 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "infrastructure", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-north-bay" ], "kind": "other" }, { "id": "r-arthur-sackler--purdue-frederick--buyer", "from": "arthur-sackler", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Bought the company with his brothers Mortimer and Raymond (a reference work says he arranged the financing and held an option on one third until his estate sold it)", "period": "1952 – 1987 (estate sale per a reference work; the District Court says only that the interest was sold before OxyContin)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-origins", "c-hist-arthur-option" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--purdue-frederick--buyer", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Bought the company with his brothers Arthur and Raymond", "period": "1952", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-origins", "c-hist-arthur-option" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--purdue-frederick--buyer", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Bought the company with his brothers Arthur and Mortimer", "period": "1952", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-origins", "c-hist-arthur-option" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-arthur-sackler--mortimer-d-sackler--seller", "from": "arthur-sackler", "to": "mortimer-d-sackler", "role": "Arthur Sackler's family (his estate, per a reference work) sold its interest in Purdue to the other two branches, including", "period": "Before OxyContin was invented (after Arthur Sackler's death in 1987, per a reference work)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-arthur-exit", "c-hist-arthur-option" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-arthur-sackler--raymond-sackler--seller", "from": "arthur-sackler", "to": "raymond-sackler", "role": "Arthur Sackler's family (his estate, per a reference work) sold its interest in Purdue to the other two branches, including", "period": "Before OxyContin was invented (after Arthur Sackler's death in 1987, per a reference work)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-arthur-exit", "c-hist-arthur-option" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-arthur-sackler--mortimer-d-sackler--sibling", "from": "arthur-sackler", "to": "mortimer-d-sackler", "role": "Brothers", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-origins" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-arthur-sackler--raymond-sackler--sibling", "from": "arthur-sackler", "to": "raymond-sackler", "role": "Brothers", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-origins" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--purdue-frederick--cochair", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Co-chairman, with Raymond Sackler (per a reference work)", "period": "From 1952", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-cochairmen" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--purdue-frederick--cochair", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Co-chairman, with Mortimer Sackler (per a reference work)", "period": "From 1952", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-cochairmen" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-frederick--purdue-pharma-company--owns", "from": "purdue-frederick", "to": "purdue-pharma-company", "role": "Co-owner, with Purdue Pharma L.P., of the general partnership (which conducted pharmaceutical business and recorded OxyContin sales from about January 1996)", "period": "Until its termination on 30 September 2004", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-purdue-pharma-company", "c-hist-pfc-owner-2004", "c-dist-irs-2007", "c-bus-irs-oxycontin-sales" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-pharma-company--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-pharma-company", "role": "Co-owner, with The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., of the general partnership", "period": "Until its termination on 30 September 2004", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-purdue-pharma-company", "c-hist-pfc-owner-2004", "c-dist-irs-2007", "c-bus-irs-oxycontin-sales" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-frederick--purdue-pharma-lp--owns", "from": "purdue-frederick", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Became an owner of (share not stated) after The Purdue Pharma Company was terminated", "period": "From 30 September 2004 (share and end date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-hist-pfc-owner-2004", "c-bus-irs-oxycontin-sales" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "2 October 1990 – 24 July 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-rsackler-director", "c-board-lp-no-directors", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-board-house-memo", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-doj-board-role", "c-bus-rs-declaration-investments", "c-plea07-ct-directors", "c-lit-rs-approved-settlements" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "2 October 1990 – 8 December 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-jsackler-director", "c-board-lp-no-directors", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-doj-board-role", "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "2 October 1990 – 27 September 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-kathe-director", "c-board-lp-no-directors", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-board-house-memo", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-doj-board-role", "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "15 January 1993 – 16 January 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-mdas-director", "c-board-sackler-exit", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-board-house-memo", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-doj-board-role", "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "15 January 1993 – 7 September 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-theresa-director", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (first term)", "period": "2 October 1990 – 4 February 2005", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-ilene-director", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-id-ppi-ct-aggregator", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--purdue-pharma-inc--director-2", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (second term)", "period": "16 May 2008 – 9 October 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-ilene-director" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-beverly-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "beverly-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "About 1993 – October 2017 (17 October 2017 in her declaration)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-beverly-director", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-id-ppi-ct-aggregator", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-david-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "david-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director", "period": "19 July 2012 – 14 August 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-david-director", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-board-house-memo", "c-id-ppi-ct-aggregator", "c-own-iac-sides", "c-fam-ny-defendants", "c-fam-doj-board-role", "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Listed as director", "period": "Date not stated (undated aggregator listing only)", "status": "hypothesis", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-ct-listing" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--cochair", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Co-chair of the board", "period": "2003 – 2007 (the Rhode Island complaint alleges 2003 – 2014)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-rsackler-officer", "c-board-rsackler-ri", "c-fam-ny-defendants" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--chair", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Chair of the board", "period": "About 2008 – 2010 or 2011", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-rsackler-officer", "c-board-house-memo" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--president", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "President", "period": "2000 – 2003 (state complaints: 1999 – 2003)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-rsackler-officer", "c-board-rsackler-ri", "c-fam-richard-career" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Described as former chief executive officer", "period": "Date not stated (Connecticut's complaint: President and CEO 1999 – 2003)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-house-memo", "c-fam-richard-career" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Co-chief executive officer (with Raymond Sackler)", "period": "Dates not stated – until his death in 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-co-ceos", "c-fam-side-a" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Co-chief executive officer (with Mortimer D. Sackler)", "period": "Dates not stated (he died in 2017)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-co-ceos", "c-fam-side-b" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--vp", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Senior Vice President", "period": "Until 31 May 2007 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-family-officers-2007", "c-fam-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--vp", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Senior Vice President", "period": "Until 31 May 2007 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-family-officers-2007" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--vp", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Senior Vice President", "period": "Until 31 May 2007 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-family-officers-2007", "c-fam-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--vp", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Senior Vice President", "period": "Until 31 May 2007 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-family-officers-2007" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--vp", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Vice President", "period": "Until 31 May 2007 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-family-officers-2007", "c-fam-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--purdue-pharma-inc--vp", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Vice President", "period": "Until 31 May 2007 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-family-officers-2007" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--purdue-pharma-lp--vp", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Vice President", "period": "Dates not stated", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-peter-boer--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "peter-boer", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (non-family)", "period": "From 18 April 2008; end not stated (in the Florida registry's 2026 report but not in the July 2025 board list); ended by 1 May 2026 at the latest", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-boer", "c-board-lp-no-directors", "c-board-ct-allegations", "c-board-sunbiz-officers", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-judith-lewent--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "judith-lewent", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (non-family)", "period": "20 March 2009 – 31 December 2014 (Connecticut's complaint: March 2009 – October 2015)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-lewent", "c-board-ct-allegations", "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-cecil-pickett--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "cecil-pickett", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (Class A Director)", "period": "21 January 2010 – 1 May 2026 (board dissolved on the plan effective date)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-pickett", "c-board-lp-no-directors", "c-board-2025-directors", "c-board-sunbiz-officers", "c-board-ct-allegations", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-id-ppi-ct-aggregator", "c-iac-pickett" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-paulo-costa--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "paulo-costa", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (non-family)", "period": "25 April 2012 – 30 January 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-costa", "c-board-ct-allegations", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ralph-snyderman--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "ralph-snyderman", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Director (non-family)", "period": "1 August 2012 – 30 October 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-snyderman", "c-board-ct-allegations", "c-board-ct-listing", "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-steve-miller--purdue-pharma-inc--chair", "from": "steve-miller", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Chairman of the Board", "period": "July 2018 (announced 24 July 2018; an online profile gives 1 July 2018) – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-miller-appointed", "c-board-2025-directors", "c-board-sunbiz-officers" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-anthony-roncalli--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "anthony-roncalli", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Class B Director", "period": "December 2018 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-2025-directors", "c-board-roncalli-bio", "c-board-sunbiz-officers" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-michael-cola--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "michael-cola", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Class A Director (from February 2019), At-Large Director (from July 2019)", "period": "February 2019 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-2025-directors", "c-board-cola-bio", "c-board-sunbiz-officers" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kenneth-buckfire--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "kenneth-buckfire", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "At-Large Director", "period": "May 2019 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-2025-directors", "c-board-buckfire-bio", "c-board-sunbiz-officers" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-john-dubel--purdue-pharma-inc--director", "from": "john-dubel", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "At-Large Director", "period": "July 2019 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-2025-directors", "c-board-dubel-bio", "c-board-sunbiz-officers" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-john-dubel--purdue-pharma-inc--committee", "from": "john-dubel", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Chairman of the Special Committee of the board", "period": "From 2019 (appointed to the board in July 2019) – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-special-committee-members", "c-board-special-committee-ruling", "c-ch11-special-committee" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-steve-miller--purdue-pharma-inc--committee", "from": "steve-miller", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Member of the Special Committee of the board", "period": "Member as of July 2025 (committee formed May 2019) – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-special-committee-members" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kenneth-buckfire--purdue-pharma-inc--committee", "from": "kenneth-buckfire", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Member of the Special Committee of the board", "period": "Member as of July 2025 (appointed to the board May 2019) – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-special-committee-members" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-michael-cola--purdue-pharma-inc--committee", "from": "michael-cola", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Member of the Special Committee of the board", "period": "Member as of July 2025 (At-Large Director from July 2019) – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-special-committee-members" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--rhodes-technologies--director", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "rhodes-technologies", "role": "Board member (alleged)", "period": "Date not stated (alleged as current in the March 2022 Rhode Island complaint)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-rsackler-ri" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-peter-boer--rhodes-technologies--director", "from": "peter-boer", "to": "rhodes-technologies", "role": "Board member (alleged)", "period": "For about a decade, as alleged, before he joined the Purdue board in 2008", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-boer-rhodes" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-anthony-roncalli--norton-rose-fulbright--employee", "from": "anthony-roncalli", "to": "norton-rose-fulbright", "role": "Former partner", "period": "Dates not stated (former partner by July 2025)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-roncalli-bio" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-craig-landau--purdue-pharma-inc--ceo", "from": "craig-landau", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "President and Chief Executive Officer", "period": "June 2017 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-landau-ceo", "c-board-sunbiz-officers", "c-exec-landau-promotion-stop" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-terrence-ronan--purdue-pharma-inc--cfo", "from": "terrence-ronan", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer", "period": "Listed in the annual report filed 28 February 2026 (start not stated); ended by the 1 May 2026 plan effective date", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-board-sunbiz-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-marc-kesselman--purdue-pharma-inc--gc", "from": "marc-kesselman", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (start not stated; Secretary in the 2026 registry report) – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-id-ppi", "c-board-sunbiz-officers", "c-exec-kesselman-later" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-craig-landau--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "craig-landau", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "President and Chief Executive Officer", "period": "June 2017 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-landau-ceo", "c-board-ppi-manages", "c-board-landau-network-board", "c-board-landau-testimony", "c-exec-kesselman-appointed", "c-exec-landau-promotion-stop", "c-exec-staff-2018", "c-exec-landau-suits", "c-exec-landau-bonus", "c-board-house-memo", "c-bus-landau-analgesic", "c-bus-timney-deals", "c-lit-pending-actions-landau", "c-ch11-voluntary-injunction" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-craig-landau--purdue-pharma-lp--officer", "from": "craig-landau", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Chief Medical Officer and Vice President of R&D Innovation, Clinical and Medical Affairs (Head of Clinical Development)", "period": "1999 – 2013", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-landau-cmo" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-craig-landau--purdue-canada--ceo", "from": "craig-landau", "to": "purdue-canada", "role": "President and Chief Executive Officer", "period": "July 2013 – June 2017 (kept responsibility for Purdue Canada after June 2017)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-landau-canada", "c-board-landau-network-board" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-craig-landau--rhodes-pharmaceuticals--officer", "from": "craig-landau", "to": "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Oversees the generic medicine business (Rhodes Pharma)", "period": "From 2022", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-landau-rhodes" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-mark-timney--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "mark-timney", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "President and Chief Executive Officer", "period": "January 2014 – June 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-timney-ceo", "c-board-landau-network-board", "c-bus-timney-deals" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-mark-timney--purdue-pharma-inc--ceo", "from": "mark-timney", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Chief Executive Officer", "period": "January 2014 – June 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-timney-ceo", "c-exec-ct-listing-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-john-stewart--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "john-stewart", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Chief Executive Officer", "period": "June 2007 – December 2013", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-stewart-ceo", "c-bus-stewart-patent", "c-cons-mck-stewart" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-john-stewart--purdue-pharma-inc--ceo", "from": "john-stewart", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Chief Executive Officer", "period": "June 2007 – December 2013", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-stewart-ceo", "c-bus-stewart-patent", "c-cons-mck-stewart" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-michael-friedman--purdue-pharma-lp--ceo", "from": "michael-friedman", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Described as chief executive officer (alleged)", "period": "Date not stated (alleged in Connecticut's May 2019 complaint)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-michael-friedman--purdue-pharma-inc--ceo", "from": "michael-friedman", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Described as chief executive officer (alleged)", "period": "Date not stated (alleged in Connecticut's May 2019 complaint)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-marc-kesselman--purdue-pharma-lp--gc", "from": "marc-kesselman", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Senior Vice President and General Counsel; later Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Legal Officer", "period": "24 July 2018 – 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-kesselman-appointed", "c-exec-kesselman-later", "c-board-ppi-manages", "c-exec-barton" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-maria-barton--purdue-pharma-lp--gc", "from": "maria-barton", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "General Counsel (head of the law department)", "period": "February 2017 – July 2018 (joined about a year before her promotion)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-barton" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jon-lowne--purdue-pharma-lp--cfo", "from": "jon-lowne", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (acting CFO from August 2017)", "period": "August 2017 (acting) / March 2018 – end not stated; ended by the 1 May 2026 plan effective date", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-lowne-cfo", "c-exec-lowne-petition", "c-id-debtor-list", "c-bus-assertio-signatories" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jon-lowne--purdue-pharma-lp--employee", "from": "jon-lowne", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Senior Internal Auditor, later Controller", "period": "1995 – July 2017 (Controller from 2005)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-lowne-cfo" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-jon-lowne--purdue-pharma-inc--cfo", "from": "jon-lowne", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "VP, Chief Financial Officer (signing for PPI as general partner)", "period": "As of 28 August 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-assertio-signatories" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-edward-mahony--pf-laboratories--vp", "from": "edward-mahony", "to": "pf-laboratories", "role": "VP, Finance", "period": "As of 28 August 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-assertio-signatories" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-edward-mahony--purdue-pharma-inc--vp", "from": "edward-mahony", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Executive vice president (undated listing)", "period": "Date not stated", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-ct-listing-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--purdue-pharma-inc--vp", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Executive Vice President, Counsel to the Board and Secretary", "period": "As of October 2003", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-own-baker-ppi", "c-id-florida-2003", "c-exec-ct-listing-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-robin-abrams--purdue-pharma-lp--vp", "from": "robin-abrams", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Vice-President and Associate General Counsel", "period": "As of May 2007", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-abrams-signatory" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-robin-abrams--purdue-pharma-inc--vp", "from": "robin-abrams", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Vice president (undated listing)", "period": "Date not stated", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-ct-listing-officers" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-russell-gasdia--purdue-pharma-lp--vp", "from": "russell-gasdia", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Vice President of Sales and Marketing (as alleged)", "period": "Date not stated (Connecticut's complaint places him in the role in 2012 – 2013)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-gasdia" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-james-dolan--purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc--vp", "from": "james-dolan", "to": "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "role": "Senior Vice President, Licensing and Business Development", "period": "As of 19 November 2008", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-exec-dolan", "c-bus-infinity-alliance" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-marcelo-bigal--purdue-pharma-lp--officer", "from": "marcelo-bigal", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Chief medical officer (as reported)", "period": "As of March 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-adlon-adhansia" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-marcelo-bigal--adlon-therapeutics--officer", "from": "marcelo-bigal", "to": "adlon-therapeutics", "role": "General manager (as reported)", "period": "As of March 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-adlon-adhansia" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--richard-sackler--parent", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b", "c-fam-richard-career", "c-hist-raymond-family" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-beverly-sackler--richard-sackler--parent", "from": "beverly-sackler", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Mother of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--jonathan-sackler--parent", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "jonathan-sackler", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b", "c-fam-jonathan-death", "c-hist-raymond-family" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--richard-sackler--sibling", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Brothers (the two sons of Raymond Sackler)", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--beverly-sackler--spouse", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "beverly-sackler", "role": "Spouses", "period": "Marriage date not stated; until Raymond Sackler's death in 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b", "c-hist-raymond-family" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--david-sackler--parent", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "david-sackler", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b", "c-plan25-press-2026" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--marianna-sackler--parent", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "marianna-sackler", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-b", "c-fam-marianna" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--raymond-sackler--sibling", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "raymond-sackler", "role": "Brothers (co-chief executive officers of Purdue)", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-a", "c-fam-side-b", "c-hist-origins" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--theresa-sackler--spouse", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "theresa-sackler", "role": "Spouses", "period": "Married in 1980 (reference biography); until Mortimer D. Sackler's death in 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-a", "c-fam-mds-children-bio" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--ilene-sackler-lefcourt--parent", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-a", "c-fam-mds-children-bio" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--kathe-sackler--parent", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "kathe-sackler", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-a", "c-fam-mds-children-bio" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--mortimer-da-sackler--parent", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "mortimer-da-sackler", "role": "Father of", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-side-a", "c-fam-mds-children-bio" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--samantha-sackler-hunt--parent", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "samantha-sackler-hunt", "role": "Father of (per a reference biography)", "period": "Family relation; not time-limited", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mds-children-bio" ], "kind": "family" }, { "id": "r-marianna-sackler--purdue-pharma-lp--consultant", "from": "marianna-sackler", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Consultant in the research and development department on OxyContin projects (never an officer or director)", "period": "Dates not stated", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-marianna" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-marianna-sackler--mundipharma-italy--employee", "from": "marianna-sackler", "to": "mundipharma-italy", "role": "Held a public-relations (\"PR\") role; terms of engagement not stated", "period": "Dates not stated", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-marianna" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--mnp-mnc--director", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "mnp-mnc", "role": "Director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC", "period": "For many years (dates not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mnp-mnc" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--mnp-mnc--director", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "mnp-mnc", "role": "Director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC", "period": "For many years (dates not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mnp-mnc" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--mnp-mnc--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "mnp-mnc", "role": "Director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC", "period": "For many years (dates not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mnp-mnc" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--mnp-mnc--director", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "mnp-mnc", "role": "Director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC", "period": "For many years (dates not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mnp-mnc" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--mnp-mnc--director", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "mnp-mnc", "role": "Director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC", "period": "Until 2018 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mnp-mnc" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-david-sackler--mnp-mnc--director", "from": "david-sackler", "to": "mnp-mnc", "role": "Director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC", "period": "Dates not stated", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-fam-mnp-mnc" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 24 March 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 17 July 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-beverly-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "beverly-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 17 October 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-samantha-sackler-hunt--napp-group--director", "from": "samantha-sackler-hunt", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 17 October 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--napp-group--director", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "20 June 1995 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-david-sackler--napp-group--director", "from": "david-sackler", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "19 July 2012 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-family", "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "31 March 1999 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--napp-holdings--director", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "5 April 1999 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "6 April 1999 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "8 April 1999 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-samantha-sackler-hunt--napp-holdings--director", "from": "samantha-sackler-hunt", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "7 May 1999 – 17 October 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-david-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "david-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "19 July 2012 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family", "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010 (appointment and end dates not in the record)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010 (appointment and end dates not in the record)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-raymond-sackler--napp-holdings--director", "from": "raymond-sackler", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010 (appointment and end dates not in the record)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-holdings-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-cecil-pickett--napp-holdings--director", "from": "cecil-pickett", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Until on or before 9 August 2018; appointment and termination filings both dated 18 August 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-pickett" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-judith-lewent--napp-holdings--director", "from": "judith-lewent", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC), recorded as \"Judy Lewent\"", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-peter-boer--napp-holdings--director", "from": "peter-boer", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-paulo-costa--napp-holdings--director", "from": "paulo-costa", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC), recorded as \"Paulo Ferraz Costa\"", "period": "Appointment filed 27 April 2012; end not in the record", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ralph-snyderman--napp-holdings--director", "from": "ralph-snyderman", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Appointment filed 2 August 2012; end not in the record", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--napp-group--director", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC), recorded as \"Stuart David Baker\"", "period": "8 December 1994 – 31 December 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-baker" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--napp-holdings--director", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-baker" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-christopher-mitchell--napp-group--director", "from": "christopher-mitchell", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Before 31 July 1991 – 12 April 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mitchell" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-christopher-mitchell--napp-holdings--director", "from": "christopher-mitchell", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "Director as at 31 July 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mitchell" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stephen-johan-jamieson--napp-group--director", "from": "stephen-johan-jamieson", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "From 22 February 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-later" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-bryan-george-lea--napp-group--director", "from": "bryan-george-lea", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (UK IAC)", "period": "From 1 January 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-later" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-cecil-pickett--mnp-consulting--director", "from": "cecil-pickett", "to": "mnp-consulting", "role": "Director of MNP Consulting Limited (Delaware IAC)", "period": "Until on or before 9 August 2018 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-pickett" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-cecil-pickett--mundipharma-verwaltung--director", "from": "cecil-pickett", "to": "mundipharma-verwaltung", "role": "Director of Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (German IAC)", "period": "Until on or before 9 August 2018 (start not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-pickett" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--mundipharma-limited--director", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "mundipharma-limited", "role": "Director of MUNDIPHARMA LIMITED (00553824)", "period": "From 4 September 2014; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-baker" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--mundipharma-it-services--director", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "mundipharma-it-services", "role": "Director of MUNDIPHARMA IT SERVICES LIMITED (07485493)", "period": "27 April 2012 – 31 December 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-baker" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-stuart-baker--paineurope--director", "from": "stuart-baker", "to": "paineurope", "role": "Director of PAINEUROPE LIMITED (02714090)", "period": "6 January 2009 – 31 December 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-baker" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--napp-group--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "Before 31 July 1991 – 25 March 2008", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs", "c-iac-napp-group-later" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--napp-group--officer-2", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "26 February 2009 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs", "c-iac-napp-group-later" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-cornhill-services--napp-group--officer", "from": "cornhill-services", "to": "napp-group", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "25 March 2008 – 26 February 2009", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-napp-group-later" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--napp-holdings--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "19 December 1997 – 25 March 2008", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--napp-holdings--officer-2", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "napp-holdings", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "26 February 2009 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--mundipharma-international-ltd--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "mundipharma-international-ltd", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "26 February 2009 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--bard-pharmaceuticals--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "bard-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "26 February 2009 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--paineurope--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "paineurope", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "1 January 2009 – 11 June 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--mundipharma-limited--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "mundipharma-limited", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "From 1 January 2009; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-iacs" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--sackler-trust--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "sackler-trust", "role": "Director of The Sackler Trust (07022224)", "period": "From 18 September 2009", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-sackler-trust" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-anthony-collins--sackler-trust--director", "from": "anthony-collins", "to": "sackler-trust", "role": "Director (Companies House) and trustee (charity register) of The Sackler Trust", "period": "From 20 June 2016", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-sackler-trust", "c-iac-collins" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--sackler-trust--director", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "sackler-trust", "role": "Director of The Sackler Trust", "period": "24 November 2009 – 24 March 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-sackler-trust" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-christopher-mitchell--sackler-trust--director", "from": "christopher-mitchell", "to": "sackler-trust", "role": "Director of The Sackler Trust", "period": "17 September 2009 – 5 October 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-sackler-trust", "c-iac-mitchell" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--sackler-trust--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "sackler-trust", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "17 September 2009 – 31 July 2022", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-sackler-trust", "c-iac-tiercel-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Director (Companies House) and trustee (charity register) of The Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation", "period": "From 30 September 2009", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--trustee", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Charity trustee", "period": "As listed on the charity register (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--trustee", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Charity trustee", "period": "As listed on the charity register (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--trustee", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Charity trustee, listed as \"Mrs I Sackler Lefcourt\"", "period": "As listed on the charity register (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-samantha-sackler-hunt--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--trustee", "from": "samantha-sackler-hunt", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Charity trustee, listed as \"Samantha Sophia Hunt\"", "period": "As listed on the charity register (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-anthony-collins--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--trustee", "from": "anthony-collins", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Charity trustee", "period": "From 17 October 2016", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation", "c-iac-collins" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "27 January 2009 – 31 July 2022", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-mt-foundation", "c-iac-tiercel-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-anthony-collins--raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation--trustee", "from": "anthony-collins", "to": "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "role": "Charity trustee", "period": "As listed on the charity register (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-collins" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation--director", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "role": "Director of the UK Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation (06802985)", "period": "1 December 2009 – 30 June 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-rbsf-uk" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-beverly-sackler--raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation--director", "from": "beverly-sackler", "to": "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "role": "Director of the UK Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation (06802985)", "period": "1 December 2009 – 14 October 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-rbsf-uk" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "27 January 2009 – 10 April 2025", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-rbsf-uk", "c-iac-tiercel-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--tradewhiz--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "tradewhiz", "role": "Director of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED", "period": "From 24 January 2000; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tradewhiz-formulation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-d-sackler--tradewhiz--director", "from": "mortimer-d-sackler", "to": "tradewhiz", "role": "Director of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED", "period": "24 January 2000 – 24 March 2010", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tradewhiz-formulation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-christopher-mitchell--tradewhiz--director", "from": "christopher-mitchell", "to": "tradewhiz", "role": "Director of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED", "period": "From 28 June 2011; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tradewhiz-formulation", "c-iac-mitchell" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--tradewhiz--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "tradewhiz", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "From 24 January 2000; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tradewhiz-formulation", "c-iac-tiercel-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--formulation-products--director", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "formulation-products", "role": "Director of FORMULATION PRODUCTS LIMITED", "period": "From 4 March 1999; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tradewhiz-formulation" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-tiercel-services--formulation-products--officer", "from": "tiercel-services", "to": "formulation-products", "role": "Corporate company secretary", "period": "From 4 March 1999; company since dissolved", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-tiercel-family" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-one-stamford-realty--purdue-pharma-lp--supplier", "from": "one-stamford-realty", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Provided facilities and administrative services (and was counterparty to the headquarters lease)", "period": "Historical; ended when the services agreements were renegotiated at the Special Committee's direction (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-osr-txp" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-one-stamford-realty--purdue-pharma-inc--supplier", "from": "one-stamford-realty", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Provided facilities and administrative services", "period": "Historical; ended on renegotiation at the Special Committee's direction (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-osr-txp" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-txp-services--purdue-pharma-lp--supplier", "from": "txp-services", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Provided accounting and other administrative services", "period": "Historical; ended on renegotiation at the Special Committee's direction (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-osr-txp" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-txp-services--purdue-pharma-inc--supplier", "from": "txp-services", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Provided accounting and other administrative services", "period": "Historical; ended on renegotiation at the Special Committee's direction (date not stated)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-osr-txp" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-rosebay-medical-lp--mundipharma-italy--owns", "from": "rosebay-medical-lp", "to": "mundipharma-italy", "role": "One of four registered owners of Mundipharma's Italian branch (with three Luxembourg companies), per the Italian business register as reported", "period": "As reported in May 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-rosebay-foreign" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-database-sackler-mortimer-d--merganser--owns", "from": "database-sackler-mortimer-d", "to": "merganser", "role": "Recorded as shareholder in leaked offshore-registry data", "period": "Company incorporated 1998, closed 2009; data current through 2014", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-database-merganser" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-hillside-trust--merganser--owns", "from": "hillside-trust", "to": "merganser", "role": "Recorded as shareholder in leaked offshore-registry data", "period": "Company incorporated 1998, closed 2009; data current through 2014", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-database-merganser" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rosebay-medical-llc--sheldrake--owns", "from": "rosebay-medical-llc", "to": "sheldrake", "role": "Recorded as shareholder in leaked offshore-registry data", "period": "Company incorporated 1998; data current through 2014", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-iac-database-sheldrake" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--sackler-family--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "sackler-family", "role": "Paid cash distributions, including tax distributions, and transferred non-cash assets to or for the benefit of (1A Report: about $10.347 billion net cash with Rhodes, January 2008 – September 2019; debtors' acknowledgement: $1.322 billion in 1995–2007, of which $1.192 billion for taxes)", "period": "1995 – 2017 (cash distributions ceased in 2017)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-1a-report", "c-dist-1b-bates-white", "c-dist-tax-distributions", "c-dist-cessation", "c-dist-ds-claims-assessment", "c-dist-court-total", "c-dist-court-pattern", "c-dist-court-taxes-pre2008", "c-dist-court-recipients", "c-dist-court-solvency", "c-dist-court-11bn", "c-dist-drain-defences", "c-dist-scotus", "c-dist-bench-2025", "c-dist-doj-addendum", "c-dist-doj-poc-cash", "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "c-dist-ct-complaint", "c-dist-press-10-7", "c-bus-house-memo", "c-bus-state-revenue-allegations" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--beacon-company--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "beacon-company", "role": "Paid distributions, directly and through PLP and BR holding companies, to (Side A partnership; e.g. $100 million on 6 November 2008 per the United States; 2008–2011 amounts alleged by Connecticut); transferred Novelos securities in 2009 to", "period": "From 2008 (Novelos securities transferred February – November 2009)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-court-recipients", "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "c-dist-ct-complaint", "c-dist-press-2010", "c-bus-novelos-transfer" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--rosebay-medical-lp--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "rosebay-medical-lp", "role": "Paid distributions, directly and through PLP and BR holding companies, to (Side B partnership; e.g. $100 million on 6 November 2008 per the United States; 2008–2011 amounts alleged by Connecticut); transferred Novelos securities in 2009 to", "period": "From 2008 (Novelos securities transferred February – November 2009)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-court-recipients", "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "c-dist-ct-complaint", "c-dist-press-2010", "c-bus-novelos-transfer" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--plp-associates-lp--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "plp-associates-lp", "role": "Paid cash distributions to (United States: e.g. $50 million, $250 million and $199 million in 2008; Connecticut: conduit for 2010–2011 distributions to Rosebay and Beacon)", "period": "2008 – 2011", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "c-dist-ct-complaint" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--br-holdings-lp--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "br-holdings-lp", "role": "Paid cash distributions to (United States: December 2011 – September 2017, the last $200,000; Connecticut: conduit for 2010–2011 distributions to Rosebay and Beacon)", "period": "2010 – September 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "c-dist-ct-complaint" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--plp-associates-inc--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "plp-associates-inc", "role": "Paid smaller cash distributions (e.g. $492,818 on 25 September 2008) to, according to the United States", "period": "2008 – 2010", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-pharma-inc--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-pharma-inc", "role": "Paid smaller cash distributions (e.g. $495,000 on 25 September 2008) to its general partner, according to the United States", "period": "2008 – 2010", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--pra-lp--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "pra-lp", "role": "Paid cash distributions to its parent (as Purdue Holdings L.P., September 2010 – September 2011, e.g. $261,290,537 on 2 December 2010) and transferred non-cash assets valued in Purdue's records at a stated $412,272,152 (equity stakes, Infinity, Kolltan and Novelos stock, product rights) to, according to the United States", "period": "2008 – 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash", "c-own-coventry" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--pra-lp--lender", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "pra-lp", "role": "Lent $313 million to its parent (repaid before the September 2019 petition date)", "period": "2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-cessation" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--coventry-technologies--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "coventry-technologies", "role": "Held an equity interest in (valued at $52,328,000 in Purdue's records when transferred to PRA LP, estimated date 1 January 2008), according to the United States", "period": "Until 1 January 2008 (estimated)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash", "c-own-coventry" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--millsaw-realty--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "millsaw-realty", "role": "Held equity in (valued at $7,412,000 when transferred to PRA LP on 1 January 2009), according to the United States", "period": "Until 1 January 2009", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--kolltan-pharmaceuticals--investor", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "kolltan-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Held stock in (valued at $12,950,000 when transferred to PRA LP on 30 September 2009; further stock and cash of $2,170,802 on 31 December 2014), according to the United States", "period": "Until 2014", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--lucien-holdings--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "lucien-holdings", "role": "Held equity in (recorded at negative $543,000 when transferred to PRA LP in 2010), according to the United States", "period": "Until 2010", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--new-suffolk-holdings--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "new-suffolk-holdings", "role": "Held equity in (valued at $32,761,081 when transferred to PRA LP in 2010), according to the United States", "period": "Until 2010", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-celldex-therapeutics--kolltan-pharmaceuticals--owns", "from": "celldex-therapeutics", "to": "kolltan-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Owns 100% of (merger completed 29 November 2016; Kolltan investors received 18,257,996 Celldex shares)", "period": "From 29 November 2016", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-beacon-company--celldex-therapeutics--investor", "from": "beacon-company", "to": "celldex-therapeutics", "role": "Held 259,507 shares, issued in the Kolltan merger and offered for resale, of", "period": "As of 13 February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-rosebay-medical-lp--celldex-therapeutics--investor", "from": "rosebay-medical-lp", "to": "celldex-therapeutics", "role": "Held 259,507 shares, issued in the Kolltan merger and offered for resale, of", "period": "As of 13 February 2017", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-celldex-kolltan" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-company--purdue-pharma-lp--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-company", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Distributed profits, including OxyContin proceeds, by wire transfer (about $2,854,760,301 in total with The Purdue Frederick Company) to, according to an IRS agent", "period": "1995 – 30 September 2004", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-irs-2007" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-company--purdue-frederick--transferee", "from": "purdue-pharma-company", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Distributed profits, including OxyContin proceeds, by wire transfer (about $2,854,760,301 in total with Purdue Pharma L.P.) to, according to an IRS agent", "period": "1995 – 30 September 2004", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-irs-2007" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-alixpartners--purdue-pharma-lp--adviser", "from": "alixpartners", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Forensic accountant engaged in April 2019 that prepared the cash-transfer (1A) and non-cash-transfer (1B) reports for the Special Committee of", "period": "From April 2019 (1A Report filed 16 December 2019; 1B Report 29 May 2020)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-1a-report", "c-dist-1b-bates-white", "c-dist-bench-2025" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-bates-white--purdue-pharma-lp--adviser", "from": "bates-white", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Valuation and transfer-pricing consultant, retained through the debtors' counsel, that assessed non-cash transfers and Sackler-entity dealings for the Special Committee of", "period": "Date not stated (findings presented in 2020)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-dist-1b-bates-white" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-transdermal-technologies--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-pharmaceuticals--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-pharma-manufacturing--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--adlon-therapeutics--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "adlon-therapeutics", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition); described as a new subsidiary in March 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries", "c-bus-adlon-adhansia" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--imbrium-therapeutics--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "imbrium-therapeutics", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries", "c-bus-adlon-adhansia" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--greenfield-bioventures--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "greenfield-bioventures", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--nayatt-cove-lifescience--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--rhodes-associates--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "rhodes-associates", "role": "Owns 100% of (head of the Rhodes generic-medication debtors)", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition); same structure described in July 2025", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries", "c-bus-segments" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--avrio-health--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "avrio-health", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition); Avrio Health consumer business sold in 2023", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries", "c-bus-avrio-sale" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--seven-seas-hill--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "seven-seas-hill", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--ophir-green--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "ophir-green", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-neuroscience--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-neuroscience", "role": "Owns 99% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--purdue-neuroscience--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "purdue-neuroscience", "role": "Owns 1% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-associates--rhodes-technologies--owns", "from": "rhodes-associates", "to": "rhodes-technologies", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-associates--rhodes-pharmaceuticals--owns", "from": "rhodes-associates", "to": "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-associates--paul-land--owns", "from": "rhodes-associates", "to": "paul-land", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--rhodes-technologies--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "rhodes-technologies", "role": "Parent of Rhodes Tech (or its predecessor) until it was moved to another Sackler ownership chain on or around 1 January 2008; indirect owner again through Rhodes Associates L.P. from May 2019", "period": "Before 1 January 2008; again (indirectly) from May 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-history" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-technologies--udf-lp--owns", "from": "rhodes-technologies", "to": "udf-lp", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-technologies--svc-pharma-inc--owns", "from": "rhodes-technologies", "to": "svc-pharma-inc", "role": "Owns 100% of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019 (petition)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-subsidiaries" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-coventry-technologies--rhodes-pharmaceuticals--owns", "from": "coventry-technologies", "to": "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Alleged owner of (New York, September 2019: 100%; Rhode Island, 2022: sole limited partner holding its interests)", "period": "Alleged in pleadings of September 2019 and March 2022", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-ny-complaint", "c-bus-rhodes-pharma-ri" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-coventry-technologies--rhodes-technologies--owns", "from": "coventry-technologies", "to": "rhodes-technologies", "role": "Alleged 100% owner of, according to the New York Attorney General", "period": "Alleged in September 2019", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-ny-complaint" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-technologies-inc--rhodes-technologies--gp", "from": "rhodes-technologies-inc", "to": "rhodes-technologies", "role": "General partner (managing general partner per New York) of, according to state complaints", "period": "Alleged in September 2019 and March 2022", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-tech-ri", "c-bus-rhodes-ny-complaint" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-pharmaceuticals-inc--rhodes-pharmaceuticals--gp", "from": "rhodes-pharmaceuticals-inc", "to": "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "role": "General partner of, according to state complaints", "period": "Alleged in September 2019 and March 2022", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-pharma-ri", "c-bus-rhodes-ny-complaint" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--coventry-technologies--gp", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "coventry-technologies", "role": "General partner of, according to the Rhode Island Attorney General", "period": "Alleged in March 2022", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-pharma-ri" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--rhodes-technologies-inc--owns", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "rhodes-technologies-inc", "role": "Parent of (Rhodes Technologies Inc. described as its subsidiary), according to the Rhode Island Attorney General", "period": "Alleged in March 2022", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rhodes-tech-ri" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-technologies-inc--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "rhodes-technologies-inc", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Unsecured creditor (services fees, listed among the 50 largest unsecured claims) of", "period": "As of 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-creditor-rhodes-inc" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc--purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp--gp", "from": "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "to": "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "role": "General partner of", "period": "As of 19 November 2008", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-infinity-alliance" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--purdue-pharmaceuticals--gp", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "role": "General partner of", "period": "As of 28 August 2018", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-assertio-signatories" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--infinity-pharmaceuticals--investor", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Investor in (according to Richard Sackler, an investment that ended in approximately 2013; the United States lists Infinity stock transferred to PRA LP in 2008, 2009 and 2013)", "period": "About 2008 – 2013", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-rs-declaration-investments", "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp--infinity-pharmaceuticals--party", "from": "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "to": "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Strategic alliance partner (development and commercialization of FAAH products in the United States, with equity and credit commitments announced by \"Purdue\") of", "period": "From 19 November 2008", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-infinity-alliance", "c-bus-infinity-investment" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mundipharma-international-corp--infinity-pharmaceuticals--party", "from": "mundipharma-international-corp", "to": "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "role": "Strategic alliance partner (commercialization rights outside the United States) of", "period": "From November 2008", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-infinity-investment" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--novelos-therapeutics--investor", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "novelos-therapeutics", "role": "Bought 200 Series E preferred shares and warrants for $10,000,000 on 11 February 2009, then transferred its Novelos securities to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., of", "period": "11 February 2009 – November 2009", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-novelos-purchase", "c-bus-novelos-transfer", "c-bus-rs-declaration-investments", "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-lts-lohmann-therapie-systeme--purdue-pharma-lp--supplier", "from": "lts-lohmann-therapie-systeme", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Third-party manufacturer of Butrans for", "period": "As described in July 2025", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-manufacturing" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-pf-laboratories--purdue-pharma-lp--supplier", "from": "pf-laboratories", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Manufactured, at Totowa, New Jersey, the OxyContin tablets sold and distributed by, according to the 2020 Information", "period": "From at least 2002 through the first half of 2015", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-nj-facilities" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-analgesic-research--purdue-pharma-lp--contractor", "from": "analgesic-research", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Clinical-development contractor (trial design, risk mitigation, NDA materials for Butrans and Hysingla), according to Craig Landau, of", "period": "Date not stated", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-landau-analgesic" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-kbr-building-group--purdue-pharma-manufacturing--contractor", "from": "kbr-building-group", "to": "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "role": "Construction contractor for the Durham, North Carolina oral solid dosage plant (and earlier construction services), according to KBR, of", "period": "Contract announced 9 July 2014", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-durham-kbr" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-ssoe--purdue-pharma-manufacturing--contractor", "from": "ssoe", "to": "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "role": "Lead design firm and civil, structural and MEP engineer for the Durham plant of", "period": "Project listed 1 November 2016", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-durham-enr" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-be-k-building-group--purdue-pharma-manufacturing--contractor", "from": "be-k-building-group", "to": "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "role": "General contractor for the Durham plant of", "period": "Project listed 1 November 2016", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-durham-enr" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mckee-building-group--purdue-pharma-manufacturing--contractor", "from": "mckee-building-group", "to": "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "role": "Program manager for the Durham plant of", "period": "Project listed 1 November 2016", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-durham-enr" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-rhodes-technologies--noramco-coventry--seller", "from": "rhodes-technologies", "to": "noramco-coventry", "role": "Sold its Coventry, Rhode Island active-pharmaceutical-ingredient plant and related assets (agreement 14 September 2020, court approval 1 October 2020, closing 31 December 2020; about 120 employees affected) to", "period": "14 September – 31 December 2020", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-workforce-capital", "c-bus-coventry-sale" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-arcadia-consumer-healthcare--avrio-health--buyer", "from": "arcadia-consumer-healthcare", "to": "avrio-health", "role": "Buyer, through its wholly owned subsidiary Atlantis Consumer Healthcare Inc. and as guarantor, of substantially all the assets of (asset purchase agreement 4 April 2023; $397 million reported; closed 1 June 2023)", "period": "4 April – 1 June 2023", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-avrio-sale" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--vm-pharma--buyer", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "vm-pharma", "role": "Acquired the non-opioid treatment VM-902A and the TrkA pain program from, according to a company announcement", "period": "Between 2014 and June 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-timney-deals" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--anabios--party", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "anabios", "role": "Research collaborator on non-opioid, non-NSAID chronic-pain compounds, announced between 2014 and June 2017, with", "period": "Between 2014 and June 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-timney-deals" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--exicure--party", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "exicure", "role": "Party to a $790 million strategic research collaboration on psoriasis treatments with", "period": "Between 2014 and June 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-timney-deals" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--eisai--party", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "eisai", "role": "Co-development and commercialization partner for lemborexant of", "period": "Between 2014 and June 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-timney-deals" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--shionogi--party", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "shionogi", "role": "Alliance partner for the U.S. launch and commercialization of Symproic (naldemedine) of", "period": "Between 2014 and June 2017", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-timney-deals" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--assertio-therapeutics--payer", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "assertio-therapeutics", "role": "With The P.F. Laboratories and Purdue Pharmaceuticals, agreed to pay $30 million on signing and $32 million by 1 February 2019 (royalty settlement and dismissal of Depomed v. Purdue, D.N.J. 3:13-cv-00571) to", "period": "28 August 2018 – 1 February 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-assertio-2018", "c-bus-product-list-2018" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--endo-pharmaceuticals--plaintiff", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "endo-pharmaceuticals", "role": "With the other Purdue Companies, asserted OxyContin patent infringement (S.D.N.Y. actions 00 Civ. 8029, 01 Civ. 2109, 01 Civ. 8177 over ANDA No. 75-923) against; settled 28 August 2006 with a consent judgment, patent licence and mutual releases", "period": "Actions numbered 2000–2001; settled 28 August 2006", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-endo-2006" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--endo-pharmaceuticals-holdings--plaintiff", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "endo-pharmaceuticals-holdings", "role": "With the other Purdue Companies, litigated OxyContin patent claims against and settled them on 28 August 2006 with", "period": "Settled 28 August 2006", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-endo-2006" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--purdue-pharma-pac--controls", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "purdue-pharma-pac", "role": "Connected corporation, by the committee's registered name (corporation PAC registered 17 December 2001; now terminated), of", "period": "From 17 December 2001; last report covers to 16 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-bus-pac-fec", "c-bus-lobbying" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-michael-friedman--purdue-frederick--officer", "from": "michael-friedman", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Vice President and Assistant to the President and Chairman (1985), Group Vice President (1988), Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (1999); a responsible corporate officer for 1996 to 30 June 2001", "period": "1985 – 2003", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-executive-careers", "c-plea07-information", "c-plea07-individual-basis", "c-plea07-executive-exclusions" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-michael-friedman--purdue-frederick--ceo", "from": "michael-friedman", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "President and Chief Executive Officer; pleaded guilty in that capacity in May 2007 and was described by HHS-OIG in 2009 as a former executive", "period": "2003 – at least May 2007", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-executive-careers", "c-plea07-executive-pleas", "c-plea07-executive-exclusions" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-howard-udell--purdue-frederick--gc", "from": "howard-udell", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "General Counsel from 1977; Group Vice President and General Counsel (1989), Executive Vice President and General Counsel (1999), Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer (2003); a responsible corporate officer for 1996 to 30 June 2001", "period": "1977 – at least May 2007", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-executive-careers", "c-plea07-executive-pleas", "c-plea07-information", "c-plea07-individual-basis", "c-plea07-executive-exclusions" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-paul-goldenheim--purdue-frederick--officer", "from": "paul-goldenheim", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Medical Director (1985), later scientific and medical affairs posts, Executive Vice President of Worldwide Research & Development (2000) and Chief Scientific Officer (2003); a responsible corporate officer for 1996 to 30 June 2001", "period": "1985 – 2004", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-executive-careers", "c-plea07-executive-pleas", "c-plea07-information", "c-plea07-individual-basis", "c-plea07-executive-exclusions" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-robin-abrams--purdue-frederick--vp", "from": "robin-abrams", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Vice President; authorised by the sole director's written consent of 4 May 2007 to execute the settlement documents and signed the plea agreement and Agreed Statement of Facts as Authorized Corporate Officer", "period": "As of May 2007", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-abrams-signatory", "c-plea07-settlement-documents" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-robin-abrams--purdue-frederick--director", "from": "robin-abrams", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Director (signature block of the 2007 plea documents: \"Vice-President and Director\")", "period": "As of May 2007", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-abrams-signatory" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--purdue-frederick--party", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Alternative obligor for the financial obligations of Purdue Frederick's 2007 plea agreement, which defines the paying party as either company, including at least $5,012,722.40 of monitoring costs over 72 months for Purdue Pharma L.P.'s own Corporate Integrity Agreement; HHS-OIG described the two companies as agreeing together to pay $600 million", "period": "From May 2007 (monitoring over 72 months)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-corporate-payments", "c-plea07-cia", "c-plea07-pfc-exclusion" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-inc--purdue-frederick--controls", "from": "purdue-pharma-inc", "to": "purdue-frederick", "role": "Entirely controlled The Purdue Frederick Company, which went out of business in 2007 (allegation of the Connecticut Attorney General)", "period": "As alleged for 2007", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea07-ct-directors" ], "kind": "other" }, { "id": "r-state-of-maryland--purdue-pharma-lp--plaintiff", "from": "state-of-maryland", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Plaintiff (Consumer Protection Division administrative proceeding) against", "period": "Filed 16 May 2019; suspended under the bankruptcy injunction", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-maryland" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-state-of-maryland--sackler-family--plaintiff", "from": "state-of-maryland", "to": "sackler-family", "role": "Plaintiff (consumer-protection claim against seven family members) against", "period": "Claim asserted before September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-maryland" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-debevoise-plimpton--banela--counsel", "from": "debevoise-plimpton", "to": "banela", "role": "Counsel (attorneys for the non-party) to", "period": "As of September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-debevoise-plimpton--stanhope-gate--counsel", "from": "debevoise-plimpton", "to": "stanhope-gate", "role": "Counsel (attorneys for the non-party) to", "period": "As of September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-debevoise-plimpton--millborne-trust--counsel", "from": "debevoise-plimpton", "to": "millborne-trust", "role": "Counsel (attorneys for the non-party) to", "period": "As of September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-debevoise-plimpton--heatheridge-trust--counsel", "from": "debevoise-plimpton", "to": "heatheridge-trust", "role": "Counsel (attorneys for the non-party) to", "period": "As of September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-debevoise-plimpton--jonathan-white--counsel", "from": "debevoise-plimpton", "to": "jonathan-white", "role": "Counsel (attorneys for the non-party) to", "period": "As of September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-mckinsey--purdue-pharma-lp--consultant", "from": "mckinsey", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Management consultant to (75 U.S. engagements)", "period": "2004 – 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-mck-engagements", "c-cons-mck-2024-resolution", "c-cons-mck-stewart", "c-cons-mck-2021-resolution", "c-cons-mck-2021-ag-account", "c-cons-mck-e2e-doj", "c-cons-publicis-role" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mckinsey-us--purdue-pharma-lp--consultant", "from": "mckinsey-us", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Consultant to (U.S. subsidiary whose consultants worked on Purdue projects)", "period": "2004 – 2019 as alleged by New York; Purdue projects in 2013 – 2017 per the 2024 resolution", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-mck-us-purdue-projects", "c-cons-mck-fda-conflict", "c-cons-mck-ny-complaint", "c-cons-mck-ny-owners" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mckinsey--mckinsey-us--parent", "from": "mckinsey", "to": "mckinsey-us", "role": "Parent company of (U.S. subsidiary)", "period": "As of December 2024", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-mck-2024-resolution", "c-cons-mck-information" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-martin-elling--mckinsey--employee", "from": "martin-elling", "to": "mckinsey", "role": "Former senior partner of", "period": "Until his termination by McKinsey (date not stated); described as former in December 2024", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-mck-2024-resolution", "c-cons-elling-role", "c-cons-elling-charge" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-martin-elling--purdue-pharma-lp--consultant", "from": "martin-elling", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Director of McKinsey's client services team for about 30 engagements with", "period": "Date not stated (within McKinsey’s work for Purdue)", "status": "reported", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-elling-role" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-publicis-health--purdue-pharma-lp--contractor", "from": "publicis-health", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Advertising agency for", "period": "2010 – 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-publicis-role", "c-cons-publicis-resolution" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-cardinal-health--purdue-pharma-lp--customer", "from": "cardinal-health", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Customer of (wholesale distributor of its products)", "period": "As described in the July 2025 disclosure statement", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-distributors-sales-channel" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mckesson--purdue-pharma-lp--customer", "from": "mckesson", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Customer of (wholesale distributor of its products)", "period": "As described in the July 2025 disclosure statement", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-distributors-sales-channel" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-amerisourcebergen--purdue-pharma-lp--customer", "from": "amerisourcebergen", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Customer of (wholesale distributor of its products; now Cencora)", "period": "As described in the July 2025 disclosure statement", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-distributors-sales-channel" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-amerisourcebergen--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "amerisourcebergen", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (distributor fees, $4,485,373)", "period": "As of the petition date, 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-distributor-creditors" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mckesson--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "mckesson", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (distributor fees, $3,655,581)", "period": "As of the petition date, 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-distributor-creditors" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-cardinal-health--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "cardinal-health", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (distributor fees, $3,468,979)", "period": "As of the petition date, 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-distributor-creditors" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-rochester-drug-cooperative--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "rochester-drug-cooperative", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (claim listed for its successor, the RDC Liquidating Trust)", "period": "Date not stated (court party listing)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-rdc-creditor" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purple-strategies--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "purple-strategies", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (trade debt, $150,000)", "period": "As of the petition date, 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-creditors-purple-dezenhall" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-dezenhall-resources--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "dezenhall-resources", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (trade debt; amount not legible)", "period": "As of the petition date, 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-creditors-purple-dezenhall" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-syneos-health--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "syneos-health", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Creditor of (trade debt, $1,073,469)", "period": "As of the petition date, 15 September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-cons-creditor-syneos" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-purdue-pharma-lp--practice-fusion--payer", "from": "purdue-pharma-lp", "to": "practice-fusion", "role": "Paid Practice Fusion, an electronic health records vendor, in exchange for referring, recommending and arranging for the ordering of OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla through a sponsored 'Pain CDS' alert, conduct admitted in the 2020 plea (Count Three); the Information puts the contract in about March 2016 and the payments at about $959,700 from March to November 2016, and alleges the alert ran from July 2016 to about April 2019", "period": "2016 (admitted payments about April – December 2016; alert live until about April 2019 per the Information)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-plea20-admissions", "c-plea20-information", "c-plea20-info-practice-fusion", "c-plea20-proof-of-claim", "c-plea20-info-practice-fusion-model" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-ucc-purdue--purdue-pharma-lp--committee", "from": "ucc-purdue", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in the Chapter 11 cases (mediation party, party to the UCC Stipulation; sole standing to prosecute the estates' causes of action from November 2024) of", "period": "From 27 September 2019 (appointment); sole standing from November 2024", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-ucc", "c-ch11-mediation", "c-ch11-ucc-stipulation", "c-ch11-ucc-standing", "c-ch11-case-participants", "c-rel-2024-mediation" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-ahc--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "ahc", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Ad hoc creditor group (governmental and other contingent litigation claimants) in the Chapter 11 cases of", "period": "From September 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-creditor-groups", "c-ch11-sackler-agreement", "c-ch11-ucc-standing", "c-ch11-plan-terms", "c-rel-2024-mediation" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-msge--purdue-pharma-lp--creditor", "from": "msge", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Ad hoc creditor group of 1,317 local governmental and other entities (Multi-State Governmental Entities Group) in the Chapter 11 cases of", "period": "From October 2019", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-creditor-groups", "c-ch11-ucc", "c-ch11-mediation", "c-ch11-sackler-agreement", "c-ch11-plan-terms", "c-rel-2024-mediation" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-pharma-lp--signatory", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Settling shareholders under the pre-petition settlement framework, the 2021 Shareholder Settlement and the March 2022 term sheet (pledged $4.275 billion, then $4.325 billion, then an aggregate $5.5-6.0 billion to the estate in exchange for the Shareholder Release) with", "period": "September 2019 framework - 27 June 2024 (2021 settlement and 2022 term sheet; plan reversed by the Supreme Court)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-framework", "c-ch11-landau-framework", "c-ch11-release-condition", "c-ch11-sackler-agreement", "c-ch11-chapman-mediation", "c-ch11-shareholder-settlement", "c-ch11-nine-settlement", "c-rel-dc-holding", "c-rel-dc-objection", "c-rel-dc-release-scope", "c-rel-ca2-decision", "c-rel-ca2-bargain", "c-rel-ca2-res", "c-rel-scotus-majority", "c-rel-dissent-plan" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-pharma-lp--signatory-2", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Party (certain Sackler Parties), together with the UCC, to the UCC Stipulation (ECF No. 291: diligence materials, no action to frustrate a judgment, information on the value, location and format of assets) with", "period": "Date not stated (stipulation ECF No. 291 in case 19-23649)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-ucc-stipulation" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-pharma-lp--party-2", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Non-debtor Related Parties (family members, their trusts and entities) protected by the preliminary injunction (Adv. Pro. No. 19-08289; recognised in Canada from 30 December 2019) obtained by", "period": "From 11 October 2019 (temporary order; preliminary injunction of 6 November 2019); extended at least to 1 November 2024", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-injunction", "c-ch11-canada-recognition", "c-rel-related-parties", "c-rel-maryland-holding" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-canada--owns", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-canada", "role": "Ultimate owners, through the same entities that own the debtors (Purdue Canada is an independent associated company the Sackler Parties undertook to sell), of", "period": "As of 2021", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-iac-sale", "c-ch11-purdue-canada", "c-ch11-canadian-carveout" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-purdue-canada--purdue-pharma-lp--member", "from": "purdue-canada", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Independent associated company under the same ultimate owners as, but not a subsidiary or a debtor with,", "period": "As of 2021", "status": "documented", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-ch11-purdue-canada", "c-ch11-canadian-carveout" ], "kind": "other" }, { "id": "r-william-harrington--purdue-pharma-lp--appellant", "from": "william-harrington", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "As U.S. Trustee, Region 2, opponent of the plan's nonconsensual releases: appellant in the District Court (2021), appellee in the Second Circuit (2022-2023) and petitioner in the Supreme Court (Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 23-124) against", "period": "September 2021 - 27 June 2024", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-rel-dc-parties", "c-rel-ca2-parties", "c-rel-scotus-holding", "c-rel-scotus-indemnity-dispute" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-state-of-maryland--purdue-pharma-lp--appellant", "from": "state-of-maryland", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Appellant, with seven other states and the District of Columbia, from the 2021 confirmation order (withdrew its opposition under the term sheet approved on 10 March 2022) against", "period": "September 2021 - March 2022", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-rel-dc-parties", "c-ch11-nine-settlement" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-state-of-maryland--purdue-pharma-lp--appellant-2", "from": "state-of-maryland", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Appellant (State of Maryland v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., No. 24-Civ-7042) from the 2024 orders extending the preliminary injunction obtained by the debtors (orders affirmed on 26 November 2024) against", "period": "2024 (decided 26 November 2024)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-rel-maryland-appeal", "c-rel-maryland-holding" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-pharma-lp--beneficiary", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Family members who served as directors or officers are indemnitees (expenses, settlements, judgments and advanced defence costs; no indemnity where a final decision finds bad faith) under the 2004 Sackler-Purdue Indemnity Agreement and the limited partnership agreements of", "period": "From the end of 2004", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-rel-2004-indemnity", "c-rel-dc-indemnification", "c-rel-dissent-indemnity", "c-rel-scotus-indemnity-dispute", "c-rel-maryland-holding" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-knoa-pharma--purdue-pharma-lp--successor", "from": "knoa-pharma", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Successor to the business and substantially all operating assets of (NewCo under the confirmed plan)", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-ds-structure", "c-plan25-knoa-assets", "c-plan25-effective", "c-plan25-knoa-launch", "c-plan25-counsel-summary", "c-ch11-plan-terms" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-knoa-foundation--knoa-pharma--owns", "from": "knoa-foundation", "to": "knoa-pharma", "role": "Owns 100% of (sole owner; nonprofit 501(c)(4) foundation that oversees the company)", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-ds-structure", "c-plan25-effective", "c-plan25-knoa-launch", "c-plan25-knoa-governance", "c-plan25-counsel-summary" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-marc-kesselman--knoa-pharma--ceo", "from": "marc-kesselman", "to": "knoa-pharma", "role": "Interim President and Chief Executive Officer (pending a search for a permanent CEO)", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-ceo" ], "kind": "employs" }, { "id": "r-norbert-riedel--knoa-pharma--chair", "from": "norbert-riedel", "to": "knoa-pharma", "role": "Chair of the board of directors", "period": "From 1 May 2026; still serving per a May 2026 proxy statement", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch", "c-plan25-knoa-ceo" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-karen-griffin--knoa-pharma--director", "from": "karen-griffin", "to": "knoa-pharma", "role": "Member of the board of directors", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-patricia-lang--knoa-pharma--director", "from": "patricia-lang", "to": "knoa-pharma", "role": "Member of the board of directors (HR and compensation chair)", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-mike-mchale--knoa-pharma--director", "from": "mike-mchale", "to": "knoa-pharma", "role": "Member of the board of directors (audit chair)", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-paul-b-rothman--knoa-foundation--chair", "from": "paul-b-rothman", "to": "knoa-foundation", "role": "Chair of the Board of Trustees", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-rahul-gupta--knoa-foundation--trustee", "from": "rahul-gupta", "to": "knoa-foundation", "role": "Member of the Board of Trustees", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-david-saltzman--knoa-foundation--trustee", "from": "david-saltzman", "to": "knoa-foundation", "role": "Member of the Board of Trustees", "period": "From 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "people", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-knoa-launch" ], "kind": "directs" }, { "id": "r-plan-administration-trust--purdue-pharma-lp--administrator", "from": "plan-administration-trust", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Administers the wind-up of the Debtors' estates under the plan (files hearing agendas in the case; its trustee pays the PPLP Liquidator from the Wind-Up Reserve)", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; agendas filed for the September and October 2026 omnibus hearings", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-pat", "c-plan25-nine-trusts", "c-plan25-dissolution" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-master-disbursement-trust--purdue-pharma-lp--transferee", "from": "master-disbursement-trust", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Receives the majority of the estates' value, including the Estate Claims Settlement proceeds, for distribution to the creditor trusts", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-nine-trusts" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--purdue-pharma-lp--party", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Settling party with the Debtors under the 2025 Shareholder Settlement Agreements: the estates' claims (and opted-in direct claims) are released in exchange for the family-side payments", "period": "Agreed in 2025; confirmed 18 November 2025; effective 1 May 2026", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-shareholder-settlement", "c-plan25-releases", "c-plan25-optin-mechanics", "c-plan25-settlement-rationale", "c-plan25-nyag-payments", "c-plan25-delaware-ag", "c-plan25-press-2025" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-sackler-family--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "sackler-family", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Owes, through its payment parties, up to about $7 billion over fifteen years (plus up to $500 million contingent on IAC sales) under the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-funding", "c-plan25-nine-trusts", "c-plan25-group8" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-theresa-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "theresa-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Settlement obligor: third-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Group 1 and fourth-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Groups 5 to 7", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-a" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-kathe-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "kathe-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Settlement obligor: third-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Group 2", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-a" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-ilene-sackler-lefcourt--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Settlement obligor: third-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Group 3", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-a" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-mortimer-da-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "mortimer-da-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Settlement obligor: third-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Group 4", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-a" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-samantha-sackler-hunt--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "samantha-sackler-hunt", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Settlement obligor: third-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Group 8 (the group's $345 million obligation is prepayable at its agreed present value)", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-a", "c-plan25-group8" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Settlement obligor and individual pledgor under Annex G (credit support for the Richard Sackler family Payment Group, B-Side Payment Group 1; \"naked pledge\" in favour of the MDT)", "period": "From the settlement effective date (Annex G filed 1 May 2026); listed in Group 1 in the November 2025 draft", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "current", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-annex-g-pledge", "c-plan25-payment-groups-b" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-david-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "david-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Listed as a payment party of B-Side Payment Group 1", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-b" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-beverly-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "beverly-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Estate of Beverly Sackler listed as a payment party of both B-Side Payment Groups", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-b" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-jonathan-sackler--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "jonathan-sackler", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Estate of Jonathan D. Sackler listed as a payment party of B-Side Payment Group 2", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-b" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-rosebay-medical-inc--master-disbursement-trust--payer", "from": "rosebay-medical-inc", "to": "master-disbursement-trust", "role": "Listed as a payment party of both B-Side Payment Groups", "period": "From the 1 May 2026 effective date; payments over fifteen years (payment groups per the November 2025 draft Exhibit A)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-payment-groups-b" ], "kind": "pays" }, { "id": "r-norton-rose-fulbright--purdue-pharma-lp--counsel", "from": "norton-rose-fulbright", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Legal counsel to the Debtors (also listed as counsel to Shareholder Released Parties)", "period": "Date not stated (listed in Exhibit X filed 1 May 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-service-providers" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-avrio-health--pra-lp--licensee", "from": "avrio-health", "to": "pra-lp", "role": "Licensee of Senokot- and Betadine-branded over-the-counter product rights (licenses to be terminated and the IP assigned to Avrio as a condition of the initial shareholder settlement)", "period": "Date not stated (before the initial settlement agreement)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "business", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-avrio-pra" ], "kind": "business" }, { "id": "r-mark-timney--purdue-pharma-lp--party", "from": "mark-timney", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Party, with the Debtors, to the stipulation in connection with the plan (D.I. 7948), approved in the Confirmation Order", "period": "Entered as of 6 October 2025; approved 18 November 2025", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-timney-stewart" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-john-stewart--purdue-pharma-lp--party", "from": "john-stewart", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Party, with the Debtors, to the stipulation in connection with the plan (D.I. 7948), approved in the Confirmation Order", "period": "Entered as of 6 October 2025; approved 18 November 2025", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-timney-stewart" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-baltimore-city--purdue-pharma-lp--party", "from": "baltimore-city", "to": "purdue-pharma-lp", "role": "Party, with the Debtors, to the Baltimore Stipulation (D.I. 8134) resolving Baltimore's objection to the plan", "period": "Entered as of 3 November 2025; approved 18 November 2025", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-plan25-baltimore" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-frank-s-vellucci--richard-sackler--party", "from": "frank-s-vellucci", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Movant against, in the motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation (ECF No. 9189), granted in full", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-daniel-s-connolly--richard-sackler--party", "from": "daniel-s-connolly", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Movant against, in the motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation (ECF No. 9189), granted in full", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-rory-held--richard-sackler--party", "from": "rory-held", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Movant against, in the motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation (ECF No. 9189), granted in full", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-frank-s-vellucci--lin-gao--party", "from": "frank-s-vellucci", "to": "lin-gao", "role": "Movant against, in the motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation (ECF No. 9189), granted in full", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-daniel-s-connolly--lin-gao--party", "from": "daniel-s-connolly", "to": "lin-gao", "role": "Movant against, in the motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation (ECF No. 9189), granted in full", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-rory-held--lin-gao--party", "from": "rory-held", "to": "lin-gao", "role": "Movant against, in the motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation (ECF No. 9189), granted in full", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-master-disbursement-trust--richard-sackler--party", "from": "master-disbursement-trust", "to": "richard-sackler", "role": "Joined the Side B Trustees' motion to enforce the Confirmation Order against (fees and costs awardable on application)", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-master-disbursement-trust--lin-gao--party", "from": "master-disbursement-trust", "to": "lin-gao", "role": "Joined the Side B Trustees' motion to enforce the Confirmation Order against (fees and costs awardable on application)", "period": "Filed after the 1 May 2026 effective date; granted 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "historical", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-side-b-motion", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--data-llc--plaintiff", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "data-llc", "role": "Petitioner (with Lin Gao) in a Wyoming state-court petition seeking an accounting and income distributions from four pledged trusts of which Data LLC is trustee; held by the Bankruptcy Court to breach the settlement", "period": "Filed days after the 1 May 2026 effective date; found in breach 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-interference-actions", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-lin-gao--data-llc--plaintiff", "from": "lin-gao", "to": "data-llc", "role": "Petitioner (with Richard Sackler) in a Wyoming state-court petition seeking an accounting and income distributions from four pledged trusts of which Data LLC is trustee; held by the Bankruptcy Court to breach the settlement", "period": "Filed days after the 1 May 2026 effective date; found in breach 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-interference-actions", "c-enf-breach-ruling" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--arit-investment-holdings--plaintiff", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "arit-investment-holdings", "role": "Brought (with Lin Gao) a new civil action against, noticed by a lis pendens on property of a pledged Side B trust; held by the Bankruptcy Court to breach the settlement", "period": "Filed days after the 1 May 2026 effective date; found in breach 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-interference-actions" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-lin-gao--arit-investment-holdings--plaintiff", "from": "lin-gao", "to": "arit-investment-holdings", "role": "Brought (with Richard Sackler) a new civil action against, noticed by a lis pendens on property of a pledged Side B trust; held by the Bankruptcy Court to breach the settlement", "period": "Filed days after the 1 May 2026 effective date; found in breach 21 August 2026 (written ruling 8 October 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "legal", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-interference-actions" ], "kind": "legal" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--absg-llc--owns", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "absg-llc", "role": "Owns the equity of (his Personal Limited Liability Company under Annex G; 100% of the equity pledged to the MDT)", "period": "As of the settlement effective date (Annex G filed 1 May 2026)", "status": "documented", "direction": "directed", "role_group": "ownership", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-annex-g-pledge", "c-enf-annex-g-conditions", "c-enf-annex-g-related-parties" ], "kind": "owns" }, { "id": "r-richard-sackler--lin-gao--spouse", "from": "richard-sackler", "to": "lin-gao", "role": "Spouses", "period": "Date not stated (reported in October 2026)", "status": "reported", "direction": "undirected", "role_group": "associations", "temporal_status": "unknown", "claim_ids": [ "c-enf-press-report" ], "kind": "family" } ], "history": [], "claims": [ { "id": "c-id-petition", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P.'s voluntary Chapter 11 petition (Official Form 201), filed in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on September 15, 2019, gives the debtor's name as Purdue Pharma L.P. and its federal Employer Identification Number as 06-1307484; in the retained text the field for other names used in the previous eight years is blank. The petition gives the principal place of business as One Stamford Forum, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06901 (Fairfield County), the website www.purduepharma.com, the type of debtor as a partnership (excluding LLP) and NAICS code 3254.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-id-ppi", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI) is a New York corporation. Its Secretary, Marc L. Kesselman, who signed as Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary, certified that the resolutions attached to the bankruptcy petition were approved by PPI's Board of Directors on September 15, 2019.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "c-id-formation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement for the Thirteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan, dated July 1, 2025, states that Purdue Pharma L.P. was formed on June 12, 1991 as a Delaware limited partnership and has since been treated as a pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, so that it was not itself subject to federal income tax and its taxable income was reportable by its owners (the Disclosure Statement says 'shareholders').", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-id-formation-ocr", "kind": "unresolved", "text": "The OCR text of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s 2003 application by a foreign limited partnership for authorization to transact business in Florida, held in the Florida Division of Corporations' records, gives Delaware as the state of formation and reads the date-of-formation field as 'June 14, 1999' (rendered 'dune 14, 1999'). This differs from the formation date of June 12, 1991 stated in the debtors' Disclosure Statement.", "qualification": "The scanned application is of poor recognition quality and the OCR reading has not been checked against the image or against a Delaware record. The debtors' own 2025 court filing (June 12, 1991) is the better-supported date, but the retained records do not resolve the discrepancy.", "response": "The debtors' own July 2025 Disclosure Statement gives June 12, 1991 as the formation date; no retained record repeats the 1999 reading.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-110", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-id-florida-2003", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same 2003 Florida application names Purdue Pharma Inc., One Stamford Forum, Stamford, Connecticut, as the only general partner of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Corporation Service Company as its Florida registered agent. The application and an accompanying affidavit of capital contributions were signed in October 2003 for Purdue Pharma Inc., as general partner, by Stuart D. Baker, Executive Vice President, Counsel to the Board and Secretary. The affidavit gives the limited partners' capital contributions as '$ 287.280, 567' in the OCR text (roughly 287 million dollars) and the contributions anticipated to be allocated to transacting business in Florida as $2,867,922.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-110" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "stuart-baker" ] }, { "id": "c-id-florida-cards", "kind": "fact", "text": "In records retrieved in October 2026, the Florida Division of Corporations lists PURDUE PHARMA L.P. as a foreign limited partnership of Delaware (document number B03000000381) and PURDUE PHARMA INC. as a foreign profit corporation of New York (document number F03000005558), both filed on November 6, 2003. Both records are inactive: the partnership's last event is an LP Notice of Cancellation and the corporation's a withdrawal, each filed on October 1, 2026. Both give 201 Tresser Blvd, One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901 as principal address and C T Corporation System as registered agent, and the partnership's record names Purdue Pharma, Inc. (F03000005558) as its general partner.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-103", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-id-ein-discrepancy", "kind": "unresolved", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P.'s own Chapter 11 petition states its federal Employer Identification Number as 06-1307484, and the debtors' list of registration numbers gives 7484 as the last four digits for Purdue Pharma L.P. and 7486 for Purdue Pharma Inc. The Florida registry record of Purdue Pharma L.P. (B03000000381), however, shows FEI/EIN 06-1307486, the same number that appears on the Florida record of its general partner Purdue Pharma Inc. (F03000005558).", "qualification": "The petition filed by the partnership itself is the primary statement of its own EIN. The Florida partnership record appears to carry the general partner's number, but no retained record explains the entry, so both numbers are reported with their sources.", "response": "The debtors' own lists of registration numbers, in the first-day papers and again in the July 2025 Disclosure Statement and the Confirmation Order, consistently give 7484 for Purdue Pharma L.P. and 7486 for Purdue Pharma Inc.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-103", "src-015", "src-039", "src-001", "src-102", "src-016" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-id-debtor-list", "kind": "fact", "text": "The first-day declaration of Jon Lowne, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Purdue Pharma L.P., filed in support of the debtors' Chapter 11 petitions, lists the debtors with the last four digits of each debtor's registration number in its jurisdiction: Purdue Pharma L.P. (7484), Purdue Pharma Inc. (7486), Purdue Transdermal Technologies L.P. (1868), Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. (3821), Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. (0034), Imbrium Therapeutics L.P. (8810), Adlon Therapeutics L.P. (6745), Greenfield BioVentures L.P. (6150), Seven Seas Hill Corp. (4591), Ophir Green Corp. (4594), Purdue Pharma of Puerto Rico (3925), Avrio Health L.P. (4140), Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. (3902), Purdue Neuroscience Company (4712), Nayatt Cove Lifescience Inc. (7805), Button Land L.P. (7502), Rhodes Associates L.P. (none given, 'N/A'), Paul Land Inc. (7425), Quidnick Land L.P. (7584), Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. (6166), Rhodes Technologies (7143), UDF L.P. (0495), SVC Pharma L.P. (5717) and SVC Pharma Inc. (4014). It gives the debtors' corporate headquarters as One Stamford Forum, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06901.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-016" ], "entity_ids": [ "jon-lowne", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "imbrium-therapeutics", "adlon-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-pharma-puerto-rico", "avrio-health", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "button-land", "rhodes-associates", "paul-land", "quidnick-land", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-lp", "svc-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-id-case-numbers", "kind": "fact", "text": "The United States' proof of claim, dated July 30, 2020, in the jointly administered cases (lead case No. 19-23649 (RDD), S.D.N.Y.) identifies the debtors, all with corporate headquarters at One Stamford Forum, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06901, by legal form and case number: Purdue Pharma L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (No. 19-23649); Purdue Pharma Inc., a New York corporation (No. 19-23648); the Delaware limited partnerships Purdue Transdermal Technologies L.P. (No. 19-23650), Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. (No. 19-23651), Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. (No. 19-23652), Imbrium Therapeutics L.P. (No. 19-23653), Adlon Therapeutics L.P. (No. 19-23654) and Greenfield BioVentures L.P. (No. 19-23655); Seven Seas Hill Corp., described as a British Virgin Islands limited partnership (No. 19-23656); Ophir Green Corp., a British Virgin Islands corporation (No. 19-23657); Purdue Pharma of Puerto Rico, a Delaware general partnership (No. 19-23658); the Delaware limited partnerships Avrio Health L.P. (No. 19-23659) and Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. (No. 19-23660); Purdue Neuroscience Company, a Delaware general partnership (No. 19-23661); Nayatt Cove Lifescience Inc., a Delaware corporation (No. 19-23662); the Delaware limited partnerships Button Land L.P. (No. 19-23663), Quidnick Land L.P. (No. 19-23665) and Rhodes Associates L.P. (No. 19-23666); Paul Land Inc., a New York corporation (No. 19-23664); Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (No. 19-23667); Rhodes Technologies, a Delaware general partnership (No. 19-23668); the Delaware limited partnerships UDF L.P. (No. 19-23669) and SVC Pharma L.P. (No. 19-23670); and SVC Pharma Inc., a Delaware corporation (No. 19-23671). The claim states that all debtors filed voluntary petitions on September 15, 2019. The court-appointed claims agent's case website lists the same case numbers and shows case No. 19-23659 under the name Purdue Products L.P. (f/k/a Avrio Health L.P.).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-038", "src-096" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "imbrium-therapeutics", "adlon-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-pharma-puerto-rico", "avrio-health", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "button-land", "quidnick-land", "rhodes-associates", "paul-land", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-lp", "svc-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-id-avrio-renamed", "kind": "fact", "text": "By 2025 the debtor Avrio Health L.P. appeared under the name Purdue Products L.P. The Bankruptcy Court's order confirming the Eighteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan (Doc 8263, filed November 18, 2025) lists 'Purdue Products L.P. (f/k/a Avrio Health L.P.)' among the debtors, and the debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 1, 2025 lists Purdue Products L.P. with the registration-number ending 4140 that the first-day debtor list gave for Avrio Health L.P. Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. (3902) remains a separate debtor in both lists.", "qualification": "The same Disclosure Statement, in its section on governance changes, calls Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. 'formerly known as Avrio Health L.P.'; that wording conflicts with the Disclosure Statement's own debtor list and with the Confirmation Order, which keep the two entities separate.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-015", "src-016" ], "entity_ids": [ "avrio-health", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-id-predecessor", "kind": "fact", "text": "A settlement agreement dated as of August 28, 2006 between the Purdue companies and the Endo companies, filed on the SEC's EDGAR system as Exhibit 99.1, names Purdue Pharma L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, 'on its own behalf and as successor in interest to The Purdue Pharma Company, a Delaware general partnership'. The other 'Purdue Companies' party to it are The Purdue Frederick Company Inc. d/b/a The Purdue Frederick Company, a New York corporation, The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., a New Jersey corporation, and Euro-Celtique S.A., a Luxembourg company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-046" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "euro-celtique", "endo-pharmaceuticals" ] }, { "id": "c-id-ppi-ct-aggregator", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An undated business-profile aggregator page reproducing Connecticut registry data lists PURDUE PHARMA INC. as registered in Connecticut under the identifier CT-0265632, with Prentice Hall Corporation System as registered agent, and names Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Beverly Sackler, Cecil B. Pickett and David A. Sackler among its directors, without dates of service.", "qualification": "The page is a commercial aggregator's undated copy of registry data, not the Connecticut registry itself; it gives no appointment or cessation dates, so the officer entries may be historical and have not been checked against the state record.", "response": "Official records confirm several of the listed directors: the United States' October 2020 settlement with the Named Sacklers gives the Purdue Pharma Inc. board tenures of David A. Sackler (7/19/2012 – 8/14/2018), Ilene Sackler Lefcourt (10/2/1990 – 2/4/2005; 5/16/2008 – 10/9/2018) and Beverly Sackler (approximately 1993 – 10/2017), and Purdue Pharma Inc.'s Florida registry record, retrieved in October 2026, lists Cecil Pickett as a director.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-026", "src-004", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "cecil-pickett", "david-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-gp", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI), a New York corporation, was the general partner of Purdue Pharma L.P. In the resolutions its Board of Directors adopted on September 15, 2019 to commence the bankruptcy cases, PPI recites that it is the general partner of Purdue Pharma L.P. and the general partner or managing general partner of each entity listed on Schedule 1A to the resolutions, and that Purdue Pharma L.P. is a limited partner or partner of each Schedule 1A entity other than Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., Rhodes Technologies and UDF L.P. The District Court's decision of December 16, 2021 likewise records that PPI, also headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, is Purdue Pharma L.P.'s general partner and that PPI's board of directors manages Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-pra-pplp", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Consolidated Corporate Ownership Statement, filed with the petitions of September 15, 2019, records that the non-debtor Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (PRA) directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of Purdue Pharma L.P., and that to the best of the debtors' knowledge no other person or entity directly or indirectly owns 10% or more of those interests. PRA was formerly named Purdue Holdings L.P. The District Court's decision of December 16, 2021 likewise describes Purdue Pharma L.P. as wholly owned by PRA, a Delaware limited partnership that is not a debtor.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "pra-lp", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-plp-pra", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtor PLP Associates Holdings L.P. directly owns approximately 99.5061% of the ownership interests of Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P.; it does not identify the holder of the remaining interest.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "plp-associates-lp", "pra-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-brh-plp", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtor BR Holdings Associates L.P. directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of PLP Associates Holdings L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "br-holdings-lp", "plp-associates-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-beacon-rosebay-brh", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtors Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. each directly own 50% of the ownership interests of BR Holdings Associates L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "br-holdings-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-heatheridge-beacon", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtor Heatheridge Trust Company Limited, as Trustee under a Settlement dated 31 December 1993, directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of Beacon Company. The United States' settlement agreement of October 2020 with the Named Sacklers lists the same trustee among the released Purdue Parent Entities and describes the Settlement as 'F.B.O. the issue of Mortimer D. Sackler M.D., Theresa E. Sackler and certain charitable objects'.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "heatheridge-trust", "beacon-company", "theresa-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-rosebay-trustees", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that Richard S. Sackler, M.D. and Jonathan D. Sackler, as Trustees under a Trust Agreement dated November 5, 1974, directly own 98% of the ownership interests of Rosebay Medical Company L.P.; it does not identify the holder of the remaining interest.", "qualification": "The District Court's decision of 26 November 2024 on the preliminary-injunction extensions lists, among the related parties covered by the injunction (Second Amended Order dated November 6, 2019), Beverly Sackler, Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler as Trustees Under Trust Agreement Dated November 5, 1974; the ownership statement names only Richard and Jonathan.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "rosebay-medical-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-court-chain", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's decision of December 16, 2021 states that PRA is 99.5% owned, in equal parts, by the non-debtors Beacon Company, a Delaware general partnership, and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which are in turn owned by trusts established for the benefit of the Sackler families, and that Beacon is the partnership of Side A of the Sackler family and Rosebay the partnership of Side B. The decision defines the Sackler family as the Mortimer D. Sackler family (Side A) and the Raymond R. Sackler family (Side B). The debtors' 2019 ownership statement shows that these holdings run indirectly: PLP Associates Holdings L.P. owns about 99.5061% of PRA, BR Holdings Associates L.P. owns all of PLP Associates Holdings L.P., and Beacon and Rosebay each own 50% of BR Holdings Associates L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "pra-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "plp-associates-lp", "br-holdings-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-ppi-shareholders", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' 2019 ownership statement records that the non-debtor Banela Corporation directly owns 50% of the ownership interests of Purdue Pharma Inc., and the non-debtors Linarite Holdings LLC and Perthlite Holdings LLC each directly own 25%; to the best of the debtors' knowledge no other person or entity directly or indirectly owns 10% or more of PPI.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "linarite", "perthlite", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-own-millborne-banela", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtor Millborne Trust Company Limited, as Trustee of the Hercules Trust under a Declaration of Trust dated 2 March 1999, directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of Banela Corporation. The United States' October 2020 settlement agreement with the Named Sacklers lists Millborne in that capacity among the released Purdue Parent Entities and describes the Hercules Trust as 'F.B.O. Theresa E. Sackler, the issue of Mortimer D. Sackler, M.D. and certain charitable objects'.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "millborne-trust", "banela", "theresa-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-data-linarite", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtor Data LLC, as Trustee under a Trust Agreement dated December 23, 1989, directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of Linarite Holdings LLC. The United States' October 2020 settlement agreement lists Data LLC among the released Purdue Parent Entities as trustee of the Raymond R. Sackler Trust 1 dated 12/23/89 ('RSS 1989 Captain Trust A') and the Raymond R. Sackler Trust 1B dated 12/23/89 ('RSS 1989 Captain Trust B'); the records do not state which of these trusts holds Linarite.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "data-llc", "linarite" ] }, { "id": "c-own-cornice-perthlite", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same ownership statement records that the non-debtor Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC (rendered 'Comice' in the OCR text), as Trustee under a Trust Agreement dated December 23, 1989, directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of Perthlite Holdings LLC. The United States' October 2020 settlement agreement lists Cornice among the released Purdue Parent Entities as trustee of the AJ Irrevocable Trust and of the Raymond R. Sackler Trust 2 and Trust 2B, both dated 12/23/89 ('JDS 1989 Captain Trust A' and 'JDS 1989 Captain Trust B'); the records do not state which trust holds Perthlite.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "cornice-fiduciary", "perthlite" ] }, { "id": "c-own-74a-trust", "kind": "fact", "text": "The United States' October 2020 settlement agreement also lists among the released Purdue Parent Entities Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc., as Trustee of Trust U/A 11/5/74 fbo Beverly Sackler ('74A Trust'), and Exhibit X to the plan's shareholder settlement describes the Trust U/A 11/5/74 fbo Beverly Sackler as an RRS Family trust indirectly owning Purdue.", "qualification": "The trust date matches the Trust Agreement dated November 5, 1974 under which Richard S. and Jonathan D. Sackler, as trustees, held 98% of Rosebay Medical Company L.P. at the September 15, 2019 petition date, but no retained record states that it is the same trust or when, if ever, its trusteeship passed to Cedar Cliff.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-001", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "beverly-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-rrs-trusts", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X ('Certain Shareholder Released Parties') describes five trusts as an 'RRS Family trust indirectly owning Purdue': the Trust U/A 11/5/74 fbo Beverly Sackler and the Raymond R. Sackler Trusts 1, 1B, 2 and 2B, each dated 12/23/89. It lists many other Raymond Sackler family trusts without that description.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "beverly-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-beneficiaries", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the recitals of their October 2020 settlement agreement, the United States and Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler (the 'Named Sacklers') state that the Named Sacklers are beneficiaries of trusts that indirectly own Purdue Pharma L.P., a Delaware limited partnership headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut; for that recital the term includes Jonathan Sackler himself rather than his estate.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-doj-addendum-a", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Addendum A to the same settlement agreement, which sets out the conduct on which the United States bases its civil claims against the Named Sacklers, states that Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliates are owned by trusts for the benefit of the Sackler family, that Purdue was owned (through trusts) and controlled by the Sackler family, and that from at least 1996 through 2018 members of the family served at various points as directors, officers, consultants and employees of Purdue and in those roles directed and oversaw Purdue's development, manufacture, marketing, promotion, sales and distribution of opioids, including OxyContin.", "qualification": "Addendum A describes the conduct the United States alleged. The agreement states that it is neither an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers nor a concession by the United States that its claims are not well founded; ownership through trusts is not disputed elsewhere in the record, but the statements on control and direction are allegations.", "response": "The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct.", "outcome": "Under the agreement the Named Sacklers agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest. The Justice Department described the payment as resolving the family's civil False Claims Act liability and stated that the resolutions did not include a criminal release of any individual; the debtors' Disclosure Statement records the $225 million as already paid directly to the DOJ outside the plan.", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-045", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-parent-entities", "kind": "fact", "text": "Both the United States' October 2020 settlement agreement (Addendum C) and Exhibit X list 'Purdue Parent Entities' released under the respective settlements. Exhibit X's A-side list names Banela Corporation, Beacon Company, BR Holdings Associates Inc. and BR Holdings Associates L.P., Heatheridge Trust Company Limited and Millborne Trust Company Limited as trustees of the 1993 Settlement and the Hercules Trust, Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (formerly Purdue Holdings L.P.), PLP Associates Holdings Inc. and PLP Associates Holdings L.P., and Stanhope Gate Corp. Addendum C's list also includes Purdue Pharma Inc., Linarite Holdings LLC, Perthlite Holdings LLC, Moonstone Holdings LLC, Roselite Holdings LLC, Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., and the trustees Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc., Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC and Data LLC, among others.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "beacon-company", "br-holdings-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "heatheridge-trust", "millborne-trust", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "stanhope-gate", "purdue-pharma-inc", "linarite", "perthlite", "moonstone-holdings", "roselite-holdings", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "cornice-fiduciary", "data-llc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-banela-rogatory", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A letter rogatory filed on September 13, 2019 by the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Suffolk (Commercial Division), at the request of the State of New York in its opioid suit against Purdue Pharma L.P., members of the Sackler family and others, to obtain documents from Banela Corporation in the British Virgin Islands, describes Banela Corporation, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, as the sole owner of all Class A shares of Purdue Pharma Inc. for the benefit of Mortimer Sackler's family. It also describes Banela as a partial owner of BR Holdings Associates, Inc., which it calls the general partner of Pharmaceutical Research Associates, L.P. (formerly Purdue Holdings, L.P.), and of PLP Associates Holdings, Inc., the general partner of PLP Associates Holdings L.P.", "qualification": "The description was drawn up on the State's application in contested litigation and is not a finding on ownership. It is consistent with the debtors' own statement that Banela owns 50% of PPI, which does not mention share classes; the State of Connecticut's complaint, however, names Purdue Pharma Inc., not BR Holdings Associates, Inc., as general partner of Purdue Holdings L.P., and the retained records do not resolve which entity is PRA's general partner.", "response": "No statement by Banela Corporation is in the retained record; the letter rogatory's service list names Debevoise & Plimpton LLP as attorneys for Banela Corporation, together with Stillwater Holdings LLC, Stanhope Gate Corporation, Millborne Trust Company Limited, Heatheridge Trust Company Limited and Jonathan G. White.", "outcome": "The Bankruptcy Court's injunction of 11 October 2019 halted the Suffolk County litigation against Purdue and the non-debtor related parties. Banela Corporation is among the Purdue Parent Entities released from the United States' civil claims in the October 2020 settlement with the Named Sacklers, and it is listed among the Purdue Parent Entities in Exhibit X to the confirmed plan's shareholder settlement.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003", "src-004", "src-058", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "purdue-pharma-inc", "br-holdings-inc", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-banela-conduit", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In the same letter rogatory the State of New York is recorded as having identified the nonparty Banela Corporation as an entity controlled directly or indirectly by the Sackler Defendants that it had reason to believe served as a conduit of monies or intermediary between or among the defendants. The court found that Banela was likely to have knowledge or documents related to the State's claims and asked the British Virgin Islands authorities to have Banela produce documents held at its office in Road Town, Tortola.", "qualification": "The conduit description is the State's belief stated in support of a discovery request, not a finding; the court's own finding was limited to Banela being likely to hold relevant information.", "response": "No statement by Banela Corporation is in the retained record; the letter rogatory's service list names Debevoise & Plimpton LLP as attorneys for Banela Corporation, together with Stillwater Holdings LLC, Stanhope Gate Corporation, Millborne Trust Company Limited, Heatheridge Trust Company Limited and Jonathan G. White.", "outcome": "The Bankruptcy Court's injunction of 11 October 2019 halted the Suffolk County litigation against Purdue and the non-debtor related parties. Banela Corporation is among the Purdue Parent Entities released from the United States' civil claims in the October 2020 settlement with the Named Sacklers, and it is listed among the Purdue Parent Entities in Exhibit X to the confirmed plan's shareholder settlement.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003", "src-004", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela" ] }, { "id": "c-own-ny-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of New York's First Amended Complaint, filed as an exhibit to the letter rogatory, describes Purdue Pharma Inc. as the general partner of, and the entity that ultimately controls, Purdue Pharma L.P.; Purdue Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (now Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P.), as wholly owning the limited partnership interest in Purdue Pharma L.P.; PLP Associates Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as a limited partner of Purdue Holdings L.P. whose partners are PLP Associates Holdings Inc. and BR Holdings Associates L.P.; Rosebay Medical Company L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as ultimately owned by trusts for the benefit of one or more of the individual defendants, with Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. as its general partner and Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler among that company's directors; and Beacon Company, a Delaware general partnership, as ultimately owned by trusts for the benefit of members of one or more of the individual defendants.", "qualification": "These are allegations in the State's complaint. The complaint pleads that the individual defendants used these entities as vehicles to transfer funds from Purdue directly or indirectly to themselves; that allegation was not adjudicated in the retained records. The ownership descriptions are broadly consistent with the debtors' ownership statement and with SEC filings on Rosebay's general partner.", "response": "The complaint as reproduced with the letter rogatory carries the note that no answers had been filed in the proceeding to date; no answer by the defendants is in the retained record.", "outcome": "The Suffolk County case was not tried: on 11 October 2019, after the bankruptcy filings, the Bankruptcy Court temporarily halted all such litigation and then enjoined actions against Purdue and non-debtor related parties, including members of the Sackler family; the related parties covered include Beverly, Richard and Jonathan Sackler as trustees under the Trust Agreement dated November 5, 1974. Exhibit X to the confirmed plan's shareholder settlement lists PRA, the PLP Associates Holdings and BR Holdings Associates entities, Beacon Company and the Rosebay entities among the Shareholder Released Parties.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003", "src-078", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "beacon-company" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-ct-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of Connecticut's amended complaint of May 6, 2019 against Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., members of the Sackler family and other individuals alleges that Purdue Pharma Inc. controlled Purdue Pharma L.P. as its general partner and is liable for the partnership's misconduct as a matter of law; that the directors and CEO of Purdue Pharma Inc. controlled Purdue Pharma L.P. and the two companies had the same CEO; that Purdue Pharma Inc. is also the general partner of Purdue Holdings L.P., which holds the limited partnership interest in Purdue Pharma L.P.; and that Purdue Pharma L.P. employed the sales representatives and paid the doctors who promoted Purdue's drugs.", "qualification": "Allegations in the State of Connecticut's complaint; liability was not adjudicated in the retained records. The statement that Purdue Pharma Inc. is general partner of Purdue Holdings L.P. differs from the New York letter rogatory, which names BR Holdings Associates, Inc. as general partner of that partnership (PRA); the retained records do not resolve the point.", "response": "", "outcome": "Connecticut's suit was halted by the Bankruptcy Court's injunction of October–November 2019 covering Purdue and non-debtor related parties. In 2022 Connecticut was among the eight states and the District of Columbia that, with the debtors and the Sacklers, filed a revised settlement providing additional Sackler contributions and withdrew their opposition to the plan, including the shareholder releases.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-doj-claim", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In its proof of claim of July 30, 2020 the United States asserts that PRA LP, the parent company of Purdue, is not a party to the bankruptcy and is ultimately owned and controlled by other entities owned and controlled by or for the benefit of the Sacklers, and that the Sackler family owns and controls PRA LP and the PLP Associates Holdings and BR Holdings Associates entities.", "qualification": "Assertions in a creditor's proof of claim. The ownership element is consistent with the debtors' own ownership statement; the assertion of control by the family was not adjudicated in the retained records.", "response": "", "outcome": "On October 21, 2020 the Justice Department announced resolutions in which Purdue agreed to a $2.8 billion civil settlement of its False Claims Act liability and the Sackler family separately agreed to pay $225 million to resolve its civil False Claims Act liability; the proof of claim's assertion of family ownership and control was not adjudicated.", "source_ids": [ "src-038", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "br-holdings-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-own-gp-termination", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 1, 2025 states that, as part of governance changes made before the September 15, 2019 petition date, all general partnership relationships between debtor and non-debtor entities were terminated: Purdue Pharma Inc. was removed as general partner of certain non-debtor entities and replaced certain non-debtor entities as general partner of the debtors Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. and Purdue Neuroscience Company, so that all of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s subsidiaries were directly or indirectly effectively managed by PPI from the petition date. Officers or employees of Purdue Pharma L.P. who were also directors, officers or employees of the independent associated companies (IACs) resigned one of the roles, so that none held both on the petition date or during the cases.", "qualification": "The Disclosure Statement here calls Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. 'formerly known as Avrio Health L.P.', which conflicts with its own debtor list and the Confirmation Order, where Avrio Health L.P. became Purdue Products L.P. and Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. is a separate debtor. The non-debtor entities whose general partnership ended are not named.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience" ] }, { "id": "c-own-iac-sides", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same Disclosure Statement, describing the Special Committee's assessment, states that the independent associated companies (IACs) are owned equally by the A-Side and B-Side families. It describes the B-Side wealth as concentrated in a number of trusts and companies in the United States and names Richard, Jonathan (now deceased) and David Sackler as historical members of the Board (which the Disclosure Statement defines as the board of directors of Purdue Pharma Inc.) from the B-Side; it describes the A-Side wealth as overwhelmingly in foreign jurisdictions and dispersed across family units, companies and dozens of trusts, and names Theresa, Kathe, Mortimer D.A. and Ilene Sackler and Samantha Hunt as A-Side members who participated in the governance of Purdue Pharma, while other family members had no direct role in managing the debtors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "david-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-own-stanhope-2010", "kind": "fact", "text": "A Novelos Therapeutics, Inc. resale prospectus dated May 3, 2010, filed with the SEC, states that voting and investment control over Beacon Company's holdings lay with Jonathan G. White, Joerg Fischer and Steven Meiklejohn as directors of Stanhope Gate Corp., the managing general partner of Beacon Company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "stanhope-gate", "beacon-company", "jonathan-white", "joerg-fischer", "steven-meiklejohn" ] }, { "id": "c-own-beacon-trust-2010", "kind": "fact", "text": "Besides the directors of Stanhope Gate Corp., Beacon Company's managing general partner, the same prospectus names Jonathan G. White, Joerg Fischer, Stuart D. Baker, Christopher B. Mitchell, Leslie J. Schreyer and Charles G. Lubar, as directors of Beacon Trust Company Ltd., as also holding voting and investment control over Beacon Company's holdings, Beacon Trust Company Ltd. acting as trustee of the Beacon Trust, which is the general partner of Beacon Company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "beacon-trust", "beacon-company", "stanhope-gate", "jonathan-white", "joerg-fischer", "stuart-baker", "christopher-mitchell", "leslie-schreyer", "charles-lubar" ] }, { "id": "c-own-stanhope-2017", "kind": "fact", "text": "A Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. resale prospectus dated February 13, 2017, filed with the SEC, states that the board of directors of Stanhope Gate Corp., the managing general partner of Beacon Company, has the power to vote or dispose of the securities held by Beacon Company, and that its board members are Joerg Fischer, Jonathan G. White and Philip J. Le Cornu.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-073" ], "entity_ids": [ "stanhope-gate", "beacon-company", "joerg-fischer", "jonathan-white", "philip-le-cornu" ] }, { "id": "c-own-rosebay-gp-2010", "kind": "fact", "text": "The May 3, 2010 Novelos prospectus states that voting and investment control over Rosebay Medical Company L.P.'s holdings lay with Dr. Richard S. Sackler, Jonathan D. Sackler and Stephen A. Ives as directors and/or officers of Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., the general partner of Rosebay Medical Company L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosebay-medical-inc", "rosebay-medical-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "stephen-ives" ] }, { "id": "c-own-rosebay-gp-2017", "kind": "fact", "text": "The February 13, 2017 Celldex prospectus states that the board of directors of Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., the general partner of Rosebay Medical Company L.P., has the power to vote or dispose of the securities held by Rosebay Medical Company L.P., and that its board members are Richard S. Sackler, M.D. and Jonathan D. Sackler.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-073" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosebay-medical-inc", "rosebay-medical-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-definitions", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X ('Certain Shareholder Released Parties'), filed on the bankruptcy docket as part of Doc 9132, divides the released shareholder parties by family, under the headings 'Certain A-Side Release Parties' and 'Certain B-Side Released Parties'. It defines a 'II-way entity' as one directly or indirectly owned by persons or trusts associated with both the Raymond Sackler family (the 'RRS Family') and the Mortimer Sackler family (the 'MDS Family'), with equal interests associated with each family, and an 'I-way entity' as one directly or indirectly owned by persons or trusts associated solely with either the RRS Family or the MDS Family.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-chain", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X classifies the entities in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain. It describes BR Holdings Associates Inc. (New York), BR Holdings Associates L.P. (Delaware), PLP Associates Holdings Inc. (New York), PLP Associates Holdings L.P. (Delaware) and Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (Delaware) as II-way entities in the chain, held in equal interests by the two families, and Moonstone Holdings LLC, Linarite Holdings LLC, Perthlite Holdings LLC, Roselite Holdings LLC, Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. (all Delaware) as RRS Family I-way entities in the chain, held solely by interests associated with the Raymond Sackler family.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "br-holdings-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "pra-lp", "moonstone-holdings", "linarite", "perthlite", "roselite-holdings", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "raymond-sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-bside-family", "kind": "fact", "text": "Among the B-side released parties, Exhibit X describes Raymond R. Sackler (and his estate), Beverly Sackler (and her estate), Jonathan D. Sackler (and his estate), Richard S. Sackler, M.D. and David A. Sackler each as a family member, trust beneficiary and current and/or former director, manager and/or officer of a II-way entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s chain of ownership. It also describes Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler as current and/or former directors, managers and/or officers of an RRS I-way entity in the chain and of a trust company, and Raymond R. Sackler, Beverly Sackler, Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler as current and/or former trustees. Exhibit X does not name the entities or give periods.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-iiway-officers", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X describes Stuart D. Baker and Anthony M. Roncalli as current and/or former directors, managers and/or officers of a II-way entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s chain of ownership and of a trust company, and as current and/or former trustees, and describes Philip C. Strassburger, Edward B. Mahony, Peter Boer, Paulo Costa, Ralph Snyderman and William Loomis as current and/or former directors, managers and/or officers of a II-way entity in that chain. Exhibit X does not name the entity or entities concerned or the periods of service.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "stuart-baker", "anthony-roncalli", "philip-strassburger", "edward-mahony", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "ralph-snyderman", "william-loomis", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-rrs-officers", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X describes Stephen A. Ives and Leslie J. Schreyer as current and/or former directors, managers and/or officers of an RRS I-way entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s chain of ownership and of a trust company, and as current and/or former trustees; Ives is also described as an employee of an RRS Family I-way entity. The entities are not named.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "stephen-ives", "leslie-schreyer", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-aside-fiduciaries", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X's A-side list of 'Trusts, Trustees and Protectors' includes, besides numerous trusts and trust companies such as Heatheridge Trust Company Limited, Hillside Trust Company Limited, Maydean Trust Company Limited and Millborne Trust Company Limited, the individuals Joerg Fischer, Jonathan G. White, Leslie J. Schreyer, Jeffrey A. Robins, Stuart D. Baker, Anthony M. Roncalli, Charles G. Lubar and Christopher B. Mitchell (and his estate), without stating each person's capacity. Stuart D. Baker, Anthony M. Roncalli, Leslie J. Schreyer and Jeffrey A. Robins also appear among the B-side released parties.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "joerg-fischer", "jonathan-white", "leslie-schreyer", "jeffrey-robins", "stuart-baker", "anthony-roncalli", "charles-lubar", "christopher-mitchell", "heatheridge-trust", "hillside-trust", "millborne-trust", "mortimer-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-exhx-fiduciary-companies", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X lists Data LLC, Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC and Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc., all Wyoming entities, as RRS Family I-way entities, that is, entities owned solely by persons or trusts associated with the Raymond Sackler family, and lists each of them among the B-side released parties as a current and/or former trustee.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "data-llc", "cornice-fiduciary", "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-cedar-cliff-registry", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Wyoming Secretary of State's record of Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc., as retrieved in October 2026, shows a Wyoming domestic profit corporation (filing ID 2019-000880252) first filed on October 11, 2019, of perpetual duration, active and in good standing, with Frontier Registered Agency Services LLC as registered agent and a secretary as the only officer listed. Its latest annual report was filed on August 5, 2026, and tax delinquency notices were recorded in 2020 and 2022. The record does not show the company's owners.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-104" ], "entity_ids": [ "cedar-cliff-fiduciary" ] }, { "id": "c-own-north-bay", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X lists North Bay Associates (a Delaware general partnership), North Bay Eagle LLC (Delaware) and North Bay Trust Company Inc. (Oklahoma) as RRS Family I-way entities. The United States' October 2020 settlement agreement lists North Bay Trust Company Inc., as trustee of The 1974 Irrevocable Investment Trust, among the released Purdue Parent Entities, and the May 3, 2010 Novelos prospectus gives Rosebay Medical Company L.P.'s address as care of Northbay Associates in Oklahoma City.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-004", "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "north-bay-associates", "rosebay-medical-lp", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-coventry", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X lists Coventry Technologies L.P. (United States) as a II-way entity, that is, one held in equal interests by persons or trusts associated with the Raymond and Mortimer Sackler families. The United States' proof of claim lists 'Equity of Coventry Technologies, L.P.', valued in Purdue's records at $52,328,000 with an estimated date of January 1, 2008, among the assets Purdue transferred to PRA LP, its parent.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "coventry-technologies", "pra-lp", "purdue-pharma-lp", "raymond-sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-baker-ppi", "kind": "fact", "text": "Stuart D. Baker signed Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Florida qualification papers in October 2003 for Purdue Pharma Inc., as general partner, as its Executive Vice President, Counsel to the Board and Secretary, and an undated business-profile aggregator page reproducing Connecticut registry data lists him as an executive vice president of Purdue Pharma Inc.", "qualification": "The aggregator entry is undated and secondary; the Florida filing is the dated record of the office.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-026", "src-110" ], "entity_ids": [ "stuart-baker", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-m3c", "kind": "fact", "text": "A Form 4 filed with the SEC in April 2015 for Key Technology, Inc. shares states that M3C Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is wholly owned by a trust dated January 15, 2004 whose co-trustees are Richard S. Sackler, M.D. and the trust's sole beneficiary, a member of Jonathan D. Sackler's immediate family, and that M3C Holdings also reports beneficial ownership through a Schedule 13G filed jointly by Leslie J. Schreyer, as trustee under a Trust Agreement dated December 23, 1989 FBO the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler, M3C Holdings LLC and a Kokino portfolio manager. Exhibit X lists M3C Holdings LLC as an RRS Family I-way entity.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-054", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "m3c-holdings", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "leslie-schreyer", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-own-cornice-succession", "kind": "fact", "text": "Amendment No. 4 to a Schedule 13D on shares of Amtech Systems, Inc. reports that on November 20, 2018 Leslie J. Schreyer resigned as trustee of the trust under a Trust Agreement dated December 23, 1989 FBO the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler and that Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company, was appointed successor trustee. It names Leslie J. Schreyer and Jeffrey Robins, attorneys at Norton Rose Fulbright (US) LLP, as officers of Cornice, and describes the trust as a Wyoming trust whose principal business is to make investments for the benefit of the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler. The debtors' 2019 ownership statement names Cornice, as trustee under a Trust Agreement of the same date, as the 100% owner of Perthlite Holdings LLC; the filings do not say whether these are the same trust.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-112", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "cornice-fiduciary", "leslie-schreyer", "jeffrey-robins", "norton-rose-fulbright" ] }, { "id": "c-own-kokino", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the same Schedule 13D/A, Kokino LLC, of 201 Tresser Boulevard, 3rd Floor, Stamford, Connecticut, is described as a single-family office that provides investment management services only to its 'Family Clients', including the trust for the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler (of which Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC is trustee), M3C Holdings LLC and Piton Capital Partners LLC. Piton is managed by Piton Capital Management LLC, which is in turn managed by Kokino, and the filing states that Kokino and Piton Capital Management are each a family office of the same family, without naming the family. The filing names Kokino's portfolio manager and its President and Chief Investment Officer; Stephen A. Ives signed as Vice President for M3C Holdings LLC and for Kokino LLC as managing member of Piton Capital Management. Exhibit X lists Kokino LLC as an RRS Family I-way entity. Kokino's street address, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, is also the address of the debtors' corporate headquarters.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-112", "src-058", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "kokino", "stephen-ives", "m3c-holdings", "cornice-fiduciary", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-own-sides-second-circuit", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Second Circuit's 2023 opinion in In re Purdue Pharma L.P. notes that the District Court defined the Sackler family as the Mortimer D. Sackler family ('Side A') and the Raymond R. Sackler family ('Side B'). It quotes the Mortimer side's brief as stating that the 'Mortimer-side Initial Covered Sackler Persons' include Theresa Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler and Mortimer D.A. Sackler, the trusts of which they are beneficiaries and the trustees of those trusts, and Beacon Company, and the Raymond Sackler family's brief as stating that the family comprises natural persons who are descendants of Raymond R. Sackler and current and former spouses of their descendants.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beacon-company", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-own-sides-pods", "kind": "fact", "text": "Justice Kavanaugh's dissent in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P. (decided June 27, 2024), citing the Bankruptcy Court's findings, describes the Sacklers as 'a large family divided into two sides, Side A and Side B, with eight pods or groups of family members within those divisions' and states that their assets are spread across trusts that are likely beyond the jurisdiction of U.S. courts.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-origins", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's decision of December 16, 2021 on the appeals from confirmation of the debtors' reorganization plan (Judge McMahon, S.D.N.Y.) recounts that Purdue, originally known as the Purdue Frederick Company, was founded by John Purdue Gray and George Frederick Bingham in 1892 and was sold to the brothers Arthur, Mortimer and Raymond Sackler in 1952. The 1952 purchase therefore concerned The Purdue Frederick Company; Purdue Pharma L.P., the present debtor, was formed as a Delaware limited partnership on June 12, 1991, according to the debtors' Disclosure Statement.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "arthur-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-arthur-exit", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same District Court decision states, in a footnote, that the Arthur Sackler family sold its interest in Purdue to the other two branches of the family before OxyContin was invented and has no involvement in the company or in the bankruptcy. The decision does not name the entity in which the interest was held or give the date of the sale.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "arthur-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-arthur-option", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A general reference work states that in 1952 Arthur M. Sackler arranged financing for his brothers to purchase the Purdue-Frederick Company, which came to sell over-the-counter products such as Betadine antiseptic, Senokot laxative and the earwax remover Cerumenex and also sold MS Contin, a time-release morphine, and that after Arthur's death in 1987 his estate sold his option on one third of that company to his brothers Mortimer and Raymond, who owned the separate company named Purdue Pharma and used Purdue-Frederick as a holding company.", "qualification": "This account comes from a nonofficial general reference work, not from a court record or filing. The retained official record (the District Court's 2021 decision) confirms only that the Arthur Sackler family sold its interest to the other two branches before OxyContin was invented; the 1987 date, the one-third option and the holding-company structure are not confirmed by an official source.", "response": "The District Court's 2021 decision confirms the 1952 sale of the company to the brothers Arthur, Mortimer and Raymond Sackler and that the Arthur Sackler family later sold its interest to the other two branches before OxyContin was invented; it gives no date, price or option terms.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-030", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "arthur-sackler", "purdue-frederick", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-cochairmen", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same kind of reference work states that in 1952 Mortimer and Raymond Sackler became co-chairmen of a small Greenwich Village-based pharmaceutical company that Arthur had financed, The Purdue Frederick Company, which later became the Stamford, Connecticut-based Purdue Pharma, and that Mortimer and Raymond established pharmaceutical companies in Austria, Canada, Cyprus, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.", "qualification": "Nonofficial general reference work; the co-chairmanship and the foreign companies are not documented in the retained official records, and 'Purdue Pharma' is used loosely for the business rather than for Purdue Pharma L.P., which was formed in 1991.", "response": "The District Court's 2021 decision records that Mortimer D. Sackler and Raymond Sackler served as co-chief executive officers of Purdue; it does not mention a co-chairmanship.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-028", "src-003", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "arthur-sackler", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-raymond-family", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A general reference work states that Raymond Sackler and his wife Beverly Sackler had two sons, Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler, and that Beverly Sackler died in October 2019.", "qualification": "Nonofficial general reference work. The family relationships are also recorded by the District Court's 2021 decision, which names Beverly Sackler as Raymond Sackler's wife and Jonathan and Richard Sackler as his sons; the October 2019 date of Beverly Sackler's death rests on the reference work alone.", "response": "The District Court's 2021 decision confirms that Raymond Sackler's wife, Beverly Sackler, and his two sons, Jonathan and Richard Sackler, served as Board members of Purdue.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-029", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-family-companies", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The reference work also describes Raymond Sackler and his brother Mortimer as having built pharmaceutical, manufacturing and research companies, associates Raymond with Purdue Pharma in the United States and Canada and with Mundipharma, Ltd. in Europe, Asia and Africa, and describes Purdue Pharma as 100% privately owned and operated by the families of Raymond and Mortimer Sackler.", "qualification": "Nonofficial general reference work. It does not distinguish Purdue Pharma L.P. from the separately owned Canadian Purdue company or from the other family-owned independent associated companies; the official record of the ownership of Purdue Pharma L.P. is the debtors' ownership statement filed with the petitions and the court findings on the ownership chain.", "response": "", "outcome": "The official record locates the families' interests through specific vehicles: the District Court found Purdue Pharma L.P. wholly owned by PRA, which is 99.5% owned in equal parts by Beacon Company (the Side A partnership) and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. (the Side B partnership), themselves owned by trusts for the families, and the debtors' Disclosure Statement states that the independent associated companies are owned equally by the A-Side and B-Side families.", "source_ids": [ "src-029", "src-003", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "mundipharma-ltd", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-purdue-pharma-company", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the declaration of IRS Special Agent Phillip A. Barnett, attached to The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.'s 2007 plea agreement in support of a forfeiture complaint, The Purdue Pharma Company was a Delaware general partnership owned by and co-located with The Purdue Frederick Company and Purdue Pharma L.P., and was used to conduct pharmaceutical business until September 30, 2004, when the partnership was terminated. The declaration states that from approximately January 1996 until September 30, 2004 OxyContin sales were recorded by The Purdue Pharma Company, and after its termination by Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-hist-pfc-owner-2004", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same declaration states that Purdue Pharma L.P. was a Delaware limited partnership with the same headquarters and facilities as The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., a New York corporation headquartered in Connecticut, and that after The Purdue Pharma Company was terminated on September 30, 2004, The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. became an owner of Purdue Pharma L.P. The declaration does not state the size of that interest or how long it was held.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-company" ] }, { "id": "c-board-ppi-manages", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. was managed through the board of directors of its general partner, Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI), a New York corporation. The District Court (S.D.N.Y., McMahon, J.) stated in its decision dated 16 December 2021 that \"the board of directors of PPI manages Purdue Pharma\" and that Purdue Pharma L.P. has 22 wholly owned subsidiaries in the United States and the British Virgin Islands. The debtors' Disclosure Statement for the Thirteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan (dated 1 July 2025) likewise states that PPI is the general partner of Purdue Pharma L.P. and that PPI's board \"effectively manages the Debtors\"; it names the debtors' senior management as Craig Landau (President and Chief Executive Officer) and Marc L. Kesselman (Executive Vice President, General Counsel).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "craig-landau", "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "c-board-lp-no-directors", "kind": "fact", "text": "In sworn declarations dated March and April 2019 and filed in Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P. et al., No. 1884-cv-01808(B) (Mass. Super. Ct., Suffolk County), a case concerning events after 15 May 2007, the director defendants each stated that they had served on the Board of Directors of Purdue Pharma Inc. and not as directors of Purdue Pharma L.P., \"which has no directors\". The declarations were made in support of the directors' motions to dismiss the Commonwealth's First Amended Complaint.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "peter-boer", "cecil-pickett" ] }, { "id": "c-board-house-memo", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A memorandum of the majority staff of the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform dated 8 December 2020, listing the witnesses for the Committee's December 2020 hearing, described Dr. Richard Sackler as \"Former President, CEO, and Chairman of the Board of Directors, Purdue Pharma L.P.\", Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Dr. Kathe Sackler each as \"Former Vice President and Member of the Board of Directors, Purdue Pharma L.P.\", David Sackler as \"Former Member of the Board of Directors, Purdue Pharma L.P.\" and Craig Landau as President and CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "These are the committee staff's witness titles, not a corporate record. The directors' sworn declarations state that Purdue Pharma L.P. has no directors and that their board seats were on the board of its general partner, Purdue Pharma Inc.; the District Court described Richard Sackler's roles as president (2000-2003), co-chair and later chair of the board, not as chief executive officer.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-037" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "david-sackler", "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-sackler-majority", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court found that from approximately 1993 until 2018 there were always at least six or seven members of the Sackler family on the board of Purdue Pharma Inc., and that independent directors never equaled or outnumbered the Sackler family directors. Mortimer Sackler's side of the family is known as \"Side A\" and Raymond Sackler's side as \"Side B\".", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-co-ceos", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recorded that Mortimer D. Sackler, who died in 2010, served as co-chief executive officer of Purdue with his brother Raymond Sackler until the end of his life, and that Raymond Sackler, who died in 2017, served as co-chief executive officer with Mortimer D. Sackler.", "qualification": "The decision uses \"Purdue\" as its collective term for Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors and gives no start dates; it does not identify which company (for earlier decades possibly The Purdue Frederick Company) employed them as co-chief executives.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-board-rsackler-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Richard S. Sackler was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from 2 October 1990 to 24 July 2018, according to the tenure list in Addendum A to the United States' 2020 civil settlement agreement with the Named Sacklers. In his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action he stated that he served as a PPI director until July 24, 2018, never as a director of Purdue Pharma L.P., and that after 15 May 2007 he was not an employee or officer of either company. The District Court described him as serving on the board from 1990 until 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-007", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-rsackler-officer", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court found that, in addition to his role as director, Richard Sackler served as president of Purdue from 2000 to 2003, co-chair of the board (of Purdue Pharma Inc.) from 2003 to 2007 and chair of the board from approximately 2008 until 2010 or 2011.", "qualification": "The finding rests on hearing testimony; the decision does not name the company of which he was president beyond its collective term \"Purdue\". Other accounts (Rhode Island and New York complaints, a House committee staff memorandum) give different periods and titles.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-board-rsackler-ri", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of Rhode Island's Third Amended Complaint (C.A. No. PC-2018-4555, submitted 22 March 2022) alleges that Richard S. Sackler is a board member of \"Purdue Pharma, L.P.\" and of Rhodes Technologies, that he was President of Purdue Pharma from 1999 to 2003 and Co-Chairman from 2003 through 2014, that he joined Purdue in 1971 as an assistant to his father, Dr. Raymond Sackler, then Purdue's CEO, that he headed Purdue's marketing and research and development departments, that he oversaw the launch of OxyContin from 1995 to 2003, and that he has long held and continues to hold an ownership interest in Purdue and Rhodes.", "qualification": "Allegations, partly made \"upon information and belief\", in a state complaint; they conflict with the District Court's finding (president 2000-2003, co-chair 2003-2007, chair about 2008 to 2010 or 2011) and with the DOJ tenure list ending his PPI directorship on 24 July 2018, and Purdue Pharma L.P. itself has no directors.", "response": "Richard Sackler's own March 2019 declaration in the Massachusetts action states that he served on PPI's board until 24 July 2018 and was not an employee or officer of either Purdue company after 15 May 2007; the District Court, relying on the 2021 confirmation-hearing transcript, records his roles as president 2000-2003, co-chair 2003-2007 and chair from about 2008 until 2010 or 2011.", "outcome": "Rhode Island was one of the eight states that, with the District of Columbia, the debtors and the Sacklers, filed the new settlement approved by the Bankruptcy Court on 10 March 2022; the retained records contain no ruling on the complaint's account of his titles.", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-007", "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "rhodes-technologies", "raymond-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-jsackler-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Jonathan D. Sackler was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from 2 October 1990 to 8 December 2018 according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list; in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action he stated that he served on the PPI board until December 8, 2018 and never as a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. The District Court described Jonathan and Richard Sackler, Raymond Sackler's sons, as serving on the board from 1990 until 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-007", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-kathe-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Kathe A. Sackler was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from 2 October 1990 to 27 September 2018 according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list; in her sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action she stated that she served on the PPI board until September 27, 2018 and never as a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. The District Court said that she, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt and Mortimer D.A. Sackler, three of Mortimer D. Sackler's children, sat on the board for nearly 30 years.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-007", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "kathe-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mortimer-d-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-mdas-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Mortimer D.A. Sackler was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from 15 January 1993 to 16 January 2019 according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list, the latest end date of any family member on that list; in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action he stated that he served on the PPI board until January 16, 2019 and never as a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. The District Court said he sat on the board for nearly 30 years.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-003", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-family-officers-2007", "kind": "fact", "text": "Three family directors declared officer roles that ended in 2007: Jonathan Sackler and Kathe Sackler each stated in their sworn Massachusetts declarations that they served as Senior Vice President of Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P. until 31 May 2007, and Mortimer D.A. Sackler stated that he served as Vice President of both companies until 31 May 2007; each said that otherwise they were not employees or officers of either company after 15 May 2007.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-board-theresa-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Theresa E. Sackler, Mortimer D. Sackler's wife, was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from 15 January 1993 to 7 September 2018 according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list; in her sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action she stated that she served on the PPI board until September 7, 2018 and was not a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. The District Court likewise found that she served on the board from 1993 until 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-003", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "theresa-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mortimer-d-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-ilene-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Ilene Sackler Lefcourt served two terms as a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list: from 2 October 1990 to 4 February 2005 and from 16 May 2008 to 9 October 2018. In her sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action she stated that she served on the PPI board until October 9, 2018 and was not a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. The District Court described her as sitting on the board for nearly 30 years, without mentioning the 2005-2008 gap.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-003", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-beverly-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "Beverly Sackler, Raymond Sackler's wife, was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from approximately 1993 to October 2017 according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list; in her sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action she stated that she served on the PPI board until October 17, 2017 and was never an employee, officer or director of Purdue Pharma L.P. The District Court described her term as approximately 1993 until 2017.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-003", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "beverly-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-david-director", "kind": "fact", "text": "David A. Sackler, Richard Sackler's son, was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from 19 July 2012 to 14 August 2018 according to the DOJ settlement's tenure list; his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action gives the same dates and states that he was not an employee or officer of PPI, or an employee, officer or director of Purdue Pharma L.P., after 15 May 2007. The District Court described him as serving on the board from 2012 until 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-003", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "david-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-sackler-exit", "kind": "fact", "text": "Most Sackler family directors left the board of Purdue Pharma Inc. during 2018 and the last in January 2019; Beverly Sackler had left in October 2017. The District Court found that members of the family served as directors until early 2019, that the last Sackler's resignation became effective at the beginning of that year and that many family members stepped down during 2018; the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement states that the last member of the Sackler Families to serve on the board resigned in January 2019 and that, as of that statement, no family member was a director or employed by the debtors. The DOJ tenure list gives 16 January 2019 as the end of Mortimer D.A. Sackler's term, the latest of the family directors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family", "mortimer-da-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-board-boer", "kind": "fact", "text": "Peter Boer stated in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that he had served as a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. since April 18, 2008, that he had never been an employee or officer of PPI and that he had never been an employee, officer or director of Purdue Pharma L.P. Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 names him as defendant \"Frank Peter Boer\" and says he had been a director from April 2008 to the present; the Florida corporate registry record of Purdue Pharma Inc. still lists \"Boer, Peter\" as a director.", "qualification": "He is not among the six directors listed in the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement, so the registry entry may be out of date; no retained record gives the end of his term.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007", "src-051", "src-102", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "peter-boer", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-board-boer-rhodes", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's First Amended Complaint in People of the State of New York v. Purdue Pharma L.P. et al. (Supreme Court, Suffolk County), filed as an exhibit to a letter rogatory on 13 September 2019, alleges that Peter Boer \"was no stranger to Purdue or the Sacklers\" when he joined Purdue's board, having served on the board of Rhodes Technologies, the Sacklers' Rhode Island-based opioid manufacturing company, and directed Purdue's oxycodone pipeline there for a decade.", "qualification": "An allegation in a state complaint against Sackler family members and Purdue entities; Peter Boer is not a defendant in that action, and no retained registry or company record confirms a Rhodes Technologies board seat or its dates.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "peter-boer", "rhodes-technologies", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-lewent", "kind": "fact", "text": "Judith C. Lewent stated in her sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that she served on the Board of Directors of Purdue Pharma Inc. from March 20, 2009 to December 31, 2014 and was not a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 instead says she was a director from March 2009 to October 2015.", "qualification": "The end of her term differs between the two records (31 December 2014 in her own declaration, October 2015 in the State of Connecticut's complaint); neither retained source explains the difference, so both dates are kept with attribution.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "judith-lewent", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-pickett", "kind": "fact", "text": "Cecil B. Pickett stated in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that he had served on the board of Purdue Pharma Inc. since January 21, 2010 and was not an employee or officer of either Purdue company after 15 May 2007; Connecticut's complaint gives January 2010 to the present. The debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement lists him as a Class A Director appointed in January 2010 and describes him as a former President of Research and Development at Biogen who previously held research posts at Schering-Plough and Merck.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007", "src-015", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "cecil-pickett", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-costa", "kind": "fact", "text": "Paulo Costa stated in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that he served as a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. between April 25, 2012 and January 30, 2018 and was never an employee or officer of PPI or an employee, officer or director of Purdue Pharma L.P. Connecticut's amended complaint says he was a director from April 2012 to January; the year after \"January\" is missing from the retained text of the complaint.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "paulo-costa", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-snyderman", "kind": "fact", "text": "Ralph Snyderman stated in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that he served as a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. between August 1, 2012 and October 30, 2017 and was never an employee, officer or director of Purdue Pharma L.P.; Connecticut's amended complaint gives the same period as August 2012 to October 2017.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "ralph-snyderman", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-ct-allegations", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges that the Sacklers always held the controlling majority of the Purdue board, which gave them full power over Purdue, and that the non-family directors Peter Boer, Judith Lewent, Cecil Pickett, Paulo Costa and Ralph Snyderman \"did not act independently from the Sacklers\" and voted with them on every one of the hundreds of votes during their tenures. It further alleges that the individual defendants had authority to control Purdue's business practices, knew of and took no action to stop the deceptive practices alleged, and that the current CEO, Craig Landau, had acknowledged that the board served as a de facto CEO.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State of Connecticut in a pleading, not findings. The Sackler majority on the board is separately found by the District Court; the voting and knowledge allegations were not adjudicated in the retained records, and the five directors' own declarations (made in the Massachusetts action) deny directing Purdue's marketing in that state.", "response": "No answer to the Connecticut complaint itself is in the retained records. In sworn declarations dated March 2019 and filed in the parallel Massachusetts action, Peter Boer, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman, Paulo Costa and Judith Lewent each stated that, to the best of their knowledge, no meetings of PPI's board took place in Massachusetts and that they did not direct the management of either Purdue company, its sales representatives or any marketing, sales or promotional activities in Massachusetts.", "outcome": "No ruling on these allegations appears in the retained records. While the appeal from the original plan confirmation was pending, Connecticut was one of eight states that, with the District of Columbia, the debtors and the Sacklers, filed a new settlement providing for additional Sackler contributions, approved by the Bankruptcy Court on 10 March 2022; Connecticut's Attorney General was also among those joining the $7.4 billion Purdue-Sackler settlement that took effect on 1 May 2026. Exhibit X to that shareholder settlement lists Peter Boer, Paulo Costa and Ralph Snyderman among the 'Certain Shareholder Released Parties' as current or former directors, managers or officers of a jointly owned entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain; under the confirmed plan such releases bind only claimants who opt in.", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-007", "src-044", "src-006", "src-058", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "peter-boer", "judith-lewent", "cecil-pickett", "paulo-costa", "ralph-snyderman", "craig-landau" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "peter-boer", "judith-lewent", "cecil-pickett", "paulo-costa", "ralph-snyderman" ] }, { "id": "c-board-ny-allegation", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's First Amended Complaint alleges that Purdue, a collection of private companies, has at all relevant times been controlled by members of the extended Sackler family, the ultimate intended beneficiaries of virtually all of its profit distributions, and that the board of Purdue Pharma Inc. functioned as the nexus of decision-making for all of Purdue; it adds that under Purdue's by-laws the board met in New York or Connecticut. The individual defendants were the living Sackler family members who had served on the PPI board.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State of New York in a pleading filed in Suffolk County Supreme Court and attached to a September 2019 letter rogatory; not findings of the court.", "response": "Certain defendants moved to dismiss the New York action in 2019; at an August 2019 status conference Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe A. Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Theresa Sackler appeared without conceding that they were proper parties and reserved all defences, including lack of personal jurisdiction as to Kathe and Theresa Sackler. A press report on the later settlement states that the Sackler family has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing.", "outcome": "The District Court recorded that state courts denied the Sackler defendants' motions to dismiss in at least three of the state cases, citing an order of 21 June 2019 in the Suffolk County coordinated opioid litigation (No. 400000/2017). On 1 May 2026 the New York Attorney General announced that Purdue had shut down and ceased operations under the bankruptcy plan, as part of the $7.4 billion settlement with members of the Sackler family; the Attorney General expected New York to receive up to $250 million from the settlement with Purdue and the Sacklers.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-094", "src-003", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-board-landau-network-board", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P.'s press release of 22 June 2017 announced that \"The Board of Directors of the independently associated worldwide Purdue/Napp/Mundipharma network of companies\" had appointed Dr. Craig Landau President and CEO for the U.S. operations, Purdue Pharma L.P., with immediate effect, and that he would retain responsibility for Purdue Pharma (Canada); it also announced that CEO Mark Timney was leaving Purdue.", "qualification": "The release attributes the appointment to a board of the worldwide network of independent associated companies rather than to the board of Purdue Pharma Inc.; no retained record identifies that body's legal form or members.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mark-timney", "purdue-canada" ] }, { "id": "c-board-landau-testimony", "kind": "fact", "text": "In written testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform dated 17 December 2020, Craig Landau, CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P., stated that it had been almost two years since any member of the Sackler family served on the board of directors, that in 2018 Purdue added a new independent Chairman of the Board, and that in 2019 it added three other previously unaffiliated directors with restructuring and pharmaceutical industry experience; he also listed accepting the Sackler family's resignations from the board among the changes made during his tenure.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-board-2025-directors", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement dated 1 July 2025 lists the six directors of Purdue Pharma Inc., stating that a majority of them have no prior connection to the Sackler Families: Robert S. \"Steve\" Miller (Chairman of the Board, appointed July 2018), Kenneth Buckfire (At-Large Director, appointed May 2019), John S. Dubel (At-Large Director, appointed July 2019), Michael Cola (Class A Director, appointed February 2019; At-Large Director, appointed July 2019), Anthony Roncalli (Class B Director, appointed December 2018) and Cecil Pickett (Class A Director, appointed January 2010).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "john-dubel", "michael-cola", "anthony-roncalli", "cecil-pickett" ] }, { "id": "c-board-miller-appointed", "kind": "fact", "text": "Steve Miller became Chairman of the Board in July 2018. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s press release of 24 July 2018 announced, effective immediately, that he \"has been named Chairman of the Board of Directors of Purdue\"; the debtors' Disclosure Statement lists him as Chairman of the Board of Purdue Pharma Inc. appointed in July 2018, and the Florida registry record of Purdue Pharma Inc. lists \"Miller, Robert S.\" as Chairman of the Board. An online reference profile gives 1 July 2018 as the start date.", "qualification": "The exact start date differs between the company's announcement (24 July 2018) and the online profile (1 July 2018); the board he chairs is that of the general partner, Purdue Pharma Inc., since Purdue Pharma L.P. has no directors.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-021", "src-008", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "steve-miller", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-board-miller-career", "kind": "fact", "text": "Before joining Purdue, Robert S. \"Steve\" Miller had a long career in corporate restructuring. The debtors' Disclosure Statement cites his roles at Chrysler (Vice Chairman and CFO), Delphi Corp. (Chairman and CEO) and American International Group (Non-Executive Chairman); Purdue's 2018 release gives his AIG chairmanship as 2010 to 2015. An online reference profile adds that he became CEO of Delphi Corporation in July 2005, presided over its restructuring in bankruptcy and left in October 2009, was named chairman of AIG in July 2010 and was CEO of Hawker Beechcraft from February 2012 to 2013.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-021", "src-015", "src-008" ], "entity_ids": [ "steve-miller" ] }, { "id": "c-board-buckfire-bio", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Disclosure Statement describes Kenneth A. Buckfire, appointed At-Large Director of Purdue Pharma Inc. in May 2019, as President of Miller Buckfire & Co., LLC, which he co-founded in 2002, and a Vice-Chairman of Stifel Financial Corporation's Institutional Banking Group, specialising in the restructuring of highly leveraged companies; before 2002 he was a Managing Director and Co-Head of the Financial Restructuring Group of Wasserstein Perella & Co.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "kenneth-buckfire", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-dubel-bio", "kind": "fact", "text": "John S. Dubel, appointed At-Large Director of Purdue Pharma Inc. in July 2019, is described in the Disclosure Statement as Chief Executive Officer of Dubel & Associates, LLC, a restructuring and turnaround firm he founded in 1999, and as a former Chief Executive Officer of SunEdison and of Financial Guaranty Insurance Company (FGIC) and a former partner in Gradient Partners, L.P. SunEdison, Inc.'s Form 8-K reports that on 22 June 2016 it appointed him Chief Executive Officer, a post he held together with that of Chief Restructuring Officer, which he had held since 29 April 2016; the filing also states that he was then serving on the board and as Liquidating Trust Manager of the ResCap Liquidating Trust.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-035" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-dubel", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-cola-bio", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Disclosure Statement describes Michael Cola, Class A Director of Purdue Pharma Inc. from February 2019 and At-Large Director from July 2019, as the former CEO of Avalo Therapeutics Inc (formerly Cerecor) and former President and CEO of Aevi Genomic Medicine, a former President of Specialty Pharmaceuticals at Shire plc (2007 to April 2012), and a director of Sage Therapeutics and Phathom Pharmaceuticals.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-cola", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-roncalli-bio", "kind": "fact", "text": "Anthony Roncalli, appointed Class B Director of Purdue Pharma Inc. in December 2018, is described in the Disclosure Statement as an attorney and former partner at Norton Rose Fulbright LLP with extensive experience advising the debtors, the independent associated companies (IACs) and other pharmaceutical companies on corporate governance and complex tax and structure planning.", "qualification": "The Disclosure Statement says only that a majority of the six directors have no prior connection to the Sackler Families and does not say which ones do; its biographies disclose Roncalli's advisory work for the debtors and the IACs and Pickett's former seats on IAC boards, which he resigned on or before 9 August 2018.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "anthony-roncalli", "purdue-pharma-inc", "norton-rose-fulbright" ] }, { "id": "c-board-sunbiz-officers", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Florida Division of Corporations record of Purdue Pharma Inc. (a New York corporation registered in Florida as a foreign profit corporation; status inactive after a withdrawal filed on 1 October 2026; latest annual report filed 28 February 2026) lists as officers and directors: Craig Landau, MD (President and Chief executive officer), Terrence Ronan (Treasurer and CFO), Marc L. Kesselman (Secretary), Robert S. Miller (Chairman of the Board) and directors Ken Buckfire, John S. Dubel, Michael Cola, Peter Boer, Cecil Pickett and Anthony M. Roncalli.", "qualification": "The officer list reflects what the corporation last reported to the Florida registry and may not be current: it includes Peter Boer, who is not among the six directors listed in the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-102", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "craig-landau", "terrence-ronan", "marc-kesselman", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "john-dubel", "michael-cola", "peter-boer", "cecil-pickett", "anthony-roncalli" ] }, { "id": "c-board-ct-listing", "kind": "fact", "text": "An undated listing by a commercial company-information aggregator of the officers recorded for Purdue Pharma Inc. in Connecticut names as directors Beverly Sackler, David A. Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Jonathan D. Sackler, Kathe A. Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Raymond R. Sackler, Richard S. Sackler, Theresa E. Sackler, Cecil B. Pickett, Paulo F. Costa, Peter Boer and Ralph Snyderman.", "qualification": "The listing is undated, is not the registry itself and mixes people whose terms ended at different times (Raymond R. Sackler died in 2017; Mark Timney, listed as president and chief executive officer, left in June 2017), so it does not show who held office at any particular date. Raymond R. Sackler does not appear in the DOJ settlement's list of family directors' tenures.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-026" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "cecil-pickett", "paulo-costa", "peter-boer", "ralph-snyderman" ] }, { "id": "c-board-share-classes", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma Inc. has Class A and Class B shareholders, and its board seats follow the share classes: under the A&R Certificate of Incorporation, Class A Directors are elected by the Class A Shareholders, Class B Directors by the Class B Shareholders, and At-Large Directors jointly by the Class A and Class B Shareholders.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-board-transaction-committee", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 14 May 2019 the shareholders of Purdue Pharma Inc. adopted an Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement establishing a \"Transaction Committee\", and PPI filed a corresponding Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The committee was to consist of the independent Chairman of the Board, as its chair, and other directors appointed by a majority of the board, none of whom could be a member of the Sackler Families. It received exclusive authority over all dividends by PPI to its shareholders and all distributions by Purdue Pharma L.P. to its general and limited partners, and authority over \"Affiliate Transactions\" between PPI, Purdue Pharma L.P. or its subsidiaries and any Class A or Class B Shareholder, persons they specify, or their affiliates.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-board-special-committee-2019", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 3 September 2019 PPI's shareholders amended the Shareholders' Agreement to rename the Transaction Committee the \"Special Committee\", and PPI filed a Certificate of Amendment (the A&R Certificate of Incorporation) giving it, in addition, authority over \"Affiliate Litigation\" - the prosecution, defense or settlement of claims between the debtors and the Sackler Families, their trusts and other Sackler-related entities, including the IACs - and providing that no dividend, distribution, Affiliate Transaction or Affiliate Litigation could take place without its approval. The amendment allowed any At-Large Director to chair the committee and still barred members of the Sackler Families from serving on it.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-board-special-committee-members", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Disclosure Statement names Chairman Steve Miller and At-Large Directors Kenneth Buckfire, Michael Cola and John S. Dubel as the members of the Special Committee of the board of Purdue Pharma Inc., with Dubel as its chairman, and states that none of them has any prior relationship with either of the Sackler Families. The District Court's 2021 decision likewise records that Dubel, appointed to the board in July 2019, chaired the Special Committee investigating potential claims against the Sacklers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "michael-cola", "john-dubel" ] }, { "id": "c-board-letter-agreement", "kind": "fact", "text": "To protect the Special Committee members from removal by the shareholders, a letter agreement executed by PPI's shareholders dated 6 November 2019 (the \"2019 Letter Agreement\") irrevocably delegated to the General Counsel of Purdue Pharma Inc., as proxy for the shareholders, several shareholder rights, including the right to appoint and remove the Chairman of the Board and the At-Large Directors, all of whom serve on the Special Committee. The General Counsel must act in accordance with the vote of two-thirds of PPI's Directors in Office and, on any decision to remove a director, disregard the vote of the affected director.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-board-special-committee-ruling", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its modified bench ruling of 20 November 2025 confirming the Eighteenth Amended Plan, the Bankruptcy Court (S.D.N.Y.) recorded, citing John Dubel's declaration, that the Special Committee of the debtors' board was formed in May 2019 with exclusive authority over all transactions between Purdue and the Sackler Parties and over claims the debtors might assert against their shareholders and the Sackler Parties, that it consisted of four restructuring and pharmaceutical professionals with no prior connection to the Sackler Parties, and that PPI's shareholders had granted PPI's general counsel an irrevocable proxy over the appointment and removal of the chairman and certain directors. It noted that a court-appointed independent examiner selected by the DOJ had determined that the committee \"acted independently\" and \"was not controlled or influenced, or subjected to attempted control or influence, by the Sackler Parties.\"", "qualification": "The ruling's May 2019 formation date matches the creation of the Transaction Committee on 14 May 2019, which the Disclosure Statement says was renamed the Special Committee on 3 September 2019.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "john-dubel", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-ceo", "kind": "fact", "text": "Craig Landau, M.D., was chief executive of Purdue from June 2017. In a sworn declaration in Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P. (Civil Action No. 18-1808-BLS2) he stated that he was Chief Executive Officer of Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P. and had been CEO since June 2017; the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement describes him as President and CEO of Purdue Pharma LP since June 2017, and in his December 2020 testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform he described himself as President and CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P. since June 2017.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011", "src-015", "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-cmo", "kind": "fact", "text": "Before 2013 Landau worked for Purdue Pharma L.P. in the United States. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s press release of 22 June 2017 says he entered the pharmaceutical industry in 1997, joined Purdue Pharma L.P. two years later and, during 14 years with the U.S. organisation, became its Chief Medical Officer and Vice President of R&D Innovation, Clinical and Medical Affairs; his sworn Massachusetts declaration states that he served as Chief Medical Officer and Head of Clinical Development for Purdue until 2013.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011", "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-canada", "kind": "fact", "text": "From July 2013 to June 2017 Landau was President and CEO of Purdue Pharma (Canada), according to the debtors' Disclosure Statement; the June 2017 release announcing his appointment as President and CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P. says he had been appointed to the Canadian post in 2013 and would retain responsibility for Purdue Pharma (Canada). Purdue Canada is a separate company: the District Court described it as an independent associated company (IAC), not a debtor, and described the IACs as ultimately owned by the Sackler family.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-003", "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-canada" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-rhodes", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Disclosure Statement, since 2022 Landau had also overseen the debtors' vertically integrated generic medicine business, Rhodes Pharma - Purdue Pharma's subsidiary Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. - which it says had introduced six generic medicines since then.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-promotion-stop", "kind": "fact", "text": "Landau stated in his sworn Massachusetts declaration that in February 2018, soon after he became CEO and at his direction, Purdue ceased deploying sales personnel to promote its opioid medications to prescribers; in his December 2020 House testimony he said the company had eliminated its entire opioid sales force, a measure first implemented under his leadership in February 2018, and later committed in a voluntary injunction in the bankruptcy to continue refraining from such promotion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011", "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-staff-2018", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A July 2018 local press report on Purdue's leadership changes said that since Landau took over as CEO in June 2017 Purdue had carried out sweeping changes: the previous month it had announced the elimination of its already downsized sales force, cutting 175 jobs, with another 175 positions cut at the same time; about 550 employees remained, some 250 of them at the Stamford headquarters, compared with about 1,100 reported four months earlier.", "qualification": "Workforce figures as reported by the newspaper, not taken from a company filing; the debtors' later Disclosure Statement gives different, later headcounts.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-056" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-suits", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A December 2019 wire-service report stated that Landau, a Purdue employee since 1999 who rose to the top job in 2017, was named as a defendant in lawsuits filed by Colorado, Massachusetts, five local governments and more than 100 hospitals, and that the two states alleged he blamed the dangers of opioids on patients, knowingly put patients at risk by having his sales team encourage more prescribing without disclosing addiction risks, pushed opioids for elderly and opioid-naive patients, falsely claimed reformulated OxyContin was safe and pushed longer prescribing.", "qualification": "Allegations of the States of Colorado and Massachusetts as summarised in a press report; the retained records contain no finding against Landau personally.", "response": "Purdue denied the claims against it and Landau asked the courts to dismiss the complaints against him; in his Massachusetts declaration, executed in February 2019, he stated that many of the complaint's allegations against him were not supported by, and in some instances were directly contradicted by, the documents the Commonwealth cited, that he did not oversee opioid sales or marketing in his two earlier executive jobs, had no direct day-to-day sales or marketing role as CEO and ordered the company to stop marketing opioids to prescribers after about eight months as CEO.", "outcome": "No ruling on the claims against Landau personally is in the retained records. After the September 2019 bankruptcy filing, the Bankruptcy Court on 11 October 2019 granted a preliminary injunction extending the halt on litigation to the debtors' 'Related Parties'; the retained records do not say whether Landau was among them.", "source_ids": [ "src-091", "src-011", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "craig-landau" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-landau-bonus", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to the same December 2019 wire-service report, the bankruptcy judge was to consider whether Landau, whose base salary was $2.6 million, should receive a bonus equal to half his salary; attorneys general representing about half the states opposed it, arguing in court filings that he bore some responsibility for the opioid epidemic, while Purdue said its bonus programme was essential to retain employees and had capped and split his bonus.", "qualification": "Press account of positions taken in the bankruptcy; the retained report predates the hearing and its outcome is not in the retained records.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-091" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-timney-ceo", "kind": "fact", "text": "Mark Timney stated in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that he is a former Chief Executive Officer of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. and served as CEO from January 2014 to June 2017. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s release of 22 June 2017 says he joined Purdue Pharma L.P. as President and Chief Executive Officer in 2014 and announced that he was leaving Purdue.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-032", "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "mark-timney", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-timney-merck", "kind": "fact", "text": "Before becoming Purdue's CEO, Timney was President of Merck US, as stated in his Massachusetts declaration; Purdue's June 2017 release says he had held leadership roles with Merck for 15 years in the United States and abroad.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-032", "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "mark-timney" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-timney-medicines", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A November 2019 trade press report said that Mark Timney, the former Purdue Pharma CEO named in dozens of lawsuits against the OxyContin maker, stood to earn over $85 million in Novartis's $9.7 billion buyout of The Medicines Company.", "qualification": "Press account; only the article's opening was retained, and it does not state Timney's position at The Medicines Company or the basis of the expected payment.", "response": "In his 2019 declaration supporting the former executives' motion to dismiss the Massachusetts complaint, Timney stated that many of its allegations against him were not supported by, and in some instances were directly contradicted by, the documents the Commonwealth cited.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-093", "src-032" ], "entity_ids": [ "mark-timney" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-stewart-ceo", "kind": "fact", "text": "John Stewart stated in his sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action that he is a former Chief Executive Officer of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. and served as CEO from June 2007 to December 2013.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-033" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-stewart", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-kesselman-appointed", "kind": "fact", "text": "Marc L. Kesselman became general counsel in July 2018. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s press release of 24 July 2018, which also announced Steve Miller's appointment as Chairman of the Board, said Kesselman had been appointed Senior Vice President and General Counsel, effective immediately, reporting directly to President and CEO Craig Landau and responsible for legal strategy, ethics and compliance, government affairs and corporate governance. The debtors' Disclosure Statement says he was appointed General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Purdue Pharma in July 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-008", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "marc-kesselman", "purdue-pharma-lp", "craig-landau", "steve-miller" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-kesselman-later", "kind": "fact", "text": "Kesselman's later titles: the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement lists him in senior management as Executive Vice President, General Counsel; a biography page of a legal organisation, normally supplied by the person, says he was appointed General Counsel of Purdue Pharma L.P. in July 2018 and has since been promoted to Chief Legal Officer and EVP Strategy & Corporate Affairs, overseeing also strategy, business development, human resources, security and communications. The Florida registry record of Purdue Pharma Inc. lists him as Secretary.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-098", "src-015", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "marc-kesselman", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-kesselman-corporate", "kind": "fact", "text": "Before Purdue, Kesselman held corporate general counsel posts: according to the Disclosure Statement he was Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary & Chief Public Policy Officer of YUM! Brands, Inc., joined YUM! from Dean Foods, where he held a similar role, and earlier was Senior Vice President & General Counsel at PepsiCo Americas Foods. Dean Foods Company's press release of 21 January 2015 announced that he would join it on 26 January as Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary & Government Affairs, coming from PepsiCo, where he was Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Frito-Lay North America and PepsiCo's food businesses in North and South America. Early in his career he was an attorney in the Washington, DC office of Ropes & Gray.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-043" ], "entity_ids": [ "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-kesselman-government", "kind": "fact", "text": "Kesselman previously held U.S. federal government legal posts: General Counsel of the U.S. Department of Agriculture from 2006 through 2008, after nomination by the President and Senate confirmation according to Dean Foods' 2015 release; Deputy General Counsel in the White House Office of Management and Budget from 2003 to 2006; and earlier Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy and Trial Attorney in the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. These posts are listed consistently in Purdue's July 2018 release, the Disclosure Statement, the Dean Foods release and his own biography page.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-008", "src-098", "src-015", "src-043" ], "entity_ids": [ "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-barton", "kind": "fact", "text": "Maria Barton preceded Kesselman as head of Purdue's law department: Purdue Pharma L.P.'s release of 24 July 2018 said that Kesselman succeeded Maria Barton, who had led the company's law department and would remain during a brief transition period before pursuing opportunities outside Purdue. A same-day local press report said she had been promoted to general counsel in February 2017, having joined the company a year earlier.", "qualification": "The February 2017 promotion date and her joining date come only from the press report.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-008", "src-056" ], "entity_ids": [ "maria-barton", "purdue-pharma-lp", "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-lowne-cfo", "kind": "fact", "text": "Jon Lowne stated in his sworn first-day declaration in support of the debtors' chapter 11 petitions (Case No. 19-23649, Doc 3, filed 16 September 2019) that he is a Senior Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer of Purdue Pharma L.P.; that he was first employed by Purdue as Senior Internal Auditor in 1995; that he was Controller from 2005 to July 2017 and Acting Chief Financial Officer from August 2017 to February 2018; and that he has been CFO of Purdue Pharma L.P. since March 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-016", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "jon-lowne", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-lowne-petition", "kind": "fact", "text": "Jon Lowne signed Purdue Pharma L.P.'s voluntary chapter 11 petition and its Official Form 202 declaration under penalty of perjury for non-individual debtors on 15 September 2019, describing his position or relationship to the debtor as \"Authorized Person\".", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "jon-lowne", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-gasdia", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 describes Russell Gasdia as Purdue's Vice President of Sales and Marketing. It alleges that the directors Richard, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Kathe, Beverly and Theresa Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Peter Boer and Judith Lewent authorized him to hire a new staff member to contact prescribers electronically and promote Purdue opioids through the \"Partners Against Pain\" website, and that in 2013 Gasdia and other staff told the board that Purdue's opioid savings cards were keeping patients on its opioids longer and were being pushed by sales representatives, online and by email. Gasdia was also among the defendants named in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts' action.", "qualification": "Allegations in a state complaint, in which Gasdia is not himself a defendant; they concern the directors' alleged authorisations and knowledge and were not adjudicated in the retained records.", "response": "No response by Gasdia is in the retained records. The family directors named in the allegation stated in sworn declarations of March-April 2019 in the Massachusetts action that they did not direct the management of either Purdue company or any sales representative to visit doctors, send emails for savings cards to practitioners or otherwise market in Massachusetts.", "outcome": "No ruling on these allegations appears in the retained records; Connecticut later joined the March 2022 settlement among the debtors, the Sacklers and the Nine, and the $7.4 billion Purdue-Sackler settlement that took effect on 1 May 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-007", "src-044", "src-006" ], "entity_ids": [ "russell-gasdia", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "peter-boer", "judith-lewent" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "peter-boer", "judith-lewent" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-dolan", "kind": "fact", "text": "James J. Dolan, Senior Vice President, Licensing and Business Development, signed the Strategic Alliance Agreement with Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. dated as of 19 November 2008 on behalf of Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P., acting through its general partner Purdue Pharmaceutical Products Inc.; the agreement was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 by Infinity.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-024" ], "entity_ids": [ "james-dolan", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "infinity-pharmaceuticals" ] }, { "id": "c-exec-ct-listing-officers", "kind": "fact", "text": "An undated listing by a commercial company-information aggregator of the officers recorded for Purdue Pharma Inc. in Connecticut names Mark Timney as president and chief executive officer, Edward B. Mahony and Stuart D. Baker as executive vice presidents and Robin Abrams as a vice president, alongside other vice presidents and the directors.", "qualification": "Undated third-party compilation, not the registry itself; it mixes officers from different periods and gives no dates of appointment or departure, so it shows only that these names were recorded at some time as PPI officers.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-026" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "mark-timney", "edward-mahony", "stuart-baker", "robin-abrams" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-side-a", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its 16 December 2021 decision on appeal from the plan confirmation, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Judge McMahon) describes Mortimer Sackler's side of the family as \"Side A\": Mortimer D. Sackler, who died in 2010 and was co-chief executive officer of Purdue with his brother Raymond until the end of his life; his wife Theresa Sackler; and three of his seven children, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler and Mortimer David Alfons (\"Mortimer D.A.\") Sackler. Theresa Sackler and the three children each served on the board of Purdue, the children for nearly 30 years.", "qualification": "The court describes family ties and board service; the board terms themselves are set out on the board page.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-d-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "mortimer-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-side-b", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same decision describes Raymond Sackler's side as \"Side B\": Raymond Sackler, who died in 2017 and was co-chief executive officer of Purdue with his brother Mortimer D. Sackler; his wife Beverly Sackler and his two sons, Jonathan and Richard Sackler, all Purdue board members; Richard Sackler's son David Sackler, also a board member; and Richard Sackler's daughter Marianna Sackler. An online reference biography likewise gives Richard Sackler's parents as Beverly and Raymond Sackler.", "qualification": "The reference biography is an aggregator source and only repeats the parentage that the court record already gives.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-027", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "marianna-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-mds-children-bio", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An online reference biography of Mortimer D. Sackler lists Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt among his children, with Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe A. Sackler and Mortimer David Alfons Sackler, and states that his wife Theresa became Dame Theresa Sackler in 2011.", "qualification": "Aggregator biography, not an official record. The District Court independently names Ilene, Kathe and Mortimer D.A. Sackler as his children and Theresa Sackler as his wife; Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt's parentage rests on this biography alone. Relatives with no role in the record are not named here.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-028" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-d-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "theresa-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-marianna", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision states that Marianna (also spelled Mariana) Sackler, Richard Sackler's daughter, held several roles in the \"family business\", including work as a consultant in Purdue's research and development department on OxyContin projects and a \"PR\" role at Mundipharma Italy, an independent associated company (IAC), where she worked on \"information around topics about pain in Italy\" and \"marketing and selling OxyContin\"; she has never been an officer or director of Purdue.", "qualification": "The decision gives no dates for these roles.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "marianna-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mundipharma-italy" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-officers", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court's December 2021 decision, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt also served as officers of Purdue with the title of vice president, and Kathe Sackler with the title of senior vice president, in addition to their seats on the board.", "qualification": "The court gives no dates for these offices. Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 describes Jonathan Sackler as a senior vice president and Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt as vice presidents during the development, launch, promotion and marketing of OxyContin, each resigning that office in or after 2003 while staying on the board; the complaint thus gives Kathe Sackler a different title from the court.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-mnp-mnc", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision describes MNP, later MNC (\"MNP/MNC\"), as an advisory board for IACs worldwide, including pharmaceutical manufacturer IACs and companies the family owns in the pharmaceutical business, whose recommendations the IACs typically followed. Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler, Theresa Sackler and Mortimer D.A. Sackler served as directors of MNP/MNC for many years; Richard Sackler served as a director of MNP/MNC until 2018 and as director of at least one IAC; David Sackler also served as a director of MNP/MNC.", "qualification": "The decision gives no start dates and no legal form for MNP/MNC. Whether MNP/MNC is the same entity as MNP Consulting Limited (Delaware), which the debtors' Disclosure Statement lists among IACs, is not established.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "mnp-mnc", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-wealth", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision notes that, in large part because of the success of their pharmaceutical business, the Sackler family had long been ranked on a business magazine's list of America's richest families and in 2015 became one of the twenty wealthiest families in America, with a reported net worth of $14 billion.", "qualification": "A reported figure for the whole family's wealth in 2015, not an asset value of Purdue Pharma L.P. or of any one family member.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-mdl-evidence", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision states that evidence produced in the opioid multidistrict litigation demonstrated that members of the Sackler family were heavily involved in decisions on how to market and sell opioids: certain family members, notably Richard Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Theresa Sackler, \"aggressively set and pushed sales targets for OxyContin that were higher than those recommended by Purdue executives\", accompanied sales representatives on \"ride along\" visits to health care providers, approved \"countless settlements related to Purdue's culpable conduct\" and oversaw sales and marketing budgets.", "qualification": "The decision describes the evidentiary record of the plan-confirmation proceedings; it is not a judgment of liability against any family member. The decision records that the Sacklers do not concede the truth of Purdue's admissions in its 2020 plea, and that the Bankruptcy Court (Judge Drain) made no findings on the merit of the estates' claims against any member of the family. A dissent in the Supreme Court's decision of 27 June 2024 states that neither the U.S. Government nor any State has brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually.", "response": "Counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch said in April 2021, as reported by the press, that documents released in Purdue's bankruptcy show that the family members who served on the board acted \"ethically and lawfully\".", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040", "src-085" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-senior-mgmt", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its 30 May 2023 decision on the plan's third-party releases, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit described Purdue as a closely held corporation and, citing the Bankruptcy Court, said the record tended to show that the Sacklers \"took a major role in corporate decision-making, including Purdue's practices regarding its opioid products that was more akin to the role of senior management\"; the Second Circuit relied on this as part of the identity of interests between the debtors and the Sacklers named as defendants, chiefly as directors and officers. The District Court's 2021 decision similarly says many family members took on an active role comparable to that of senior management before 2018.", "qualification": "Both statements were made in deciding whether third-party releases could be approved, not in adjudicating claims against the family members. The Supreme Court later reversed the Second Circuit's judgment on the separate question whether the Bankruptcy Code authorises non-consensual third-party releases.", "response": "Counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch said in April 2021, as reported by the press, that the family members who served on the board acted \"ethically and lawfully\".", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-doj-board-role", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In Addendum A to its 2020 civil settlement agreement with Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler (the \"Named Sacklers\"), the United States states that the Named Sacklers were not passive board members: Richard, Jonathan and Kathe Sackler at times kept offices at Purdue's headquarters; Richard, Jonathan, Kathe and Mortimer D.A. Sackler communicated directly with Purdue executives, including sales and marketing executives, on forecasts and strategies; and Richard, Mortimer D.A. and Kathe Sackler were involved in employment decisions for the CEO and sales and marketing leadership positions. It quotes a February 2011 memorandum saying the roles of board and management were \"blurred\" and a 2017 comment by a high-level Purdue executive that the Board of Directors was serving as the \"de-facto\" CEO.", "qualification": "These are the United States' allegations, set out as the conduct underlying its civil claims; they were not tried or adjudicated.", "response": "The agreement states that it is not an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers and that they expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct.", "outcome": "Under the agreement the Named Sacklers agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest; the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement describes the $225 million as already paid directly to the DOJ outside the plan.", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-ny-defendants", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's complaint against Purdue Pharma L.P. and others in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Suffolk County (as filed with a September 2019 letter rogatory), names as individual defendants eight family members described as the remaining living Sackler family members who served on the board of Purdue Pharma Inc.: Richard S., Jonathan D., Mortimer D.A., Kathe A., David A., Beverly and Theresa Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt. It states that Richard Sackler joined the board in 1990 and was its co-chair from 2003 until he left the board in 2018; that Mortimer D.A. Sackler had been a board member since 1993; that Beverly Sackler served from 1993 through 2017 and Theresa Sackler from 1993 through 2018; that Jonathan and Kathe Sackler joined in 1990, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt served from 1990 and David Sackler joined in 2012.", "qualification": "Statements in a state complaint describing the defendants; the complaint's claims against them were not adjudicated in the retained record. The board terms broadly agree with the tenures listed by the United States in its 2020 settlement agreement.", "response": "A status report in the New York coordinated opioid litigation records that, by appearing at the status conference of 12 August 2019, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe A. Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Theresa Sackler did not concede that they were proper parties and reserved all defenses, including lack of personal jurisdiction as to Kathe and Theresa Sackler. Counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch later said, as reported in the press, that the family members who served on the board acted \"ethically and lawfully\".", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "david-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "david-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-richard-career", "kind": "attributed", "text": "State complaints describe Richard Sackler's executive career at Purdue. Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 says he began working for Purdue as an assistant to the president in the 1970s, later served as Vice President of Marketing and Sales, became Senior Vice President in the early 1990s and was President and CEO from 1999 to 2003, and that he is named as an inventor on dozens of patents relating to oxycodone and other pain medications, most of them assigned to Purdue. The New York Attorney General's complaint says he was Purdue's head of research and development from at least 1990 through 1999 and its president from 1999 through 2003. An online reference biography says he joined Purdue in 1971 as assistant to his father, then the company's president, and later headed research and development and marketing.", "qualification": "Complaint allegations and an aggregator biography. The District Court's 2021 decision gives his presidency as 2000-2003, followed by co-chair of the board 2003-2007 and chair from about 2008 until 2010 or 2011, so the sources differ on the start year of his presidency.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-027", "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-ny-nonprofits-side-b", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's 2019 complaint describes offices that Side B family members held in New York not-for-profit corporations: Richard S. Sackler as a trustee of the Sackler School of Medicine, a director and vice president of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation and a director, president and treasurer of the Richard and Beth Sackler Foundation Inc.; Jonathan D. Sackler as a trustee of the Sackler School of Medicine, president and CEO of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation and vice president of the Richard and Beth Sackler Foundation Inc.; and Beverly Sackler as a director, secretary and treasurer of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation.", "qualification": "Offices as described in the complaint at the time it was filed; they were not checked against the corporations' own filings in the retained record. This New York foundation is a different legal entity from the UK company of the same name registered at Companies House.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "beverly-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-ny-nonprofits-side-a", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same complaint describes offices that Side A family members held in New York not-for-profit corporations: Mortimer D.A. Sackler as a director and president of the Mortimer and Jacqueline Sackler Foundation and a director, vice president and treasurer of the Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation, Inc.; Kathe A. Sackler as a director and president of the Shack Sackler Foundation, a director, vice president and secretary of the Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation Inc. and a governor of the New York Academy of Sciences; and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt as a director of Columbia University and president of the Sackler Lefcourt Center for Child Development Inc.", "qualification": "Offices as described in the complaint at the time it was filed; they were not checked against the corporations' own filings in the retained record.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-2007-email-counsel", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision states that in May 2007, shortly after the 2007 guilty plea and settlement, David Sackler emailed Jonathan Sackler, Richard Sackler and their financial advisor about the family's personal liability (\"Until suits get through to the family?\"); that in his deposition David Sackler agreed his email of 17 May 2007 reflected concern that the family would be sued in connection with Purdue's sale of OxyContin; and that less than a week later Richard and Jonathan Sackler met with a bankruptcy attorney, though Purdue was not in debt and not at risk of bankruptcy.", "qualification": "The court's account of documents and testimony in the confirmation record, given in the decision's discussion of distributions to the family; not a finding of liability.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "david-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-2007-advisor-memo", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision states that on 26 July 2007 a family financial advisor sent Jonathan Sackler a confidential memorandum advising that Purdue faced \"[u]ncapped liabilities\" that posed \"a huge valuation question\", and adding: \"I presume the family has taken most of the appropriate defensive measures\"; a separate memorandum proposed distributing more free cash flow so the owners could buy diversifying assets.", "qualification": "The court's account of documents in the confirmation record; the advisor is not named in the decision.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-2cir-anticipation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Second Circuit's 30 May 2023 decision states that starting in 2007 the Sacklers anticipated that litigation against Purdue would eventually affect them directly, citing an email in which David Sackler wrote to Jonathan and Richard Sackler: \"We will be sued ... [A]sk yourself how long it will take these lawyers to figure out that we might settle with them if they can freeze our assets and threaten us.\"", "qualification": "The decision does not date the email; whether it is the May 2007 email described by the District Court is not stated.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "david-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-mda-2008-email", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 quotes a February 2008 email from Mortimer D.A. Sackler to Jonathan and Richard Sackler saying that the pharmaceutical industry had become \"far too volatile and risky for a family to hold 95% of its wealth in\", that it was not prudent \"for us to stay in the business\", and that when a sale was last discussed in 2000 the family chose to keep Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. as privately held companies used \"as an investment platform in the pharma industry\". The District Court's 2021 decision likewise describes a February 2008 email in which \"Mortimer Sackler\" wished to leave the pharmaceutical business altogether.", "qualification": "The email is quoted by a party to the litigation; the District Court does not add the middle initials, and a 2019 press report describes the same quoted email as written by Mortimer D.A. Sackler to his cousins.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-003", "src-086" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-richard-2014-email", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2019 press report quotes a 2014 email from Richard Sackler to his sons, filed as an exhibit in court proceedings: \"In the years when the business was producing massive amounts of cash, the shareholders departed from the practice of our industry peers and took the money out of the business.\" The report notes that Purdue's only shareholders are Sacklers and that the New York Attorney General alleges the family sent the money offshore to \"unknown trusts, partnerships, companies\" and other entities it controls.", "qualification": "Press account of a court exhibit and of a state allegation; the email itself is not in the retained record. The distributions are documented on the payments page.", "response": "The District Court records that the Sacklers vehemently deny any suggestion that the transfers would qualify as fraudulent conveyances.", "outcome": "In the bankruptcy the District Court recorded that family members' assets are held principally in purportedly spendthrift trusts in the United States and offshore, many of them in the Bailiwick of Jersey; the Second Circuit recorded the Bankruptcy Court's finding that the family's assets are \"widely scattered and primarily held\" in such trusts, and the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement says most of the wealth is concentrated in dozens of U.S. and foreign-based spendthrift trusts.", "source_ids": [ "src-086", "src-003", "src-044", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-ma-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A March 2019 press report describes the complaint of Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey, one of the lawsuits naming members of the Sackler family, as alleging that \"they directed deceptive sales and marketing practices deep within Purdue\" and as portraying the Sacklers as forceful board members intent on pushing Purdue's sales force to persuade doctors to prescribe more OxyContin at higher doses. The report quotes an email included in the complaint in which Richard Sackler wrote: \"We have to hammer on the abusers in every way possible. They are the culprits and the problem. They are reckless criminals.\"", "qualification": "Allegations in a state complaint as summarised by the press; the complaint itself is not in the retained record and was not adjudicated there.", "response": "Purdue Pharma denied the claims and moved to dismiss the lawsuit, calling it \"replete with sensational and inflammatory allegations\" (as reported); a spokesperson for Sackler family members said in the same report that plaintiffs' court filings \"have created an erroneous picture and resulted in unwarranted criticism\".", "outcome": "On 18 September 2019 the debtors moved for a preliminary injunction in their adversary proceeding against the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and others (Adv. Pro. No. 19-08289); the Bankruptcy Court halted the litigation in October 2019, enjoined actions against the debtors and their current and former owners, officers and directors on 6 November 2019, and repeatedly extended the injunction.", "source_ids": [ "src-090", "src-015", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-kathe-deposition", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to a press report on a book by an investigative journalist, Kathe Sackler, questioned by a class-action plaintiffs' lawyer in a sworn deposition, asserted that the family had nothing to be ashamed of or apologize for and that she deserved credit for coming up with \"the idea\" of OxyContin, which she called \"a very good medicine and ... a very effective and safe medicine\". The book recounts that in spring 2019 she, seven of her Sackler relatives and Purdue Pharma were being sued by cities and states across the US.", "qualification": "Account of a deposition as recounted in a book and reported in the press; the deposition transcript is not in the retained record and its date is not given.", "response": "The same report says that Kathe Sackler and David Sackler, testifying remotely before Congress in December 2020, spoke words of sympathy but denied family culpability.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-085" ], "entity_ids": [ "kathe-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-2007-prosecution-press", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same press report states that the Sacklers who were Purdue board members \"escaped unscathed\" in the 2007 federal prosecution of the company and three of its senior executives, and that the book describes the most active Sacklers within the company, especially Raymond Sackler and his sons Richard and Jonathan, as having driven the aggressive sales and marketing strategy for OxyContin. It adds that after Purdue's second federal guilty plea the relevant Sacklers paid $225 million under the Justice Department settlement but faced no charges and admitted no wrongdoing.", "qualification": "Press and book characterisation, not a finding. In 2007 the corporate defendant that pleaded guilty was The Purdue Frederick Company, and three of its executives pleaded individually. A dissent in the Supreme Court's decision of 27 June 2024 states that neither the U.S. Government nor any State has brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-085", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-branch-statements", "kind": "attributed", "text": "As reported in the press, counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch of the family told a US public radio network that documents released in Purdue Pharma's bankruptcy show that the Sackler family members who served on the company's board acted \"ethically and lawfully\", and criticised the author of a book on the family for refusing to meet family representatives; a spokesperson for the Mortimer Sackler branch said its focus was \"on concluding a resolution that will provide help to people and communities in need, rather than on this book\".", "qualification": "Statements by the family branches' representatives as reported in the press; they answer the book and the allegations generally rather than any specific claim.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-085" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-fam-jonathan-death", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A press report of 7 July 2020 states that Jonathan Sackler, one of the owners of Purdue Pharma, son of Raymond Sackler (one of the brothers who bought Purdue Frederick in 1952) and a former executive and board member, died on 30 June 2020 according to a court filing; like other family members he had stepped off the board in recent years, though family members kept ownership. The United States' 2020 settlement agreement accordingly names the Estate of Jonathan Sackler among the Named Sacklers.", "qualification": "The date of death is as reported from a court filing; Companies House records his resignation as a director of the UK Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation on the same date. Colorado was among the states that had named him personally as a defendant.", "response": "", "outcome": "The Estate of Jonathan Sackler signed the United States' civil settlement agreement, dated 21 October 2020, as one of the Named Sacklers.", "source_ids": [ "src-092", "src-004", "src-022" ], "entity_ids": [ "jonathan-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-definition", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's 16 December 2021 decision describes independent associated companies (\"IACs\") as certain foreign companies ultimately owned by the Sackler family: Purdue Pharma L.P. manufactures OxyContin for itself and, in limited quantities, for certain foreign IACs and receives royalties from the IACs' sales of OxyContin abroad; the IACs are not debtors in the bankruptcy. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 gives the same description and states that the IACs are owned equally by the A-Side and B-Side families.", "qualification": "Neither record says which IACs buy OxyContin or pay royalties, or on what terms.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-ownership-factum", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In its factum of September 2021 in the Canadian recognition proceedings before the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List), Purdue Pharma L.P., as foreign representative of the debtors, stated that the IACs are ultimately owned by the same entities that own the Chapter 11 debtors, but are not direct or indirect subsidiaries of the debtors and carry on independent business operations.", "qualification": "The debtors' own characterisation of the IACs in litigation, not a finding by the court.", "response": "The Special Committee's investigation, as summarised in the debtors' Disclosure Statement, considered potential veil-piercing claims on the theory that members of the Sackler families controlled and dominated the debtors and the IACs and operated them as a single enterprise; those theories were not adjudicated.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-purdue-canada", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In its factum as foreign representative in the Canadian recognition proceeding before the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List), returnable 21 September 2021, Purdue Pharma L.P. stated that products in Canada were sold and marketed by Purdue Canada, not by the Chapter 11 debtors, and that Purdue Pharma has never manufactured, distributed, marketed, promoted or sold OxyContin in Canada. The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement explains that Canadian entities called \"Purdue Pharma Inc.\" and \"Purdue Pharma\" are IACs and not the debtors Purdue Pharma Inc. or Purdue Pharma L.P., and that Purdue Canada generally consists of non-debtor IACs.", "qualification": "The statement about OxyContin sales in Canada is the debtors' position against Canadian claimants. Because the Canadian companies share the debtors' names, records that say \"Purdue Pharma\" in a Canadian context may refer to this separate Sackler-owned group.", "response": "", "outcome": "On 17 May 2022 Purdue Canada agreed with 14 Canadian federal, provincial and territorial governments to pay CAD $150 million over seven years to settle a proposed British Columbia class action for healthcare costs against it and other opioid manufacturers and distributors, including Purdue Pharma L.P. and The Purdue Frederick Company; the settlement became effective on 22 May 2024 and Purdue Canada made the first payment on 21 June 2024.", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-canada", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-separation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 states that officers or employees of Purdue Pharma L.P. who were at the same time directors, officers or employees of IACs resigned one of those roles, so that no current officer or employee of Purdue Pharma L.P. was a director, officer or employee of any IAC on the petition date or during the Chapter 11 cases, and that under the Special Committee's supervision the debtors reviewed their agreements with the IACs and terminated, amended or documented them as appropriate.", "qualification": "The Disclosure Statement does not list the individuals concerned or the dates of their resignations.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-osr-txp", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 describes One Stamford Realty L.P. (\"OSR\"), the counterparty to the lease of Purdue Pharma's headquarters, as an IAC that provided facilities and administrative services to Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc., and TXP Services Inc. (\"TXP\") as an IAC that provided accounting and other administrative services to them. At the Special Committee's direction the services agreements were renegotiated, so that TXP and OSR no longer provide the accounting, facilities and administrative services they historically provided. Exhibit X to the 2025 plan's Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement lists both One Stamford Realty L.P. and TXP Services Inc. as \"II-way\" entities owned in equal shares through both family branches.", "qualification": "The Disclosure Statement gives no date for the renegotiation or the payments under the agreements.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "one-stamford-realty", "txp-services", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-doj-release", "kind": "fact", "text": "The United States' 2020 settlement agreement with Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler releases, besides family members and trusts, the Purdue parent entities and the \"Independent Associated Companies\" listed in its Addendum C from the United States' civil monetary claims based on the covered conduct. The IAC list includes the Mundipharma companies (among them Mundipharma International Limited, Mundipharma Limited, Mundipharma IT Services Limited and Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH), the Napp companies (among them Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited and Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited), Euro-Celtique S.A., Bard Pharmaceuticals Limited, MN Consulting LLC, MNP Consulting Limited, One Stamford Realty L.P., Paineurope Limited and the Canadian companies Purdue Frederick Inc., Purdue Pharma Inc. (Canadian Company) and Purdue Pharma ULC.", "qualification": "A release list in a civil settlement; inclusion records who is released, not any finding about the listed companies.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "mundipharma-international-ltd", "mundipharma-limited", "mundipharma-it-services", "mundipharma-verwaltung", "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "euro-celtique", "bard-pharmaceuticals", "mnp-consulting", "one-stamford-realty", "paineurope", "purdue-canada", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-exhibit-x", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X (\"Certain Shareholder Released Parties\") to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement filed in the Purdue bankruptcy case (Doc 9132) classifies the family's operating companies abroad as \"II-way\" entities, defined as entities directly or indirectly owned by persons or trusts associated with both the Raymond Sackler family and the Mortimer Sackler family, with equal interests for each. They include, in the United Kingdom, Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited and other Napp companies, Paineurope Limited, Qdem Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bard Pharmaceuticals Limited, Mundipharma International Limited, Mundipharma IT Services Limited and Mundipharma Limited (with The Napp Educational Foundation listed as a foundation); Euro-Celtique S.A. (Luxembourg); Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (Germany); Purdue Pharma, Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma ULC (Canada); and, in the United States, MNP Consulting Limited, Avrio Health Inc. and Coventry Technologies L.P.", "qualification": "Release-list classification by ownership type; Avrio Health Inc. listed here is distinct from the debtor Avrio Health L.P.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "paineurope", "bard-pharmaceuticals", "mundipharma-international-ltd", "mundipharma-it-services", "mundipharma-limited", "euro-celtique", "mundipharma-verwaltung", "purdue-canada", "mnp-consulting", "coventry-technologies", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-pickett", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 states that Dr. Cecil B. Pickett, a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. since January 2010, previously served on the boards of three IACs - MNP Consulting Limited (Delaware), Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (Germany) and Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd. (United Kingdom) - and resigned from each of these positions on or before 9 August 2018. The Companies House filing history of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited records, both on 18 August 2010, an appointment (AP01) and a termination of appointment (TM01) of Cecil Pickett as a director.", "qualification": "The filing history does not explain the two same-day filings, and the start dates of his IAC directorships are not in the retained record.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-076" ], "entity_ids": [ "cecil-pickett", "mnp-consulting", "mundipharma-verwaltung", "napp-holdings", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-napp-ppi-directors", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Companies House filing history of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (company 03486244) also lists, as directors, people who sat on the board of Purdue Pharma Inc.: filings of 6 August 2010 record changes to the details of directors Judy Lewent and Peter Boer as at 31 July 2010, and appointment filings record Paulo Ferraz Costa (filed 27 April 2012), David Alex Sackler (filed 24 July 2012) and Ralph Snyderman (filed 2 August 2012). In sworn declarations Paulo Costa and Ralph Snyderman gave the start of their Purdue Pharma Inc. directorships as 25 April 2012 and 1 August 2012, and the United States' 2020 settlement lists David A. Sackler's Purdue Pharma Inc. board tenure as beginning on 19 July 2012.", "qualification": "The Napp filings name the officers without other identifiers; their identity with the Purdue Pharma Inc. directors of the same names rests on the names and the closely matching dates (Peter Boer's declaration gives his Purdue Pharma Inc. directorship from 18 April 2008 and Judith Lewent's from 20 March 2009). Filing dates are not appointment dates, and resignation dates at Napp for these directors are not in the retained record.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-076", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-holdings", "judith-lewent", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "david-sackler", "ralph-snyderman", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-napp-group-family", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House's officer list for Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (company 00884285), a UK IAC, records eleven Sackler family directors: Mortimer David Sackler (20 June 1995 to 24 March 2010), Raymond Raphael Sackler (20 June 1995 to 17 July 2017), Beverly Sackler and Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt (both 20 June 1995 to 17 October 2017), Jonathan David Sackler, Kathe Anne Sackler, Mortimer David Alfons Sackler, Richard Stephen Sackler, Theresa Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt (all 20 June 1995 to 11 June 2018), and David Alex Sackler (19 July 2012 to 11 June 2018).", "qualification": "The register shows no earlier service and does not explain the common dates. Mortimer D. Sackler and Raymond Sackler died in 2010 and 2017 respectively, according to the District Court.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089", "src-017", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-group", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "david-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-napp-holdings-family", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House appointment records show Sackler family members as directors of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (company 03486244): Richard Stephen Sackler from 31 March 1999, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt from 5 April 1999, Mortimer David Alfons Sackler from 6 April 1999, Kathe Anne Sackler from 8 April 1999 and David Alex Sackler from 19 July 2012, each until 11 June 2018, and Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt from 7 May 1999 to 17 October 2017. The company's filings of 6 August 2010 also record changes to directors' details as at 31 July 2010 for Jonathan David Sackler, Theresa Sackler and Raymond Raphael Sackler, showing them as directors at that date. The same personal appointment pages also list each of the first six as a director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited, with the dates shown in that company's officer list.", "qualification": "Appointment and resignation dates at this company for Jonathan, Theresa and Raymond Sackler are not in the retained record.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-012", "src-013", "src-076", "src-017", "src-018", "src-019", "src-053" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-holdings", "napp-group", "richard-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "david-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "jonathan-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-napp-group-later", "kind": "fact", "text": "Of the 25 officer records of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited, 23 are resignations; the two directors shown as active in the retrieved register snapshot are Stephen Johan Jamieson (appointed 22 February 2019) and Bryan George Lea (appointed 1 January 2020). The company's secretaries were TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED (from before 31 July 1991 to 25 March 2008 and again from 26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018) and CORNHILL SERVICES LIMITED (25 March 2008 to 26 February 2009).", "qualification": "Registry snapshot; the officer page itself carries no date.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-group", "stephen-johan-jamieson", "bryan-george-lea", "tiercel-services", "cornhill-services" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-baker", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House records Stuart David Baker as a director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited from 8 December 1994 to 31 December 2019, as a director of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited at 31 July 2010, as a director of MUNDIPHARMA IT SERVICES LIMITED (07485493) from 27 April 2012 to 31 December 2019 and of PAINEUROPE LIMITED (02714090, dissolved) from 6 January 2009 to 31 December 2019, and as a director of MUNDIPHARMA LIMITED (00553824, dissolved) from 4 September 2014. Companies of these names are listed as IACs in the United States' 2020 settlement and as II-way entities in Exhibit X.", "qualification": "The registry pages give the full name Stuart David Baker. That he is the Stuart D. Baker named in other records as a director of Beacon Trust Company Ltd. (a 2010 securities prospectus) and in Exhibit X as a current or former director of an II-way entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain and a trustee rests on the name and context.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089", "src-076", "src-084", "src-004", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "stuart-baker", "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "mundipharma-it-services", "paineurope", "mundipharma-limited" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-mitchell", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House records Christopher Benbow Mitchell as a director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited from before 31 July 1991 to 12 April 2018 and of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited at 31 July 2010, as a director of The Sackler Trust from 17 September 2009 to 5 October 2019 and as a director of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED from 28 June 2011.", "qualification": "One Companies House officer record links these appointments. That he is the Christopher B. Mitchell named in a 2010 securities prospectus as a director of Beacon Trust Company Ltd. rests on the name and context.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089", "src-076", "src-069", "src-070" ], "entity_ids": [ "christopher-mitchell", "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "sackler-trust", "tradewhiz" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-tiercel-iacs", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House lists TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED (company 01353477), a corporate secretary at New Zealand House, 80 Haymarket, London, among 36 recorded appointments, as secretary of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (from before 31 July 1991 to 25 March 2008 and from 26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018), Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (19 December 1997 to 25 March 2008 and 26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018), Mundipharma International Limited and Bard Pharmaceuticals Limited (each 26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018), Paineurope Limited (1 January 2009 to 11 June 2018), other Napp and Mundipharma companies, and Mundipharma Limited (from 1 January 2009). Its appointments also include companies with no evident Sackler connection, such as language-school companies.", "qualification": "A shared company secretary is a service relationship; it does not show common ownership or control.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-071" ], "entity_ids": [ "tiercel-services", "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "mundipharma-international-ltd", "bard-pharmaceuticals", "paineurope", "mundipharma-limited" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-tiercel-family", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same appointment list shows TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED as secretary of the UK family charities and companies: the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation (company 06802985) from 27 January 2009 to 10 April 2025, The Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation (06802998) from 27 January 2009 to 31 July 2022, The Sackler Trust (07022224) from 17 September 2009 to 31 July 2022, and the since-dissolved TRADEWHIZ LIMITED (03896720) from 24 January 2000 and FORMULATION PRODUCTS LIMITED (03698352) from 4 March 1999.", "qualification": "A shared company secretary serving both family branches' charities is a service relationship, not evidence of common control.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-071" ], "entity_ids": [ "tiercel-services", "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "sackler-trust", "tradewhiz", "formulation-products" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-sackler-trust", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House lists, for THE SACKLER TRUST (company 07022224), Dame Theresa Elizabeth Sackler as a director since 18 September 2009 and Anthony Collins as a director since 20 June 2016, with four further directors appointed on 24 November 2009 who have no other role in this record. Former officers include Dr Mortimer David Sackler (director, 24 November 2009 to 24 March 2010), Christopher Benbow Mitchell (director, 17 September 2009 to 5 October 2019) and TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED (secretary, 17 September 2009 to 31 July 2022).", "qualification": "Registry snapshot retrieved in October 2026; directors with no role in the dossier are not named. Two other former directors are omitted for the same reason.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-069", "src-009" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-trust", "theresa-sackler", "anthony-collins", "mortimer-d-sackler", "christopher-mitchell", "tiercel-services" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-mt-foundation", "kind": "fact", "text": "THE DR. MORTIMER AND THERESA SACKLER FOUNDATION is a UK company (06802998) and registered charity (1128926). Companies House lists Theresa Elizabeth Sackler as a director since 30 September 2009. The Charity Commission register lists nine trustees, among them Dame Theresa Sackler, Dr Kathe Anne Sackler, Mortimer David Alfons Sackler, Mrs I Sackler Lefcourt, Samantha Sophia Hunt and Anthony Collins (appointed 17 October 2016), with three further trustees who have no other role in this record. TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED was its company secretary from 27 January 2009 to 31 July 2022.", "qualification": "The charity register gives an appointment date only for Anthony Collins. \"Mrs I Sackler Lefcourt\" and \"Samantha Sophia Hunt\" are matched to Ilene Sackler Lefcourt and Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt by name.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-009", "src-031", "src-071" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "anthony-collins", "tiercel-services" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-collins", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Charity Commission register shows Anthony Collins, a trustee of The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation since 17 October 2016, as also a trustee of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation, The Sackler Trust and two further Sackler charities - that is, of charities associated with both family branches.", "qualification": "Charity trusteeships only; the register does not show any role for him in the IACs or in Purdue.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-031" ], "entity_ids": [ "anthony-collins", "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "sackler-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-rbsf-uk", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House records Jonathan David Sackler (1 December 2009 to 30 June 2020) and Beverly Sackler (1 December 2009 to 14 October 2019) as directors of the UK company RAYMOND AND BEVERLY SACKLER FOUNDATION (06802985), and TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED as its secretary from 27 January 2009 to 10 April 2025.", "qualification": "A UK company, distinct from the New York not-for-profit corporation of the same name described in the New York Attorney General's complaint. Jonathan Sackler's resignation date is the date of death given for him in a 2020 press report.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-022", "src-023", "src-071", "src-092" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "jonathan-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "tiercel-services" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-tradewhiz-formulation", "kind": "fact", "text": "Companies House records Theresa Elizabeth Sackler as a director of FORMULATION PRODUCTS LIMITED (03698352) from 4 March 1999 and of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED (03896720) from 24 January 2000; both companies are now dissolved. TRADEWHIZ's officer list also shows TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED as secretary from 24 January 2000, Christopher Benbow Mitchell as a director from 28 June 2011 and Mortimer David Sackler as a director from 24 January 2000 to 24 March 2010, after formation agents had acted as nominee secretary and director from 20 December 1999 to 24 January 2000.", "qualification": "The register does not show what business either company carried on.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-009", "src-070" ], "entity_ids": [ "tradewhiz", "formulation-products", "theresa-sackler", "christopher-mitchell", "mortimer-d-sackler", "tiercel-services" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-database-merganser", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A published database of leaked records of a Bermuda law firm (data current through 2014) lists Merganser Limited, a Bermuda company incorporated on 14 December 1998 and closed on 1 October 2009, with three recorded shareholders: an officer named \"Sackler - Mortimer D.\" (linked countries Austria and the United States), \"Millbourne Trust Company Limited\" and Hillside Trust Company Limited; the record is linked to a \"Mundipharma Group\" node.", "qualification": "Leaked data published by journalists, not a registry. The \"Sackler - Mortimer D.\" record has no identifier and cannot be assigned to Mortimer D. Sackler (died 2010) or to Mortimer D.A. Sackler; \"Millbourne Trust Company Limited\" is spelled differently from Millborne Trust Company Limited, trustee of the Hercules Trust, and their identity is not established. The database states that inclusion does not suggest illegal or improper conduct.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-075", "src-083", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "merganser", "database-sackler-mortimer-d", "millborne-trust", "hillside-trust", "mundipharma-group" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-database-sheldrake", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same leaked-records database lists an officer named \"Rosebay Medical Company LLC\" as a shareholder of Sheldrake Limited, a Bermuda company incorporated on 15 December 1998, one day after Merganser Limited.", "qualification": "The record gives no jurisdiction or identifier for \"Rosebay Medical Company LLC\"; it is not shown to be Rosebay Medical Company L.P., the Delaware partnership in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain, whose legal form differs. The database states that inclusion does not suggest illegal or improper conduct.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-113", "src-083" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosebay-medical-llc", "sheldrake" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-rosebay-foreign", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Press reports of 2019 describe Rosebay Medical, the Raymond Sackler side's holding company above Purdue, as also the owner of record of Sackler companies from Poland to New Zealand according to those countries' registries, run from an office in Oklahoma City that manages many family holdings; and report that the Italian business register lists the owners of Mundipharma's Italian branch, which began in 2005, as three Luxembourg companies and US-based Rosebay Medical Co., whose board, according to a 2017 SEC filing, included Richard and Jonathan Sackler. The reports say Mundipharma, like Purdue, is owned by a network of trusts benefiting the Sacklers.", "qualification": "Press accounts of foreign registries that are not in the retained record. The reports do not give Rosebay's legal form; Rosebay Medical Company L.P. is the partnership in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain, and its general partner Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. had Richard and Jonathan Sackler on its board according to the New York complaint.", "response": "A Mundipharma Europe spokesman said Mundipharma and Purdue have different managers and portfolios and do not share strategies.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-086", "src-107", "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosebay-medical-lp", "mundipharma-italy", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-mundipharma-italy-case", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A May 2019 press report on an Italian corruption investigation in Parma says that two managers of Mundipharma accepted plea bargains in January 2019 in connection with allegations that they paid a doctor to help sell more drugs, and that the company's Italian branch was fined; the report describes this as the first known case outside the United States in which employees of the Sackler-owned pharmaceutical group were criminally implicated.", "qualification": "Press account of Italian proceedings whose records are not in the retained record. The case concerns Mundipharma's Italian branch and its managers, not Purdue Pharma L.P. or any family member; the managers are not named.", "response": "A lawyer for the managers said the pleas were not an admission of guilt; a Mundipharma Europe spokesman said the corporation did not admit wrongdoing and denied endorsing any message minimizing addiction risks. Company spokesmen said the corporate offices thought the payments were for legitimate services such as consultancy and events, and that Mundipharma's internal probe found violations of company policies but concluded that \"a significant part\" of the payments appeared legitimate.", "outcome": "According to the report, the company suspended and later dismissed the two managers, who received suspended sentences under their plea bargains; Mundipharma's Italian branch accepted a plea bargain for failing to prevent the alleged activities and was fined 40,000 euros, and after Mundipharma revamped its policies the prosecutors withdrew a motion to suspend the company from government contracts.", "source_ids": [ "src-107" ], "entity_ids": [ "mundipharma-italy" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mundipharma-italy" ] }, { "id": "c-iac-2007-plea-list", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2019 press report states that Purdue's 2007 plea agreement with federal prosecutors listed 215 companies under its corporate umbrella, but that the list did not include a number of companies used to manage property and investments for family members or the trusts, some offshore, set up to administer their fortunes.", "qualification": "Press characterisation; the list itself is not in the retained record. The 2007 plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-086" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-1a-report", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement dated 1 July 2025 records that AlixPartners, engaged by the debtors' counsel in April 2019, prepared on behalf of the board's Special Committee a 355-page report of all cash transfers to the Sackler Families and Sackler Entities from 1 January 2008 through 30 September 2019 (the “1A Report”), which the debtors filed with the Bankruptcy Court on 16 December 2019 [D.I. 654]. The report details approximately $10.347 billion in total net cash distributions paid by Purdue Pharma L.P. and Rhodes to or for the benefit of the Sackler Families and Sackler Entities in that period: $4.120 billion in cash distributions to partners of Purdue Pharma L.P., approximately $4.680 billion in Tax Distributions for the benefit of partners and approximately $1.547 billion in distributions earmarked for other Sackler Entities. According to the Disclosure Statement, the figures were essentially identical to the company's own earlier calculation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "alixpartners", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-1b-bates-white", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement, AlixPartners also produced for the Special Committee a 400-page report on Purdue Pharma L.P.'s non-cash distributions and transfers and other dealings with Sackler Entities from 1 January 2008 to 15 September 2019 (the “1B Report”, filed on 29 May 2020 [D.I. 1194]), and the valuation firm Bates White assessed whether Purdue Pharma received fair value in those transactions. Bates White determined in its professional judgment that Purdue Pharma transferred significant value to the Sackler Families and Sackler Entities in that period, including distributions of non-cash assets such as equity interests in businesses distributed out of Purdue Pharma in 2013 and 2014 and the assignment in 2017 of the right to future royalties payable on non-ADF formulations of OxyContin, and that certain dealings were not on arm's-length terms, in particular that Purdue Pharma received below-market royalties from the Sackler Families and Sackler Entities on sales of OxyContin.", "qualification": "Professional judgment of the debtors' valuation consultant as presented to the Special Committee and, on a common-interest basis, to the creditors' committee; it is not a court finding, and the retained passage does not state the amounts Bates White estimated.", "response": "The Disclosure Statement expects the Sackler Parties to point to documents indicating that certain transfers of assets and certain off-market intercompany dealings were based on rational business planning or the continuation of long-standing practices, such as distributions for tax purposes.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "alixpartners", "bates-white", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-tax-distributions", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that since its formation on 12 June 1991 Purdue Pharma L.P. has been treated as a pass-through entity that is not itself subject to U.S. federal income tax, its taxable income being reportable by its shareholders, and that, as set out in agreements entered into by the Sackler Parties, the debtors distributed amounts equal to the income tax liability at the highest tax rate of any shareholder. Approximately $4.7 billion of the $10.4 billion of cash distributions identified in the 1A Report were identified as tax distributions.", "qualification": "", "response": "The Disclosure Statement sets out that the debtors would argue that tax distributions made while Purdue Pharma was insolvent can be recovered as transfers for less than reasonably equivalent value, and that the Sackler Parties would argue that the distributions let Purdue Pharma benefit from its limited-partnership structure without entity-level tax, noting that it would otherwise have been subject to the 35% federal statutory corporate rate for most of the period, although comparable companies had lower effective rates.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-cessation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that all cash distributions to the Sackler Families ceased in 2017; that in 2017 Purdue Pharma L.P. lent $313 million to its parent, Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P., which was repaid before the petition date; that a $1.7 million loan by Purdue Pharma to an independent associated company was also repaid and no loans from Purdue Pharma to any of the independent associated companies remain outstanding; and that reimbursement of officer and director legal fees owed to members of the Sackler Families ceased as of 1 March 2019, with certain expenses of family members over the preceding ten years repaid.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-settlements-paid", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that in aggregate Purdue Pharma L.P. paid approximately $342 million in settlements from 2008 through 2019, excluding matters involving patents and similar intellectual-property disputes, and that its enterprise value exceeded the amounts it paid in settlements before the bankruptcy filing.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-ds-claims-assessment", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In assessing potential fraudulent-transfer claims against the Sackler Parties, the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that liabilities based on the total claims asserted by the federal government and resolved through the DOJ Resolution would exceed Purdue Pharma L.P.'s present enterprise value and, taken at face value, would support a claim of insolvency before the petition date, but that the documents do not explain how liability accrued over time; that documents could be used to argue that, as early as 2007, individual members of the Sackler Parties and of the board believed Purdue Pharma faced substantial legal risks from its sale and marketing of opioid products, and that some documents reflect discussions of ways to diversify the Sackler Parties' wealth, including through strategies to distribute Purdue Pharma's assets; and that the record shows a large increase in cash distributions beginning in 2008, shortly after the 2007 federal and state settlements. It concludes that recovery on constructive or intentional fraudulent-transfer theories is uncertain.", "qualification": "Litigation-risk assessment by the debtors in support of their plan settlement; intent would need to be proven transfer by transfer, likely by clear and convincing evidence, and the retained record shows no adjudication of these claims.", "response": "The Disclosure Statement expects the Sackler Parties to argue that they considered the legal risks manageable, that the rise in distributions coincided with a significant increase in revenues, profits and cash, that family members at times chose to reinvest rather than take distributions, and that some transfers followed rational business planning or long-standing practices such as tax distributions.", "outcome": "Under the settlements in the plan that the Bankruptcy Court confirmed in November 2025 (its modified bench ruling is dated 20 November 2025), the Sackler Parties will pay up to $7 billion over fifteen years in settlement of both the debtors' claims against them and the direct claims of creditors that elect to settle. Under the earlier 2021 plan the Shareholder Released Parties had agreed to contribute $4.325 billion in exchange for releases; in 2024 the Supreme Court held that the bankruptcy code does not authorize a release and injunction that effectively discharges claims against a non-debtor without the affected claimants' consent.", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-003", "src-040", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-court-total", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its Decision and Order on Appeal filed on 16 December 2021 in the appeals from the 2021 plan confirmation, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Judge McMahon) stated that the Sacklers upstreamed some $10.4 billion out of the company between 2008 and 2017, which according to their own expert substantially reduced Purdue's “solvency cushion”, and that over half of that money was either invested in offshore companies owned by the Sacklers or deposited into spendthrift trusts that could not be reached in bankruptcy and offshore entities in places such as the Bailiwick of Jersey. The Court recorded that the post-2007 distributions totalled approximately $10.4 billion, of which approximately $4.6 billion was used to pay pass-through taxes, and that the vast majority of Purdue's 2008–2017 earnings came from OxyContin sales.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-court-pattern", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court found that during 1996–2007 Purdue up-streamed on average 9% of its revenue per year to the Sacklers, but during 2008–2016 on average 53% and as much as 70%; that after 2007 Purdue went from distributing less than 15% of its revenue to distributing as much as 70%, and from distributing approximately 38% of its free cash flow in 2006 to 167.4% in 2007, continuing in the 90% range for the next decade; and that the 2008–2016 distributions contrasted with the practices of Purdue's peer pharmaceutical companies. It explained that the absolute amounts after 2007 dwarfed those of 1995–2007 because concerns about the validity of Purdue's OxyContin patent capped its earnings until 2008, when the patent was definitively held valid.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-court-taxes-pre2008", "kind": "fact", "text": "In response to a question from the District Court, the debtors acknowledged that between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2007 distributions to the Sacklers totalled $1.322 billion, of which $1.192 billion (90.2%) was used to pay taxes. The Court found that in 1996–2007 the Sacklers kept less than 10% of the money distributed by Purdue and used over 90% to pay taxes on Purdue's earnings, whereas in 2008–2016 they retained, in one form or another, 56% of the distributed earnings and used 44% to pay taxes.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-court-recipients", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court found that of the money Purdue distributed from 2008 about 44% went to pay taxes, a small fraction was invested in the independent associated companies owned by the Sacklers, and the rest went to Rosebay and Beacon, which it described as the Side A and B Sackler family trusts. Elsewhere the decision identifies Beacon Company, a Delaware general partnership, as the partnership of Side A (the Mortimer D. Sackler family) and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as the partnership of Side B (the Raymond R. Sackler family), the two owning in equal parts 99.5% of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s parent, Pharmaceutical Research Associates, L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "pra-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-court-solvency", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court found that, according to the Sacklers' own expert, the change in distribution pattern drained Purdue's total assets by 75% and its “solvency cushion” by 82% between 2008 and 2016. It cited a 2014 email in which Richard Sackler wrote that “in the years when the business was producing massive amounts of cash, the shareholders departed from the practice of our industry peers and took the money out of the business”, and at least one 2014 email in which Jonathan Sackler referred to this distributing of cash flow from OxyContin as a “milking” program.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-court-11bn", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recorded that the Bankruptcy Court (Judge Drain), in its 2021 confirmation decision, had before it an extensive report and trial declarations on the “assertedly over $11 billion of avoidable transfers” and acknowledged that the estate had potential claims in that amount, while making no finding that the distributions qualified as fraudulent conveyances or could be recouped by Purdue. The District Court stated that the fact of the transfers out of Purdue and into the family is not contested, citing Richard Sackler's answer at the August 2021 confirmation hearing that the Purdue board had transferred billions of dollars to Sackler family trusts or holding companies in 2008–2018 (“Yes . . . yes, that we did”); only whether any of them would qualify as fraudulent conveyances is in dispute.", "qualification": "", "response": "The District Court noted that the Sacklers vehemently deny any suggestion that any of these transfers would qualify as fraudulent conveyances.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-drain-defences", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's summary of the Bankruptcy Court's assessment of the estates' claims records that Judge Drain noted that over 40% of the purportedly avoidable transfers to the Sacklers were used to pay federal and state taxes associated with Purdue, none of which would be refunded; identified technical defences available to the Sacklers, including statutes of limitations and the impact of prior settlements; pointed to evidence that Purdue may not have been insolvent, unable to pay its debts or left with unreasonably small capital until as late as 2017 or 2018, by which time most or all of the conveyances had been made; and noted that most Sackler family members had nothing to do with Purdue's operations and that no one had identified any action by any of them as passive shareholders that would make them liable on alter ego, veil-piercing or fiduciary-duty claims. Judge Drain made no findings about the actual merit of the estates' claims against any member of the Sackler family.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-scotus", "kind": "fact", "text": "In Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P. (2024), the U.S. Supreme Court's opinion, citing the lower courts, states that before the 2007 plea agreement Purdue's distributions to the Sacklers represented less than 15% of its annual revenue, that afterwards the Sacklers began taking as much as 70% of the company's revenue each year, that between 2008 and 2016 the family's distributions totalled approximately $11 billion, draining Purdue's total assets by 75% and leaving it in “a significantly weakened financial” state, and that the Sacklers diverted much of that money to overseas trusts and family-owned companies.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-bench-2025", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its modified bench ruling of 20 November 2025 granting confirmation of the debtors' Eighteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York recorded the testimony of the debtors' witnesses at the 12 November 2025 hearing, admitted without objection: Mark Rule analysed 37 pre-petition transfers worth some $1.4 billion between the debtors and the Sacklers and concluded that the Sacklers did not provide reasonable value; Richard Collura, who according to the 2025 Disclosure Statement led the AlixPartners team working for the Special Committee, testified on his independent investigation into potential fraudulent-transfer claims against the Sacklers; and John Dubel testified on the Special Committee's investigation of the debtors' potential claims against the Sackler Parties.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "alixpartners", "john-dubel" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-doj-addendum", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Addendum A to the 2020 civil settlement agreement between the United States and Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler (the “Named Sacklers”), headed “The Fraudulent Transfer of Assets from Purdue”, sets out the United States' account that from 1997 through 2007 Purdue distributed a total of $126 million in cash to members of the Sackler family and their holding companies and trusts; that from 2008 to 2018 the Purdue board approved billions in transfers of funds out of Purdue as cash distributions of profits into Sackler family holding companies and trusts; that certain of these distributions and transfers were made with the intent to hinder future creditors and/or were otherwise avoidable as fraudulent transfers; and that Purdue did not fully document certain transfers, did not conduct full valuations of the transferred assets and did not receive reasonably equivalent value for certain of them.", "qualification": "Contentions of the United States; the agreement states that it is neither an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers nor a concession by the United States. The $126 million figure covers cash distributions in 1997–2007; the debtors acknowledged to the District Court $1.322 billion of distributions for 1995–2007, of which $1.192 billion was used for taxes, and the retained records do not reconcile the two figures.", "response": "The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct set out in Addendum A.", "outcome": "Under the agreement the Named Sacklers agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest, and the United States released them and the transferees of funds distributed by Purdue from certain monetary claims; the agreement states that it does not release any claims the debtors' estates can bring, including fraudulent-transfer claims. The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement records the $225 million as already paid directly to the DOJ.", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-doj-poc-cash", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In its proof of claim filed on 30 July 2020 in the Chapter 11 cases, the United States (Department of Justice) states that Purdue filed a Cash Transfers Report showing net cash distributions from Purdue and Rhodes of $10.4 billion from 1 January 2008 through 30 September 2019, and asserts that during that time Purdue approved more than $4 billion of cash distributions to Sackler family holding companies and trusts, separate from the tax distributions used to pay the taxes on Purdue's corporate earnings: approximately $751 million in 2008, $880 million in 2009, $846 million in 2010, $559 million in 2011, $406 million in 2012, $278 million in 2013, $118 million in 2014, $129 million in 2015 and $154 million in 2016, a total of $4.121 billion.", "qualification": "Assertions of a creditor in a proof of claim; the yearly amounts are stated as approximate. The debtors' 1A Report gives $4.120 billion of cash distributions to partners for January 2008–September 2019.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-doj-poc-recipients", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The United States' proof of claim lists distributions which, it asserts on information and belief, ultimately flowed to accounts and entities owned or controlled by or for the benefit of the Sacklers, including $50,000,000 (18 April 2008), $250,000,000 (27 June 2008) and $199,012,182 (25 September 2008) to PLP Associates Holdings L.P.; smaller amounts to PLP Associates Holdings Inc. and Purdue Pharma Inc.; $100,000,000 each to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. on 6 November 2008; payments to Purdue Holdings L.P. (the former name of Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P.) between September 2010 and September 2011, including $261,290,537 on 2 December 2010; and payments to BR Holdings Associates L.P. from December 2011, the last listed being $200,000 on 14 September 2017. It asserts that the Sackler family owns and controls PRA LP and the PLP and BR holding entities it names.", "qualification": "Assertions of a creditor in a proof of claim, made on information and belief; the table gives approximate dates and amounts.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-038", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "purdue-pharma-inc", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "pra-lp", "br-holdings-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-doj-poc-noncash", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The United States' proof of claim asserts that Purdue also transferred assets directly and indirectly to its parent PRA LP, which is not a party to the bankruptcy and is ultimately owned and controlled by entities owned and controlled by or for the benefit of the Sacklers, and lists Purdue's accounting valuations of the transferred assets: equity of Coventry Technologies, L.P. ($52,328,000, estimated date 1 January 2008); stock of Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ($21,160,000 on 31 December 2008, $11,830,000 on 7 January 2009 and $230,095,802 on 31 December 2013); equity of Millsaw Realty L.P. ($7,412,000, 1 January 2009); stock of Kolltan Pharmaceuticals ($12,950,000, 30 September 2009) and Kolltan stock and cash ($2,170,802, 31 December 2014); stock of Novelos Therapeutics, Inc. ($23,140,097, 28 February 2009); equity of Lucien Holdings S.ar.l. (negative $543,000, 2010) and of New Suffolk Holdings LLP ($32,761,081, 2010); rights to Dilaudid ($16,966,491, 1 May 2017); and rights to non-ADF OxyContin (1 January 2017) and to MS Contin (1 May 2017) with unknown values; the stated total is $412,272,152. It asserts that Purdue did not fully document many of the transfers or fully value certain of the assets and, on information and belief, that the transfers were made with intent to hinder creditors' recovery or without reasonably equivalent value.", "qualification": "Assertions of a creditor in a proof of claim; the values are Purdue's accounting valuations as reported by the United States, not market values, and the line items in the retained copy do not add up exactly to the stated total.", "response": "The Disclosure Statement expects the Sackler Parties to point to documents indicating that certain transfers of assets and certain off-market intercompany dealings were based on rational business planning or the continuation of long-standing practices, such as distributions for tax purposes.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp", "coventry-technologies", "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "millsaw-realty", "kolltan-pharmaceuticals", "novelos-therapeutics", "lucien-holdings", "new-suffolk-holdings" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-ct-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Connecticut Attorney General's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 against Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., eight Sackler family members and other directors and executives alleges that in early November 2008 the Sacklers authorized distributions of $275 million each to Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Beacon Company and shortly afterwards a further $325 million to the two; that in December 2010 they authorized $160 million and an additional $100 million of Purdue's profits to be paid to Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Beacon Company through PLP Associates Holdings L.P. and BR Holdings Associates L.P.; and that $189,700,000 in April 2011 and $200 million and $140,800,000 in June and September 2011 were distributed to the two through the same holding companies.", "qualification": "Allegations of a state attorney general in a pleading; the retained record does not show them adjudicated. Some amounts and dates match the United States' proof of claim (for example the 2008 payments to PLP Associates Holdings L.P.) and others do not, and the United States lists the 2010–2011 payments as made to Purdue Holdings L.P.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "plp-associates-lp", "br-holdings-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-press-2010", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2019 press report, citing company records made public in the Massachusetts Attorney General's case, states that at a meeting in December 2010 the Sacklers and other board members approved the withdrawal of $261.3 million from Purdue, to be passed through three layers of holding companies and then split equally between Beacon Co. and Rosebay Medical Co., both controlled by Sackler trusts. The report quotes Kathe Sackler, asked in a deposition whether sums distributed between 2008 and 2011 reached any bank account she controlled, as answering “I hope so ... I think so.”", "qualification": "Press account based on court filings; the United States' proof of claim lists $261,290,537 paid to Purdue Holdings L.P. on 2 December 2010, consistent with the report's figure.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-086", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "kathe-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-press-10-7", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A December 2019 press report, citing court documents, states that the Sackler family transferred about $10.7 billion out of Purdue Pharma from 2008 to 2017, compared with $1.3 billion taken between 1995 and 2007.", "qualification": "Press figure whose scope the report does not explain; it differs from the debtors' 1A Report total of approximately $10.347 billion (Purdue and Rhodes, January 2008–September 2019) and the District Court's $10.4 billion (2008–2017).", "response": "A lawyer for one branch of the family, Daniel Connolly, was reported as saying that more than half of the money outlined in the audit was “paid in taxes and reinvested in businesses that will be sold as part of the proposed settlement.”", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-049" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "daniel-s-connolly" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-irs-2007", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An Internal Revenue Service special agent's 2007 declaration, attached as Attachment I to the plea agreement of The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. and made in support of a forfeiture complaint against that company, states that from 1995 to 30 September 2004 The Purdue Pharma Company, a Delaware general partnership owned by and co-located with The Purdue Frederick Company and Purdue Pharma L.P., made distributions of approximately $2,854,760,301 in profits, including OxyContin proceeds, by wire transfers between Purdue-owned accounts at JP Morgan Chase to The Purdue Frederick Company and Purdue Pharma L.P., and that OxyContin receipts made up as much as 90% of total receipts.", "qualification": "Sworn declaration of a government investigator supporting forfeiture against The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.; the distributions described are between group companies, not payments to family members.", "response": "In the plea agreement the company (“PURDUE”, The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.) agreed to the filing of the civil forfeiture complaint and to sign a settlement agreement acknowledging that the settlement sum represents proceeds of a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1957 and/or is forfeitable in lieu of other property.", "outcome": "Under the 2007 plea agreement $276,100,000 was to be forfeited in cash in settlement of the forfeiture complaint.", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-sofa-2019", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2021 student case study of the bankruptcy, summarising the debtors' Statement of Financial Affairs filed on 29 October 2019, reports that from the beginning of fiscal year 2019 to the petition date the debtors generated $999,694,017.44 in gross revenue and non-business revenue (interest, dividends, royalties and litigation recoveries) printed as “$202, 212,170”, and that payments or transfers to creditors of more than $6,425 within 90 days before the filing, other than regular employee compensation, totalled $333,635,947, overwhelmingly for professional services such as payment processing, legal advice, consulting and data processing.", "qualification": "Secondary summary of a court filing that is not itself retained; figures are as printed in the study.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-dist-celldex-kolltan", "kind": "fact", "text": "Celldex Therapeutics, Inc.'s resale prospectus of 13 February 2017 (SEC Rule 424(b)(3)) records that on 29 November 2016 Celldex completed its merger with Kolltan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which became a wholly-owned Celldex subsidiary, and that Kolltan's investors received in exchange for their share and debt interests 18,257,996 Celldex shares with a calculated value of $62.5 million. The selling stockholders' shares were issued in that merger; they include Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., each with 259,507 shares. The prospectus states that the board of Stanhope Gate Corp., managing general partner of Beacon Company, and the board of Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., general partner of Rosebay Medical Company L.P. (Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler), hold the power to vote or dispose of those shares.", "qualification": "The prospectus does not state how Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. came to hold Kolltan interests; the United States' proof of claim lists Kolltan stock among the assets Purdue transferred to its parent PRA LP in 2009 and 2014, but the retained records do not trace those shares to these holdings.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-073" ], "entity_ids": [ "celldex-therapeutics", "kolltan-pharmaceuticals", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "stanhope-gate", "rosebay-medical-inc", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-pplp-subsidiaries", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P.'s bankruptcy petition of 15 September 2019, filed in the Massachusetts Attorney General's case with the debtors' notice of bankruptcy, states that Purdue Pharma L.P. directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of the debtors Purdue Transdermal Technologies L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P., Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P., Adlon Therapeutics L.P., Imbrium Therapeutics L.P., Greenfield BioVentures L.P., Nayatt Cove Lifescience Inc., Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P., Rhodes Associates L.P., Avrio Health L.P., Seven Seas Hill Corp. and Ophir Green Corp., and 99% of Purdue Neuroscience Company, the remaining 1% of which is held directly by Purdue Pharma Inc.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "adlon-therapeutics", "imbrium-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "rhodes-associates", "avrio-health", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-neuroscience" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-rhodes-subsidiaries", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same September 2019 petition states that Rhodes Associates L.P. directly owns 100% of the ownership interests of the debtors Rhodes Technologies, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. and Paul Land Inc., and that Rhodes Technologies directly owns 100% of UDF L.P. and SVC Pharma Inc.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-associates", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "paul-land", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-rhodes-history", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that Rhodes Tech (or its predecessor) was a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma L.P. before 2008; that on or around 1 January 2008 it was moved to a different Sackler Families ownership chain with the same ultimate owners, through Purdue Pharma's distribution of its interest in Rhodes Tech's parent to an affiliate, and came under common ownership with Rhodes Pharma, created in 2008; that until May 2019 the two were managed by boards separate from Purdue Pharma's, although some of their directors served as directors or officers of Purdue Pharma; and that in May 2019 Rhodes Pharma and Rhodes Tech were contributed to Purdue Pharma, becoming its subsidiaries. It adds that since 2017 Rhodes Pharma has sold the branded opioids MS Contin and Dilaudid, which Purdue contributed to it, and from 2017 an authorized generic of Butrans in exchange for a profit share.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-segments", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 states that the debtors operate two main business segments through operating subsidiaries: a branded prescription medication business, comprising opioid and non-opioid medications and a pipeline of non-opioid candidates, carried on mainly by Purdue Pharma L.P. and its subsidiaries other than the Rhodes debtors, and a generic prescription medication business carried on by Rhodes Associates L.P. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Purdue Pharma L.P., a Delaware limited partnership headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, is the debtors' main operating entity; its general partner is Purdue Pharma Inc.; it owns, directly or indirectly, 22 operating and non-operating subsidiaries in the United States and the British Virgin Islands; and most of the debtors are managed by a single board of directors and wholly owned by the same ultimate owners, various trusts for the benefit of the descendants of Mortimer and Raymond Sackler.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "rhodes-associates", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-workforce-capital", "kind": "fact", "text": "The 2025 Disclosure Statement states that the debtors employ approximately 439 people in active status, about 40% fewer than at the petition date and about 76% fewer than in 2017; that the sale transaction between Rhodes Tech and Noramco Coventry LLC reduced headcount by approximately 120 employees, many of whom received employment offers from Noramco; and that, unlike most debtors, they have no funded debt, no material past-due trade obligations and no judgment creditors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rhodes-technologies", "noramco-coventry" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-principal-opioids", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement describes the debtors' three principal branded opioid medications: OxyContin, a Schedule II extended-release oxycodone tablet approved by the FDA in 1995 and launched in 1996, whose abuse-deterrent reformulation was approved and launched in 2010; Hysingla ER, an extended-release abuse-deterrent hydrocodone tablet approved in 2014 and launched in 2015; and Butrans, a Schedule III seven-day buprenorphine transdermal patch approved in 2010 and launched in 2011. The District Court's December 2021 decision likewise identifies OxyContin, Hysingla and Butrans as Purdue Pharma L.P.'s three principal branded opioid medications within a branded prescription business that includes opioid and non-opioid products.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-manufacturing", "kind": "fact", "text": "The 2025 Disclosure Statement states that the Purdue debtors manufacture OxyContin and Hysingla for themselves and, in relatively limited amounts, manufacture OxyContin for certain foreign independent associated companies ultimately owned by the Sackler Families; that Purdue Pharma L.P. receives royalties from foreign independent associated companies for sales of OxyContin outside the United States; and that Butrans is manufactured by a third party, LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme AG. The District Court's 2021 decision also records that Purdue Pharma manufactures OxyContin for itself and, in limited quantities, for certain foreign independent associated companies.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "lts-lohmann-therapie-systeme", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-product-list-2018", "kind": "fact", "text": "The August 2018 patent settlement between Purdue entities and Assertio Therapeutics, Inc. defines the “Purdue Products” as OxyContin, Butrans, Hysingla ER, Intermezzo, Senokot, Colace, Betadine, SlowMag, Symproic, Dilaudid and MS Contin.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-010" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "assertio-therapeutics" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-ms-contin", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's 2021 decision records that in the early 1980s Purdue developed its first controlled-release morphine drug, which it marketed as MS Contin.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-oxycontin-2001", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's 2021 decision records that OxyContin was widely prescribed after its launch: bonuses to Purdue sales representatives for the sale of OxyContin rose from $1 million in 1996 to $40 million by 2001, annual OxyContin sales reached $1 billion by 2001, and by 2001 OxyContin was “the most prescribed brand-name narcotic medication” in the United States.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-revenue-court", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's December 2021 decision states that Purdue generated approximately $34 billion in revenue in total between 1996 and 2019, most of it from OxyContin sales, and that before the bankruptcy OxyContin accounted for some 91% of Purdue's U.S. revenue. The U.S. Supreme Court's 2024 opinion in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P. quotes the same $34 billion figure.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-irs-oxycontin-sales", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An Internal Revenue Service special agent's declaration attached to the 2007 plea agreement of The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. states that the FDA approved OxyContin on 12 December 1995; that from about January 1996 until 30 September 2004 OxyContin sales were recorded by The Purdue Pharma Company, a Delaware general partnership terminated on that date, and afterwards by Purdue Pharma L.P., of which The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. then became an owner; and that from 1995 to June 2006 Purdue had OxyContin gross sales of approximately $10.2 billion, or approximately $8.4 billion net of rebates and discounts.", "qualification": "Sworn declaration of a government investigator supporting a forfeiture complaint against The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-oxycontin-2009-sales", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The factual background of the WIPO administrative panel's December 2010 decision records that Purdue Pharma L.P., a privately held U.S. pharmaceutical company that created OxyContin, had seen OxyContin grow into the eighth best-selling drug in the United States, grossing over USD 3 billion in sales in 2009.", "qualification": "Figure recited from the complainant's submissions in an uncontested domain-name proceeding; the panel did not audit it.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-036" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-house-memo", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A memorandum of 8 December 2020 from the majority staff of the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform, prepared for a hearing on the role of Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family in the opioid epidemic, states that since Purdue brought OxyContin to market in 1996 it has generated more than $30 billion in sales of OxyContin and the Sackler family has withdrawn more than $10 billion from the company.", "qualification": "Statement by committee majority staff, citing outside sources; it is not a finding of the Committee or the House.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-037" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-state-revenue-allegations", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Connecticut Attorney General's amended complaint of May 2019 alleges, citing publicly available information, that Purdue's annual revenue averaged about $3 billion, mostly from OxyContin, that Purdue made more than $35 billion since releasing OxyContin in 1995, and that in June 2010 Purdue gave the Sacklers an updated ten-year plan under which they stood to receive at least $700 million each year from 2010 through 2020. The Rhode Island Attorney General's 2022 complaint alleges that since 2009 Purdue's annual OxyContin sales fluctuated between $2 billion and $3 billion.", "qualification": "Allegations in state complaints; the revenue figures are attributed by the pleadings to public information and are not audited, and they differ from the District Court's approximately $34 billion of total revenue for 1996–2019.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-055" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-doj-oxycontin", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Addendum A to the 2020 civil settlement agreement between the United States and the Named Sacklers states the United States' account that from 2010 to 2018 Purdue's profits were almost entirely driven by its success in selling OxyContin; that an April 11, 2012 budget presentation to Purdue's board showed certain federal healthcare benefit programs accounted for over 30% of Purdue's revenue from OxyContin sales; and that in a presentation to the board around June 20, 2011 Purdue's chief financial officer revised the forecast of OxyContin sales from $3.9 billion to $2.8 billion after the reformulation.", "qualification": "Contentions of the United States; the agreement is neither an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers nor a concession by the United States.", "response": "The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct set out in Addendum A.", "outcome": "Under the agreement the Named Sacklers agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest.", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-stewart-patent", "kind": "attributed", "text": "John Stewart, chief executive officer of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. from June 2007 to December 2013, stated in a declaration supporting the former executives' motion to dismiss the Massachusetts Attorney General's complaint that Purdue had been forced to defund its grant to a Massachusetts General Hospital pain programme when it lost patent protection for OxyContin and its revenues sharply declined, and that after OxyContin's patent protection was restored he was asked to discuss reinstating Purdue's financial support.", "qualification": "Sworn account of a defendant responding to the Commonwealth's allegations about the purpose of the grant; the retained text is a spaced-out OCR transcription.", "response": "Stewart states that the Commonwealth's description of the grant's goal as increasing prescriptions of opioids, including OxyContin, is not consistent with his understanding of the goal of Purdue's grant while he was CEO.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-033" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-stewart", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-landau-analgesic", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Craig Landau, who stated in a declaration that he had been chief executive officer of Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P. since June 2017 and had previously been Purdue's chief medical officer and head of clinical development, stated in that declaration, which supported the executives' motion to dismiss the Massachusetts Attorney General's complaint that Purdue's agreements with the Massachusetts company Analgesic Research, which he signed in his clinical-development role, related solely to the clinical development of Butrans and Hysingla, including clinical-trial design, risk-mitigation considerations and review of materials for New Drug Applications to the FDA, and not to Purdue's commercial plans or the marketing and promotion of those products after approval.", "qualification": "Sworn account of a defendant responding to the Commonwealth's allegations; the agreements themselves are not retained.", "response": "Landau also states that he did not personally negotiate the contracts or meet Analgesic Research in Massachusetts in connection with them, and that the agreements were negotiated by other Purdue departments and presented to him for signature.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "analgesic-research" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-nj-facilities", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The federal Information filed against Purdue Pharma L.P. in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey on 24 November 2020 states that Purdue Pharma L.P. occupied a research and development facility in Cranbury, New Jersey, for non-clinical discovery research from about February 2002 to July 2017; that from at least 2002 through the first half of 2015 it sold and distributed OxyContin extended-release tablets manufactured by The P.F. Laboratories Inc. at a facility in Totowa, New Jersey; that from about 2005 to 2010 it leased overflow office space in West Paterson, New Jersey, for personnel associated with the Totowa manufacturing operations; and that from about March 2017 to September 2019 it leased a smaller R&D facility in Princeton, New Jersey.", "qualification": "Background statements in a federal charging document; they describe facilities rather than conduct.", "response": "", "outcome": "The District Court's December 2021 decision records that in November 2020 Purdue pleaded guilty to a criminal Information filed by the Department of Justice in the District of New Jersey (No. 2:20-cr-01028).", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pf-laboratories" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-coventry-permit", "kind": "fact", "text": "A public notice of 25 March 2015 by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management on a draft RIPDES permit (No. RI0023868) records that Rhodes Technologies, of 498 Washington Street, Coventry, Rhode Island, applied for reissuance of its permit to discharge into the South Branch of the Pawtuxet River from its facility at 498, 500 and 500B Washington Street, and the statement of basis describes the facility as manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingredients for use in finished dosage pharmaceutical formulations.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-079" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-technologies" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-coventry-sale", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2021 student case study of the bankruptcy, citing the debtors' sale motion and the court's order, records that Rhodes Technologies, a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma L.P., owned and operated an active-pharmaceutical-ingredient plant in Coventry, Rhode Island, that originally manufactured oxycodone API for OxyContin; that the debtors chose to outsource their API supply and, to avoid shutdown costs, sold the plant after a marketing and competitive bidding process to Noramco Coventry LLC, on condition that the debtors and Noramco enter into a supply agreement for a minimum of seven years with two two-year renewals at the debtors' option; and that, with no objections filed, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order on 1 October 2020 approving the sale and the long-term API supply agreement.", "qualification": "Secondary summary of court filings that are not themselves retained.", "response": "According to the case study, no objections to the sale motion were filed.", "outcome": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement records that Debtor Rhodes Technologies, Noramco Coventry LLC as purchaser and Noramco LLC as guarantor signed an asset purchase agreement on 14 September 2020; that on 1 October 2020 the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale of Rhodes Tech's assets to Noramco Coventry LLC and the debtors' supply agreement with Noramco LLC (a minimum of seven years with two two-year renewal options); and that the sale closed and the supply agreement was entered into on 31 December 2020.", "source_ids": [ "src-059", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-technologies", "purdue-pharma-lp", "noramco-coventry" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-durham-kbr", "kind": "attributed", "text": "KBR announced on 9 July 2014 that KBR Building Group, a subsidiary within KBR's Services Group, had been awarded a contract by Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. to build a new oral solid dosage manufacturing plant in Durham, North Carolina: a 188,000-square-foot steel-framed facility on a 51-acre site in Treyburn Corporate Park. KBR stated that KBR Building Group had provided construction services to Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. before.", "qualification": "Contractor's press release about its own contract; the contract value is not stated.", "response": "", "outcome": "A November 2016 construction-industry award listing for the Durham plant names Purdue Pharma Manufacturing LP as owner and BE&K Building Group, not KBR Building Group, as general contractor.", "source_ids": [ "src-063", "src-082" ], "entity_ids": [ "kbr-building-group", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-durham-enr", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 1 November 2016 award listing in a construction-industry trade publication names Purdue Pharma Manufacturing LP as owner of the oral solid dosage manufacturing facility in Durham, North Carolina, with SSOE Inc. as lead design firm and civil, structural and MEP engineer, BE&K Building Group as general contractor and McKee Building Group as program manager; the two-storey plant has a 128,000-square-foot first floor and a 60,000-square-foot second floor, with about 46,000 square feet of offices, laboratories and support areas.", "qualification": "Trade-press account; it names a different general contractor from the July 2014 contractor announcement, and the retained records do not explain the relationship between the two firms.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-082", "src-063" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "ssoe", "be-k-building-group", "mckee-building-group" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-hastings", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Board of Trustees of the Village of Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, announced that Purdue Pharma L.P. and Millsaw Realty L.P. had unconditionally withdrawn the protest petitions they filed in October and November 2004 against the proposed rezoning of a 7.45-acre parcel on Route 9A (Saw Mill River Road) sought by the developer Saw Mill Lofts, LLC. The withdrawal was announced at the board's meeting of 27 September 2005; because the petitions had required a 4-1 supermajority, the local law creating a Mixed-Use Planned Development District, voted 3-2 on 5 October 2004, was considered not passed and was not filed; after the withdrawal the board directed the Village Clerk to file it.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-072" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "millsaw-realty" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-infinity-alliance", "kind": "fact", "text": "Under a Strategic Alliance Agreement effective 19 November 2008, filed on the SEC's EDGAR system as an exhibit by Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Infinity and Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P., a Delaware limited partnership with its principal office at One Stamford Forum, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, Connecticut, formed an alliance to develop and commercialize FAAH products in the United States. The agreement was signed for Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. by its general partner, Purdue Pharmaceutical Products Inc., through James J. Dolan, Senior Vice President, Licensing and Business Development.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-024" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "james-dolan" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-infinity-investment", "kind": "fact", "text": "Infinity Pharmaceuticals' press release of 20 November 2008, attached to the alliance agreement, announced a global strategic alliance with Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. and Mundipharma International Corporation Limited, under which Mundipharma received the right to commercialize the oncology products outside the United States. It stated that Purdue had made a $45 million equity investment through the purchase of four million Infinity shares at $11.25 per share, that “these entities” had agreed to invest a further $30 million for two million shares and warrants for up to six million more, and that Purdue would make a $50 million line of credit available to Infinity.", "qualification": "The press release refers to the investor as “Purdue” without naming the entity; Richard Sackler's declaration in the Massachusetts case refers to an investment by Purdue Pharma L.P. in Infinity, and the United States' proof of claim lists Infinity stock among assets Purdue transferred to PRA LP.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-024" ], "entity_ids": [ "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "mundipharma-international-corp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-rs-declaration-investments", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In a March 2019 declaration supporting his motion to dismiss the Massachusetts Attorney General's complaint, Richard Sackler, a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. until 24 July 2018, stated that he had not conducted business for Purdue Pharma L.P. or Purdue Pharma Inc. in Massachusetts except in connection with an investment by Purdue Pharma L.P. in Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which ended in approximately 2013, and a securities purchase agreement with Novelos Therapeutics, Inc. that Purdue Pharma L.P. entered into in 2009, describing Infinity as a company specialising in cancer treatments and Novelos as developing treatments for cancer and hepatitis, neither being involved with opioids.", "qualification": "Sworn account of a defendant supporting his motion to dismiss; the investment details are consistent in part with the companies' SEC filings.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "novelos-therapeutics" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-novelos-purchase", "kind": "fact", "text": "Novelos Therapeutics, Inc.'s 2010 prospectus filed with the SEC records that on 11 February 2009 Novelos sold 200 shares of Series E convertible preferred stock, with warrants to purchase up to 9,230,769 common shares at $0.65 per share, to Purdue Pharma, L.P., which it described as an independent associated company of Mundipharma, for a gross price of $10,000,000 (approximately $9,200,000 net), concurrently with Novelos' entry into a collaboration agreement with Mundipharma.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "novelos-therapeutics", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-novelos-transfer", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same Novelos prospectus states that, following the financing transactions completed on 11 February, 25 August and 10 November 2009, Purdue transferred its Series E preferred stock, common stock and warrants of Novelos to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., which it describes as independent associated companies of Purdue.", "qualification": "The United States' proof of claim separately lists Novelos stock valued at $23,140,097 among assets Purdue transferred to its parent PRA LP on 28 February 2009; the two documents name different recipients and the retained records do not reconcile them.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "novelos-therapeutics", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-assertio-2018", "kind": "fact", "text": "Under a settlement agreement dated 28 August 2018, published on the SEC's EDGAR system as Exhibit 10.10, Purdue Pharma L.P., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. (a New Jersey corporation) and Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. agreed with Assertio Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly Depomed, Inc.) to end the patent case Depomed, Inc. v. Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. and The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., No. 3:13-cv-00571 (D.N.J.). One or more of the Purdue entities were to pay Assertio $30 million on the signing date and $32 million on or before 1 February 2019 as a settlement of royalties for their and their associated companies' use of the Assertio patents up to the signing date and in consideration of the dismissal; the agreement contains no admission of liability, infringement or patent validity by either side.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-010" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pf-laboratories", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "assertio-therapeutics" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-assertio-signatories", "kind": "fact", "text": "The August 2018 Assertio settlement was signed for Purdue Pharma L.P. and for Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. by their general partner, Purdue Pharma, Inc., acting through Jon Lowne as VP, CFO, and for The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. by Edward B. Mahony as VP, Finance.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-010" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-inc", "jon-lowne", "pf-laboratories", "edward-mahony" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-endo-patents", "kind": "fact", "text": "A settlement agreement dated 28 August 2006, published on the SEC's EDGAR system as Exhibit 99.1, records that Purdue Pharma L.P. (on its own behalf and as successor in interest to The Purdue Pharma Company, a Delaware general partnership), The Purdue Frederick Company Inc., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. and Euro-Celtique S.A. (together the “Purdue Companies”) owned U.S. patents 5,549,912, 5,508,042 and 5,656,295, relating to and protecting controlled-release oxycodone products including OxyContin.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-046" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "euro-celtique" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-endo-2006", "kind": "fact", "text": "The 28 August 2006 agreement settled the Purdue Companies' patent litigation with Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc. (Civil Action Nos. 00 Civ. 8029, 01 Civ. 2109 and 01 Civ. 8177, S.D.N.Y.) over Endo's ANDA No. 75-923 for generic versions of OxyContin. The agreement recites that the Federal Circuit had vacated the District Court's judgment that the Purdue patents were unenforceable for inequitable conduct, affirmed the judgment that Endo infringed them and remanded the case; the parties agreed to a consent judgment, a patent licence agreement and mutual releases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-046" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "endo-pharmaceuticals", "endo-pharmaceuticals-holdings", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "euro-celtique" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-oxycontin-trademarks", "kind": "fact", "text": "In a WIPO domain-name case (Case No. D2010-1811) brought by Purdue Pharma L.P. against an individual registrant, the decision of a sole panelist of the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center records that Purdue Pharma L.P. of Stamford, Connecticut, is the registered owner of at least two OXYCONTIN marks (U.S. Registration No. 2004586, registered in 1996, and No. 2033914, registered in 1997), and on 4 December 2010 the panel ordered four domain names containing “oxycontin” transferred to it; the respondent had no affiliation with Purdue and filed no substantive response.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-036" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-avrio-sale", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A May 2023 press report states that U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Sean Lane, at a hearing in White Plains, New York, approved Purdue's sale of its consumer health business, Avrio Health, for $397 million to a subsidiary of Arcadia Consumer Healthcare, and that according to court documents Avrio Health, which sells over-the-counter antiseptics and laxatives, had never been involved in Purdue's opioid business.", "qualification": "Press account of a court approval; the sale order and purchase agreement are not retained, and the report does not name the buyer subsidiary.", "response": "", "outcome": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement records that on 4 April 2023 Debtor Avrio, Atlantis Consumer Healthcare Inc. and Arcadia Consumer Healthcare, Inc., as guarantor of Atlantis's obligations, signed an asset purchase agreement for the sale of substantially all of Avrio's assets to Atlantis, a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcadia; that the Bankruptcy Court entered its order approving the sale on 30 May 2023; and that the sale closed on 1 June 2023. It states that Avrio Health L.P. is now known as Purdue Products, L.P.", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-048" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "avrio-health", "arcadia-consumer-healthcare" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-adlon-adhansia", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 1 March 2019 press report states that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Adhansia XR, an extended-release methylphenidate capsule for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients aged six and older, made by Adlon Therapeutics, a new subsidiary of Purdue Pharma; that Marcelo Bigal was chief medical officer of Purdue and general manager of Adlon Therapeutics; that the approval followed a 22 February announcement of an FDA orphan drug designation for a bile-duct cancer treatment made by another Purdue subsidiary, Imbrium Therapeutics; and that both subsidiaries were based in their parent company's building at 201 Tresser Blvd., Stamford.", "qualification": "Press account of company announcements.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-050" ], "entity_ids": [ "adlon-therapeutics", "imbrium-therapeutics", "purdue-pharma-lp", "marcelo-bigal" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-timney-deals", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 22 June 2017 announcement by the board of the Purdue/Napp/Mundipharma network of independent associated companies, appointing Craig Landau as president and CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P., states that under departing CEO Mark Timney, who joined in 2014, Purdue announced a collaboration with AnaBios on non-opioid, non-NSAID compounds for chronic pain, acquired the non-opioid treatment VM-902A and the TrkA pain program from VM Pharma, and launched a $790 million strategic research collaboration with Exicure on psoriasis treatments, a collaboration with Eisai to develop and commercialize the investigational candidate lemborexant, and an alliance with Shionogi for the U.S. launch and commercialization of Symproic (naldemedine).", "qualification": "Company announcement; the agreements and their terms are not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "vm-pharma", "anabios", "exicure", "eisai", "shionogi" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-rhodes-tech-ri", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Rhode Island Attorney General's Third Amended Complaint, submitted on 22 March 2022, alleges that Rhodes Technologies is a Delaware general partnership with its principal place of business in Coventry, Rhode Island, whose general partner, Rhodes Technologies Inc. (a Delaware corporation also based in Coventry), is a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma, L.P.; that Rhodes manufactures and distributes generic opioids, including authorized generic versions of OxyContin and Butrans; and that Rhodes Technologies manufactures the active pharmaceutical ingredient in drugs including Purdue's OxyContin.", "qualification": "Allegations in a state complaint describing the structure as pleaded in 2022.", "response": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that Rhodes Tech (or its predecessor) was a Purdue Pharma subsidiary before 2008, was moved on or around 1 January 2008 to a different Sackler Families ownership chain with the same ultimate owners, came under common ownership with Rhodes Pharma, created in 2008, and that in May 2019 Rhodes Pharma and Rhodes Tech were contributed to Purdue Pharma, becoming subsidiaries of Purdue Pharma L.P.", "outcome": "As of the 15 September 2019 petition, Rhodes Associates L.P., itself wholly owned by Purdue Pharma L.P., directly owned 100% of Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-015", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-rhodes-pharma-ri", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same Rhode Island complaint alleges that Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., a Delaware limited partnership based in Coventry, Rhode Island, has one general partner, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and one limited partner, Coventry Technologies L.P., which holds its partnership interests; and that Coventry Technologies L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership based in Stamford, Connecticut, whose general partner is Purdue Pharma Inc.", "qualification": "Allegations in a state complaint; the 2019 petition shows Rhodes Associates L.P. owning 100% of Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., and the United States' proof of claim lists Coventry Technologies equity among assets Purdue transferred to PRA LP with an estimated date of 1 January 2008.", "response": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that Rhodes Tech (or its predecessor) was a Purdue Pharma subsidiary before 2008, was moved on or around 1 January 2008 to a different Sackler Families ownership chain with the same ultimate owners, came under common ownership with Rhodes Pharma, created in 2008, and that in May 2019 Rhodes Pharma and Rhodes Tech were contributed to Purdue Pharma, becoming subsidiaries of Purdue Pharma L.P.", "outcome": "As of the 15 September 2019 petition, Rhodes Associates L.P., itself wholly owned by Purdue Pharma L.P., directly owned 100% of Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-015", "src-001", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals-inc", "coventry-technologies", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-rhodes-ny-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's First Amended Complaint, filed in Suffolk County on 13 September 2019 and attached to a 2019 letter rogatory, alleges that while Purdue was under federal investigation the Sacklers formed Rhodes to enter the generic opioid business; that Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. and Rhodes Technologies are each 100% owned by Coventry Technologies L.P., which is ultimately owned by the same trusts for the benefit of members of the Sackler family; that Rhodes Pharmaceuticals Inc. is the general partner of Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. and Rhodes Technologies Inc. the managing general partner of Rhodes Technologies; that a former senior Purdue manager described Rhodes as set up in 2007 as a “landing pad” for the family; and that Rhodes began selling generic opioids in 2009.", "qualification": "Allegations in a state complaint filed two days before the bankruptcy petition; the structure it describes matches the separate Sackler ownership chain that the debtors place between 2008 and May 2019, not the structure recorded in the petition.", "response": "The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement states that Rhodes Tech (or its predecessor) was a Purdue Pharma subsidiary before 2008, was moved on or around 1 January 2008 to a different Sackler Families ownership chain with the same ultimate owners, came under common ownership with Rhodes Pharma, created in 2008, and that in May 2019 Rhodes Pharma and Rhodes Tech were contributed to Purdue Pharma, becoming subsidiaries of Purdue Pharma L.P.", "outcome": "As of the 15 September 2019 petition, Rhodes Associates L.P., itself wholly owned by Purdue Pharma L.P., directly owned 100% of Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-015", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "coventry-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals-inc", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-creditor-rhodes-inc", "kind": "fact", "text": "The list of creditors holding the 50 largest unsecured claims (excluding insiders) filed with Purdue Pharma L.P.'s petition of 15 September 2019 includes Rhodes Technologies Inc., 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, with a claim for services fees; the scanned figure reads “51,034,782”, most likely $1,034,782. The listing names Edward Mahony as the creditor's contact.", "qualification": "The amount is taken from an OCR transcription of the scanned list and should be read with that limitation.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rhodes-technologies-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-lobbying", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An April 2019 report by a campaign-finance research organisation states that Purdue Pharma increased its spending on congressional lobbying from $940,000 in 2017 to $1.12 million in 2018, its highest level, that nine of the ten lobbyists it employed in 2018 had previously worked in government, and that the company used the Purdue Pharma PAC to contribute to federal candidates, almost solely Republicans; in the 2018 cycle the PAC raised $35,679, its lowest since 2010, and spent $20,733.", "qualification": "Figures compiled by the research organisation from federal lobbying and campaign-finance disclosures, which are not themselves retained for those years. The report attributes the PAC to “Purdue Pharma”; the Federal Election Commission registers it under the name of Purdue Pharma Inc.", "response": "", "outcome": "Craig Landau, Purdue Pharma L.P.'s CEO, testified to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform on 17 December 2020 that, as part of the bankruptcy proceedings, Purdue had entered into a broad voluntary injunction in which it agreed to continue to refrain from lobbying for the enactment of laws that might be construed as encouraging the prescribing of opioid products for the treatment of pain. The New York Attorney General announced on 1 May 2026 that the successor company, Knoa Pharma, will be barred from lobbying and advertising its opioid products. The Federal Election Commission lists the Purdue PAC as terminated.", "source_ids": [ "src-095", "src-100", "src-005", "src-114" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-pac", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-bus-pac-fec", "kind": "fact", "text": "Federal Election Commission records show the PURDUE PHARMA INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PURDUE PAC), committee ID C00370643, registered on 17 December 2001 as a qualified corporation PAC and lobbyist/registrant PAC, now terminated. For 1 January to 16 September 2019 it reported cash on hand falling from $43,894.25 to $0.00, total receipts of $2,750.32 and total disbursements of $46,644.57, including $5,000.00 of contributions to other committees and, in September 2019, payments of $10,000.00 to $10,500.00 each to four charitable organisations.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-114" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-pac", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-fda-2001-label", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court for the Southern District of New York (McMahon, J.) recited in its decision of 16 December 2021 that the FDA approved OxyContin in December 1995 and that in 2001 the FDA required Purdue to remove from the drug's label the claim that OxyContin had a very low risk of iatrogenic addiction and ordered it to add instead the highest level of safety warning the FDA can place on an approved drug product.", "qualification": "Background recited by the court; the decision uses 'Purdue' for the debtor group and does not say which Purdue company held the approval.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-first-lawsuits", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recited that by 2001 plaintiffs across the country had begun to file individual and class actions against Purdue in state and federal courts, including the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and the Supreme Court of the State of New York, and that members of the Sackler family were not named as defendants in these lawsuits. Class certification was generally denied; in New York five state cases were transferred to the New York Litigation Coordinating Panel in 2005, after which 1,117 additional lawsuits were filed and coordinated, and settlement efforts followed in 2006–2007.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-state-settlement", "kind": "fact", "text": "In 2007 twenty-six states and the District of Columbia settled their investigations into Purdue's promotional and marketing practices for OxyContin for $19.5 million, and Purdue entered into a consent judgment with each of them (for example Washington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., Thurston County Superior Court, 9 May 2007). The consent judgments define Purdue as Purdue Pharma, Purdue Pharma Inc., The Purdue Frederick Company and their United States affiliates; Purdue agreed to establish, implement and follow an OxyContin abuse and diversion detection (ADD) program for at least ten years and to submit annual compliance certifications to a multistate group of attorneys general for three years.", "qualification": "As recited by the District Court from the consent judgments; the retained record does not include the individual judgments.", "response": "", "outcome": "The District Court recorded that the 2007 Settlement and Plea Agreement were intended to resolve for all time issues relating to Purdue's misrepresentations about OxyContin; a second round of lawsuits followed from 2014 to 2019.", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-state-releases", "kind": "fact", "text": "In exchange for Purdue's payment and compliance, the 2007 consent judgments released Purdue and its past and present officers, directors, shareholders, employees, affiliates, parents, subsidiaries, predecessors, assigns and successors from civil claims the settling Attorneys General could have asserted under their state consumer protection laws for conduct up to the judgments' effective date. According to Bankruptcy Judge Drain, as cited by the District Court, these releases covered about seventy-seven members of the Sackler family. Not released were, among others, private consumer actions, Medicaid fraud and price-reporting claims, antitrust, environmental and tax claims, and any state or federal criminal liability.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-ct-stipulated-judgment", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Connecticut Attorney General's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 states that Purdue agreed in 2007 to a Stipulated Judgment in a suit brought by the State of Connecticut, which ordered that Purdue 'shall not make any written or oral claim that is false, misleading, or deceptive' in promoting OxyContin, required 'fair balance' on risks including addiction, and required an abuse and diversion detection program to identify high-prescribing prescribers showing signs of inappropriate prescribing, stop promoting to them and report them, for ten years from 2007 to 2017.", "qualification": "Description in the Connecticut Attorney General's complaint, which defines 'Purdue' as Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P.; the stipulated judgment itself is not among the retained records. Connecticut is listed among the twenty-six states in the 2007 multistate settlement.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-information", "kind": "fact", "text": "The 2007 Information in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia, Abingdon Division (United States v. The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., No. 1:07-cr-00029), charged The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., doing business as The Purdue Frederick Company, in Count One with felony misbranding of OxyContin with intent to defraud or mislead (21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a), 352(a), 333(a)(2)), and charged Michael Friedman, Howard R. Udell and Paul D. Goldenheim in Count Two with misdemeanour misbranding (21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a), 352(a), 333(a)(1)) as senior executives and responsible corporate officers of Purdue Frederick between about January 1996 and 30 June 2001. Purdue Frederick waived indictment and consented to proceeding by Information.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105", "src-052", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-pfc-plea", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 10 May 2007, in the federal court in Abingdon, Virginia, The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. pleaded guilty under a plea agreement with the United States to Count One of the Information, one felony count of misbranding OxyContin with the intent to defraud or mislead in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a) and 333(a)(2). In the plea agreement Purdue Frederick stated that it was pleading guilty 'because PURDUE is in fact guilty' and agreed that all matters set forth in the Information were true and correct.", "qualification": "The guilty plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.; Purdue Pharma L.P. was a party to the civil settlement agreement and was included with Purdue Frederick in the plea agreement's definition of the paying party, but it did not plead guilty in 2007.", "response": "According to a later press report, when the charges were announced Purdue emphasized that the conduct took place 'nearly six years and longer ago', when some employees made, or told other employees to make, certain statements about OxyContin to some health care professionals.", "outcome": "Judge James P. Jones approved the plea agreement in July 2007; HHS-OIG excluded Purdue Frederick from federal health care programs for 25 years; the monitoring period under the Corporate Integrity Agreement expired on 30 July 2012, and in 2013 Purdue completed the program with no significant adverse findings.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-105", "src-106", "src-034" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-plea-approval", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recited that Judge James P. Jones of the Western District of Virginia approved the 2007 Plea Agreement in July 2007 (No. 1:07-cr-00029, Dkt. No. 77).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-agreed-facts", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the Agreed Statement of Facts attached to its plea agreement, The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. agreed that, beginning on or about 12 December 1995 and continuing until on or about 30 June 2001, certain of its supervisors and employees, with the intent to defraud or mislead, marketed and promoted OxyContin as less addictive, less subject to abuse and diversion, and less likely to cause tolerance and withdrawal than other pain medications. The statement describes Purdue Frederick as a New York corporation headquartered in Connecticut, created in 1892 and purchased by its current owners in 1952, which developed and originally marketed OxyContin and received approximately $2.8 billion in revenue from OxyContin sales from January 1996 through 30 June 2001.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-052" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-individual-basis", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Agreed Statement of Facts records that between about January 1996 and 30 June 2001 Michael Friedman, Howard R. Udell and Paul D. Goldenheim were responsible corporate officers of The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. under 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a), 333(a)(1) and 352(a). The three individual defendants did not agree that they had personal knowledge of all the matters in paragraphs 1 through 44 of the statement, but agreed that the court could accept those facts, as agreed to by Purdue Frederick, as part of the factual basis for their own guilty pleas.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-052" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-executive-careers", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Agreed Statement of Facts records the three executives' careers at The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.: Michael Friedman joined in 1985 as Vice President and Assistant to the President and Chairman, became Group Vice President in 1988, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in 1999, and President and Chief Executive Officer in 2003; Howard R. Udell joined in 1977 as General Counsel, became Group Vice President and General Counsel in 1989, Executive Vice President and General Counsel in 1999, and Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer in 2003; Paul D. Goldenheim joined in 1985 as Medical Director, held scientific and medical affairs posts from 1986, became Executive Vice President of Worldwide Research & Development in 2000 and also Chief Scientific Officer in 2003, and left Purdue Frederick in 2004.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-052" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-executive-pleas", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 10 May 2007 Michael Friedman, Howard R. Udell and Paul D. Goldenheim, in their capacity as corporate officers of The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., each pleaded guilty to Count Two of the Information, the strict-liability misdemeanour of misbranding a drug in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a) and 333(a)(1). In each plea agreement the parties agreed to ask the court for a non-incarcerative sentence and the defendant agreed that the court could accept the Agreed Statement of Facts as the factual basis for the plea. The court described them as Purdue Frederick's President and CEO, its Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, and its Chief Scientific Officer; Goldenheim had left the company in 2004.", "qualification": "Personal pleas of the three executives to a misdemeanour; they were not charged with the felony to which the company pleaded, and no Sackler family member was charged.", "response": "In the Agreed Statement of Facts the three did not agree that they had personal knowledge of all the matters set out in it, while agreeing that the court could accept those facts as the factual basis for their pleas; they later contested their exclusions as petitioners before an administrative law judge.", "outcome": "HHS-OIG excluded each of them from all Federal health care programs for 15 years, and on 9 January 2009 Administrative Law Judge Carolyn Cozad Hughes affirmed the exclusions. A press report states that they were given probation; the retained records do not include their sentencing judgments.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-034", "src-105", "src-052", "src-106" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-corporate-payments", "kind": "fact", "text": "The corporate payments under the 2007 plea agreement were owed by 'PURDUE', which its financial-obligations section defines as The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. or Purdue Pharma L.P. They comprised a $500,000 maximum statutory criminal fine; forfeiture of $276,100,000 under a civil forfeiture complaint ($151,100,000 before the plea, $90,000,000 within six months and $35,000,000 within twelve months); $160,000,000 to settle civil governmental claims, namely $100,615,797.25 to the United States plus interest and $59,384,202.75 for participating states' Medicaid programs, which also satisfied restitution; $130,000,000 set aside for private civil claims relating to OxyContin, any balance unpaid after two years to go to the U.S. Treasury; $20,000,000 for the Virginia Prescription Monitoring Program; $5,300,000 to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit's Program Income Fund; and $3,087,277.60 to federal and state Medicaid programs for improperly calculated 1998–1999 rebates; it also agreed to spend not less than $5,012,722.40 on monitoring costs over seventy-two months. The District Court summarised the company's obligations as over $600 million in fines and other payments.", "qualification": "The guilty plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.; Purdue Pharma L.P. was a party to the civil settlement agreement and was included with Purdue Frederick in the plea agreement's definition of the paying party, but it did not plead guilty in 2007.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-combined-total", "kind": "fact", "text": "The U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Virginia announced on 10 May 2007 that the company and the three executives together would pay a total of $634,515,475, of which the executives' personal payments made up about $34.5 million. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 describes the 2007 federal resolution as a $634.5 million settlement by 'Purdue Pharma and three senior executives' with the DOJ and the U.S. Attorney's Office, on top of a $19.5 million settlement with the attorneys general of 26 states and the District of Columbia that same month, and elsewhere as settlements with the federal government, 26 states and the District of Columbia in May 2007 for approximately $650 million; it adds that cash distributions for the benefit of the Sackler Parties increased sharply beginning in 2008, shortly after these settlements.", "qualification": "The guilty plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.; Purdue Pharma L.P. was a party to the civil settlement agreement and was included with Purdue Frederick in the plea agreement's definition of the paying party, but it did not plead guilty in 2007. The combined figures mix corporate and personal payments.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-friedman-payment", "kind": "fact", "text": "Under his 2007 plea agreement Michael Friedman agreed, under the heading of disgorgement, to transfer $19,000,000 to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit's Program Income Fund before entry of his plea, refundable only if the court rejected the agreement, and to pay a $5,000 fine, which the parties stipulated was at the upper end of the guidelines range, plus a $25 special assessment; the parties stipulated that restitution was not applicable to his conviction. These were personal payments, separate from the company's.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "michael-friedman" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-udell-payment", "kind": "fact", "text": "Under his 2007 plea agreement Howard R. Udell agreed, under the heading of disgorgement, to transfer $8,000,000 to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit's Program Income Fund before entry of his plea, refundable only if the court rejected the agreement, and to pay a $5,000 fine plus a $25 special assessment. These were personal payments, separate from the company's.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "howard-udell" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "howard-udell" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-goldenheim-payment", "kind": "fact", "text": "Under his 2007 plea agreement Paul D. Goldenheim agreed, under the heading of disgorgement, to transfer $7,500,000 to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit's Program Income Fund before entry of his plea, refundable only if the court rejected the agreement, and to pay a $5,000 fine plus a $25 special assessment. These were personal payments, separate from the company's.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "paul-goldenheim" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-settlement-documents", "kind": "fact", "text": "A Vice President's Certificate of The Purdue Frederick Company Inc. certified resolutions approved by written consent of the corporation's sole director dated 4 May 2007, which approved the Agreed Statement of Facts, the Plea Agreement, a Stipulation for Compromise Settlement, an Agreed Order of Forfeiture and a Civil Settlement Agreement among the United States (acting through the DOJ Civil Division and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Virginia, HHS-OIG, the Office of Personnel Management, the Department of Defense TRICARE Management Activity and the Department of Labor Office of Workers' Compensation Programs), the corporation and Purdue Pharma L.P., and authorised Robin E. Abrams as Vice President to execute them.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "robin-abrams" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-abrams-signatory", "kind": "fact", "text": "Robin E. Abrams signed the 2007 plea agreement and the Agreed Statement of Facts on behalf of The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. as its Authorized Corporate Officer, identified as Vice-President and Director of The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. and Vice-President and Associate General Counsel of Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-052", "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "robin-abrams", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-federal-release", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recited that in the federal civil settlement agreement of 2007 the United States released 'Purdue and its current and former directors, officers, employees, affiliates, owners, predecessors, successors and assigns' from civil or administrative monetary claims under federal statutes and from administrative actions, while the participating states' releases were limited to Medicaid claims for the covered conduct; all states except Kentucky opted into the federal settlement. Of the $130 million set aside for private claims, an attorney testified at the 2021 confirmation hearing that her approximately 5,000 clients received a total of $75 million.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-cia", "kind": "fact", "text": "As part of the 2007 global resolution Purdue Pharma L.P. entered into a five-year Corporate Integrity Agreement with HHS-OIG. The plea agreement obliged 'PURDUE', defined for its financial obligations as The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. or Purdue Pharma L.P., to spend not less than $5,012,722.40 over the next 72 months on monitoring to ensure that Purdue Pharma L.P. complied with the agreement and did not engage in further criminal activity, any unspent balance to go to the U.S. Treasury; the U.S. Attorney stated that Purdue was directed to retain and pay for an independent monitor. The District Court recorded that the monitoring period expired on 30 July 2012 and that in 2013 Purdue completed the corporate integrity program with no significant adverse findings.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-034", "src-105", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-cia-covered-persons", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Connecticut Attorney General's 2019 complaint alleges that the Corporate Integrity Agreement required Purdue Pharma L.P. to appoint a Compliance Officer from senior management who would report at least quarterly to the Board of Directors, and that it treated all 'owners, officers, directors, and employees' of Purdue Pharma L.P. as 'Covered Persons', including the defendants serving in those capacities from 2007 through 2012; according to the complaint the directors and the CEO were trained, were required to report violations and certified that they had read and understood the rules and would comply with them.", "qualification": "Description of the agreement in the Connecticut Attorney General's complaint; the Corporate Integrity Agreement itself is not among the retained records.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-pfc-exclusion", "kind": "fact", "text": "HHS-OIG stated in January 2009 that it had previously excluded The Purdue Frederick Company for 25 years as part of a global resolution between the United States, Purdue Frederick and Purdue Pharma, a related company, and that as part of the same resolution the two Purdue companies agreed to pay $600 million in restitution and to settle their civil and criminal liabilities.", "qualification": "HHS-OIG's summary; the plea itself was entered by Purdue Frederick alone.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-034" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-executive-exclusions", "kind": "fact", "text": "HHS-OIG excluded Michael Friedman, Paul D. Goldenheim and Howard R. Udell for 15 years from all Federal health care programs for their roles as responsible corporate officers who failed to prevent the misbranding and fraudulent distribution of OxyContin by Purdue Frederick. On 9 January 2009 Administrative Law Judge Carolyn Cozad Hughes affirmed the exclusions, finding that the three had the responsibility and authority to 'prevent or correct' Purdue Frederick's misbranding but 'failed to do so', that the costs to government programs and individuals were 'astronomical' and that their offences 'endangered the health and safety of program beneficiaries and others'. HHS-OIG announced the decision on 23 January 2009, describing Friedman as former Chief Operating Officer and then Chief Executive Officer, Goldenheim as former Chief Scientific Officer and Udell as former General Counsel of Purdue Frederick.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-034" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "paul-goldenheim", "howard-udell", "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "paul-goldenheim", "howard-udell" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-court-summary", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its 16 December 2021 decision the District Court wrote that, despite the 2007 Plea Agreement, in which in the court's summary 'Purdue admitted that it had falsely marketed OxyContin as non-addictive and had submitted false claims to the federal government for reimbursement of medically unnecessary opioid prescriptions', Purdue's profits after 2007 were driven almost exclusively by its aggressive marketing of OxyContin.", "qualification": "The decision uses 'Purdue' for the debtor group. The 2007 guilty plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. to felony misbranding; the false-claims liability was resolved by the civil settlement payments, not by a criminal plea.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-ny-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of New York's First Amended Complaint in the Suffolk County opioid litigation (brought by the New York Attorney General), reproduced as an exhibit to a letter rogatory filed on 13 September 2019, alleges that in May 2007 'the Purdue board voted to have the Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. (\"PFC\") plead guilty to misbranding OxyContin'; that the violations happened while Richard Sackler was CEO, Jonathan, Kathe and Mortimer D.A. Sackler were vice presidents and Richard, Jonathan, Kathe, Mortimer, Ilene, Beverly and Theresa Sackler were on the board; that PFC paid approximately $600 million and the individual defendants over $34 million; that Richard, Ilene, Jonathan, Kathe and Mortimer Sackler each certified in writing to the government that they had read and understood the Corporate Integrity Agreement rules and would obey them but continued to direct Purdue's deceptive marketing; and that after the 2007 convictions PFC effectively went out of business while the Sacklers continued the opioid business through Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "Allegations of the New York Attorney General as a litigant, not findings. The 2007 plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.; the three executives pleaded to misdemeanours, although the complaint says the individual executives pleaded guilty to a federal felony, and it cites 21 U.S.C. § 332(a)(2) where the plea was under § 333(a)(2). In the complaint's account the 'individual defendants' who paid over $34 million in 2007 are the three executives who pleaded guilty; no Sackler family member was charged in 2007.", "response": "The exhibit notes that no answers had been filed in the proceeding at that date.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-ct-directors", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Connecticut Attorney General's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges that in 2007 the directors of Purdue Pharma Inc., namely Richard Sackler, Jonathan Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Beverly Sackler and Theresa Sackler (the '2007 Sackler Directors'), decided that The Purdue Frederick Company would pay nearly $700 million in criminal fines and plead guilty to a felony, and that The Purdue Frederick Company, which went out of business in 2007, was entirely controlled by Purdue Pharma Inc. The complaint also describes Michael Friedman as the CEO of Purdue Pharma Inc., Purdue Pharma L.P. and The Purdue Frederick Company.", "qualification": "Allegations of the Connecticut Attorney General as a litigant. The plea records show that Purdue Frederick's plea documents were approved by written consent of its sole director dated 4 May 2007, and that the criminal fine was $500,000 within corporate payments of over $600 million.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-105", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "michael-friedman" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-doj-memo-2006", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A press report described an internal Department of Justice memorandum dated 6 October 2006 and titled 'Proposed Indictment of Purdue Pharma LP', written by Kirk Ogrosky, then deputy chief of the DOJ Fraud Section, which recommended indicting the company for mail fraud, wire fraud, money laundering and conspiracy and charging the executives Michael Friedman, Paul Goldenheim and Howard Udell with felonies. According to the report, the memorandum said that 'the alleged conspiracy began in October of 1992 and continues to date' and that the three executives had lied to Congress, whereas DOJ's public filings placed the end of the criminal conduct in 2001. A December 2020 memorandum of the majority staff of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform likewise stated that DOJ 'reportedly declined the recommendation of federal prosecutors to indict three of Purdue's top executives on felony charges'.", "qualification": "Known only from the press report; the memorandum itself is not among the retained records. The 2007 resolution charged narrower conduct: a single felony misbranding count against The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. for conduct from about December 1995 or January 1996 to 30 June 2001, and misdemeanour misbranding counts against the three executives; Purdue Pharma L.P. was not charged in 2007.", "response": "Contacted for comment by the reporter, Purdue said: 'We have nothing to add at this time.'", "outcome": "In May 2007 the matter was resolved by The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.'s plea to a single felony misbranding count for conduct up to 30 June 2001 and the three executives' misdemeanour pleas; according to the press report, the government agreed to limit Purdue's exposure on deceptive-marketing claims to six years from 1996 to 2001, and false testimony to Congress was not part of the deal.", "source_ids": [ "src-106", "src-037", "src-052" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "michael-friedman", "paul-goldenheim", "howard-udell", "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "michael-friedman", "paul-goldenheim", "howard-udell" ] }, { "id": "c-plea07-press-roles", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same press report stated that none of the three executives had been in charge of Purdue during the years of the alleged crimes, when Purdue's presidents were Raymond Sackler and, from 1999, Richard Sackler; that false testimony to Congress was not part of the 2007 deal; and that the three non-Sackler executives pleaded guilty as individuals to misbranding, agreed to pay a total of $34.5 million in fines and were given probation.", "qualification": "Press report; it does not say which Purdue company the two Sacklers led. The retained 2007 plea records show the executives' personal payments as $19 million, $8 million and $7.5 million to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit plus $5,000 fines each, and do not include their sentencing judgments.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-106", "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-pending-actions-petition", "kind": "fact", "text": "The list of the 50 largest unsecured creditors filed with Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Chapter 11 petition of 15 September 2019 states that certain of the debtors were named as defendants in over 2,600 actions across the country in connection with the marketing and sale of opioid medications, and that any claims asserted against a debtor in those pending actions were contingent, unliquidated in amount and disputed; those claims were left out of the list.", "qualification": "The count is the debtors' own figure at the petition date; Craig Landau's later testimony and the courts' accounts give different totals for the same moment.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-pending-actions-landau", "kind": "fact", "text": "Craig Landau, President and CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P., told the House Committee on Oversight and Reform in written testimony of 17 December 2020 that at the time Purdue filed for bankruptcy the company faced nearly 2,800 lawsuits filed in all 50 states. The Second Circuit later wrote that three days after the filing the debtors sought to halt almost 3,000 actions against Purdue and over 400 actions against the Sacklers, and the District Court's December 2021 decision puts the actions the injunction motion covered at over 2,900 against Purdue and at least 400 civil suits against the Sacklers.", "qualification": "The petition list gave over 2,600 actions; the totals differ by speaker and date of counting and are not reconciled in the retained record.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-100", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-second-wave-mdl", "kind": "fact", "text": "Judge Colleen McMahon's decision of 16 December 2021 recounts that from about 2014 new lawsuits were filed against Purdue over its promotion and marketing of OxyContin and that, this time, members of the Sackler family were named as defendants. At the end of 2017, sixty-four federal cases brought by state and local government entities against Purdue and other defendants, including pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies and distributors such as McKesson Corporation, were sent to the National Prescription Opiate Litigation (MDL-2804) in the Northern District of Ohio before Judge Dan A. Polster; about 2,200 actions against Purdue were pending there when Purdue filed for bankruptcy, and over 390 parallel actions were pending in state and local courts.", "qualification": "The decision uses \"Purdue\" for Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors; McKesson is mentioned as an example of a co-defendant in the MDL cases, not as a party to Purdue's settlements.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckesson", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-family-named", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court's 2021 decision, once the MDL discovery revealed family members' role in marketing OxyContin after 2007, complaints in many state cases were amended to name Richard Sackler, Jonathan Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Beverly Sackler, Theresa Sackler, Marianna (spelled Mariana in the decision) Sackler and David Sackler as defendants in various lawsuits; in at least three of these cases state courts denied the Sackler defendants' motions to dismiss, for example by an order of 21 June 2019 in In re Opioid Litigation, No. 400000/2017 (Sup. Ct. Suffolk Cnty.). The decision records the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors' estimate that litigating against the Sacklers could lead to judgments greater than $4.275 billion.", "qualification": "Being named as a defendant is not a finding of liability; none of these cases reached judgment before the bankruptcy.", "response": "The same decision records that the Sacklers do not concede the truth of Purdue's admissions in its later plea agreement and vehemently deny that the transfers they received would qualify as fraudulent conveyances.", "outcome": "On 11 October 2019 the Bankruptcy Court temporarily halted all such litigation until 6 November 2019, when it granted Purdue's motion enjoining all plaintiffs from continuing or commencing actions against Purdue or the non-debtor related parties, including members of the Sackler family; the District Court affirmed the preliminary injunction.", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "marianna-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "marianna-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-49-states", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's 2021 decision states that by the middle of 2019 the Attorneys General of forty-nine states had filed new or amended lawsuits against Purdue, all naming specific members of the Sackler family and/or Sackler-related entities. Of the states that appealed the 2021 confirmation order, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and the District of Columbia had filed or amended complaints against both Purdue and family members; Washington sued Purdue and unnamed \"Does\"; D.C. sued Purdue and Richard Sackler. Each of these suits was filed before Purdue's September 2019 bankruptcy filing and none had been litigated to judgment; the only pre-bankruptcy judgment the court notes, in North Dakota's suit, was in Purdue's favour.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The automatic stay did not reach these governmental suits, but the Bankruptcy Court preliminarily enjoined all litigation against Purdue and the Sacklers; the District Court affirmed that order in 2020, and the 2021 decision records that no activity had taken place in these lawsuits since shortly after the filing.", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-rs-approved-settlements", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court's 2021 decision records that Richard Sackler acknowledged at the 2021 confirmation hearing that as a director he oversaw \"many settlements, both private and public\", and that as part of the board of Purdue Pharma Inc. he approved the $24 million settlement with the State of Kentucky in 2015 resolving unlawful and unfair deceptive trade practice allegations against Purdue.", "qualification": "The decision dates the Kentucky settlement to 2015 in this passage and to 2016 in its list of state settlements.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-massachusetts", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Commonwealth of Massachusetts sued Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. in Suffolk Superior Court (Civil Action No. 1884-CV-01808 (BLS2), also cited as No. 18-1808-BLS2), together with eight family members as individual defendants — Richard, Theresa, Kathe, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Beverly and David Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt — the directors Peter Boer, Paulo Costa, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman and Judy Lewent, and the executives John Stewart, Mark Timney, Craig Landau and Russell J. Gasdia. A notice of suggestion of bankruptcy and automatic stay was filed in that case on 16 September 2019 (court stamp), reporting that Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliates had filed Chapter 11 petitions on 15 September 2019 (No. 19-23649) and that the filing stayed actions against the debtors.", "qualification": "", "response": "In a declaration executed in February 2019 and served on 1 March 2019 in support of his, Craig Landau's and Mark Timney's motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint, former CEO John Stewart stated that many of the complaint's allegations against him were not supported by, and in some instances were directly contradicted by, the documents the Commonwealth cited; Craig Landau and Mark Timney made the same statement in their own declarations. Family members and the independent directors filed declarations in March 2019 supporting their own motions to dismiss the First Amended Complaint: those of Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt base the motion on lack of personal jurisdiction, and Richard Sackler's states that he did not direct marketing, sales or promotional activities in Massachusetts and never went into the field there with sales representatives to promote opioids.", "outcome": "The automatic stay covered only the debtors; the preliminary injunction that also halted claims against the family members and other related parties was issued in the debtors' adversary proceeding Purdue Pharma L.P., et al. v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, et al. (Adv. Pro. No. 19-08289).", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-033", "src-078", "src-011", "src-032", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "john-stewart", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "russell-gasdia", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "john-stewart", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "russell-gasdia", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-utah", "kind": "fact", "text": "Before the Division of Consumer Protection of the Utah Department of Commerce, an administrative matter (DCP Legal File No. CP-2019-005, DCP Case No. 107102) named as respondents Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc. and The Purdue Frederick Company Inc., and, individually and as owners, officers, directors or key employees of those entities, Richard Sackler, M.D. and Kathe Sackler, M.D. The companies and the two individual respondents were represented by separate counsel; the companies' local counsel moved on 11 June 2019 for the admission pro hac vice of an out-of-state attorney for the three companies.", "qualification": "The retained filing is a procedural motion; it does not set out the Division's allegations or any outcome of the matter.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-002" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "richard-sackler", "kathe-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "richard-sackler", "kathe-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-maryland", "kind": "fact", "text": "Maryland's Consumer Protection Division commenced an administrative proceeding, In re Purdue Pharma, et al., filed on 16 May 2019 against Purdue and certain related parties, alleging unfair and deceptive trade practices; the District Court's 2021 decision adds that Maryland asserted a consumer-protection claim against seven individual members of the Sackler family (not including Beverly Sackler) and sought civil penalties.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State of Maryland as described in two S.D.N.Y. decisions; the administrative pleading itself is not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "Maryland, as one of the non-consenting states, elected to abide voluntarily by the Bankruptcy Court's preliminary injunction and suspended the proceeding. From the extension order of 6 September 2024 (which the 2024 decision calls both the thirty-fifth extension and the Thirty-Seventh Amended Order) Maryland no longer consented, and it appealed the extension orders of 6 September, 27 September and 1 November 2024; on 26 November 2024 Judge McMahon affirmed them.", "source_ids": [ "src-078", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "state-of-maryland", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-delaware", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Delaware Attorney General's office, Delaware was among the first states to sue Purdue: former Attorney General Matthew Denn filed suit in 2018, and Attorney General Kathy Jennings then sued the Sackler family in 2019. The District Court's 2021 decision describes Delaware's claims — three under the Delaware Consumer Fraud Act and claims for negligence and public nuisance — as asserted against seven individual members of the Sackler family (Beverly Sackler was not sued in Delaware), seeking civil penalties and abatement.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "On 1 May 2026 the Delaware Attorney General announced that the $7.4 billion settlement with Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family had become legally effective and that it resolves litigation against Purdue and the Sacklers.", "source_ids": [ "src-006", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-new-york", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General sued Purdue Pharma in August 2018 over the marketing of OxyContin (New York v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., No. 400016/2018, Sup. Ct. Suffolk Cnty.). In March 2019 — by an amended complaint filed on 28 March 2019, according to the District Court; the Attorney General's office describes it as a lawsuit that expanded on the August 2018 suit — the State added claims against eight members of the Sackler family and various Sackler entities: against the family members for public nuisance, fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct, unjust enrichment, fraudulent conveyances, state finance and social services law violations and repeated fraud and illegality under Executive Law § 63(12), and against the \"Sackler entities\", described as vehicles used to transfer funds from Purdue to the family and including Rosebay and Beacon, for unjust enrichment and fraudulent conveyance.", "qualification": "Claims of the State of New York; the amended complaint was not litigated to judgment.", "response": "A joint status report filed in the Suffolk County proceedings in August 2019 records that Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (formerly Purdue Holdings L.P.) and PLP Associates Holdings L.P. moved to dismiss on 5 August 2019, with the State's opposition due on 26 August 2019.", "outcome": "The Attorney General's office stated in February 2021 that the cases against Purdue were then in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-060", "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-new-york-defendants", "kind": "fact", "text": "The caption of the New York Attorney General's case as reproduced with the Suffolk County court's 2019 letter rogatory names as defendants Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., Purdue Holdings L.P. (now Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P.), Rosebay Medical Company L.P., The Beacon Company, PLP Associates Holdings, L.P., ten Doe entities and Richard S., Jonathan D., Mortimer D.A., Kathe A., David A., Beverly and Theresa Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, alongside other manufacturers and the distributors McKesson Corporation, Cardinal Health, Inc., AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation and Rochester Drug Cooperative, Inc. The Attorney General's office described the March 2019 complaint as naming Purdue Pharma and its affiliates, members of the Sackler family and trusts they control among the manufacturers, and the four distributors as distributor defendants.", "qualification": "The distributors were sued as co-defendants in their own capacity as wholesale distributors; that litigation role is separate from their commercial role as Purdue's customers and creditors.", "response": "", "outcome": "The New York Attorney General's release of February 2024 lists McKesson, Cardinal Health and Amerisource Bergen among the companies from which the Attorney General had recovered funds for New York since filing the 2019 lawsuit — each distributor's own resolution, separate from Purdue's.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-062" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "pra-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "plp-associates-lp", "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen-drug", "rochester-drug-cooperative", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "pra-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "plp-associates-lp", "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen-drug", "rochester-drug-cooperative", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-ny-letter-rogatory", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 13 September 2019 a letter rogatory was filed in the Suffolk County proceedings (In re Opioid Litigation, Index No. 400000/2017, and the State's case, Index No. 400016/2018, printed 4000016/2018 in the caption) in which the Supreme Court of the State of New York requests assistance from the courts of the British Virgin Islands under the Hague Evidence Convention to obtain documents from Banela Corporation, to be used on the State's claims that certain defendants made constructive or intentional fraudulent conveyances or were unjustly enriched; it anticipated a trial in or about May 2020. Its list of applicable non-parties names Debevoise & Plimpton LLP as attorneys for Stillwater Holdings LLC, Banela Corporation, Stanhope Gate Corporation, Millborne Trust Company Limited, Heatheridge Trust Company Limited and Jonathan G. White.", "qualification": "The letter rogatory describes the State's allegations; it is a discovery request, not a finding. The retained copy leaves the date beside the judge's signature line blank.", "response": "", "outcome": "The planned trial did not take place: Purdue filed for Chapter 11 two days later and on 11 October 2019 the Bankruptcy Court enjoined all litigation.", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "debevoise-plimpton", "stanhope-gate", "millborne-trust", "heatheridge-trust", "jonathan-white", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-ny-asset-search", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An October 2019 commentary by a lawyer on a legal blog states that, to search for assets of the Sackler family and Purdue Pharma, the New York Attorney General used the Suffolk County lawsuit to issue subpoenas to bank witnesses in the United States — naming J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, Morgan Stanley, UBS, Bank of America, Charles Schwab, Citibank, HSBC, Wells Fargo and Goldman Sachs — and to others, including BR Holdings Associates Inc., to collect financial evidence about alleged fraudulent transfers by the family, and issued letters rogatory to offshore witnesses including Banela Corporation.", "qualification": "Secondary commentary; apart from the Banela letter rogatory and its subpoena, the subpoenas are not retained, and the alleged transfers are the State's allegations.", "response": "", "outcome": "The commentary reports that the Bankruptcy Court's injunction of 11 October 2019 froze these subpoenas and letters rogatory along with the claims against the family and Purdue in the Suffolk County case; the Second Circuit likewise records that on 11 October 2019 the bankruptcy court enjoined all litigation.", "source_ids": [ "src-109" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "br-holdings-inc", "banela" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-connecticut", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of Connecticut, by Attorney General William Tong at the request of the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, sued under the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act in State of Connecticut v. Purdue Pharma L.P. et al., No. X07 HHD-CV-19-6105325-S (Superior Court, Complex Litigation Docket at Hartford); the amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges unfair and deceptive practices from June 2007 to the present against Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., eight family members (Richard, Theresa, Kathe, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Beverly and David Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt), the directors Frank Peter Boer, Paulo Costa, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman and Judith Lewent, and John Stewart and Mark Timney. The District Court's 2021 decision describes the claims as four CUTPA counts and one fraudulent-transfer count against Purdue and eight family members, seeking civil penalties, restitution and disgorgement. A later Bankruptcy Court bench ruling cites a Second Amended Complaint in the case dated 1 July 2019.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State of Connecticut; the case was not litigated to judgment before the bankruptcy.", "response": "", "outcome": "Connecticut was among the eight states and the District of Columbia that, with the debtors and the Sacklers, filed a new settlement agreement providing for additional Sackler contributions, approved by the Bankruptcy Court's order of 10 March 2022; as part of it the nine agreed to withdraw their opposition to the plan. The settlement modified the earlier plan while its confirmation was on appeal; the Supreme Court later reversed the approval of that plan, and a different plan later took effect.", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-003", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "john-stewart", "mark-timney", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "john-stewart", "mark-timney", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-rhode-island", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The State of Rhode Island, by Attorney General Peter F. Neronha, sued in the Providence/Bristol County Superior Court (State of Rhode Island v. Purdue Pharma L.P. et al., C.A. No. PC2018-4555). Its Third Amended Complaint, submitted on 22 March 2022, groups as the \"Purdue Defendants\" Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc. and The Purdue Frederick Company; Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Technologies Inc.; and Richard S. Sackler, the only family member it names. It also sues other opioid manufacturers and three distributors; the State voluntarily dismissed its claims against Insys Therapeutics on 11 June 2019 and against Insys's former chairman on 17 June 2019.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State. The District Court's December 2021 decision described Rhode Island's earlier pleading as asserting six claims against Purdue and the eight individual members of the Sackler family; the retained 2022 complaint names only Richard S. Sackler among the family, and the record does not explain the difference.", "response": "", "outcome": "Rhode Island was among the eight states and the District of Columbia that, with the debtors and the Sacklers, filed the new settlement agreement approved by the Bankruptcy Court's order of 10 March 2022, and agreed to withdraw their opposition to the plan. The settlement modified the earlier plan while its confirmation was on appeal; the Supreme Court later reversed the approval of that plan, and a different plan later took effect.", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "richard-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-illinois", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to a press report of 22 August 2019, Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul, who had sued Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. in April 2019 over alleged deceptive marketing, filed a motion to add Richard Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Jonathan Sackler, Beverly Sackler, Theresa Sackler and David Sackler as defendants, alleging that as board members they participated in, directed, approved or were aware of Purdue's deceptive marketing and directed billions of dollars of company money to their personal accounts.", "qualification": "Press account of the Attorney General's allegations; the motion and its outcome are not in the retained record.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-064" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-west-virginia", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to a press report of 16 May 2019, West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey announced a lawsuit, filed with Iowa, Kansas, Maryland and Wisconsin, seeking damages from Purdue Pharma Inc., Purdue Pharma LP and Richard Sackler, described in the report as the company's former chief executive and a board member, alleging unlawful marketing of opioids; it was West Virginia's second suit, the first having been filed in 2001 and settled in 2004 for $10 million.", "qualification": "Press account of the Attorney General's announcement; the complaint is not retained.", "response": "The report states that Purdue denied the claims and would defend itself, saying the states could not link the harm of opioids to the company and had \"invented stunningly overbroad legal theories\".", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-065" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-colorado", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A press report of 7 July 2020 states that Colorado's lawsuit seeking damages for Purdue's alleged role in the state's opioid crisis named eight family members — Jonathan, Richard, Mortimer D.A., Kathe, Beverly, Theresa and David Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt — and that, of the nearly 3,000 lawsuits brought against the company by state and local governments, hundreds also named family members.", "qualification": "Press account; the Colorado complaint is not retained. Jonathan Sackler died on 30 June 2020, as the same report records.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-092" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-arizona", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2021 law-school student case study of the bankruptcy states that on 31 July 2019 the State of Arizona, through its Attorney General, filed an action in the original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court, State of Arizona v. Richard Sackler et al., No. 22O151, asserting claims under Arizona's fraudulent-transfer laws against Purdue Pharma L.P. and eight family members (Richard, Theresa, Kathe, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Beverly and David Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt), alleging that the family unlawfully transferred billions of dollars out of the company to avoid liability.", "qualification": "Secondary academic account; Arizona's motion for leave to file the bill of complaint, which the study cites with a date of 6 August 2019, is not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "The study reports, citing a December 2019 press report, that the Supreme Court declined to hear the case.", "source_ids": [ "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-settle-florida-2002", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court's 2021 decision, Florida settled an investigation into Purdue in 2002 for $500,000.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-settle-west-virginia-2004", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court's 2021 decision, West Virginia settled an action against Purdue in 2004 for $10 million; that settlement released the claims of the West Virginia Attorney General (for the state and state agencies) arising from the manufacture, marketing and sale of OxyContin in West Virginia against Purdue and its affiliates, shareholders, officers, directors and others.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-settle-mississippi-2006", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court's 2021 decision, Mississippi settled its investigation into Purdue in 2006 for $250,000.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-settle-new-york-2015", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court's 2021 decision, in 2015 the New York Attorney General ended an investigation by an assurance of discontinuance (In the Matter of Purdue Pharma L.P., Assurance No. 15-151, 19 August 2015) in exchange for Purdue's payment of a $75,000 penalty and commitments including continued implementation of its abuse and diversion detection (ADD) program in New York and annual reviews and monitoring by the Attorney General.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-settle-kentucky", "kind": "fact", "text": "Kentucky's action against Purdue was settled for $24 million. The District Court's 2021 decision dates the settlement to 2016 in its list of state settlements and to 2015 where it records Richard Sackler's approval as a director; Connecticut's 2019 complaint states that Purdue agreed to pay Kentucky $24 million over eight years under a settlement announced in late 2015 of a suit Kentucky filed in 2007.", "qualification": "The year differs between passages (2015 or 2016), possibly announcement versus completion; the settlement agreement itself is not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-kentucky-deposition", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An online encyclopedia article states that Richard Sackler was deposed in Louisville, Kentucky in 2015 in connection with the Kentucky case, and that before trial Purdue settled for $24 million, with the deposition sealed and the Kentucky prosecutors required to destroy or return internal documents obtained in discovery; it adds that a medical news publication later sued to unseal the deposition, a state judge ruled in its favour, Purdue appealed, and the deposition was later made public.", "qualification": "Secondary account in an online encyclopedia article; the settlement terms on liability, sealing and document return and the unsealing litigation are not shown in a retained primary record.", "response": "The same account states that Purdue admitted no liability in the settlement.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-027" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-settle-oklahoma-2019", "kind": "fact", "text": "In March 2019 Purdue agreed to pay the State of Oklahoma $270 million to settle the state's opioid claims (Consent Judgment, Oklahoma v. Purdue Pharma et al., No. CJ-2017-816, Dist. Ct. Cleveland Cnty., 26 March 2019), before a trial scheduled for May 2019. The District Court's 2021 decision records that the settlement released the claims of the Oklahoma Attorney General, the state and its subdivisions against Purdue, its officers, directors, shareholders, direct and indirect owners, beneficiaries of the owners and others, arising out of the conduct alleged in the complaint; Connecticut's 2019 complaint states that the $270 million was secured in large part by letters of credit.", "qualification": "The District Court uses \"Purdue\" for Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors; the consent judgment itself is not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "The plan confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court in the bankruptcy case keeps a Purdue Oklahoma Subdivision Fund designated for Oklahoma subdivisions in the State's pre-petition settlement and waives that settlement's release conditions so that Oklahoma's litigating subdivisions may take part both in that fund and in the Governmental Remediation Trust.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-lit-oklahoma-family-contribution", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Connecticut's amended complaint of May 2019 states that, in connection with Purdue's 26 March 2019 Oklahoma settlement, the \"Dr. Mortimer and Dr. Raymond Sackler families\" agreed to make a \"voluntary and irrevocable contribution\" of $75 million in settlement of the case.", "qualification": "Stated in the State of Connecticut's complaint; the Oklahoma settlement documents are not retained. The complaint does not say whether the families' $75 million was part of or in addition to the $270 million, or which family entities paid it.", "response": "", "outcome": "The plan confirmed in the bankruptcy case describes the Oklahoma settlement as the State's pre-petition settlement \"with the Debtors and certain of the Sackler Parties and/or their Related Parties\".", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-distributor-creditors", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the list of the 50 largest unsecured creditors filed with Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Chapter 11 petition of 15 September 2019, three wholesale distributors appear with claims described as \"distributor fees\": AmerisourceBergen (no. 7, $4,485,373), McKesson Corporation (no. 9, $3,655,581) and Cardinal Health (no. 10, $3,468,979).", "qualification": "Unsecured claims as scheduled by the debtor at the petition date; the list does not state the contracts under which the fees arose.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "amerisourcebergen", "mckesson", "cardinal-health" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-distributors-sales-channel", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement for the Thirteenth Amended Plan, dated 1 July 2025, describes wholesalers (\"Distributors\") as the debtors' primary channel for selling prescription products: Purdue Pharma and Rhodes together had 40 different customer/distributors, but Cardinal, McKesson and Cencora (formerly Amerisource Bergen) generally accounted for over 90 percent of their gross sales. The same statement describes chargebacks that wholesalers claim from the debtors under the Federal Supply Schedule programs and warns that if the Distributors refused to do business with NewCo it would lose access to its primary sales channel.", "qualification": "Commercial description by the debtors in a risk-factor section; it concerns the distributors as customers, not their litigation role.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "cardinal-health", "mckesson", "amerisourcebergen" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-rdc-creditor", "kind": "fact", "text": "The federal courts' record of the Purdue Pharma L.P. bankruptcy case (No. 19-23649) on GovInfo lists the RDC Liquidating Trust, as successor-in-interest to Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., among the creditors.", "qualification": "A party listing; it does not state the nature or amount of the claim.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-115" ], "entity_ids": [ "rochester-drug-cooperative", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-ri-distributor-defendants", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Rhode Island's Third Amended Complaint (C.A. No. PC2018-4555, submitted 22 March 2022) sues, alongside the Purdue defendants and other manufacturers, McKesson Corporation d/b/a McKesson Drug Company, Cardinal Health, Inc. and AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation as the \"Distributor Defendants\", describing them as the \"big three\" that dominate wholesale distribution, including in Rhode Island, and alleging that Purdue and the distributors failed to report suspicious orders.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State of Rhode Island against the distributors in their own capacity; being co-defendants is a litigation role distinct from their commercial dealings with Purdue, and the complaint is not a finding.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-055" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen-drug", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen-drug" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-ri-chargebacks", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Rhode Island's Third Amended Complaint alleges, \"upon information and belief, based on the reporting of an industry-wide practice\", that Purdue paid reimbursements known as \"chargebacks\" to wholesale distributors and thereby obtained information about where its drugs went as they moved from wholesalers to retailers, and that Purdue failed to report suspicious orders or retailers from 2014 onward despite that chargeback and prescribing data.", "qualification": "Pleaded on information and belief by the State; the complaint defines \"Purdue\" as Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc. and The Purdue Frederick Company. The debtors' 2025 disclosure statement describes chargebacks that wholesalers claim from the debtors under the Federal Supply Schedule programs; it does not address the State's allegation.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-distributors-ny-recovery", "kind": "fact", "text": "The New York Attorney General's release of 1 February 2024 lists McKesson, Cardinal Health and Amerisource Bergen among the companies from which the Attorney General had recovered funds for New York opioid abatement since filing the 2019 lawsuit against opioid distributors and manufacturers — a resolution by the distributors of their own liability, separate from Purdue's.", "qualification": "The release links to, but does not itself describe, the earlier agreement with the three distributors.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-062" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-creditors-purple-dezenhall", "kind": "fact", "text": "The same petition list of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s 50 largest unsecured creditors includes Purple Strategies LLC (no. 39, of Alexandria, Virginia, trade debt $150,000) and Dezenhall Resources (Washington, D.C.), also listed with a trade debt.", "qualification": "The list describes both claims only as trade debt and does not say what services were provided; the Dezenhall amount is not legibly reproduced in the retained copy (it reads \"5142485\", apparently $142,485).", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purple-strategies", "dezenhall-resources" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-creditor-syneos", "kind": "fact", "text": "The petition list of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s 50 largest unsecured creditors includes Syneos Health, listed as formerly inVentiv Health, with a trade debt of $1,073,469.", "qualification": "The list gives the claim only as trade debt and does not describe the services provided.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "syneos-health" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-engagements", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Justice Department's release of 13 December 2024 on the McKinsey resolution, McKinsey contracted with Purdue on 75 different engagements in the United States between 2004 and 2019; after a Purdue affiliate's 2007 guilty plea McKinsey partners maintained close contact with Purdue, worked with it in 2009 to enhance \"brand loyalty\" for OxyContin, and in 2010 worked with it to obtain FDA approval of a reformulated, abuse-deterrent OxyContin.", "qualification": "The release summarises the Agreed Statement of Facts filed with the resolution; the statement itself (71 pages) is not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-stewart", "kind": "fact", "text": "John Stewart, Chief Executive Officer of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. from June 2007 to December 2013, stated in a declaration in the Massachusetts case that McKinsey & Company performed work for Purdue of nationwide scope; that as CEO he was aware of McKinsey's work and occasionally met McKinsey's managing director, who worked in Stamford, Connecticut, about the projects; and that he had no day-to-day role in them, for which specific groups of Purdue personnel were generally responsible.", "qualification": "Sworn statement of a defendant made in support of the CEO defendants' motion to dismiss, addressing his contacts with Massachusetts; the Commonwealth's allegations about McKinsey's work to which it responds are not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-033" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-stewart", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-addendum-contract", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In Addendum A to its 2020 civil settlement agreement with the Named Sacklers, the United States states that a consulting company, not named in the document, had worked for Purdue since approximately the mid-2000s; that on 28 May 2013 Purdue executives executed a contract with it to \"conduct a rapid assessment of the underlying drivers of current OxyContin performance, identify key opportunities to increase near-term OxyContin revenue and develop plans to capture priority opportunities\"; and that Richard Sackler had direct communications with the consulting company shortly before the contract was executed, which continued as it worked with Purdue to develop and implement the \"Evolve to Excellence\" (E2E) programme.", "qualification": "The addendum sets out conduct the United States contends it could prove (the \"Covered Conduct\"); it is not a finding.", "response": "The settlement agreement states that it is not an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers and that they expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct.", "outcome": "Under the settlement the Named Sacklers agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest; the debtors' 2025 disclosure statement describes the $225 million as already paid directly to the DOJ outside the plan.", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-addendum-board-meeting", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Addendum A further states that between 18 July and 8 August 2013 the consulting company gave Purdue's CEO several reports, at least two of which went to the board including the Named Sacklers; that Richard Sackler arranged a face-to-face meeting for the board with the consulting company outside the presence of Purdue executives; that on 23 August 2013 certain of the Named Sacklers met the consulting company and examined its \"unvarnished\" findings and recommendations; and that E2E was then overseen by the consulting company and some of Purdue's top executives through an Executive Oversight Team and a Project Management Office.", "qualification": "Contentions of the United States in the settlement addendum; the consulting company is not named in the document.", "response": "The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-addendum-distribution-model", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to Addendum A, the consulting company told Purdue and its board in 2013 that the retail channel, both pharmacies and distributors, was under intense scrutiny, with wholesalers stopping shipments to an increasing number of pharmacies and imposing hard quantity limits, and it proposed an \"alternative model for how patients receive OxyContin\" that would bypass retail through a third-party vendor. The addendum states that on 16 and 18 August 2013 Mortimer D.A. Sackler asked Purdue's CEO about a new distribution system and a complementary business, that Richard Sackler replied he had had the same idea, that the Named Sacklers then approved E2E, and that in 2015 Purdue ('the company' in the addendum) entered agreements with three specialty pharmacies for Hysingla.", "qualification": "Contentions of the United States; the addendum does not name the consulting company or the specialty pharmacies.", "response": "The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations regarding the Covered Conduct.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-consulting-company-identity", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The 2020 addendum does not name the consulting company behind E2E, but the Justice Department's December 2024 release on McKinsey describes the same engagement: it states that in May 2013 Purdue retained McKinsey to conduct a rapid assessment of the underlying drivers of OxyContin performance, identify key opportunities to increase near-term OxyContin revenue and develop plans to capture priority opportunities — the wording the addendum quotes from the 28 May 2013 contract — that this 2013 effort was called Evolve to Excellence, or E2E, and that after an August 2013 meeting with family members of the board a McKinsey partner reported a \"ringing endorsement\" of \"moving forward fast\", the phrase the addendum quotes from the consulting company's partners. The New York Attorney General's 2021 complaint likewise attributes the 2013 plan implemented as E2E to McKinsey.", "qualification": "Inference from matching dates, contract wording and quotations in two DOJ documents; neither document states expressly that the unnamed company of the 2020 addendum is McKinsey, so the addendum's statements are kept as statements about an unnamed consulting company.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-e2e-doj", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Justice Department's December 2024 release, summarising the Agreed Statement of Facts, states that in May 2013 Purdue retained McKinsey to conduct a rapid assessment of the underlying drivers of OxyContin performance and identify key opportunities to increase near-term OxyContin revenue; that this effort, called Evolve to Excellence (E2E), included McKinsey advising Purdue on how to \"turbocharge\" the OxyContin sales pipeline by, among other strategies, intensifying marketing to High Value Prescribers, including prescribers writing opioid prescriptions for uses that were unsafe, ineffective and medically unnecessary; that McKinsey consultants went on \"ride-alongs\" with Purdue sales representatives; that in August 2013 McKinsey partners presented their findings to members of the Purdue board from the family that controlled Purdue; and that after E2E McKinsey did further work for Purdue aimed at maximising OxyContin sales to High Value Prescribers.", "qualification": "DOJ's summary of the statement of facts agreed in the McKinsey resolution; the statement itself is not retained, and the release notes that details in the charging documents and civil resolution are allegations.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-ny-complaint", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's complaint against McKinsey & Company, Inc. United States (Supreme Court of the State of New York, Suffolk County, Index No. 400001/2021, filed 5 February 2021) alleges that McKinsey sold its ideas to Purdue Pharma, L.P. for more than fifteen years, from 2004 to 2019, before and after the 2007 guilty plea (called Purdue's in the complaint; it was entered by the affiliate The Purdue Frederick Company); that in 2008 it worked with Purdue on its FDA-mandated risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS); that in 2009 Purdue hired it to increase \"brand loyalty\" to OxyContin; that in 2013 it laid out a plan, approved by Purdue and implemented with McKinsey as \"Evolve 2 Excellence\" (E2E), to \"Turbocharg[e] Purdue's Sales Engine\"; and that McKinsey partners sat on an Executive Oversight Team and Project Management Office reporting to Purdue's executives, the Purdue board and members of the Sackler family individually.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State under General Business Law § 349, filed together with a consent judgment; not adjudicated.", "response": "", "outcome": "The complaint was filed together with an agreement and consent judgment under which McKinsey was to provide more than $573 million to the participating states and territories and stop advising on Schedule II and III opioids.", "source_ids": [ "src-061", "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey-us" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-ny-owners", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The same complaint alleges that when a large pharmacy chain took steps to scrutinise suspicious opioid orders, McKinsey stressed to Purdue's owners the \"need to take action\" and told them to engage in senior-level discussions with the chain, increase efforts with patient advocacy groups against dispensing limits and accelerate an alternative distribution channel such as mail-order delivery of OxyContin to patients; it also states that there were indications that individuals at McKinsey considered destroying or deleting documents about their work for Purdue, and that in 2019 McKinsey announced that it no longer worked for Purdue or other opioid manufacturers.", "qualification": "Allegations of the State of New York; the paragraph does not say which of Purdue's owners McKinsey addressed and does not name the pharmacy chain.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-061" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey-us" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-ny-relief", "kind": "fact", "text": "The New York complaint against McKinsey, dated 4 February 2021, pleads one claim under New York General Business Law § 349 and asks for a declaration that McKinsey engaged in deceptive acts, a permanent injunction against deceptive trade practices, monetary relief of up to $32.158.566.52 (as printed in the retained copy) and costs.", "qualification": "Relief requested, not awarded by a court; the Attorney General's release states that New York was to receive more than $32 million under the multistate agreement.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-061", "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey-us" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-2021-resolution", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 4 February 2021, 47 states, the District of Columbia and five U.S. territories simultaneously filed an agreement and consent judgment with McKinsey & Company resolving the attorneys general's investigations into its work for opioid companies. Under it McKinsey was to provide more than $573 million, minus costs, for opioid abatement (more than $32 million for New York), release tens of thousands of internal documents on its work for Purdue Pharma and other opioid manufacturers, adopt a strict document-retention plan, continue its investigation into allegations that two of its partners tried to destroy documents in response to investigations of Purdue Pharma, implement an ethics code certified annually by all partners, and stop advising companies on Schedule II and III opioid narcotics.", "qualification": "Terms as described in the New York Attorney General's release; the consent judgment itself is not retained, and the release does not say whether McKinsey admitted the allegations.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-2021-ag-account", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The New York Attorney General's release of 4 February 2021 states that McKinsey promoted marketing schemes and consulting services to opioid manufacturers, including Purdue Pharma, for over a decade, advising Purdue and members of the Sackler family who control Purdue on how to maximise profits from its opioids — including targeting high-volume prescribers, messaging to get physicians to prescribe more OxyContin and circumventing pharmacy restrictions — and that when states began to sue Purdue's directors, McKinsey partners began emailing about deleting documents related to their work for Purdue.", "qualification": "The Attorney General's characterisation of conduct alleged in the complaint filed with the consent judgment; not a court finding.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-2024-resolution", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 13 December 2024 the Justice Department announced that McKinsey & Company Inc. had agreed to pay $650 million to resolve a criminal and civil investigation into its consulting work for Purdue Pharma L.P. on the sales and marketing of OxyContin, including the 2013 engagement on steps to \"turbocharge\" OxyContin sales: a penalty of over $231 million, a forfeiture of over $93 million (reflecting all money Purdue paid McKinsey from 2004 to 2019) and $2 million to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit to resolve the criminal allegations, and over $323 million under a civil settlement of False Claims Act liability. McKinsey also agreed not to do any work related to the marketing, sale, promotion or distribution of controlled substances during the five-year term of the deferred prosecution agreement and to implement a compliance programme; its U.S. subsidiary entered a five-year corporate integrity agreement with HHS-OIG.", "qualification": "The release notes that the details in the charging documents and civil resolution are allegations; the payments are McKinsey's own liability, not Purdue's or the Sackler family's.", "response": "The DOJ records that McKinsey received credit for cooperating with the investigation and for remedial measures, including voluntarily stopping all work on opioid-specific business issues in 2019 and terminating two senior partners, among them Martin Elling, who had communicated about deleting opioid-related documents concerning Purdue.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "mckinsey-us", "purdue-pharma-lp", "martin-elling" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-information", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In connection with the five-year deferred prosecution agreement entered by McKinsey & Company, Inc., the U.S. Attorneys for the Western District of Virginia and the District of Massachusetts charged McKinsey & Company, Inc. United States, McKinsey's U.S. subsidiary, by a criminal Information in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia (Abingdon), entered on 13 December 2024, with two counts: a misdemeanor conspiracy (18 U.S.C. § 371) in that, from about April 2012 through February 2018, it knowingly and intentionally conspired with Purdue Pharma L.P. and others to aid and abet the misbranding of prescription drugs held for sale without valid prescriptions; and a felony (18 U.S.C. § 1519) in that, between about April and September 2018, through the acts of a senior partner, it knowingly destroyed and concealed records with intent to impede a federal investigation.", "qualification": "Charges resolved by a five-year deferred prosecution agreement, not a conviction; the DOJ release notes that the details in the charging documents are allegations. Purdue Pharma L.P. is named as a co-conspirator, not charged, in this Information.", "response": "", "outcome": "Prosecution was deferred under the five-year deferred prosecution agreement, and McKinsey agreed to total payments of $650 million under the criminal and civil resolution.", "source_ids": [ "src-067", "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey-us" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-fda-conflict", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The 2024 civil False Claims Act settlement also resolves allegations that from 2014 to 2017 McKinsey US knowingly misled the FDA by assigning consultants to work concurrently on FDA projects and competitively sensitive Purdue projects, contrary to its conflict-of-interest policy, and allegations that from 2013 to 2014, by advising Purdue to turbocharge OxyContin marketing to High Value Prescribers, it caused false claims for OxyContin to be submitted to federal health programmes.", "qualification": "Allegations resolved by the civil settlement; liability under the False Claims Act was settled, not adjudicated.", "response": "According to the DOJ release, McKinsey US admitted that it did not inform the FDA that its consultants worked on the Purdue projects around the same time those consultants also worked on the FDA project.", "outcome": "Resolved by McKinsey's civil settlement agreement, under which it pays over $323 million to resolve its False Claims Act liability.", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "mckinsey-us" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-us-purdue-projects", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Justice Department's release of 13 December 2024, McKinsey & Company, Inc. United States (McKinsey US) admitted that it did not inform the FDA that its consultants worked on the Purdue projects around the same time those consultants also worked on an FDA project; the release refers to conflicts of interest arising from McKinsey US's concurrent work for Purdue Pharma L.P. and the FDA.", "qualification": "An admission recorded in the civil resolution as summarised by DOJ; the related allegation that McKinsey US knowingly misled the FDA from 2014 to 2017 was settled, not adjudicated.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-elling-role", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to the charging documents as summarised by the Justice Department, Martin E. Elling, a former senior partner of McKinsey, served as Director of the client services team for approximately 30 of McKinsey's engagements with Purdue, had a senior, relationship-focused role on the E2E engagement and was involved in securing that engagement for McKinsey; McKinsey terminated him as part of its remedial measures.", "qualification": "Description in the DOJ release of the charging documents and the DPA; the charging documents against Elling are not retained.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "martin-elling", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-elling-charge", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Justice Department announced on 13 December 2024 that Martin E. Elling, a former McKinsey senior partner, had been charged in federal court in Abingdon, Virginia, with one count of knowingly destroying records, documents and tangible objects with intent to impede, obstruct and influence a Justice Department investigation. The charging documents allege that on 4 July 2018, after reading that a Purdue board member was being sued by state attorneys general, he emailed another senior partner about whether to do anything other than eliminate \"all our documents and emails\", and that forensic analysis of his McKinsey laptop found he had removed Purdue-related materials and a Purdue-related email folder.", "qualification": "A charge and an agreement to plead guilty as announced; the retained record does not show the plea being entered or any sentence. The release states that defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty.", "response": "According to the release, Elling agreed to plead guilty and was expected to appear in federal court in Abingdon to enter his plea and for sentencing at later dates.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "martin-elling", "mckinsey" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "martin-elling" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-mck-bankruptcy", "kind": "fact", "text": "The claims agent's website for the Purdue bankruptcy lists among the related proceedings two adversary proceedings brought by local governments against McKinsey — Alma, Georgia et al. v. McKinsey & Company, Inc. et al. (No. 22-07044) and Bayonne, New Jersey et al. v. McKinsey & Company, Inc. et al. (No. 22-07045). The plan confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court (Doc 8263) provides that all retained causes of action against McKinsey & Company and the other parties on the Schedule of Excluded Parties constitute \"MDT Causes of Action\", which are among the assets the plan transfers to the Master Disbursement Trust.", "qualification": "The plan's treatment preserves the estate's claims against McKinsey; it does not establish their merit, and the retained record does not show their outcome.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "master-disbursement-trust", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-publicis-resolution", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 1 February 2024 the New York Attorney General, co-leading a coalition of every attorney general in the nation, announced a $350 million agreement with Publicis Health, LLC, part of Publicis Groupe, S.A., described as the first settlement with an advertising agency for its role in the opioid crisis: $350 million to be paid within 60 days, a prohibition on Publicis accepting future contracts or engagements related to the marketing or sale of opioids, and the release of hundreds of thousands of internal documents on its work for Purdue and other opioid manufacturers and its communications with consultants such as McKinsey and Practice Fusion; New York's share was $19,176,750.60.", "qualification": "Terms as described in the Attorney General's release; the consent judgment is not retained. The payment is Publicis Health's own liability, not Purdue's.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-062" ], "entity_ids": [ "publicis-health", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey", "practice-fusion" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "publicis-health" ] }, { "id": "c-cons-publicis-role", "kind": "attributed", "text": "According to the New York Attorney General, from 2010 through 2019 Publicis Health worked with Purdue Pharma L.P. as its advertising agency to develop marketing campaigns and materials promoting OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla, created materials that promoted OxyContin as safe and unable to be abused, implemented Purdue's \"Evolve to Excellence\" programme developed by McKinsey, and conspired with McKinsey & Company, Inc. and Practice Fusion, Inc. to push false and deceptive strategies to increase Purdue's opioid sales.", "qualification": "The Attorney General's allegations announced with the settlement; not a court finding.", "response": "", "outcome": "Resolved by the agreement announced on 1 February 2024, under which Publicis Health pays $350 million within 60 days and may not accept future contracts or engagements related to the marketing or sale of opioids.", "source_ids": [ "src-062" ], "entity_ids": [ "publicis-health", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey", "practice-fusion" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "publicis-health" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-investigation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 states that they had been under investigation by the DOJ since at least June 2016: Purdue Pharma L.P. received a subpoena from a United States Attorney's Office in summer 2016 seeking documents on the marketing of OxyContin and, from December 2017, further subpoenas and requests from several other U.S. Attorney's Offices and DOJ components on topics including its opioid medications, the debtors' monitoring programs, payments to professionals and marketing practices. Purdue Pharma L.P. produced more than 13 million documents (over 100 million pages) to the DOJ, including more than 2.7 million documents (more than 17 million pages) in direct response to DOJ requests.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-proof-of-claim", "kind": "attributed", "text": "On 30 July 2020 the United States (Department of Justice) filed a proof of claim in the Purdue bankruptcy cases asserting non-dischargeable civil claims under the False Claims Act, unjust enrichment, the Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act and the civil forfeiture statute, estimating single damages of $2.8 billion or more plus treble damages and penalties. It alleged that from 2010 through 2018 Purdue detailed prescribers nationwide, including prescribers it knew were facilitating medically unnecessary prescriptions; paid kickbacks to prescribers through its corporate advisor and speaker programs (from 2013 through 2018 over $3 million for advising and over $10 million for speaking); paid Practice Fusion, an electronic health records vendor, to create a 'Pain CDS' alert that was live on its platform from on or about 6 July 2016 to the spring of 2019; and from October 2015 through 2018 paid three specialty pharmacies over $137,000 to fill OxyContin prescriptions that other pharmacies had rejected.", "qualification": "Allegations of the United States in its proof of claim, made on information and belief while its civil investigation was ongoing and with a reservation of the right to amend.", "response": "", "outcome": "In the civil settlement announced on 21 October 2020 Purdue agreed to give the United States an allowed, unsubordinated, general unsecured claim of $2.8 billion; DOJ stated that, except to the extent of Purdue's admissions in the criminal resolution, the claims resolved by the civil settlements are allegations only and that there has been no determination of liability in the civil matters.", "source_ids": [ "src-038", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-global-resolution", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 21 October 2020 the Department of Justice announced a global resolution of its criminal and civil investigations into Purdue Pharma LP, subject to approval by the bankruptcy court: Purdue Pharma agreed to plead guilty in federal court in New Jersey to a three-count felony information (one count of dual-object conspiracy to defraud the United States and to violate the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and two counts of conspiracy to violate the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute), with a criminal fine of $3.544 billion and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, of which the company would pay $225 million on the effective date of the bankruptcy and DOJ was willing to credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on State and local governments; Purdue also agreed to a $2.8 billion civil settlement of its False Claims Act liability. A condition was that the company cease to operate in its current form and emerge from bankruptcy as a public benefit company owned by a trust or similar entity for the benefit of the American public. DOJ stated that the resolutions did not include the criminal release of any individuals, including members of the Sackler family, and that no company executives or employees received civil releases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-information", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 24 November 2020 the United States filed a three-count Information against Purdue Pharma L.P. alone in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (Criminal No. 20-1028 (MCA), Case 2:20-cr-01028, Hon. Madeline Cox Arleo), the defendant having waived prosecution by indictment. Count One charged a conspiracy under 18 U.S.C. § 371, from on or about 11 May 2007 through on or about 9 February 2018, to defraud the United States by impeding the DEA's ability to prevent the diversion of controlled substances and to aid and abet the misbranding of prescription drugs held for sale without valid prescriptions. Count Two charged a conspiracy to violate the Anti-Kickback Statute from at least about June 2009 through about February 2018 by paying prescribers kickbacks disguised as speaker fees. Count Three charged a conspiracy with Practice Fusion and others, from no later than about March 2016 through at least November 2016, to pay Practice Fusion remuneration in return for arranging or recommending the company's opioid products.", "qualification": "", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.'", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-077", "src-015", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-plea", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 24 November 2020 Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three-count felony Information: one count of dual-object conspiracy to defraud the United States and to violate the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and two counts of conspiracy to violate the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute (USA v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 2:20-cr-01028, D.N.J.). The District Court for the Southern District of New York later described the plea as the company's own: in its plea agreement 'the company (though not the people through whom the company acted) admitted to substantial deliberate wrongful conduct'.", "qualification": "Corporate plea; no individual was charged in this case.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.'", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-077", "src-003", "src-015", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-admissions", "kind": "fact", "text": "DOJ's announcement of 21 October 2020 described what Purdue would admit as part of the plea: that from May 2007 through at least March 2017 it conspired to defraud the United States by impeding the lawful function of the DEA, representing that it maintained an effective anti-diversion program while continuing to market its opioid products to more than 100 health care providers it had good reason to believe were diverting opioids, and reporting misleading prescription data to the DEA to boost its manufacturing quotas, the conspiracy also involving aiding and abetting violations of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; that between June 2009 and March 2017 it paid two doctors through its speaker program to induce more prescriptions; and that from approximately April 2016 through December 2016 it paid Practice Fusion Inc. in exchange for referring, recommending and arranging for the ordering of OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla. The District Court later recorded that in Schedule A to the plea agreement, to whose facts the corporation stipulated, Purdue admitted offering payments to induce prescriptions, offering prescription savings cards, and failing to maintain effective controls against diversion, including failing to inform the DEA that health care providers flagged for abuse filled over 1.4 million OxyContin prescriptions.", "qualification": "", "response": "The District Court noted that the Sacklers do not concede the truth of Purdue's admissions.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-plea-terms", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Second Circuit's opinion of 30 May 2023 described the terms of the 2020 plea agreement: DOJ agreed it would 'not initiate any further criminal charges against Purdue'; Purdue agreed to a $2 billion forfeiture judgment that gave DOJ 'superpriority' to collect in the event of a liquidation of the estate; DOJ would release $1.775 billion of its $2 billion claim so long as a future distribution plan established an abatement trust for the public benefit and a document repository; and while the plea agreement released Purdue from any additional civil or administrative monetary claims by the government for the covered conduct, it expressly did not release criminal liability. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 adds that Purdue Pharma L.P. will be excluded from participation in federal healthcare programs if the plea agreement is accepted and it is convicted, and that the resolution anticipates a public benefit company or similar entity continuing to sell the debtors' medicines after that exclusion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-015", "src-077" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-sentence", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 28 April 2026 Purdue Pharma LP was sentenced in federal court in Newark, New Jersey, and ordered to pay criminal penalties of over $5 billion: a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, to be assessed in connection with the bankruptcy proceedings, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments through the bankruptcy if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity. Purdue is also required to host a public document repository of documents relating to the criminal charges.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-077" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-plan-treatment", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Bankruptcy Court's order of 18 November 2025 confirming the Eighteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan carries the DOJ claims as follows: the DOJ Civil Claim of $2.8 billion, the DOJ Criminal Fine Claim of $3.544 billion and the DOJ Forfeiture Judgment Claim of $2 billion, each as defined in the court's earlier order authorising and approving the settlements between the debtors and the United States (the 'DOJ 9019 Order', D.I. 2004); a DOJ Forfeiture Judgment Credit for value distributed or conferred by the debtors in respect of non-federal domestic governmental claims and tribe claims, not to exceed $1.775 billion; and a DOJ Forfeiture Payment of $225 million in cash by Purdue Pharma L.P. to the United States Marshals. The DOJ civil claim and the criminal fine claim are grouped as 'DOJ Unsecured Claims'. The order finds that the aggregate value conferred under the plan on non-federal domestic governmental and tribe claims exceeds $1.775 billion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-forfeiture-allegation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Information's forfeiture allegation as to Count One stated that Purdue Pharma L.P. shall forfeit all property derived from gross proceeds traceable to the conspiracy and the value of misbranded and unapproved drugs introduced into interstate commerce, 'the value of which totaled $2,000,000,000'; it also sought forfeiture of gross proceeds traceable to Counts Two and Three, with a substitute-assets provision.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "At sentencing on 28 April 2026 the court ordered $2 billion in criminal forfeiture.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-077" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-marketing", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. directed its hundreds of sales representatives to visit the most prolific opioid prescribers repeatedly, in part because it knew that the top 2 percent of opioid prescribers wrote close to 80 percent of OxyContin prescriptions nationwide; that it listed them as 'Super Core' and 'Core' prescribers on call lists even after its own analytics showed that the highest prescribers were those most likely to be engaged in diversion; and that it had representatives give prescribers prescription savings cards to defray patients' costs.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-add-program", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information states that Purdue Pharma L.P. implemented Standard Operating Procedure 1.7.1, later named the Abuse and Diversion Detection (ADD) Program, in or around November 2002 and kept it in effect until in or around April 2018, shortly after it ceased promoting opioids to prescribers; field staff were to file 'Reports of Concern' (ROCs), and prescribers the company decided to stop detailing were placed on a 'Region Zero' list. It alleges that between 2007 and 2018 the company received ROCs or reviewed data analytics on approximately 6,500 prescribers and pharmacies and that in over a hundred instances it continued to market and promote its opioid products to a prescriber despite information indicating diversion.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account. The United States' 2020 proof of claim likewise describes the ADD program as operating from about 2002 until 2018 under SOP 1.7.1.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-038", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-region-zero-revenue", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. knew it was generating over one hundred million dollars a year from prescriptions written by prescribers flagged for the Region Zero list, that at various times its executives provided the company's Board of Directors with data on those prescriptions, including the exact prescriptions, units and dollars generated by each such prescriber, and that it continued to honour the redemption of prescription savings cards linked to hundreds of Region Zero prescribers.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account. The Information states that the board of Purdue Pharma Inc., the general partner, managed Purdue Pharma L.P.; it does not name the directors who received the data.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-dea-meetings", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that, although its anti-diversion efforts were failing, Purdue Pharma L.P. touted their effectiveness to the DEA: on or about 12 April 2011 a senior member of its legal department and a senior member of its compliance team met DEA personnel and explained that the ADD Program was designed to prevent marketing to prescribers engaged in abuse or diversion, and in or around October and December 2011 company representatives again told DEA staff that the program was effective in combatting illegal diversion.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-quota", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. and certain Purdue Entities annually applied to the DEA for authorisation to manufacture quantities of Schedule II controlled substances within the DEA's quotas and, to support the requests, supplied prescription data presented as legitimate sales while knowingly failing to inform the DEA that a significant portion of the prescriptions (valued at over $1.17 billion between May 2007 and February 2018) were written by Region Zero prescribers it knew or believed to be engaged in diversion. The overt acts list such oxycodone submissions by Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. as registrant from 27 February 2008 to 7 May 2018 and by Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. on 10 July 2018.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account. DOJ's description of the admitted conduct includes reporting misleading information to the DEA to boost manufacturing quotas; the subsidiaries named as registrants were not charged.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-invalid-prescriptions", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Count One of the Information alleges that, as part of the conspiracy, Purdue Pharma L.P. knew that certain prescribers its sales representatives detailed and supplied with prescription savings cards wrote invalid OxyContin and other opioid prescriptions, continued detailing and supplying them after learning this, and intended its products to be dispensed under those prescriptions to maximise revenue; approximately 96 percent of its opioid products dispensed under these invalid prescriptions were paid for by health care benefit programs.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-1", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. sales representatives detailed Prescriber-1, a 'Super Core' prescriber in Nevada, at least 422 times between about January 2007 and February 2018, during which Prescriber-1's OxyContin prescriptions generated over $6.7 million in gross proceeds for the company, and that the company continued its sales and marketing efforts after a representative reported on or about 21 October 2009 a local pharmacist's complaint that Prescriber-1's patients were selling their prescriptions.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-2", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that after a sales representative's report of concern on or about 10 November 2014 about Prescriber-2, a 'Super Core' prescriber in New York, a senior ADD Program employee recommended on or about 24 November 2014 that representatives cease calling on Prescriber-2 and that the company refer Prescriber-2 to the DEA, but a few hours later the ADD Program reversed course after a group 'consultation'; the company resumed detailing and, from November 2014 until Prescriber-2's indictment in June 2017, detailed Prescriber-2 about 34 times and earned about $834,402 in gross proceeds from Prescriber-2's OxyContin prescriptions, without ever referring Prescriber-2 to the DEA.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-3", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Prescriber-3, a 'Super Core' prescriber in Alabama who wrote the most OxyContin prescriptions in the United States between about 2010 and 2013, was detailed at least 214 times between January 2007 and March 2013 and generated over $24 million in gross proceeds; that after a report on or about 9 December 2011 that Prescriber-3 was under investigation by law enforcement, the company directed its representatives to continue calling; and that from December 2011 until Prescriber-3 surrendered the medical licence in March 2013 the company detailed Prescriber-3 about 40 times, redeemed roughly 332 savings cards and earned over $7 million, never referring Prescriber-3 to the DEA.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-4", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Prescriber-4, a 'Super Core' prescriber in Michigan who was also a paid member of the company's Speaker Program and spoke for it about 21 times in 2012 and 2013, was detailed at least 325 times between January 2007 and May 2014, generating approximately $16,952,962 in gross proceeds, and that after a report that Prescriber-4's office had been raided by law enforcement the company directed its representatives on or about 26 March 2012 to continue calling on Prescriber-4.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-6", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that from February 2004, when Purdue Pharma L.P. first knew or had good reason to believe that Prescriber-6, a 'Super Core' prescriber in Ohio, was diverting opioids, until it disbanded its opioid sales force in February 2018, the company detailed Prescriber-6 approximately 226 times, redeemed roughly 420 prescription savings cards linked to Prescriber-6 and earned over $47.1 million in gross proceeds from Prescriber-6's OxyContin prescriptions, having directed its representatives on or about 25 March 2015 to resume calling on Prescriber-6.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-9", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that from December 2002, when Purdue Pharma L.P. first knew or had good reason to believe that Prescriber-9, a 'Super Core' prescriber in Nevada, was diverting opioids, until it stopped redeeming prescription savings cards linked to Prescriber-9 in March 2017, the company detailed Prescriber-9 over 438 times, redeemed roughly 884 savings cards and earned over $15.3 million in gross proceeds from Prescriber-9's OxyContin prescriptions.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account. The Information's summary paragraph refers to the savings cards as 'linked to Prescriber-8', apparently a slip for Prescriber-9.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-prescriber-10", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Prescriber-10, a 'Super Core' prescriber who owned a multi-prescriber pain clinic in New York and was among the top OxyContin prescribers in the nation from 2007 through 2014 (as many as 12,961 OxyContin prescriptions in a year), was detailed about 227 times between November 2003, when the company first knew or had good reason to believe Prescriber-10 was diverting opioids, and its last redemption of savings cards linked to Prescriber-10 in February 2016, with roughly 232 savings cards redeemed and over $25.8 million in gross proceeds; between January 2007 and February 2016 the company never took any action to refer Prescriber-10 to the DEA or any other regulatory or law enforcement agency.", "qualification": "Allegation in the Information. Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts, and DOJ described the conduct it admitted as running from May 2007 through at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers; the agreed statement (Schedule A) is not among the retained records, so this detail remains the prosecution's account.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-speaker-kickbacks", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Count Two of the Information alleges that from about June 2009 through about 2016 Purdue Pharma L.P. paid Prescriber-11 at least $476,000 in fees, items and reimbursements as kickbacks to induce prescriptions, during which Medicare paid over $7 million for Prescriber-11's OxyContin prescriptions; that it gave Prescriber-11 approximately 85 paid speaking engagements although it knew Prescriber-11 was an ineffective speaker, and that Prescriber-11 wrote the most Medicare-reimbursed OxyContin prescriptions in the United States from about 2010 through 2018; and that from about March 2011 through about 2018 it paid Prescriber-12 at least $120,000 as kickbacks.", "qualification": "Allegations in Count Two of the Information. DOJ described the admitted kickback conduct as payments to two doctors through the speaker program between June 2009 and March 2017; the agreed statement is not retained.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-practice-fusion", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. paid kickbacks to Practice Fusion, Inc., an electronic health records (EHR) provider, in exchange for Practice Fusion using its software to influence physicians' prescribing of extended-release opioids, including OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla. It describes Practice Fusion as a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Francisco that provided a cloud-based EHR product to healthcare providers generally without charge and earned revenue by selling 'sponsorships' of clinical decision support (CDS) alerts to pharmaceutical companies. According to the Information, the two companies executed a written contract for a 'Pain CDS' in about March 2016, Purdue Pharma L.P. paid Practice Fusion approximately $959,700 from about March through November 2016, and Practice Fusion maintained the alert on its platform from about July 2016 until about April 2019, during which it triggered in more than 230,000,000 patient visits.", "qualification": "Allegations in Count Three of the Information, which charged Purdue Pharma L.P. with conspiring with Practice Fusion and others; Practice Fusion was not a defendant in this case. DOJ described the admitted payments to Practice Fusion as running from approximately April through December 2016.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-info-practice-fusion-model", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The Information quotes Practice Fusion's own model, built after a 31 March 2015 presentation to Purdue Pharma L.P., estimating that funding a Pain CDS would give the company a 'patient gain' of 2,777 users of its extended-release opioids and between $8,458,232 and $11,277,645 in additional opioid revenue, a return on investment of 5.8 to 7.8 times its cost; an email excerpt reproduced in the Information, discussing the program's value to Purdue, records that 'they enjoy an 83% share in the branded ERO space', the speaker not being legible in the retained copy.", "qualification": "Practice Fusion's internal estimates and correspondence as quoted by the prosecution in the Information; they are not independent market data.", "response": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty to the three counts; in its press release of 21 October 2020 announcing the resolution, its board chairman Steve Miller stated that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts.' No separate response to this particular allegation was found in the reviewed record.", "outcome": "On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced Purdue Pharma L.P. to a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "practice-fusion", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-sackler-settlement", "kind": "fact", "text": "In a separate civil settlement agreement announced by DOJ on 21 October 2020, Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler (the 'Named Sacklers'), described as beneficiaries of trusts that indirectly own Purdue Pharma L.P., agreed to pay or cause to be paid to the United States $225,000,000 plus interest at 0.75% from 5 November 2020, payable after the Bankruptcy Court confirmed that the payment was not prohibited. The counterparty was the United States acting through the Department of Justice and on behalf of HHS-OIG, the Defense Health Agency (TRICARE), the Office of Personnel Management and the Indian Health Service. The agreement states that it 'is neither an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers nor a concession by the United States that the claims of the United States are not well founded', the Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations, and any criminal liability is expressly reserved and not released.", "qualification": "Personal civil settlement of five named family members (one through his estate), separate from Purdue Pharma L.P.'s plea and civil settlement; it contains no admission of liability.", "response": "", "outcome": "The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 records the $225 million civil settlement as already paid directly to the DOJ, outside the plan.", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-sackler-allegations", "kind": "attributed", "text": "The United States alleged that from 2013 to 2018 the Named Sacklers knowingly caused false or fraudulent claims for OxyContin to be submitted to federal healthcare programs. According to DOJ's announcement, the settlement resolves allegations that in 2012 the Named Sacklers knew the legitimate market for Purdue's opioids had contracted, nevertheless asked Purdue executives to recapture lost sales and increase Purdue's share of the opioid market, and then approved a marketing program beginning in 2013 called 'Evolve to Excellence', through which sales representatives intensified marketing of OxyContin to extreme, high-volume prescribers; and allegations that from approximately 2008 to 2018, at the Named Sacklers' request, Purdue transferred assets into Sackler family holding companies and trusts that were made to hinder future creditors or were otherwise voidable as fraudulent transfers.", "qualification": "Allegations of the United States resolved by a civil settlement without admission; DOJ stated that there has been no determination of liability in the civil matters.", "response": "The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations regarding the covered conduct, and the agreement states that it is not an admission of liability. The District Court recorded that the Sacklers vehemently deny any suggestion that any of the transfers would qualify as fraudulent conveyances.", "outcome": "The claims were resolved by the Named Sacklers' agreement to pay $225 million plus interest without admission of liability; the debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 records the $225 million as already paid directly to the DOJ outside the plan. Justice Kavanaugh's dissent of 27 June 2024 states that the U.S. Government has not brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually.", "source_ids": [ "src-045", "src-004", "src-003", "src-015", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-sackler-settlement-scope", "kind": "fact", "text": "Conditioned on full payment, the Named Sacklers' agreement releases the Named Sacklers, family members, family trusts and their trustees and protectors, the Purdue parent entities and the independent associated companies listed in its addenda from specified civil and administrative monetary claims of the United States based on the covered conduct. It does not release any claims the debtors' estates can bring, including fraudulent transfer claims against the debtors' current or former owners, shareholders or board members; OIG-HHS reserved its authority to seek exclusion from federal health care programs. DOJ stated that the resolution did not resolve claims that states may have against Purdue or members of the Sackler family, nor impede the debtors' ability to recover any fraudulent transfers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plea20-no-family-charges", "kind": "fact", "text": "The federal criminal case named only Purdue Pharma L.P. as defendant, and no member of the Sackler family was criminally charged in it. In Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P. (decided 27 June 2024), Justice Kavanaugh's dissent stated that 'the U. S. Government has not brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually' and that no State had done so either; DOJ's October 2020 announcement had stated that the resolutions did not include the criminal release of any individuals, including members of the Sackler family.", "qualification": "The dissent speaks as of June 2024 and in the context of the opioid litigation and Purdue's bankruptcy.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040", "src-041", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-petition", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 15 September 2019 Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York at White Plains, New York; Purdue Pharma L.P.'s case is In re Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 19-23649, under which the cases of Purdue Pharma L.P. and 23 affiliated debtors are jointly administered. The debtors' notice of suggestion of bankruptcy and the United States' proof of claim give 15 September 2019 as the filing date for all debtors, while the court-appointed claims agent's case website gives 15 and 16 September 2019. The cases were before Judge Robert D. Drain until they were reassigned to Judge Sean H. Lane as of 1 July 2022. The court's case record published on GovInfo lists the case under the Bankruptcy Court's White Plains office in the Second Circuit.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The Bankruptcy Court confirmed the debtors' Eighteenth Amended plan on 18 November 2025, and the plan became effective and was substantially consummated on 1 May 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-020", "src-038", "src-115" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-single-entity", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the proof of claim of the United States (Department of Justice) in case 19-23649, the United States stated that Purdue had represented to the Bankruptcy Court in the Debtors' Informational Brief that it ran all debtors as a single entity, and that the court had set 30 July 2020 as the deadline for governmental entities to file proofs of claim against any of the debtors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-sacklers-not-debtors", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recorded in its December 2021 decision that only certain U.S.-based Purdue entities (the debtors) filed for bankruptcy on 15 September 2019; members of the Sackler family and Sackler entities such as Rosebay and Beacon did not file, although they had been named as defendants in opioid-related lawsuits. The Second Circuit likewise recorded that Purdue and its related entities declared bankruptcy and the Sacklers did not.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-injunction", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 18 September 2019, three days after filing, Purdue moved in the Bankruptcy Court for an injunction halting all actions against the debtors and against their current and former owners (including trusts and their trustees and beneficiaries), officers, directors, employees and associated entities. According to the District Court this meant enjoining over 2,900 actions against Purdue and at least 400 civil suits against the Sacklers; the Second Circuit puts it at almost 3,000 actions against Purdue and over 400 against the Sacklers, and notes that claims against the debtors and the Sacklers were then estimated at more than $40 trillion. The sources describe the first order differently: the District Court records that after an evidentiary hearing the Bankruptcy Court on 11 October 2019 temporarily halted the litigation until 6 November 2019, when it granted the motion enjoining all plaintiffs from continuing or commencing judicial, administrative or investigative actions against Purdue or the non-debtor related parties, including members of the Sackler family; the Second Circuit states that the bankruptcy court enjoined all litigation on 11 October 2019; and the debtors' Canadian factum states that the Preliminary Injunction with respect to the Related Parties was granted on that date. The state actions, which were not subject to the automatic stay, were covered by the injunction. The District Court affirmed the preliminary injunction in 2020 (In re Purdue Pharms. L.P., 619 B.R. 38 (S.D.N.Y. 2020)), and by December 2021 its expiration date had been extended 18 times while the parties negotiated the plan.", "qualification": "The injunction protected non-debtors, including Sackler family members and Sackler entities, from suit; it is a procedural stay, not a release or a finding on the merits of the enjoined claims.", "response": "The non-consenting states filed a coordinated opposition on 4 October 2019 to the debtors' motion to enjoin their law-enforcement actions against the Sacklers, arguing, as summarised in a 2021 student case study, that the proposed settlement contained no acknowledgement of wrongdoing by the Sackler family, required no public disclosure of evidence and did not enjoin future misconduct. According to the District Court's 2024 decision, the Ad Hoc Group of Non-Consenting States, including Maryland, then elected to consent voluntarily to abide by the injunction order.", "outcome": "Extensions continued after the Supreme Court's 2024 decision; the District Court affirmed the 2024 extensions on 26 November 2024 on the State of Maryland's appeal.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-047", "src-078", "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-canada-recognition", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P., acting as foreign representative of itself and the 23 other Chapter 11 debtors, obtained recognition of the U.S. cases in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Court File No. CV-19-627656-00CL). According to the foreign representative's factum of September 2021, the recognition proceedings were commenced on 19 September 2019, and on 30 December 2019 the Ontario court granted a Related Party Stay Order recognising the U.S. preliminary injunction and extending the stay to the Related Parties, including the Canadian Associated Entities; as a result the Canadian Actions, the New Quebec Class Action and the Sackler Estate Action have been stayed against the Chapter 11 debtors and the Related Parties, including Sackler family members, since 30 December 2019. The factum, based on an affidavit of Jon Lowne sworn on 9 September 2021, supported a motion to recognise the U.S. order confirming the Twelfth Amended plan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "jon-lowne" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-ucc", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 27 September 2019 the U.S. Trustee appointed nine creditors to the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (UCC), which the District Court describes as an independent fiduciary representing the interests of all unsecured creditors in the Purdue bankruptcy. The institutional appointees were the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association; CVS Caremark Part D Services L.L.C. and CaremarkPCS Health, L.L.C.; LTS Lohmann Therapy Systems, Corp.; the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation; and West Boca Medical Center; the other appointees were individual creditors. The committee also had ex officio, non-voting representatives: Cameron County, Texas, on behalf of the MSGE; the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, on behalf of certain tribal creditors; and Thornton Township High School District 205, on behalf of certain public school districts.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "ucc-purdue", "purdue-pharma-lp", "msge" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-creditor-groups", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court, other creditor groups formed between September and November 2019, including the Ad Hoc Committee of Governmental and Other Contingent Litigation Claimants (AHC), formed in September 2019 and comprising ten states, six counties, cities, parishes or municipalities, one federally recognised tribe and the court-appointed co-lead counsel for the Plaintiffs' Executive Committee in the opioid MDL; the PI Ad Hoc Group of 60,761 personal-injury claimants; the Multi-State Governmental Entities Group (MSGE) of 1,317 entities across 38 states and territories; and the Ad Hoc Group of Non-Consenting States (NCSG) of 25 states and the District of Columbia counted together that had not reached a pre-petition agreement with Purdue or the Sacklers on the general contours of a plan (all three formed in October 2019); groups of NAS children, ratepayers and hospitals also formed.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "ahc", "msge", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-bar-date", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 3 January 2020 Purdue moved to set deadlines for proofs of claim; on 3 February 2020 the Bankruptcy Court set 30 June 2020 as the bar date for prepetition claims and on 3 June 2020 extended it to 30 July 2020. According to the District Court, over 614,000 claimants filed during the five months the window was open, including the federal government, states and political subdivisions, Native American tribes, hospitals, third-party payors, ratepayers, public schools, NAS monitoring claimants and more than 130,000 personal-injury victims; just 10% of the claims filed would give rise to over $140 trillion in aggregate liability, and 628,389 claims had been filed as of 21 October 2021. The Second Circuit recorded that claims against the debtors and the Sacklers were estimated at more than $40 trillion and, as the appellees conceded, that the valuation of the claims far exceeded the total funds available as well as the Sacklers' personal wealth.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-mediation", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 20 February 2020 the debtors asked the Bankruptcy Court to appoint mediators and to require the debtors and creditor committees to mediate the allocation of the estates' value between public and private claimants; on 2 March 2020 the court appointed retired judge Layn Phillips and Kenneth Feinberg as co-mediators. Phase one (formal sessions from 6 March to 11 September 2020) allocated value between non-federal public claimants and private claimants: the non-federal public claimants agreed to dedicate all value they received to opioid abatement, and each private-claimant term sheet was conditioned on a plan including participation by the Sackler families. On 30 September 2020 the court ordered a second phase to address potential claims of the debtors and other claimants against the Sackler family members (the 'Shareholder Claims'), with the debtors, the UCC, the 'Consenting Ad Hoc Committee', the NCSG, the MSGE and Sackler representatives as mediating parties. Court-ordered mediation formally ended on 31 January 2021 without a resolution agreed by all constituencies, but negotiations on the Sackler contribution continued.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "ucc-purdue", "msge" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-special-committee", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Special Committee of the debtors' board of directors investigated the claims the debtors might have against the Sackler Parties. According to the Bankruptcy Court's bench ruling of 20 November 2025, it was formed in May 2019, held exclusive authority over all transactions between Purdue and the Sackler Parties and over the prosecution, defence and settlement of the debtors' causes of action against their shareholders, the Sackler Parties and their affiliates, and consisted of four restructuring and pharmaceutical professionals with no prior connection to the Sackler Parties; to protect its independence, the shareholders of Purdue Pharma Inc. granted its general counsel an irrevocable proxy over certain shareholder rights, including appointing and removing the chairman and the directors who sit on the committee. Its investigation began in spring 2019 and lasted 22 months, and a court-appointed independent examiner selected by the DOJ found that it had acted independently. John S. Dubel, appointed to the board in July 2019, chaired the committee.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "john-dubel", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-ucc-stipulation", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Bankruptcy Court's bench ruling of 20 November 2025 describes a stipulation among the debtors, the UCC and certain related parties (ECF No. 291, the 'UCC Stipulation') under which the debtors and the Sackler Parties provided diligence materials to the UCC and others; in it certain Sackler Parties agreed not to take any action with respect to their property with the intent or material effect of frustrating any judgment that might be obtained against them, and the Sackler Parties committed to provide material information and presentations on the value, location and format of their assets.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-voluntary-injunction", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Bankruptcy Court's bench ruling of 20 November 2025, early in the cases the court, at the debtors' request, entered a voluntary injunction banning the debtors' promotion of opioids and later broadened it to include limits on lobbying for opioid-enhancing legislation, an agreement to abide by the Food and Drug Administration's decision on high-dose opioids, self-monitoring obligations and oversight by an independent monitor; the injunction also prohibited certain of the Sackler Parties from actively engaging in the opioid business in the United States. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s chief executive Craig Landau told the House Committee on Oversight and Reform in written testimony dated 17 December 2020 that in the previous year, as part of the bankruptcy, Purdue had entered into a broad voluntary injunction agreeing to continue refraining from promoting opioids with a sales force (a measure he said the company first implemented under his leadership in February 2018) and from lobbying for laws that might be construed as encouraging opioid prescribing for pain, subject to independent monitoring.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "craig-landau" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-ucc-standing", "kind": "fact", "text": "After its own investigation of potential claims against the Sackler Parties, including intentional and constructive fraudulent transfer and breach of fiduciary duty, the UCC, with the consent of the debtors and the AHC, moved for sole standing to commence and prosecute the causes of action of the debtors' estates; the Bankruptcy Court granted the request in November 2024, as recorded in its bench ruling of 20 November 2025.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "ucc-purdue", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ahc", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-framework", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the debtors' 2021 factum in the Canadian recognition proceeding, before the petition date and after more than a year of negotiations the debtors, their shareholders and key stakeholders reached an agreement in principle on a framework for a global resolution of the opioid litigation, with three core pillars: 100% of the assets or equity of Purdue to be contributed to efforts to abate the opioid crisis; a sale process for the shareholders' ex-U.S. pharmaceutical businesses; and a multi-billion-dollar payment over time to the debtors' estates. The Bankruptcy Court's bench ruling of 20 November 2025 describes this 'Initial Settlement Framework' as requiring Purdue's shareholders to relinquish their equity, sell their non-U.S. pharmaceutical businesses and make a multi-billion-dollar payment, and as the starting point for further negotiations with the Sackler Parties.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-landau-framework", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In written testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform dated 17 December 2020, Craig Landau, president and chief executive of Purdue Pharma L.P., stated that in September 2019 Purdue announced an agreement in principle on a framework for settling the U.S. opioid litigation and the nearly 2,800 pending lawsuits and filed for Chapter 11 the same day; that twenty-four state attorneys general, officials of all five U.S. territories and commonwealths and the Plaintiffs' Executive Committee in the federal multidistrict litigation supported it; that it would dedicate all of Purdue's assets and resources to abating the opioid crisis and was estimated to provide more than $10 billion of value; and that it required the Sackler family to give up one hundred percent of their holdings in Purdue, sell their international pharmaceutical businesses and pay at least $3 billion in cash for distribution to Purdue's creditors.", "qualification": "Statement of Purdue's chief executive to a congressional committee; the value estimate is the company's own, and the framework's terms were renegotiated in the mediation.", "response": "Eight states and the District of Columbia, certain Canadian municipalities and tribes, the City of Seattle and some 2,683 individual personal-injury claimants voted against the plan that grew out of the framework; according to the debtors' factum there were 64 objections, supplemental objections or joinders, and according to the Bankruptcy Court's 2025 bench ruling the main challenge was to the legality of the plan's nonconsensual releases of claims against non-debtors.", "outcome": "According to the Bankruptcy Court's 2025 bench ruling, mediation raised the Sackler Parties' aggregate contribution from $3 billion under the Initial Settlement Framework to $4.275 billion; it was later raised to $4.325 billion and, in 2022, to $5.5 to $6 billion.", "source_ids": [ "src-100", "src-003", "src-047", "src-101", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-release-condition", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recorded testimony at the confirmation hearing by John S. Dubel, chairman of the board's Special Committee, that the pre-petition settlement framework discussions among Purdue, the Sackler family and Sackler entities involved using the bankruptcy process to release all claims against the Sacklers in exchange for their funding, and that the Sacklers made clear that if they were to contribute the framework amount ('somewhere around $3 billion or so') they would seek broad third-party releases and releases of all estate claims as a prerequisite or condition. The court concluded that Purdue's bankruptcy 'was thus a critical part of a strategy to secure for the Sacklers a release from any liability for past and even future opioid-related litigation without having to pursue personal bankruptcy'.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The District Court's December 2021 decision was reversed by the Second Circuit on 30 May 2023 on the release question; the Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit on 27 June 2024.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-dubel", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-prefiling-position", "kind": "attributed", "text": "At the time of the filing Purdue represented, as quoted by the District Court, that while it had 'no funded debt and no material past due trade obligations' or any 'judgment creditors', 'the onslaught of lawsuits has proved unmanageable'. According to the debtors' 2021 Canadian factum, before the Chapter 11 cases certain debtors, including Purdue Pharma L.P., faced over 2,600 civil actions in U.S. state and federal courts and thirteen actions in Canada relating to the sale, distribution and marketing of OxyContin and other opioid pain medications.", "qualification": "Purdue's own description of its financial position at filing, as quoted by the District Court, which added that by 2018 at the latest Purdue was in a precarious financial position in the face of the lawsuits.", "response": "The District Court, relying on testimony that the Sacklers made broad releases a condition of their contribution, concluded that Purdue's bankruptcy 'was thus a critical part of a strategy to secure for the Sacklers a release from any liability for past and even future opioid-related litigation without having to pursue personal bankruptcy'.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-sackler-agreement", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the District Court, mediation produced a complex settlement framework that would direct the debtors' assets and $4.275 billion from the Sackler families toward abating the opioid crisis and restoring victims. After eight more offers and counteroffers between the end of January and 18 February 2021, the Sackler families and entities, the debtors, the AHC, the 'Consenting Ad Hoc Committee' and the MSGE reached an agreement in principle on a guaranteed amount the Sackler families would be required to contribute to the debtors' estate: $4.275 billion over nine years (or ten years if certain amounts were paid ahead of schedule in the first six years), the principal consideration being the 'Shareholder Release' to be included in the plan. The Second Circuit records that twenty-five non-consenting states, among others, rejected the agreement. The plan and the Disclosure Statement containing the Sackler Settlement Agreement Term Sheet were filed on 15 March 2021.", "qualification": "The contribution is an obligation of the Sackler families and their entities, separate from the debtors' own assets.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ahc", "msge" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-chapman-mediation", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 7 May 2021 the Bankruptcy Court asked Bankruptcy Judge Shelley C. Chapman to preside over a mediation between the NCSG and the Sackler families on the settlement terms; between 7 May and 29 June 2021 she held 145 telephone meetings and several in-person sessions. The resulting modified shareholder settlement was agreed in principle by fifteen of the twenty-five non-consenting states (Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Wisconsin), which also agreed to support or not object to the plan. It added $50 million of payments by the Sackler families and accelerated another $50 million of previously agreed payments, for total payments of $4.325 billion; materially expanded the public document repository; and restricted Sackler family members' naming rights for charitable contributions (according to the debtors' factum, until they have paid all obligations under the Shareholder Settlement and exited all opioid businesses worldwide). The factum adds that the improved settlement imposes certain requirements on the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Fund for the Arts and Sciences. The Shareholder Release was unchanged. Purdue filed the mediator's report on 7 July 2021.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-plan-path", "kind": "fact", "text": "The debtors filed their initial plan and disclosure statement on 15 March 2021 according to the District Court and the debtors' Canadian factum (16 March 2021 according to the court-appointed claims agent's case website). After a hearing on 26 May 2021, the Bankruptcy Court on 3 June 2021 approved the Disclosure Statement and authorised solicitation of votes on the Fifth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan. The confirmation hearing began on 9 August 2021 according to the District Court (a six-day event in which 41 witnesses testified, followed by oral argument) and on 12 August 2021 according to the claims agent's website and the debtors' factum (which describes three weeks, 41 witnesses, more than 2,800 exhibits and 64 objections, supplemental objections or joinders). On 1 September 2021 Judge Drain ruled orally that he would confirm the plan if certain changes were made, the most relevant narrowing the Section 10.7(b) shareholder release to claims for which a debtor's conduct or the claims against it are a legal cause or a legally relevant factor. According to the District Court Purdue filed the final version of the plan (Bankr. Dkt. No. 3726) the next day, after twelve amendments in all; the District Court's 2024 decision dates the Twelfth Amended Plan to 9 September 2021. On 17 September 2021 Judge Drain issued his written decision and the court entered the order (Docket No. 3787) confirming the Twelfth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The District Court vacated the confirmation order on 16 December 2021; the Second Circuit reversed that decision on 30 May 2023 and affirmed confirmation including the modification of 10 March 2022; the Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit on 27 June 2024. The debtors then negotiated a new plan: the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Eighteenth Amended plan on 18 November 2025 and it became effective on 1 May 2026. The claims agent's website summarises the appeals as the 2021 order having been reversed.", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-003", "src-047", "src-078", "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-voting", "kind": "fact", "text": "Votes on the 2021 plan were solicited by the debtors' solicitation agent with a voting record date of 10 March 2021 and a deadline of 16 July 2021. According to the debtors' factum, more than 120,000 timely ballots were received, more than 95% of them in favour, with support within the voting classes ranging from 88.26% to 100% by number and 93.54% to 100% by value. The District Court recorded Judge Drain's findings that some 120,000 votes were cast and over 95% favoured the plan in aggregate, including over 79% of states and territories, over 96% of other governmental entities and tribes and over 96% of personal-injury claimants; eight states and the District of Columbia, certain Canadian municipalities and indigenous tribes, the City of Seattle and some 2,683 individual personal-injury claimants voted against. The Second Circuit noted that over 95% of the personal-injury classes voted to accept. The Supreme Court's majority opinion added that, although most of those who returned ballots supported the plan, fewer than 20% of eligible creditors participated.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-044", "src-003", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-plan-terms", "kind": "fact", "text": "As summarised by the District Court and the debtors' factum, under the 2021 plan the debtors would turn over substantially all their assets for the benefit of claimants and opioid abatement. The majority of Purdue's value would be distributed among nine creditor trusts, most of them abatement trusts, including the National Opioid Abatement Trust for qualified governmental entities, while the PI Trust and the PI Futures Trust would pay qualifying personal-injury claimants, and an additional $700 to $750 million would go to a trust for personal-injury claimants. Purdue Pharma would cease to exist: its operating assets would pass to a new company ('NewCo', to be named KNOA) operating as a public benefit company, governed by five or seven disinterested and independent managers initially selected by the AHC and the MSGE in consultation with the debtors and the UCC, subject to a DOJ right of observation, an Operating Injunction (among other things barring promotion of opioid products), governance covenants and a monitor, with its managers to use reasonable best efforts to sell NewCo's assets by 21 December 2024. The debtors were also to create a public document repository of more than 13,000,000 documents (more than 100,000,000 pages).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-pharma", "ahc", "msge", "ucc-purdue" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-shareholder-settlement", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court described the plan's Sackler settlements as two settlements with the 'Shareholder Released Parties' (members of the Sackler family and related trusts, businesses and independent associated companies, over 1,000 individuals and entities in all). The first disposed of claims the debtors could assert against them: breach of fiduciary duty against the family members who were involved in, indeed drove, the business decisions underlying Purdue's criminal and civil liability, and fraudulent conveyance arising from what the court described as the family's removal of nearly $11 billion from the debtor corporations over a decade. The second disposed of certain third-party claims particularized to others, chiefly state claims under unfair trade practices and consumer protection laws that make responsible officers, directors and managers personally liable. In exchange the Shareholder Released Parties agreed to contribute $4.325 billion and to dedicate two charities worth at least $175 million to abatement, to forgo naming-rights demands for charitable contributions, to refrain from business with NewCo, to dispose of their interests in the non-U.S. Purdue entities within seven years, to 'snap back' provisions securing collectability of the payments and to an extensive document repository. The Second Circuit added that these concessions, including governance requirements, abatement trusts, the public document archive and the Sacklers' divestment from the opioid business worldwide, contributed to the plan's equity.", "qualification": "The District Court's description of the estate and third-party claims settled under the earlier plan; the claims were settled, not adjudicated, and that plan never took effect after the Supreme Court's decision on the releases.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-iac-sale", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the debtors' factum, the Shareholder Settlement required the Sackler Parties to use their best efforts to sell their international pharmaceutical companies, the independent associated companies (which are ultimately owned by the same entities that own the debtors but are not subsidiaries of the debtors), within seven years of the plan implementation date; Purdue Canada was to be sold by the later of seven years from that date or two years after final resolution of the proposed class action brought on 29 August 2018 by the Province of British Columbia on behalf of Canadian federal, provincial and territorial governments against opioid manufacturers and distributors including 'Purdue Pharma' (the BC Recoupment Action).", "qualification": "The sale obligation falls on the Sackler Parties as owners of the independent associated companies, not on the debtors.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-canada" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-canadian-carveout", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the debtors' factum, the debtors reached agreement with the Canadian Governments, including on the scope of the Shareholder Parties Release, in the Canadian Governmental Claimants Stipulation, which the Bankruptcy Court approved on 9 August 2021. The amended plan filed on 12 August 2021 provided that claims against any non-debtor (including Purdue Canada or any other Shareholder Released Party) that arise out of or relate to the conduct of Canadian entities affiliated or associated with the debtors, including Purdue Canada, and are not based on any conduct of the debtors are 'Excluded Claims', unaffected by the plan's releases and injunctions and expressly preserved. The Canadian Governments and other Canadian plaintiffs did not object to confirmation; the objecting Canadian municipalities and First Nations and certain co-defendants did.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-canada", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-purdue-canada", "kind": "fact", "text": "Purdue Pharma (Canada) ('Purdue Canada') is an independent associated company (IAC), not a debtor in the Chapter 11 case; according to the debtors' factum the IACs are ultimately owned by the same entities that own the debtors but are not subsidiaries of the debtors; as defined in the Shareholder Settlement Agreement it comprises Bard Pharmaceuticals Inc., Elvium Life Sciences GP Inc., Elvium Life Sciences Limited Partnership, Elvium ULC, Purdue Frederick Inc. (Canada), Purdue Pharma (Canada), Purdue Pharma Inc. (Canada) and Purdue Pharma ULC. According to the District Court, before Purdue's Chapter 11 filing the lead plaintiffs in ten Canadian class actions settled their claims for $20 million, which Purdue Canada placed in trust pending approval by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, the Superior Court of Quebec, the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia and the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench; that settlement did not cover the Canadian municipalities and indigenous tribes that later appealed, whose suits concern sales of OxyContin in Canada by Purdue Canada, which they assert was controlled by Sackler family members. The Second Circuit noted that Purdue Canada reached a separate settlement of $150 million, citing a British Columbia government news release of 29 June 2022.", "qualification": "Purdue Canada is a separate company from Purdue Pharma L.P.; its settlements are not obligations of the debtors. Control by Sackler family members is the Canadian appellants' assertion.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-canada", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-nine-settlement", "kind": "fact", "text": "While the appeal to the Second Circuit was pending, eight states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington) and the District of Columbia ('the Nine'), which had appealed confirmation, together with the debtors and the Sacklers (the Mortimer-side Initial Covered Sackler Persons and the Raymond Sackler Family), filed a new settlement agreement providing for an additional $1.175 to $1.675 billion in Sackler contributions, for an aggregate contribution of $5.5 to $6.0 billion. By order of 10 March 2022 (ECF No. 4503) the Bankruptcy Court approved the Settlement Term Sheet and granted the motion to confirm the revised plan, noting that confirmation would require orders of the Second Circuit or the District Court; the Nine agreed to withdraw their opposition to the plan, including the Shareholder Releases.", "qualification": "The additional contribution is an obligation of the Sackler family sides, not of the debtors.", "response": "", "outcome": "The Second Circuit affirmed the plan including the 10 March 2022 modification on 30 May 2023; the Supreme Court reversed on 27 June 2024.", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "mortimer-side-sackler-persons", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "state-of-maryland" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-related-proceedings", "kind": "fact", "text": "The court-appointed claims agent's case website lists, alongside the main case 19-23649, related proceedings including Purdue Pharma L.P., et al. v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, et al. (19-08289), the adversary proceeding in which the preliminary injunction protecting the Related Parties was issued; Purdue Pharma L.P., et al. v. AIG Specialty Insurance Company, et al. (21-07005), brought by Purdue Pharma L.P. and other debtors; Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al. (22-07029); two proceedings brought by individual claimants against Purdue (20-07027) and against Purdue and the United States (21-07088); proceedings by Alma, Georgia et al. (22-07044) and Bayonne, New Jersey et al. (22-07045) against McKinsey & Company, Inc. et al.; and a series of further proceedings brought by individuals under 25- docket numbers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-bridges-class", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A 2021 student case study of the bankruptcy reports that on 10 December 2020 counsel filed a class action within the bankruptcy against the debtors on behalf of two individual opioid-affected claimants and others similarly situated (Adversary Case 20-07027), seeking to require the debtors to establish a directed trust funding subsidised counselling and medication-assisted treatment for opioid-addicted claimants, and alleging that the proposed settlement between the debtors and the United States, then conditionally approved, would be inadequate because it relied on medication-assisted treatment to the exclusion of therapeutic counselling. According to the study, the complaint was later amended to add plaintiffs and to name Walmart, Inc. and McKinsey & Co. as defendants for their alleged contribution, with the debtor, to the marketing and distribution of opioids.", "qualification": "These are the plaintiffs' allegations as summarised in a student case study, whose citation dates the complaint 11 December 2020; the retained records do not show a ruling on them.", "response": "The study reports that as of 6 April 2021 a second stipulation and agreed order had extended the defendants' deadline to answer or otherwise respond to the amended complaint, with a pre-trial conference set for 16 June 2021; no answer by the defendants was found in the retained records.", "outcome": "The claims agent's case website also lists a later proceeding by two of the same claimants against Purdue and the United States (21-07088); no ruling or resolution of either proceeding was found in the retained records.", "source_ids": [ "src-059", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "c-ch11-case-participants", "kind": "fact", "text": "The court's case record for 19-23649 published on GovInfo (United States Courts Opinions collection; version cited with the date 8 October 2026) lists Purdue Pharma L.P. as debtor and, among other participants, The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Purdue Pharma L.P., et al. as creditor committee; David M. Klauder as examiner; Province, FTI Consulting, AlixPartners and Nardello & Co. as financial advisors; and, as interested parties, Noramco Coventry LLC, The Raymond Sackler Family, Kathe Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Frank S. Vellucci, Daniel S. Connolly and Rory Held as successor co-trustees of the Crystal Trust and the Data Trust, The Plan Administration Trust, Coventry Technologies L.P., and companies including One Stamford Realty L.P., One Stamford Land Inc. and Nappwood Land Corporation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-115" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "alixpartners", "noramco-coventry", "raymond-sackler-family", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "plan-administration-trust", "coventry-technologies" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dc-holding", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 16 December 2021 the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Judge Colleen McMahon; In re Purdue Pharma, L.P., Case 7:21-cv-07585-CM, Document 148, reported at 635 B.R. 26) held that the Bankruptcy Code does not authorize non-consensual releases of third-party claims against non-debtors in connection with confirming a Chapter 11 plan, neither in its express text, nor in its silence, nor in any provision conferring general or residual powers (sections 105(a) and 1123(a)(5) and (b)(6) included), and therefore vacated the Bankruptcy Court's Confirmation Order and the Advance Order that flowed from it. The court held that the Bankruptcy Court did have 'related to' subject-matter jurisdiction over the claims against the non-debtor Sackler family members, because they might have a conceivable effect on the estate; it upheld the plan's separate classification of the Canadian appellants; and, having found no statutory authority for the Section 10.7 Shareholder Release, it did not reach the constitutional questions.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The Second Circuit reversed this decision on 30 May 2023; the Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit on 27 June 2024, holding, as the District Court had, that the Bankruptcy Code does not authorize such nonconsensual releases.", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dc-parties", "kind": "fact", "text": "In September 2021 notices of appeal from Judge Drain's Confirmation Order were filed by the U.S. Trustee, William K. Harrington; eight states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington); the District of Columbia; certain Canadian municipalities and First Nation groups (the City of Grande Prairie as representative of a class of all Canadian municipalities, the Cities of Brantford, Grand Prairie, Lethbridge and Wetaskiwin, the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation and the Lac La Ronge Indian Band); and five individuals without counsel. The U.S. Trustee also appealed the Advance Order and the Disclosure Order. The appellees were the Purdue debtors, the UCC, the AHC, the Ad Hoc Group of Individual Victims of Purdue Pharma, L.P. (PI Ad Hoc Group), the MSGE, the Mortimer-side Initial Covered Sackler Persons ('Side A') and the Raymond Sackler Family ('Side B'); the UCC, the AHC, the MSGE and the PI Ad Hoc Group did not appeal.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "state-of-maryland", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "ahc", "msge", "mortimer-side-sackler-persons", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dc-objection", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court recorded that all appellants opposed the plan for the same reason: it provided broad releases, not only of derivative but of particularized or direct claims, including claims predicated on fraud, misrepresentation and willful misconduct under state consumer protection statutes, to members of the Sackler family, none of whom is a debtor, and to their affiliates and related entities. It wrote that, as the opioid crisis continued after the 2007 plea agreement (entered by a Purdue affiliate, as the Supreme Court notes), the Sacklers, or at least the family members actively involved in the day-to-day management of Purdue, were well aware that they were exposed to personal liability over OxyContin.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dc-release-scope", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court described the Section 10.7 Shareholder Release as extending to every Sackler presently alive, to their unborn progeny and to the trusts, partnerships, corporations and enterprises with which they are affiliated or that were formed for their benefit; Exhibit X to the Settlement Agreement identifies over 1,000 released parties by name or identifying feature. Derivative claims against the Sacklers were released separately under Section 10.6(b), which was not challenged as beyond the Bankruptcy Court's power; Section 10.7 released direct claims brought against them by third parties. The court noted that the release also reached family members who played no role in running the company, against whom it knew of no lawsuits; the only claims anyone could identify against them were as recipients of money taken out of Purdue and upstreamed to the family trusts, and those claims belong to the debtors and are not affected by Section 10.7.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dc-contributors", "kind": "fact", "text": "Among Judge Drain's findings recorded by the District Court was that, although not every Sackler would make a specific payment toward the settlement, the aggregate settlement payment hinged on each family member's being released. The District Court commented that it was actually not clear which members of the Sackler family were contributing to the settlement and in what amounts, the record containing some suggestion that the contributing trusts are for the benefit of all members of the family.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dc-indemnification", "kind": "fact", "text": "The District Court found that the Sacklers named in the State appellants' suits served as officers, directors or managers of Purdue and so have a reasonable legal basis to assert claims against Purdue for indemnification and contribution and a call on directors' and officers' insurance: Purdue's current and former directors and officers are covered by Limited Partnership Agreements, governed by Delaware law, under which Purdue shall indemnify them in proceedings brought by reason of that status. It described the question whether bad faith bars indemnification as 'hotly disputed' and found that litigating these rights would cost the estate money; on that basis it held the third-party claims within the Bankruptcy Court's 'related to' jurisdiction.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-collectability", "kind": "fact", "text": "In approving the settlement Judge Drain treated the difficulty of collecting judgments from the Sacklers as a significant concern, as recorded by the District Court and the Second Circuit. The Second Circuit records his finding that the Sacklers are worth approximately $11 billion but are a large family whose assets are 'widely scattered and primarily held' in spendthrift trusts, offshore and in the United States, that are largely unreachable via bankruptcy proceedings, and that certain family members are outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. The District Court records that the family members' assets are held principally in purportedly spendthrift trusts in the United States and offshore, many of them on the Bailiwick of Jersey, that many cannot readily be liquidated, and that there is a substantial question whether Jersey law, like U.S. law, allows trusts funded by fraudulent conveyances to be invaded; Judge Drain reached no final conclusion on these issues.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-decision", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 30 May 2023 the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (Circuit Judges Newman, Wesley and Lee; In re Purdue Pharma L.P., 69 F.4th 45) reversed the District Court's order holding that the Bankruptcy Code does not permit nonconsensual third-party releases of direct claims against non-debtors, affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's approval of the plan, including the modification made on 10 March 2022, remanded to the District Court, and affirmed the District Court's denial of the Canadian Creditors' cross-appeal on classification, noting among its reasons that the Canadian objectors have another source of recovery, Purdue Canada. It held that §1123(b)(6), together with §105(a), permits bankruptcy courts to impose third-party releases (§105(a) alone does not) and that the releases were not a discharge of the Sacklers' debts barred by §524(e). It agreed with the District Court that the Bankruptcy Court lacked constitutional authority to finally approve the releases, so that the Bankruptcy Court's decision was properly treated as proposed findings and conclusions for de novo review.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit's judgment on 27 June 2024 in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P.", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "purdue-canada" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-parties", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the Second Circuit the appellants supporting the plan were the debtors, the UCC, the AHC, the Ad Hoc Group of Individual Victims of Purdue Pharma, L.P., the MSGE, the Mortimer-side Initial Covered Sackler Persons and the Raymond Sackler Family. After the eight states and the District of Columbia withdrew their opposition, the appellees left defending the District Court's decision were only U.S. Trustee William K. Harrington, several Canadian municipalities and indigenous nations (also cross-appellants) and several individual personal-injury claimants without counsel.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "ahc", "msge", "mortimer-side-sackler-persons", "raymond-sackler-family", "william-harrington" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-bargain", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Second Circuit stated that, to settle the mass of civil claims, the parties, including Purdue and the Sacklers, agreed that in exchange for Purdue filing for bankruptcy the Sacklers would personally contribute billions of dollars to the bankruptcy if all civil claims against them were released; Purdue and its related entities filed and the Sacklers did not. The bankruptcy court limited the release to claims that directly affected the debtors' estate and for which Purdue's conduct was a legal cause or a legally relevant factor, and in exchange the Sacklers agreed to contribute a total of $5.5 to 6.0 billion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-released-claims", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Second Circuit, the potential claims released against the Sacklers include fraudulent transfer, constructive fraudulent transfer, deceptive marketing, public nuisance, unfair competition, fraudulent misrepresentation, violation of state consumer protection acts, civil conspiracy, negligence and unjust enrichment; some are direct claims and some derivative. Fraudulent transfer claims, for example, are typically derivative because the real injury is to the debtors' estate, while the more controversial issue was the plan's likely release of some direct claims against the Sacklers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-res", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Second Circuit held the releases essential to the reorganization for two reasons: they settled the valuation of the res, since otherwise the debtors would in all likelihood have to litigate indemnity and contribution claims brought by the Sacklers; and the res itself amounted to only approximately $1.8 billion, so that without the plan the government would recover its $2 billion first and deplete the res completely. It found the Sacklers' contribution substantial ('Five and a half billion dollars ... is a significant sum') and the creditor approval overwhelming.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-trustee", "kind": "attributed", "text": "Before the Second Circuit the U.S. Trustee argued that the plan was inequitable because it gave the debtors an improper quid pro quo, and that had the Sacklers declared bankruptcy they would have had to dedicate substantially all of their net worth, an estimated $11 billion, to the estate, well more than the approximately $5.5 to 6.0 billion they had agreed to fund.", "qualification": "The U.S. Trustee's argument as recorded by the Second Circuit; the $11 billion net-worth figure is an estimate.", "response": "The Second Circuit replied that its task was only to decide whether the bankruptcy court erred in finding the contribution substantial, and held that it did not.", "outcome": "The Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit on 27 June 2024 on the statutory question.", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-ca2-concurrence", "kind": "fact", "text": "Judge Wesley, concurring in the judgment in the Second Circuit, wrote that the Shareholder Release has no carve-out for claims based on fraud, which a debtor could not discharge; that it does not channel the enjoined claims to a settlement fund but values channelled personal-injury claims only by claims against the estate; that it binds objecting parties without an opt-out; and that it 'cloaks the Sacklers with blanket immunity'. He concurred only because In re Drexel Burnham Lambert Grp., Inc. (2d Cir. 1992) bound the panel, and wrote that the question would benefit from nationwide resolution by the Supreme Court.", "qualification": "A separate opinion concurring only in the judgment; it is not the holding of the Second Circuit.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-2004-indemnity", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Second Circuit recorded that at the end of 2004 Purdue's board of directors voted to indemnify, among others, Purdue's directors and officers against claims made in connection with their service to the company (the 'Sackler-Purdue Indemnity Agreement'). Purdue undertook to indemnify them against expenses, settlements, judgments, fines and penalties and to advance their defence costs; the protections had no immediate time limit, continued after service ended and bound successors and estates; and they did not extend to matters where a final court decision established that the indemnitee did not act in good faith. The court held that the Sacklers' coverage gave them a reasonable basis to seek indemnification from the debtors, and stressed that the agreements were entered into by the end of 2004, well before bankruptcy was contemplated.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-scotus-holding", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 27 June 2024 the Supreme Court of the United States, in Harrington, United States Trustee, Region 2 v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 23-124, reversed the Second Circuit's judgment (69 F.4th 45) and remanded. By five votes to four (Justice Gorsuch for the Court, joined by Justices Thomas, Alito, Barrett and Jackson) it held that the bankruptcy code does not authorize a release and injunction that, as part of a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization, effectively seeks to discharge claims against a nondebtor without the consent of affected claimants. The Court called its decision narrow: it did not call into question consensual third-party releases, did not decide what qualifies as a consensual release or pass on a plan providing for full satisfaction of claims against a nondebtor, and, because the plan had been stayed, did not address whether its reading would justify unwinding plans already effective and substantially consummated. Justice Kavanaugh, joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Sotomayor and Kagan, dissented. The petitioner was U.S. Trustee William K. Harrington; the respondents were Purdue Pharma L.P. and others.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "On remand the parties negotiated a new plan; on 18 November 2025 the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Eighteenth Amended plan, finding its third-party releases consensual and therefore compliant with Harrington, and the plan became effective on 1 May 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-040", "src-039", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-scotus-majority", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Supreme Court's majority reasoned that the catchall in §1123(b)(6), read in context, cannot give a bankruptcy court the 'radically different' power to discharge the debts of a nondebtor without the consent of affected claimants, and that the code generally reserves discharge for a debtor who places substantially all of its assets on the table. It wrote that the Sacklers had not agreed to place anything approaching their full assets on the table for opioid victims, yet sought an order extinguishing virtually all claims against them for fraud, willful injury and even wrongful death without the claimants' consent, seeking 'to pay less than the code ordinarily requires and receive more than it normally permits'. It noted that the additional $1.175 to $1.675 billion the Sacklers offered during the Second Circuit appeal, in exchange for withdrawal of the objections of eight states and the District of Columbia, still fell well short of the $11 billion they received from the company between 2008 and 2016 and would come in installments over many years.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-scotus-indemnity-dispute", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In a footnote the Supreme Court's majority recorded the parties' dispute over whether, without the release, the family could deplete the estate by asserting indemnification claims: the plan proponents and the dissent pointed to a 2004 agreement committing Purdue to cover certain liability and legal expenses the Sacklers incur, while the U.S. Trustee pointed to the plan proponents' concession that the agreement does not apply if a court determines the Sacklers did not act in good faith, and to bankruptcy courts' statutory tools to disallow or equitably subordinate indemnification claims. The Trustee also argued that the Sacklers' legal exposure might induce them to negotiate consensual releases on better terms, citing their increase of more than $1 billion during the appeal to secure the consent of the eight objecting states.", "qualification": "Arguments of the parties as recorded by the Court; the Court did not decide the indemnification question and called the policy debate one for which it was the wrong audience.", "response": "The plan proponents' position, as summarised by the Court, was that the Sacklers would not return any funds to Purdue's estate unless the bankruptcy court granted the nonconsensual release and injunction they sought, leaving victims without recovery. The District Court had recorded that in pre-filing discussions the Sacklers offered to contribute only if every family member could 'achieve global peace' from all civil litigation, and its 2024 decision describes the family's position until Harrington as requiring 'total peace'.", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040", "src-003", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dissent-plan", "kind": "fact", "text": "Justice Kavanaugh's dissent, a minority opinion joined by three other Justices, described the plan confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court as distributing an estimated $7 billion or more among nine trusts to compensate victims and creditors and fund opioid abatement, with $700 to $750 million set aside for individual tort victims and their families, each to receive between $3,500 and $48,000 depending on the category of claim and level of harm. It stated that the Sacklers' $5.5 to $6 billion payment would quadruple the estate available for distribution; that more than 95 percent of voting victims and creditors approved the plan and all 50 States had since signed on; and that, absent the releases and settlement payment, the Bankruptcy Court found the most likely result to be liquidation of a $1.8 billion estate in which the United States' $2 billion superpriority claim would take everything and victims would probably recover nothing.", "qualification": "Minority (dissenting) opinion; the Court's majority held the nonconsensual releases unauthorized.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dissent-indemnity", "kind": "fact", "text": "Justice Kavanaugh's dissent argued that under a 2004 indemnification agreement Purdue had agreed to pay liability and legal expenses that its officers and directors faced for Purdue-related decisions, including opioid-related ones, covering judgments against the Sacklers, so that opioid claims against the Sacklers could come out of the same pot of Purdue money as claims against Purdue. It recounted that the Bankruptcy Court and the Second Circuit found that the released non-debtors (the Sacklers) closely controlled and were indemnified by the company and that the claims against them rested on essentially the same facts and legal theories as those against Purdue; and it noted that some of the more substantial assets of Purdue's estate were fraudulent transfer claims worth $11 billion against the non-debtor Sacklers, which Purdue settled under the plan, thereby also extinguishing creditors' derivative fraudulent transfer claims without their consent.", "qualification": "Minority (dissenting) opinion; the majority recorded the U.S. Trustee's contrary position on indemnification (bad-faith exception, disallowance or subordination) and did not decide it.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-dissent-findings", "kind": "fact", "text": "Justice Kavanaugh's dissent recounted the Bankruptcy Court's findings after a six-day trial involving 41 witnesses: that the settlement provided the best chance for victims and creditors to recover any money from the Sacklers; that direct suits against the Sacklers faced numerous potential weaknesses and defences; that even successful suits raised 'significant concern' about collecting judgments because of the difficulty of reaching assets in foreign countries and in spendthrift trusts; and that the $5.5 to $6 billion settlement payment and the releases were fair, equitable and in the best interest of victims and creditors.", "qualification": "Minority (dissenting) opinion summarising the Bankruptcy Court's findings; the Supreme Court's majority held that the code does not authorize the nonconsensual releases regardless of those findings.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-maryland-appeal", "kind": "fact", "text": "On 26 November 2024 the District Court (Judge Colleen McMahon), in State of Maryland v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., No. 24-Civ-7042 (7:2024cv07042, Document 63), affirmed three orders of the Bankruptcy Court (Judge Sean H. Lane) extending the preliminary injunction issued in the adversary proceeding Purdue Pharma, L.P., et al. v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, et al. (Adv. Pro. No. 19-08289): the Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Amended Orders, dated 6 September, 27 September and 1 November 2024. The appellant was the State of Maryland; the appellees were the debtors and the UCC. Maryland, a member of the Ad Hoc Group of Non-Consenting States, had voluntarily consented to the original order and suspended an administrative proceeding it had begun in May 2019 against Purdue and certain Related Parties, but it no longer consented as of the 6 September 2024 order, which the court also calls the thirty-fifth extension; almost all other mediation parties, including the other 49 states and the UCC, opposed or did not support reversal.", "qualification": "", "response": "The debtors and the UCC, as appellees, argued that mediation had made continued and material progress and that lifting the injunction before a settlement would set off a chaotic rush to the courthouse and drain the estates through contribution and indemnification claims; Maryland answered that this harm was entirely speculative.", "outcome": "The decision noted that Maryland would appeal a further extension if granted; no such appeal was found in the retained records. According to the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement, the Bankruptcy Court extended the injunction, including the Voluntary Injunction, by orders of 23 December 2024 (to 24 February 2025), 27 January 2025 (to 29 April 2025) and 28 February 2025 (to 30 May 2025).", "source_ids": [ "src-078", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "state-of-maryland", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-maryland-holding", "kind": "fact", "text": "Judge McMahon held that the Supreme Court's decision in Harrington did not divest the Bankruptcy Court of the power under §105(a) and its 'related to' jurisdiction to temporarily enjoin litigation against non-debtor third parties: the Related Parties were not seeking a permanent release but a temporary stay while a plan with a consensual resolution was negotiated, and Harrington expressly excluded consensual arrangements. She found that litigation against the Sacklers touches the res of Purdue's estate because family members can assert broad indemnification and contribution claims against the company, while the company has billions of dollars in claims against the Sacklers, including for fraudulent conveyance, whose settlement would substantially inflate the estate. She found that the Bankruptcy Court did not abuse its discretion in applying the four preliminary-injunction factors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "state-of-maryland" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-related-parties", "kind": "fact", "text": "The preliminary injunction, as set out in the Bankruptcy Court's Second Amended Order of 6 November 2019 (Adv. Dkt. No. 105), enjoins governmental and private plaintiffs from continuing or commencing actions against the debtors and against non-debtor 'Related Parties', namely former or current owners, directors, officers and other entities associated with Purdue Pharma L.P.; as the District Court noted in November 2024, it extends to the Sackler family members who owned and controlled Purdue and to entities such as trusts of which they are owners or beneficiaries. The listed Related Parties are The Purdue Frederick Company Inc.; The P.F. Laboratories Inc.; Purdue Pharma Technologies Inc.; PLP Associates Holdings L.P. and PLP Associates Holdings Inc.; BR Holdings Associates L.P. and BR Holdings Associates Inc.; Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Rosebay Medical Company, Inc.; Beacon Company; PRA Holdings Inc.; Pharmaceutical Research Associates Inc.; Purdue Holdings LP; Rhodes Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Rhodes Technologies Inc.; Coventry Technologies L.P.; MNP Consulting Limited; Richard S. Sackler; Jonathan D. Sackler and his estate; Mortimer D.A. Sackler; Kathe A. Sackler; Ilene Sackler Lefcourt; Beverly Sackler and her estate; Theresa Sackler; David A. Sackler; Marianna Sackler; the estates of Mortimer Sackler and Raymond Sackler; trusts for members of the Raymond Sackler family, including trusts under agreements dated 5 November 1964 and 5 November 1974 with Beverly, Richard S. and Jonathan D. Sackler as trustees; Paulo Costa, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman, Judith Lewent, Craig Landau, Mark Timney, Stuart D. Baker, Frank Peter Boer, John Stewart and Russell Gasdia; and dozens of other individually named persons. The District Court affirmed the injunction and the first extension order on 11 August 2020 (619 B.R. 38).", "qualification": "Protection under the injunction is a stay of litigation, not a release or a finding about any Related Party.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "br-holdings-inc", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "beacon-company", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "coventry-technologies", "mnp-consulting", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "david-sackler", "marianna-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "craig-landau", "mark-timney", "stuart-baker", "peter-boer", "john-stewart", "russell-gasdia" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-2024-mediation", "kind": "fact", "text": "After the Supreme Court's decision the parties resumed negotiations before Bankruptcy Judge Sean Lane with two mediators, retired Judge Shelley Chapman and Professor Eric Green. On 12 November 2024 the mediators reported to the Bankruptcy Court (Bankr. Dkt. No. 6917) that agreements in principle had been reached among all but one of the Sackler family groups, the debtors, the UCC, the AHC, the MSGE Group and the State Attorneys General negotiating committee (then 15 members) on the total cash consideration to be provided by the settling Covered Parties, a payment schedule and certain non-monetary terms; the District Court took judicial notice of the report, which indicated that nearly all parties had reached an agreement in principle.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "ahc", "msge" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-maryland-sacklers", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In weighing the public interest Judge McMahon wrote that the Sacklers had not been involved with the debtors for nearly six years and that there was no meaningful prospect they would again be involved in selling opioids ('Indeed, that was their plan all along—take the money and run'); that the Voluntary Injunction, administered by the Bankruptcy Court, bars the Sacklers from 'actively engag[ing] in the opioid business in the United States' (Thirty-Ninth Amended Order of 1 November 2024); and that if mediation failed, the debtors and creditors would face costly, lengthy litigation with Related Parties 'who will assert jurisdictional defenses and who have secreted their assets abroad', a point on which she said she could not quarrel with the findings of Judge Lane and, before him, Judge Drain.", "qualification": "The judge's characterisations in the reasons of an interlocutory decision affirming injunction extensions; they are not liability findings against any family member, and no family member was a party to that appeal.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "state-of-maryland" ] }, { "id": "c-rel-maryland-warning", "kind": "fact", "text": "Judge McMahon observed that the cumulative effect of 'all thirty-nine (perhaps now forty) extensions' had been to stall all litigation against the Sacklers for over five years, that some opioid victims would never consent to release their claims, and that there must be an end to the mediation process: unless agreement came soon, the preliminary-injunction factors would cease to favour further postponing the ability of parties with every right to sue the Sacklers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-thirteenth-plan", "kind": "fact", "text": "On March 18, 2025 the Debtors filed the Thirteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Purdue Pharma L.P. and its Affiliated Debtors (D.I. 7638), and on March 19, 2025 the proposed Disclosure Statement for it; the Bankruptcy Court held a hearing on approval of the Disclosure Statement on June 18, 2025. The retained Disclosure Statement, submitted by counsel to the Debtors in Case No. 19-23649 (SHL) for the solicitation of votes, is dated July 1, 2025. Before confirmation the plan was modified through the Fourteenth to Eighteenth Amended Plans (D.I. 7911, 8168, 8199, 8230 and 8233).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-015", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-ds-structure", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Disclosure Statement's executive summary states that on or immediately after the plan's Effective Date Purdue Pharma L.P. will be dissolved and cease to exist, that the Debtors' businesses will be transferred to a newly created company, Knoa Pharma LLC (\"NewCo\"), wholly owned by an independent entity intended to be treated as an exempt organization under IRC section 501(c)(4) (the \"Foundation\"), and that no federal, state or local governmental entity will own the equity of NewCo or the Foundation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-shareholder-settlement", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the Disclosure Statement, under the Shareholder Settlements the Sackler Parties will be required to pay up to approximately $7 billion over fifteen years in settlement of both the Debtors' claims against them and the direct claims of creditors that elect to settle; the principal consideration they receive is the plan's release and injunction provisions. To comply with Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., 603 U.S. 204 (2024), which held that the Bankruptcy Code does not authorize non-consensual third-party releases, the Third-Party Releases bind only creditors who elect to grant them, and the plan does not release or compromise direct claims of creditors that do not. The Debtors stated that in aggregate as much as $8 billion in value could be available for creditors.", "qualification": "The amounts are the Debtors' description in a solicitation document; the 'up to' figures depend on how many creditors opt into the releases and on later contingencies. The payment obligation lies with the Sackler-side payment parties, not with Purdue Pharma L.P.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-funding", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Disclosure Statement identifies two main funding sources for the creditor trusts: (i) the Shareholder Payment Parties, who agreed to make up to $7.0 billion of cash payments over fifteen years (elsewhere described as paid in cash to the Master Disbursement Trust) and, on a contingent basis, up to $500 million of incremental cash from the sale of their independent associated companies (IACs); and (ii) the Debtors' estates, which the Debtors expected to have approximately $927 million of cash available for distribution on the Effective Date, bringing the total anticipated cash to approximately up to $7.4 billion. Of the Sackler Covered Parties' contribution, $1.5 billion is due on the Effective Date, $500 million on each of the first and second anniversaries, $400 million on the third anniversary and the remaining $3.6 billion in annual installments over the remaining payment years. The Sackler Covered Parties must use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the IACs within seven years, failing which the Master Disbursement Trust may seek a forced sale above an appraised amount. Elsewhere the Disclosure Statement sets the Required Settlement Amount at up to $6.5 billion over fifteen years, allocated $2,762.5 million to the A-Side and $3,737.5 million to the B-Side of the families.", "qualification": "The $927 million estate figure was a projection that depended on the Effective Date, the cost of the cases and restrictions on cash. The family-side payments are obligations of the Shareholder Payment Parties; the estate cash belongs to the Debtors. The instalments listed for the Sackler Covered Parties add up to $6.5 billion, the Required Settlement Amount; the document does not reconcile its $7.0 billion and $7.4 billion figures with that amount.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-initial-side-b-collateral", "kind": "fact", "text": "Describing the Initial Shareholder Settlement Agreement under the Debtors' prior plan, the Disclosure Statement states that Side B of the Sackler families was divided into only two obligor groups; information supplied by Side B as of September 30, 2020 and October 2019, using a methodology developed by the Sackler families, indicated that the combined net asset value of each Side B group's obligors averaged more than 2.0 times that group's potential settlement obligations, and the Side B groups pledged as collateral equity interests in holding companies indirectly owning investment assets valued at over $1 billion across both groups. The Debtors added that these net asset values covered only the proposed obligors, not all individuals, entities and trusts associated with the families.", "qualification": "Valuations supplied by the family side under its own methodology and reported by the Debtors; they are neither an independent appraisal nor a court finding, and they concern the earlier settlement, not the later one.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-avrio-pra", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Disclosure Statement also records that a condition precedent to the Initial Shareholder Settlement Agreement was an agreement between Avrio (the debtor Avrio Health L.P., later Purdue Products L.P.) and PRA, Purdue Pharma L.P.'s parent Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P., under which PRA's existing licenses to Avrio for Senokot-branded and Betadine-branded over-the-counter products would be terminated and all the intellectual property licensed under them would be assigned to Avrio.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-096" ], "entity_ids": [ "avrio-health", "pra-lp", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-confirmation", "kind": "fact", "text": "On November 18, 2025 the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (Bankruptcy Judge Sean H. Lane) entered its Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Order Confirming the Eighteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Its Affiliated Debtors (Doc 8263, Case No. 19-23649 (SHL)). The court found that the Debtors had proved by a preponderance of the evidence that all requirements of section 1129 of the Bankruptcy Code were satisfied and confirmed the plan in its entirety. In its Modified Bench Ruling (decided November 20, 2025, memorialising the ruling read into the record on November 18, 2025) the court described the plan as delivering some $6.5 to $7 billion in value from the Debtors' former shareholders, supported by more than 99% of voting creditors and by every major organized creditor constituency.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "The plan became effective on May 1, 2026; appeals from confirmation were taken to the District Court.", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-020", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-releases", "kind": "fact", "text": "In the Confirmation Order the Bankruptcy Court found that the non-Debtor releases in sections 10.6 and 10.7 of the plan (the Third-Party Releases) are consensual and therefore compliant with Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., 603 U.S. 204 (2024), and binding on the Releasing Parties, each of whom provided consent, without modifying or expanding their scope. It found that the consideration under the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, including payments totaling up to $7 billion in cash over fifteen years, is a substantial contribution to the estates that exceeds the value of the Debtors as a going concern and allows the Debtors to make the payments required under the DOJ Resolution and the plan settlements. The Modified Bench Ruling adds that only claimants that affirmatively opt in waive their direct claims against the Sackler Parties, and that a decision not to opt in does not prevent a claimant from voting for the plan or receiving a distribution.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-optin-mechanics", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Modified Bench Ruling explains that the Sackler Parties' payments are split between the Estate Claims Settlement and the Direct Claims Settlements: creditors that grant the Third-Party Releases share in both, while creditors that do not may receive only estate distributions but keep the right to litigate their direct claims against the Shareholder Released Parties. Because the increased contributions come without the global Third-Party Releases of the Twelfth Amended Plan, certain litigation costs incurred by the Sackler Parties on claims of creditors that do not participate in the Direct Claims Settlement reduce the Sackler Parties' settlement payment obligations. At the confirmation hearing the Debtors fixed March 1, 2026 as the deadline for creditors to opt into the Third-Party Releases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-no-criminal-release", "kind": "fact", "text": "Addressing objections that the bankruptcy shields Purdue and the Sacklers from criminal liability, the Bankruptcy Court stated in its Modified Bench Ruling confirming the plan that, as Judge Drain had explained in the earlier confirmation decision, the plan does not contain a release of criminal conduct of any kind for any party, and it noted that the Debtors had been the subject of a DOJ criminal investigation in which Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty to three felony offenses.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-settlement-rationale", "kind": "fact", "text": "In approving the settlements, the Bankruptcy Court noted that the Debtors believe the estates have meritorious claims against certain shareholders and that the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors had set out its view of those claims in a 203-page, 22-count draft complaint against the Sackler Parties and their related entities, but found that litigating them would take years, that success was not assured, and that the Sackler side's commitment to litigate and possible substantial obstacles to collecting any judgment had to be weighed. It also noted that without a settlement satisfying the DOJ Resolution the Debtors might be obligated to pay the entire $2 billion Forfeiture Judgment to the DOJ.", "qualification": "The draft complaint is the creditors' committee's view; the estate claims against the family side were settled, not adjudicated, and the Sackler Parties did not share the plan supporters' views of the transfers.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-family-witnesses", "kind": "attributed", "text": "As summarised in the Modified Bench Ruling, seven witnesses introduced by Side A or Side B of the Sackler family at the November 2025 confirmation trial testified that the Sacklers were contributing substantially all their assets to the Master Trust. A witness called by both sides estimated pre-petition assets of some $3.5526 billion for Side A and $5.0405 billion for Side B; an expert testified that the Side A trusts, principally located in the Bailiwick of Jersey, might be found by the Jersey Royal Court to be unreachable by creditors; and another testified that $4.559 billion in tax distributions made by the Debtors to the Sacklers were made for reasonable value.", "qualification": "Testimony offered for the family side as summarised by the court; it is not a finding on the value of the family's assets or on the validity of the transfers.", "response": "For the Debtors, a witness analysed 37 pre-petition transfers worth some $1.4 billion between the Debtors and the Sacklers and concluded that the Sacklers did not provide reasonable value; the court noted that the plan supporters' views of the transfers and defences were not shared by the Sackler Parties.", "outcome": "The court found that the Iridium factors weigh overwhelmingly in favour of approving the settlements, without deciding the disputed values.", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-knoa-assets", "kind": "fact", "text": "Under the confirmed plan, Knoa Pharma LLC (NewCo) receives substantially all the Debtors' non-cash assets and $135 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. The NewCo Transferred Assets vest in NewCo free and clear of all claims, interests, liens and liabilities, including claims based on successor liability for acts or omissions before the Effective Date, except that NewCo assumes the Assumed Liabilities, must distribute its NewCo Distributable Cash to the Governmental Remediation Trust, the Tribe Trust and the Foundation, and must cover any funding shortfall of the Wind-Up Reserve, subject to the consent of the NewCo Managers and the MDT Trustees. The Debtors were to commence a standard termination of the Purdue Pension Plan under 29 U.S.C. § 1341 before the Effective Date, with the remaining termination costs and liabilities assumed by NewCo.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-knoa-governance", "kind": "fact", "text": "The plan gives Knoa Pharma a board of five NewCo Managers, disinterested and independent, selected by the Settling States with the consent of the Ad Hoc Committee and in consultation with the Debtors and the Creditors' Committee, whose decisions on operations and investments are subject to oversight by the Foundation; the Knoa Operating Agreement prohibits the issuance of non-voting securities. The Foundation that owns Knoa has a board of three disinterested and independent Foundation Trustees, one (but no more than one) of whom may be a Creditor Trustee of the Master Disbursement Trust. Each year after the Effective Date NewCo pays 96.7% of the Governmental NewCo Distributable Cash to the Governmental Remediation Trust, 3.3% to the Tribe Trust and the Foundation Distributable Cash to the Foundation. The Confirmation Order's NewCo Operating Injunction and Governance Covenants bind NewCo and any successor owner of its opioid business.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-dissolution", "kind": "fact", "text": "The confirmed plan provides that on the Effective Date the boards of all Debtors are dissolved and their members deemed to have resigned, and that the Debtors other than the Transferred Debtors continue only as Liquidating Debtors to liquidate their assets and make plan distributions. All interests in Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI Interests) are deemed cancelled and, as of the PPLP Dissolution Date, all interests in Purdue Pharma L.P. (PPLP Interests, Class 16); in accordance with the Shareholder Settlement Agreements the holders of PPLP Interests relinquish them and receive no property under the plan. A PPLP Liquidator becomes sole director and sole officer of the Liquidating Debtors, succeeding to the powers of their general partners, directors and officers (for Purdue Pharma L.P., its general partner Purdue Pharma Inc.), winds them up and files certificates of cancellation or dissolution in their states of organization; the liquidator's fees are paid by the Plan Administration Trustee from the Wind-Up Reserve.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "plan-administration-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-effective", "kind": "fact", "text": "The plan became effective and was substantially consummated on May 1, 2026 (the Effective Date). That day the New York Attorney General announced that Purdue Pharma had shut down and ceased operations under the bankruptcy plan and that Knoa Pharma, LLC, a new public benefit corporation entirely owned by the newly established nonprofit Knoa Foundation and overseen by independent directors and trustees with no association with Purdue, began operating in its place; the announcement states that all members of the Sackler family are barred from selling opioids in the United States and will have no involvement in the new company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-nyag-payments", "kind": "fact", "text": "According to the New York Attorney General, the end of Purdue is part of a $7.4 billion settlement with members of the Sackler family secured by a bipartisan coalition of attorneys general and other parties: in the first payment Purdue pays approximately $900 million and the Sacklers $1.5 billion, after which the Sacklers pay $500 million in May 2027, $500 million in May 2028 and $400 million in May 2029, with funding delivered to communities over the next 15 years; the settlement ends the Sacklers' control of Purdue. The release, dated May 1, 2026, adds that on April 28 Purdue was sentenced in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey on criminal charges.", "qualification": "The approximately $900 million is the Debtors' estate cash; the $1.5 billion and later instalments are payments by the Sackler-side payment parties.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-delaware-ag", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Delaware Attorney General announced on May 1, 2026 that the $7.4 billion settlement reached with Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family had become legally effective and that fifty-five attorneys general had signed onto it. Her office stated that it replaced a prior multistate agreement, overturned by the United States Supreme Court in June 2024, that had included up to a $6 billion contribution from the Sacklers, an agreement the office credits in substantial part to the advocacy of the Attorney General and a handful of other states that had objected to the $4.5 billion Sackler contribution initially approved by the Bankruptcy Court; that the final settlement included a greater financial contribution from the Sacklers; and that it permanently bars the Sacklers from selling opioids in the United States. Delaware receives over $27 million as a lump sum.", "qualification": "The office's own figures: its $4.5 billion for the earlier Sackler contribution differs from the amounts recorded by the courts for the earlier plan, and its $7.4 billion total includes the debtors' estate cash as well as the Sackler-side payments.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-006" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-nine-trusts", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Modified Bench Ruling states that the majority of Purdue's value, including the proceeds of the Estate Claims Settlement, is transferred to nine trusts for public and private creditors: the Master Disbursement Trust, two public creditor trusts (the Governmental Remediation Trust and the Tribe Trust), the Public School Trust, four private creditor trusts (the PI Trust, Healthcare Provider Trust, TPP Trust and ERP Trust) and the Plan Administration Trust. Up to $7 billion contributed by the Sackler Parties goes to the creditor trusts, including approximately $865.8 million for qualified personal injury claimants, who are paid virtually immediately after the Effective Date, whereas governmental entities and other creditors are paid over the plan's 15 years, contingent in part on the prices the Sacklers obtain for their non-Purdue businesses.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "master-disbursement-trust", "plan-administration-trust", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-pat", "kind": "fact", "text": "After the Effective Date, hearing agendas in Case No. 19-23649 are filed on behalf of The Plan Administration Trust: the court-appointed claims agent's case website lists agendas filed by counsel for the trust for the omnibus hearings of September 10, 2026 and October 7, 2026. Under the plan, the Plan Administration Trustee pays the PPLP Liquidator's fees from the Wind-Up Reserve.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "plan-administration-trust", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-counsel-summary", "kind": "attributed", "text": "In a May 14, 2026 summary of its engagement, the Debtors' lead restructuring counsel stated that the plan delivers approximately $7.4 billion in cash to creditors, with up to an additional $500 million contingent on proceeds from the sale of the Sacklers' international pharmaceutical businesses; that the Sackler family, the company's former owners, is contributing up to $6.5 to $7 billion of the total, including a $1.5 billion payment made on the Effective Date; that individual victims will receive up to $865 million, of which approximately $815 million was funded to the personal injury trust on the Effective Date; and that substantially all operating assets were transferred to Knoa Pharma LLC, wholly owned by Knoa Foundation, an independent 501(c)(4). Counsel added that the Sackler family has no involvement in the management of Knoa Pharma and no financial interest in it, just as it has had no involvement in Purdue since the end of 2018.", "qualification": "Statement by counsel to the Debtors about its own engagement; the payments made on the Effective Date are not shown by a court record among the retained documents.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-066" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-payment-groups-a", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit A (\"Payment Groups and Payment Parties\") to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, in the version filed as Doc 8201 (filing stamp 11/07/25) and marked as a counsel's markup, lists only Sackler-side obligors; none of the Debtors appears in it. Side A is organised in eight payment groups of trusts and individual obligors: Theresa Sackler is the third-tier obligor of A-Side Payment Group 1 (second-tier obligors the Theresa E. Sackler 1988 Trust, Theresa E. Sackler 2008 Trust, Millennium Trust and Perelle Bay Trust) and the fourth-tier obligor of Groups 5 to 7; Kathe Sackler is third-tier obligor of Group 2 (Rosetta Trust); Ilene Sackler Lefcourt of Group 3 (trusts including the Ilene S. Lefcourt Trusts 88 and 96); Mortimer D.A. Sackler of Group 4 (trusts including the Mortimer DA Sackler Trust 1996); and Samantha Hunt of Group 8 (trusts including the Samantha Hunt 1996 Trust), with a drafting note that her counsel was to confirm. The exhibit also lists IAC Payment Parties, including Beacon Trust, Hercules Trust, Mundilab Trust and Medichem Trust on the A side. Under the confirmed plan, amounts paid under the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement are paid to the Master Disbursement Trust.", "qualification": "Draft exhibit filed before confirmation; the final Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement was filed later (ECF No. 9132) and its lists may differ. Membership of a payment group is a contractual settlement obligation, not a finding of liability.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-042", "src-039", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "mortimer-da-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "sackler-family", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-payment-groups-b", "kind": "fact", "text": "On the B side, the same draft Exhibit A lists two payment groups. B-Side Payment Group 1, of some forty-five entries, includes Dr. Richard S. Sackler, David A. Sackler, the Estate of Beverly Sackler, Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., the Raymond R. Sackler Trusts 1 and 1B, trusts for the benefit of Richard S. Sackler and of Beverly Sackler, and holding entities such as China Sea Company, Inc., Hudson River Partners and Meridian International, Ltd. B-Side Payment Group 2, of some thirty entries, includes the Estate of Jonathan D. Sackler, the Estate of Beverly Sackler, Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., the Raymond R. Sackler Trusts 2 and 2B, trusts for the benefit of Jonathan D. Sackler and entities such as Hudson Trust and Menlo Park Investors Inc. The payments are made to the Master Disbursement Trust.", "qualification": "Draft list filed before confirmation. In its October 8, 2026 ruling the Bankruptcy Court described Side B Payment Group 1 as one individual and more than fifty trusts and stated that Richard Sackler is not a party to it in his individual capacity, his own obligations being set out in Annex G; the final composition therefore differs from this draft.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-042", "src-039", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "rosebay-medical-inc", "sackler-family", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-group8", "kind": "fact", "text": "Section 5.2(d) of the confirmed plan describes the Shareholder Payment Parties as providing up to $6.5 billion in consideration over 15 years and provides that neither the settlement amount nor its allocation reflects any concession or agreement as to the strength, merits or collectability of the released claims or of any defences. A footnote provides that A-Side Payment Group 8's $345 million payment obligation is to be prepaid in the amount of $225,677,259.42, unless prepaid on the Effective Date in the amount of $218 million, the agreed present value; if the group elects to defer up to $35 million on the Effective Date, it pays the Master Disbursement Trust up to $17.5 million on each of the fifth and sixth payment dates plus 4.5% interest, and the other A-Side groups pay up to $35 million on the Effective Date with their later payments reciprocally reduced. In the draft Exhibit A, Samantha Hunt is the individual obligor of A-Side Payment Group 8.", "qualification": "The plan section's 'up to $6.5 billion' matches the Disclosure Statement's Required Settlement Amount; the Disclosure Statement and the Confirmation Order's findings also describe the family-side payments as up to $7 billion, and the retained records do not explain the difference.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-042", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "master-disbursement-trust", "samantha-sackler-hunt" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-naming", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Confirmation Order requires each Family Member and Payment Party, upon the Plan Effective Date, to allow any institution or organization in the United States that granted naming rights to it, its payment group or associated payment parties to remove the \"Sackler\" name from physical facilities and from academic, medical and cultural programs, scholarships and endowments, on forty-five days' confidential notice. It also bars each Family Member from seeking new \"Sackler\" naming rights for donations until the remaining payment obligations of its payment groups are reduced to zero and their IAC Payment Parties no longer hold IAC interests; charitable donations as such remain permitted.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-timney-stewart", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Confirmation Order approved and so-ordered the Stipulation in Connection with the Debtors' Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (D.I. 7948), entered into as of October 6, 2025 between the Debtors and two former officers of Purdue, Mark Timney and John H. Stewart, and acknowledged and agreed to by the Creditors' Committee, the Ad Hoc Committee of Governmental and Other Contingent Litigation Claimants and the Multi-State Governmental Entities Group.", "qualification": "The terms of the stipulation are not set out in the retained part of the order.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mark-timney", "john-stewart" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-baltimore", "kind": "fact", "text": "The Confirmation Order also approved the Baltimore Stipulation (D.I. 8134), entered into as of November 3, 2025 between the Debtors and the Mayor & City Council of Baltimore to resolve Baltimore's objection to the plan, and acknowledged and agreed to by the Creditors' Committee, the Ad Hoc Committee, The Raymond Sackler Family and Beacon Company; any objection to the allowance of Baltimore's proof of claim is held in abeyance during the stipulation's Standstill Period.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "baltimore-city", "raymond-sackler-family", "beacon-company" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-release-parties-a", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X (\"Certain Shareholder Released Parties\") to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, filed on the Effective Date as part of Doc 9132, names as A-Side release parties individual family members including Theresa E. Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe A. Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Samantha Hunt, together with their spouses, children and grandchildren and the assets, businesses and entities they own, and trusts, trustees and protectors including Beacon Trust, Beacon Trust Company Limited and Anthony M. Roncalli, whom the exhibit describes as a current or former director, manager or officer of a II-way entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s chain of ownership and of a trust company and as a trustee.", "qualification": "Shareholder releases of direct claims bind only creditors who opted into the Third-Party Releases; the estates' own claims are released under the plan. Being a release party is not a finding about any person's conduct.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "beacon-trust", "anthony-roncalli", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-iiway-entities", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X also lists as Shareholder Released Parties numerous \"II-way entities\", defined as entities directly or indirectly owned by persons or trusts associated with both the Raymond Sackler family and the Mortimer Sackler family, with equal interests for each family; they include The Purdue Frederick Company Inc., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., Purdue Pharmaceutical Products Inc., Rhodes Technologies Inc. and TXP Services Inc. These non-debtor corporations are distinct from the similarly named debtors Rhodes Technologies (a partnership) and Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P.", "qualification": "The classification is the settling parties' description in a settlement exhibit; it identifies family-owned non-debtor entities but does not itself establish ownership percentages.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "txp-services", "rhodes-technologies", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-service-providers", "kind": "fact", "text": "Exhibit X further lists as Shareholder Released Parties, solely in their capacity as service providers, Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, described as legal counsel to Shareholder Released Parties and to the Debtors, Debevoise & Plimpton LLP and other law, consulting, public-relations and litigation-support firms described as advisers to certain Shareholder Released Parties, and all professional advisors to Sackler Parties other than Excluded Parties.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "norton-rose-fulbright", "debevoise-plimpton", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-knoa-launch", "kind": "fact", "text": "In a release dated May 1, 2026, Knoa Pharma LLC of Stamford, Connecticut announced that it began operations that day, following the conclusion of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Chapter 11 proceedings on May 1, 2026, when Purdue permanently ceased operations. The company stated that it is 100% owned by the newly established not-for-profit Knoa Foundation, a 501(c)(4), and is overseen by two independent boards whose members have no prior association with Purdue: the Knoa Foundation Board of Trustees (Paul B. Rothman, chair, Rahul Gupta and David Saltzman) and the Knoa Pharma Board of Directors (Norbert Riedel, chair, Karen Griffin, Patricia Lang and Mike McHale).", "qualification": "Company statement; the Chapter 11 case itself continued after the effective date, with omnibus hearings and enforcement proceedings later in 2026.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-057" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "purdue-pharma-lp", "paul-b-rothman", "rahul-gupta", "david-saltzman", "norbert-riedel", "karen-griffin", "patricia-lang", "mike-mchale" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-knoa-ceo", "kind": "fact", "text": "Knoa Pharma stated on May 1, 2026 that Marc Kesselman, previously the company's Chief Legal Officer and EVP Strategy & Corporate Affairs, had been appointed President & Chief Executive Officer of Knoa Pharma on an interim basis while a search is conducted for a permanent CEO. Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc's proxy statement filed with the SEC states that Norbert G. Riedel, a Jazz director since May 2013, currently serves on the board of \"Knoa Pharmaceuticals LLC\", which it groups with other privately held companies.", "qualification": "The proxy's name 'Knoa Pharmaceuticals LLC' is read as Knoa Pharma LLC, whose board Riedel chairs according to the company's own release.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-057", "src-099" ], "entity_ids": [ "marc-kesselman", "knoa-pharma", "norbert-riedel" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-raymond-probate", "kind": "fact", "text": "On April 1, 2026 counsel for The Raymond Sackler Family filed in the bankruptcy case (Docket No. 8992) a notice of orders and decrees of the State of Connecticut Court of Probate (1) granting the motion of the executor of the Estate of Jonathan D. Sackler for approval of settlement agreements and related credit support and collateral agreements pursuant to section 10.01(c) of the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement and (2) accepting and approving the same executor's Declaration of Insolvent Estate.", "qualification": "Known from the docket entry on the court-appointed claims agent's website; the decrees themselves were not retrieved.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-096" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-appeal-records", "kind": "fact", "text": "Court records show that confirmation was appealed. Before the confirmation order was entered, a pro se objector filed a notice of appeal on November 15, 2025 and sought a stay, which the Bankruptcy Court denied in its Modified Bench Ruling because the request did not address the stay factors and delay would harm claimants after six long years. On December 24, 2025 District Judge Nelson S. Román of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, in a memorandum endorsement in In re Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 7:25-cv-09681 (NSR), noted that the various matters related to the case had not been consolidated and that the court had only set a briefing schedule, and declined the pro se appellant's procedural requests.", "qualification": "Procedural rulings only.", "response": "", "outcome": "No decision on the merits of any appeal appears in the retained records; the plan became effective on May 1, 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-111", "src-101", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-appeals-blog", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A restructuring-case blog summarising the docket reports that pro se and represented appellants filed notices of appeal beginning December 4, 2025 and moved for stays pending appeal; that on February 12, 2026 Judge Lane denied all stay motions in a bench ruling, allowing distributions and the Effective Date to proceed; and that the appeals remained pending before the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, some appellants arguing that the opt-in consent mechanism still does not satisfy Harrington.", "qualification": "Secondary summary; the February 12, 2026 ruling was not retrieved. Its start date for the appeals is later than the pro se notice of appeal of November 15, 2025 recorded in the Bankruptcy Court's ruling.", "response": "The court-appointed claims agent's case website lists hearings on the motions for stay pending appeal on February 4 and February 12, 2026, with agendas filed by counsel for Purdue Pharma L.P.; in November 2025 the Bankruptcy Court had already denied a pro se request to stay confirmation.", "outcome": "The plan became effective on May 1, 2026; no decision on the merits of any appeal appears in the retained records.", "source_ids": [ "src-088", "src-101", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-initial-distributions", "kind": "fact", "text": "The plan's definitions fix certain Effective Date payments from the Debtors' Effective Date Cash: the Initial NAS PI Distribution to the PI Trust equals $48,213,070 plus $65,848,195, less an SOR Holdback of $1,809,265 and other deductions, and the Initial Public Schools Distribution to benefit the Public School Trust is stated \"in the amount of $25,560,000 million\", less retained direct-claim settlement amounts and an SOR Holdback of $60,000.", "qualification": "The public-schools figure is reproduced as printed; the word 'million' after a figure already written in dollars appears to be a drafting slip, and the amount actually paid is not in the retained records. These are estate funds of the Debtors, not family contributions.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-press-2026", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A May 2026 press report states that the bankruptcy plan requires the Sackler family owners to pay $6.5 billion to victims and to fund local government efforts against opioid addiction, and that no member of the Sackler family was charged with a crime related to the company's actions. It describes David Sackler as the son of former Purdue chief executive Richard Sackler and a member of the company's board before its bankruptcy who testified before Congress.", "qualification": "Press summary; its $6.5 billion family figure matches the Disclosure Statement's Required Settlement Amount; the Disclosure Statement and the Confirmation Order elsewhere give up to $7 billion, and the retained records do not explain the difference.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-081", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "david-sackler", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-plan25-press-2025", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A June 2025 press report on the settlement stated that members of the Sackler family were understood to contribute $6.5 billion of their personal fortunes and Purdue Pharma around $900 million, with payouts to be completed within 15 years but expected mostly within three years. It reported that the $7.4 billion settlement had received approval from 55 attorneys general, that the family would relinquish control of the company and cease selling opioids in the United States, and that members of the family would not be required to declare bankruptcy.", "qualification": "Press account before confirmation; the family contribution is owed by family members, trusts and entities, while the approximately $900 million comes from the Debtors' estates. Its $6.5 billion matches the Disclosure Statement's Required Settlement Amount.", "response": "The report states that the Sackler family has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing.", "outcome": "The Bankruptcy Court confirmed the plan on November 18, 2025, and the plan became effective on May 1, 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-094", "src-015", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-wyoming-litigation", "kind": "fact", "text": "In its ruling of October 8, 2026 the Bankruptcy Court recounted as undisputed that in early 2025, while settlement negotiations continued after the remand, Richard Sackler filed litigation under seal in Wyoming state court (the \"Wyoming Litigation\") challenging the authority of the Side B Trustees to act on behalf of all Side B family members and alleging that they were improperly \"stripping\" his powers over certain family trusts; the court observed that this litigation threatened the very heart of the settlement discussions. The parties resolved it in a stipulation dated August 1, 2025 providing for dismissal of the Wyoming Litigation without prejudice, a 14-month litigation standstill following the plan's Effective Date, covenants by Richard Sackler and Lin Gao (the \"RSS Parties\") not to interfere with implementation of the bankruptcy cases or any settlement, and irrevocable ratification of the Side B Trustees' actions; the Master Disbursement Trust was named a third-party beneficiary.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-confirmation-undertakings", "kind": "fact", "text": "Paragraph 33 of the Confirmation Order entered on November 18, 2025 (\"Shareholder Settlement Document Undertakings\") keeps in full force the rights and obligations of Richard S. Sackler and Lin Gao (together the \"RSS Parties\") under the Settlement Stipulation Dismissing Proceedings Without Prejudice (D.I. 7713, Exhibit A), including their agreement not to interfere, directly or indirectly, with the ability of the Trustees, the Shareholder Payment Parties or B-Side Payment Group 1 to perform under the plan and the Shareholder Settlement Agreements; not to take or omit any action that impairs any party's ability to meet its obligations or undermines the enforceability of the plan or those agreements, including by exercising a power of appointment over trust property of a Shareholder Payment Party; and not to assist others in doing so. The order directs the RSS Parties and the other members of Side B Payment Group 1 to comply, requires all Sackler parties to execute the settlement documents by a set date, and reserves to the Bankruptcy Court exclusive jurisdiction to resolve any failure of performance \"by Richard Sackler or any other party\" and to impose sanctions including contempt findings and monetary sanctions. At the confirmation hearing on November 14, 2025 counsel for Richard Sackler and counsel for Lin Gao each confirmed on the record that their client agreed to these provisions.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-annex-g-pledge", "kind": "fact", "text": "Annex G to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement (filed on the Effective Date as part of Doc 9132) is the credit support annex for B-Side Payment Group 1, which it defines as the Richard Sackler family Payment Group. Its \"Individual Pledgor\" is Richard S. Sackler, together with any custodians, his estate and any trust acquiring his assets at his death, but not his heirs or beneficiaries, and its \"Personal Limited Liability Company\" is ABSG LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. As the Bankruptcy Court summarised Annex G, Richard Sackler's personal obligations under the MSA are distinct from those of the Side B Payment Group 1 parties, and he pledged 100% of the equity in a single limited liability company, 100% of the pledged shares of Sackler-controlled non-debtor foreign companies he owns, the related bank accounts and the proceeds of these assets. Unlike Side B Payment Group 1, he negotiated a so-called \"naked pledge\": the MDT must first exercise remedies against the other collateral of the group, and he keeps \"unfettered control\" over his personal assets in the meantime. Section 2.01 of Annex G lists as collateral, among other assets, 100% of the equity interests owned by Richard S. Sackler in the Personal Limited Liability Company he formed; the MDT is the secured party.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-097", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "absg-llc", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-annex-g-conditions", "kind": "fact", "text": "Section 5.01 of Annex G made the Settlement Effective Date subject to additional conditions, waivable by the MDT with the consent of the Ad Hoc Committee and the Creditors' Committee: a certificate that substantially all of Richard S. Sackler's assets had been transferred to and were held by ABSG LLC, other than assets that cannot lawfully or contractually be transferred, other assets worth no more than $5,000,000 in aggregate and his IAC account and IAC pledged shares; delivery by Richard S. Sackler and Lin Gao of an executed Further Assurances Undertaking, including an agreement to comply with the Stipulation; an irrevocable delegation by Richard S. Sackler to Cedar Cliff Inc. of all authority over payments of the group's obligations by the Trust U/A 11/5/74 FBO Beverly Sackler; and the transfer to ABSG LLC of all funds he had previously placed in trust for the benefit of Lin Gao or another family member, approximately $4 million held in two named trusts.", "qualification": "Whether and when each condition was satisfied or waived is not shown in the retained records.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-097" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "absg-llc", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-annex-g-related-parties", "kind": "fact", "text": "Annex G defines the \"RSS Parties\" as Richard S. Sackler as Individual Pledgor, ABSG LLC, Richard S. Sackler in his capacity as an IAC Payment Party and any person under his exclusive control, and defines \"RSS Related Party\" to include Lin Gao, certain family members and persons they control. After an Enforcement Event, or during a breach trigger for a Specified Breach by the payment group or by him, any distribution, payment or other transfer of ABSG LLC's assets to Richard S. Sackler or to an RSS Related Party is a Restricted Payment.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-097" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "absg-llc" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-interference-actions", "kind": "fact", "text": "The October 8, 2026 ruling records that mere days after the May 1, 2026 Effective Date the RSS Parties filed four pleadings, which the Side B Trustees call the \"Interference Actions\", challenging the Side B Trustees' actions and seeking relief as to property pledged under Annex E: (1) a \"Motion for Remedy for Breach\" in the Wyoming Litigation asking the Wyoming court to terminate the Stipulation and reverse the order dismissing that litigation (the Rule 60 Motion); (2) an affidavit recorded in local land records giving notice of the dismissed Wyoming Litigation and seeking to quiet title in their favour to a real property held by a pledged Side B trust; (3) a petition in Wyoming state court against Data LLC, trustee of four pledged trusts, seeking an accounting and an order directing income distributions that the petition says are owed to Richard Sackler for August 1, 2019 through April 30, 2026; and (4) a lis pendens recorded on the same property giving notice of a new civil action against ARIT Investment Holdings LLC, a Shareholder Payment Party and Trust Pledgor. Under Annex E all trusts of Side B Payment Group 1 and their assets, including that property, are pledged to secure the group's payments, and every trust targeted by the four actions is a Trust Pledgor.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "data-llc", "arit-investment-holdings", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-side-b-motion", "kind": "fact", "text": "Frank S. Vellucci, Daniel S. Connolly and Rory Held, in their capacities as trustees of certain trusts in Side B Payment Group 1 (the \"Side B Trustees\"), moved in the Bankruptcy Court (ECF No. 9189) to enforce the Shareholder Settlement Document Undertakings of the Confirmation Order and to direct Richard Sackler and Lin Gao to comply with the Confirmation Order and the Stipulation, asking that the RSS Parties be ordered to withdraw or dismiss the four Interference Actions and any later violating filings and to reimburse the trustees' reasonable legal fees and expenses. They argued that the actions interfere with the Master Settlement Agreement (ECF No. 9132) between the Purdue Master Disbursement Trust and parties including the Debtors, the Sackler family, the RSS Parties and family-controlled trusts. The Master Disbursement Trust, incorporated in April 2026 to administer the distribution of settlement funds, joined the motion. The court heard it on June 29, 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "Richard Sackler and Lin Gao opposed the motion (ECF Nos. 9204 and 9359). They did not challenge the validity of the Confirmation Order, the MSA or the Stipulation or dispute that the actions were directed at assets pledged under Annex E, but contended that the actions were permitted by the MSA's reservation of rights preserving the trustees' fiduciary duties, characterised the Wyoming Litigation as an intra-family dispute over trust control, fiduciary misconduct, beneficiary rights and the validity of trust decantings, and sought production of documents.", "outcome": "Granted in full by the Bankruptcy Court: bench ruling read into the record on August 21, 2026, order entered as ECF No. 9590, written Modified Bench Ruling issued on October 8, 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "master-disbursement-trust", "sackler-family" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-breach-ruling", "kind": "fact", "text": "In a Modified Bench Ruling dated October 8, 2026, memorialising a bench ruling read into the record on August 21, 2026 after which an order granting the motion was entered (ECF No. 9590), Bankruptcy Judge Sean H. Lane of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York granted the Side B Trustees' motion in full. The court held that the confirmed plan, the MSA and the Stipulation bind the RSS Parties and that each Interference Action violates them by interfering with the pledges securing Side B Payment Group 1's payments: the Rule 60 Motion seeks to revive the settled Wyoming Litigation despite the dismissal and the fourteen-month litigation standstill that runs through July 2027; the quiet-title affidavit and the lis pendens cloud title to a pledged trust asset; and the Data LLC petition seeks to have pledged trust funds distributed to Richard Sackler rather than used for the Side B payment obligations. It held that the MSA's general reservation of rights cannot override the specific terms of the MSA and the Stipulation, denied the RSS Parties' document request as moot, found it \"crystal clear\" that the RSS Parties had breached the clear unambiguous terms of the Confirmation Order, the MSA and the Stipulation, and ruled that it would award the Side B Trustees and the MDT their reasonable attorneys' fees and costs on application, citing its power under the Confirmation Order to impose sanctions including monetary sanctions. The court also referred to earlier problems with Richard Sackler's compliance, including his refusal to timely execute documents required for the plan to become effective, discussed at a hearing on February 25, 2026 (ECF No. 8862).", "qualification": "The retained records do not show the amount of fees awarded or whether the ruling was appealed.", "response": "The RSS Parties had argued that the actions were protected by the MSA's reservation of rights and concerned an intra-family trust dispute.", "outcome": "A hearing on Richard Sackler and Lin Gao's own motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and Settlement Stipulation was set for October 28, 2026; its outcome is not in the retained records.", "source_ids": [ "src-087", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust", "data-llc" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-signing-blog", "kind": "attributed", "text": "A restructuring-case blog summarising the docket reports that the court directed all Sackler Payment Parties to execute the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement and related documents by December 19, 2025, a deadline extended to February 10, 2026; that a supermajority of the Sackler Payment Parties signed but Richard S. Sackler did not; and that on February 24, 2026 the court entered an order to show cause requiring him to appear and explain his non-compliance, exposing him to potential contempt and monetary sanctions.", "qualification": "Secondary summary; the order to show cause was not retrieved. The Bankruptcy Court's ruling of October 8, 2026 confirms that his failure to comply with Confirmation Order obligations, including his refusal to timely execute documents required for the plan to become effective, was discussed at a hearing on February 25, 2026.", "response": "", "outcome": "The plan became effective on May 1, 2026.", "source_ids": [ "src-088", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-press-report", "kind": "attributed", "text": "An October 13, 2026 legal-press report states that a New York judge found that former Purdue Pharma chairman Richard Sackler and his wife Lin Gao violated the company's November 2025 plan confirmation order, the master settlement agreement governing the Sackler family's payment obligations and an August 2025 stipulation designed to prevent challenges to the trustees' authority, and that they were rebuked and ordered to unwind state court actions launched days after the plan became effective, which challenged family trustees and targeted pledged trust assets.", "qualification": "Press account of the Bankruptcy Court's ruling of October 8, 2026; it matches the ruling's text in the retained copy.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-080", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ], "adverse_subject_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "c-enf-rss-motion", "kind": "fact", "text": "Richard Sackler and Lin Gao, through counsel, filed their own Motion to Enforce the Confirmation Order and Settlement Stipulation; the court-appointed claims agent's case website lists a hearing on it before the Bankruptcy Court for October 28, 2026 at 2:00 p.m. (ET), set by their notice of hearing (Dkt. 9623). A case-tracking aggregator's docket listing shows an objection to their motion filed by an individual claimant on October 15, 2026 (ECF No. 9643) and an opposition to a motion of Richard Sackler and Lin Gao filed by another individual on October 16, 2026 (ECF No. 9645).", "qualification": "The content of the motion and the outcome of the hearing are not in the retained records, which end before the hearing date.", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-108", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3dbb00fb237ef3fdf297efc9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The dossier keeps corporate and family liability apart throughout: the 2007 felony plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company, with separate misdemeanour pleas by three of its executives, the 2020 plea by Purdue Pharma L.P. alone, the 2020 civil settlement by four family members and the estate of Jonathan Sackler without admission, and the 2025 settlement obligations by the Sackler-side payment parties. It traces the ownership chain from the trusts to the partnership, the family's board seats and officer roles, the distributions the courts and parties have described, the state lawsuits and the bankruptcy through the Supreme Court to the plan that took effect on 1 May 2026, with each allegation kept beside the response and outcome found in the record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-001", "src-110", "src-103", "src-039", "src-102", "src-016", "src-038", "src-096", "src-046", "src-026", "src-004", "src-003", "src-030", "src-028", "src-029", "src-105", "src-040", "src-106", "src-034", "src-052", "src-077", "src-045", "src-041", "src-068", "src-020", "src-115", "src-044", "src-101", "src-005", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "marc-kesselman", "stuart-baker", "jon-lowne", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "imbrium-therapeutics", "adlon-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-pharma-puerto-rico", "avrio-health", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "button-land", "rhodes-associates", "paul-land", "quidnick-land", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-lp", "svc-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "euro-celtique", "endo-pharmaceuticals", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "cecil-pickett", "david-sackler", "arthur-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mundipharma-ltd", "pra-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "plp-associates-lp", "br-holdings-lp", "mortimer-da-sackler", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "kathe-sackler", "mckinsey", "mckinsey-us", "martin-elling", "ahc", "msge", "purdue-canada", "william-harrington", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust", "data-llc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8ca86b1a6a05a67a4f95c11b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. was formed as a Delaware limited partnership on 12 June 1991, according to the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement, and was treated from then on as a pass-through entity whose taxable income was reportable by its owners. Its own Chapter 11 petition of 15 September 2019 gives its employer identification number as 06-1307484, its principal place of business as One Stamford Forum, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, Connecticut, and its industry code as NAICS 3254. Its general partner was Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI), a New York corporation whose secretary, Marc L. Kesselman, certified that PPI's board had approved the resolutions authorising the filing.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b2b497311967f43c1c75fb90", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two registry entries do not match the court filings. The partnership's Florida qualification papers of 2003, as read by optical character recognition from a poor-quality scan that has not been checked against the image, give a formation date of 14 June 1999, and its Florida registry record shows employer identification number 06-1307486, the number of its general partner. The petition filed by the partnership itself is the primary statement of its own number, and the debtors' own lists in the first-day papers, the 2025 Disclosure Statement and the Confirmation Order consistently give 7484 to the partnership and 7486 to the general partner, while the Disclosure Statement gives 12 June 1991 as the formation date; no available record explains the Florida entries. Florida lists both Purdue Pharma L.P. (document B03000000381) and Purdue Pharma Inc. (F03000005558) as registered there from 6 November 2003, with Purdue Pharma Inc. named as the only general partner and Stuart D. Baker signing the 2003 papers as its executive vice president. In records retrieved in October 2026 both are inactive, after a notice of cancellation by the partnership and a withdrawal by the corporation, each filed on 1 October 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-110", "src-015", "src-103", "src-039", "src-001", "src-102", "src-016" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "stuart-baker" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5e9e3a296d7e4a68a3493e7b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In bankruptcy Purdue Pharma L.P.'s case, No. 19-23649 in the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, was the lead case of 24 jointly administered debtors: Purdue Pharma Inc., partnerships and companies such as Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P., Imbrium Therapeutics L.P., Adlon Therapeutics L.P. and Avrio Health L.P., two British Virgin Islands entities, and Rhodes Associates L.P., Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. and Rhodes Technologies. Avrio Health L.P. later appears in the court's lists as Purdue Products L.P.; Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. remains a separate debtor there, although one passage of the 2025 Disclosure Statement calls it formerly Avrio Health L.P. A 2006 settlement agreement with the Endo companies, filed with the SEC, describes Purdue Pharma L.P. as successor in interest to The Purdue Pharma Company, a Delaware general partnership. An undated aggregator listing of Connecticut registry data adds an identifier for Purdue Pharma Inc. and an undated list of directors that has not been checked against the state record, although the 2020 federal settlement's tenure list and the Florida registry confirm several of the named directors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-016", "src-038", "src-096", "src-039", "src-015", "src-046", "src-026", "src-004", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "jon-lowne", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "imbrium-therapeutics", "adlon-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-pharma-puerto-rico", "avrio-health", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "button-land", "rhodes-associates", "paul-land", "quidnick-land", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-lp", "svc-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "euro-celtique", "endo-pharmaceuticals", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "cecil-pickett", "david-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-17dfb2ca06786445aebf8c4a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The business began as the Purdue Frederick Company, founded in 1892 by John Purdue Gray and George Frederick Bingham and sold in 1952 to the brothers Arthur, Mortimer and Raymond Sackler, as the District Court recounted in 2021. The same decision records that the Arthur Sackler family sold its interest to the other two branches before OxyContin was invented and has no involvement in the company or its bankruptcy. A general reference work adds that Arthur arranged the financing, that Mortimer and Raymond became co-chairmen and set up pharmaceutical companies in several other countries, and that Arthur's estate sold his one-third option to them after his death in 1987. No official record confirms these details: the court gives no date, price or option terms for the sale, and it records Mortimer and Raymond as co-chief executive officers without mentioning a co-chairmanship. The same reference work describes Raymond Sackler's wife Beverly and his sons Richard and Jonathan, whom the court records as members of Purdue's board, and calls Purdue privately owned by the two families. The official record is more specific: the District Court traced Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership through Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., owned by trusts for the families, and the debtors describe the separate independent associated companies as owned equally by the two sides.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-030", "src-028", "src-029" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "arthur-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "beverly-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mundipharma-ltd" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-949baa335f5fa81c5eb70e69", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Until 30 September 2004 The Purdue Pharma Company, a Delaware general partnership owned by The Purdue Frederick Company and Purdue Pharma L.P., was also used to conduct pharmaceutical business, and from about January 1996 it recorded OxyContin sales, according to an Internal Revenue Service agent's declaration attached to the 2007 plea agreement. After that partnership was terminated, OxyContin sales were recorded by Purdue Pharma L.P., and The Purdue Frederick Company became one of its owners; the declaration does not give the size or duration of that interest.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b079a3982cc1656b25977453", "kind": "analysis", "text": "At the 2019 petition date Purdue Pharma L.P. was wholly owned by Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (formerly Purdue Holdings L.P.). About 99.5% of that partnership was held, through PLP Associates Holdings L.P. and BR Holdings Associates L.P., in equal halves by Beacon Company, the partnership of the Mortimer D. Sackler family (Side A), and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., that of the Raymond Sackler family (Side B), both owned by trusts for the families. The District Court found that from about 1993 until 2018 at least six or seven family members sat on the board of Purdue Pharma Inc., which managed the partnership, and that independent directors never equalled or outnumbered them; the last family director left in January 2019. The ownership and board pages set out each link and term.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004", "src-003", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "pra-lp", "purdue-pharma-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "plp-associates-lp", "br-holdings-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-534fd1b7cb653f9bf3f4c3ae", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In their 2025 Disclosure Statement the debtors described two business segments: branded prescription medicines, opioid and non-opioid, carried on mainly by Purdue Pharma L.P. and its subsidiaries, and generic medicines developed and distributed by the Rhodes companies. The District Court stated that Purdue generated about $34 billion of revenue between 1996 and 2019, most of it from OxyContin, which accounted for some 91% of its U.S. revenue before the bankruptcy.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-003", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "rhodes-associates", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-61bdbdb2cab680eeb9d2757b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two federal criminal cases ended in guilty pleas by Purdue companies. In May 2007 The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. pleaded guilty in Abingdon, Virginia to one felony count of misbranding OxyContin with intent to defraud or mislead; Purdue Pharma L.P. was a party to the civil settlement and was included with Purdue Frederick as a paying party under the plea agreement, but did not plead guilty, while three of Purdue Frederick's executives pleaded guilty individually, as corporate officers, to a misdemeanour count of misbranding. In November 2020 Purdue Pharma L.P., the only defendant in the New Jersey case, pleaded guilty to a conspiracy to defraud the United States and violate the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and to two conspiracies to violate the federal Anti-Kickback Statute; on 28 April 2026 it was sentenced to a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, against which the Justice Department will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments through the bankruptcy, on condition that Purdue cease to operate in its current form and emerge as a public benefit company or similar entity.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-105", "src-106", "src-034", "src-052", "src-077", "src-015", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-dabb939403866b5681b3ab7e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "No member of the Sackler family was charged in the 2020 case. Richard, David, Mortimer D.A. and Kathe Sackler and the estate of Jonathan Sackler separately agreed in October 2020 to pay the United States $225 million plus interest to settle civil claims; the agreement states that it is not an admission of liability, they expressly denied the allegations and any criminal liability was reserved. As of June 2024, Justice Kavanaugh's dissent in the Supreme Court noted, no federal or state criminal charges had been brought against any of the Sacklers individually. The consulting firm McKinsey & Company, for its own part, agreed in December 2024 to pay $650 million to resolve a federal criminal and civil investigation of its work for Purdue; the Justice Department's announcement describes the details in the charging documents and civil resolution as allegations.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015", "src-045", "src-040", "src-041", "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "mckinsey", "mckinsey-us", "martin-elling" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ad87f61b783b175b236a9808", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The District Court stated in 2021 that about $10.4 billion was distributed from the company to the Sacklers between 2008 and 2017, some $4.6 billion of it to pay pass-through taxes, and that more than half went into offshore companies or spendthrift trusts. By mid-2019 the attorneys general of 49 states had filed new or amended suits against Purdue, all naming members of the family or family entities. None of the suits of the states that later appealed the 2021 confirmation had reached judgment, and the only earlier judgment the court notes, in North Dakota's suit, favoured Purdue. The state suits were not covered by the automatic stay, but the Bankruptcy Court preliminarily enjoined litigation against Purdue and the Sacklers, the District Court affirmed that order in 2020, and by 2021 no activity had taken place in the suits since shortly after the filing.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-026f67b5081e79c5920c1217", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliates filed for Chapter 11 on 15 September 2019; the family members and their entities did not. A first plan, built on a family contribution agreed at $4.275 billion over nine or ten years, was confirmed in 2021 with releases of the family from creditors' claims. The District Court vacated that confirmation in December 2021; the Second Circuit reversed in May 2023 and affirmed the plan as modified in March 2022; and on 27 June 2024 the Supreme Court held, five votes to four in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., that the Bankruptcy Code does not authorise releasing claims against non-debtors without the consent of the affected claimants.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-020", "src-038", "src-115", "src-003", "src-044", "src-040", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "ahc", "msge", "purdue-canada", "william-harrington" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2cf113e402fc7593c5cc937e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The renegotiated Eighteenth Amended plan was confirmed by Bankruptcy Judge Sean H. Lane on 18 November 2025 with the support of more than 99% of voting creditors. According to the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement, the Sackler-side payment parties, not Purdue, are to pay up to approximately $7 billion over fifteen years under the shareholder settlements, the amount depending in part on how many creditors opt into the releases, which bind only creditors who choose to grant them; in its bench ruling confirming the plan the court described it as delivering some $6.5 to $7 billion in value from the debtors' former shareholders. The 2025 plan page compares these figures with the other totals given for the settlement. The plan took effect on 1 May 2026. Under it Knoa Pharma LLC received substantially all the debtors' non-cash assets and $135 million in cash, and that day the New York Attorney General announced that Purdue had ceased operations, that Knoa Pharma, owned by the nonprofit Knoa Foundation, was operating in its place, and that all members of the Sackler family are barred from selling opioids in the United States.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-020", "src-101", "src-015", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-aed70e497f8e172d894ab5fa", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Enforcement of the settlement continued in the same court in 2026. On 8 October 2026 Judge Lane issued a written ruling memorialising his bench ruling of 21 August 2026, which granted in full a motion of the Side B trustees: Richard Sackler and Lin Gao had breached the Confirmation Order, the master settlement agreement and an earlier stipulation through filings the trustees called Interference Actions, and the court would award the Side B trustees and the Master Disbursement Trust their reasonable attorneys' fees and costs. Richard Sackler and Lin Gao had argued that the filings were permitted by a reservation of rights in the settlement agreement and concerned a dispute within the family's trusts. The available records show neither the amount awarded nor any appeal, nor the outcome of a hearing set for 28 October 2026 on their own motion to enforce the settlement.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust", "data-llc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-a35942a5a5754c2aa385f427", "kind": "analysis", "text": "At the 2019 petition date Purdue Pharma L.P. had a general partner that managed it and a single holder of its ownership interests. The general partner was Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI), a New York corporation whose board of directors managed the partnership, as the District Court recorded in its decision of 16 December 2021. In the board resolutions of 15 September 2019 that authorised the bankruptcy filings, PPI also recited that it was general partner or managing general partner of the other partnerships listed in a schedule, and that Purdue Pharma L.P. was a limited partner or partner of each of them except Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., Rhodes Technologies and UDF L.P. The debtors' consolidated ownership statement filed with the petitions records that Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (PRA), formerly Purdue Holdings L.P. and not itself a debtor, owned 100% of the ownership interests of Purdue Pharma L.P., and that to the debtors' knowledge no other person or entity owned 10% or more directly or indirectly.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-003", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-cca548d4164c661c0d39b092", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Above PRA the same statement records three further steps. PLP Associates Holdings L.P. directly owned approximately 99.5061% of PRA, without the holder of the rest being named; BR Holdings Associates L.P. owned all of PLP Associates Holdings L.P.; and Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. each owned 50% of BR Holdings Associates L.P. The District Court summarised this in 2021 as PRA being 99.5% owned, in equal parts, by Beacon, a Delaware general partnership, and Rosebay, a Delaware limited partnership, both owned by trusts established for the benefit of the Sackler families; it called Beacon the partnership of Side A, which it defined as the Mortimer D. Sackler family, and Rosebay that of Side B, the Raymond R. Sackler family.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "plp-associates-lp", "pra-lp", "br-holdings-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-47fce1b3b730a388b3f276ac", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Both partnerships end in trusts. According to the same statement, Heatheridge Trust Company Limited, as trustee under a Settlement dated 31 December 1993, owned 100% of Beacon Company; the United States' settlement of October 2020 with members of the family lists that trustee among the released \"Purdue Parent Entities\" and describes the Settlement as for the benefit of \"the issue of Mortimer D. Sackler M.D., Theresa E. Sackler and certain charitable objects\". Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler, as trustees under a Trust Agreement dated 5 November 1974, owned 98% of Rosebay Medical Company L.P. The related parties covered by the later bankruptcy injunction, as listed in the District Court's decision of 26 November 2024 on the injunction's extensions, include Beverly, Richard and Jonathan Sackler as trustees under that Trust Agreement, whereas the debtors' ownership statement names only Richard and Jonathan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "heatheridge-trust", "beacon-company", "theresa-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "rosebay-medical-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-028e511ea95463019b05118b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma Inc. had owners of its own. According to the debtors' 2019 statement, Banela Corporation owned 50% of PPI and Linarite Holdings LLC and Perthlite Holdings LLC 25% each, with no other holder of 10% or more. Millborne Trust Company Limited, as trustee of the Hercules Trust under a Declaration of Trust of 2 March 1999, owned all of Banela; the 2020 federal settlement describes that trust as for the benefit of Theresa E. Sackler, the issue of Mortimer D. Sackler and certain charitable objects. Data LLC owned all of Linarite and Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC all of Perthlite, each as trustee under a Trust Agreement dated 23 December 1989. The 2020 settlement lists Data LLC as trustee of the Raymond R. Sackler Trusts 1 and 1B of that date and Cornice as trustee of the Raymond R. Sackler Trusts 2 and 2B and of the AJ Irrevocable Trust, without saying which trust holds which company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "linarite", "perthlite", "purdue-pharma-inc", "millborne-trust", "theresa-sackler", "data-llc", "cornice-fiduciary" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f69143c03b795be4c9e0f6f2", "kind": "analysis", "text": "PPI also served as general partner within the debtor group. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 2025 says that before the 2019 petition date all general-partner relationships between debtor and non-debtor entities were ended: PPI was removed as general partner of certain non-debtor entities and replaced non-debtor general partners of Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. and Purdue Neuroscience Company, so that PPI effectively managed all of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s subsidiaries, and officers who also served the family's independent associated companies gave up one of the two posts. The non-debtor entities are not named, and the passage's description of Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. as formerly Avrio Health L.P. conflicts with the Disclosure Statement's own debtor list and the Confirmation Order, in which Avrio Health L.P. became Purdue Products L.P. Earlier, in October 2003, Stuart D. Baker signed Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Florida qualification papers for PPI as its executive vice president, counsel to the board and secretary; an undated aggregator listing also names him as an executive vice president of PPI.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-001", "src-026", "src-110" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience", "stuart-baker" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-9b034628d215a220d694828d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The courts and the debtors divide the owners into two sides. The District Court defined the Sackler family as the Mortimer D. Sackler family (Side A) and the Raymond R. Sackler family (Side B); in the Second Circuit the Mortimer side said that its covered persons include Theresa Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler and Mortimer D.A. Sackler, the trusts of which they are beneficiaries and their trustees, and Beacon Company, and the Raymond side described itself as the descendants of Raymond R. Sackler and their current and former spouses. Justice Kavanaugh's 2024 dissent, citing the Bankruptcy Court, called the Sacklers a large family divided into two sides with eight \"pods\" of members, whose assets are spread across trusts likely beyond the jurisdiction of United States courts. The debtors' Disclosure Statement adds that the family's independent associated companies are owned equally by the two sides, that B-Side wealth is concentrated in trusts and companies in the United States and A-Side wealth overwhelmingly in foreign jurisdictions, and that Richard, Jonathan and David Sackler were among the B-Side's historical members of the board of Purdue Pharma Inc., while Theresa, Kathe, Mortimer D.A. and Ilene Sackler and Samantha Hunt of the A-Side took part in Purdue's governance.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-sackler-family", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beacon-company", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "david-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4d7bc1a4bd5730ca503a3e2d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Exhibit X to the plan's shareholder settlement, the list of \"Certain Shareholder Released Parties\" filed on the bankruptcy docket as part of Doc 9132, sorts the family's entities by side. It defines a \"II-way entity\" as one owned, directly or indirectly, by persons or trusts associated with both the Raymond Sackler (RRS) and the Mortimer Sackler (MDS) families with equal interests, and an \"I-way entity\" as one owned by persons or trusts of only one of them. In Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain it classes BR Holdings Associates Inc. and L.P., PLP Associates Holdings Inc. and L.P. and PRA as II-way entities, and Moonstone Holdings LLC, Linarite Holdings LLC, Perthlite Holdings LLC, Roselite Holdings LLC and the two Rosebay entities as RRS Family I-way entities. It describes five Raymond Sackler family trusts as \"indirectly owning Purdue\": the Trust U/A 11/5/74 fbo Beverly Sackler and the Raymond R. Sackler Trusts 1, 1B, 2 and 2B of 23 December 1989.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "br-holdings-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "pra-lp", "moonstone-holdings", "linarite", "perthlite", "roselite-holdings", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "beverly-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ada4ebb830d50819cbeb04c6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Exhibit X also says, in general terms, who served the chain entities. Raymond R. Sackler, Beverly Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler (each listed with their estates), Richard S. Sackler and David A. Sackler are described as family members, trust beneficiaries and current or former directors, managers or officers of a II-way entity in the chain; Richard and Jonathan are also described as current or former directors, managers or officers of an RRS I-way chain entity and of a trust company. Stuart D. Baker and Anthony M. Roncalli, as well as Philip C. Strassburger, Edward B. Mahony, Peter Boer, Paulo Costa, Ralph Snyderman and William Loomis, are described as current or former directors, managers or officers of a II-way entity in the chain, and Stephen A. Ives and Leslie J. Schreyer as holding such posts at an RRS I-way chain entity and at a trust company. Exhibit X names neither the entities nor the periods, so these descriptions cannot be tied to a particular company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "stuart-baker", "anthony-roncalli", "philip-strassburger", "edward-mahony", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "ralph-snyderman", "william-loomis", "stephen-ives", "leslie-schreyer" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-29624583e85dc5a971ef9725", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On the A side, Exhibit X lists Joerg Fischer, Jonathan G. White, Leslie J. Schreyer, Jeffrey A. Robins, Stuart D. Baker, Anthony M. Roncalli, Charles G. Lubar and Christopher B. Mitchell among the trusts and trust companies under the heading \"Trusts, Trustees and Protectors\", without stating their capacity; Baker, Roncalli, Schreyer and Robins appear among the B-side parties as well. Both the 2020 federal settlement and Exhibit X release a group of \"Purdue Parent Entities\": Exhibit X's A-side list names Banela Corporation, Beacon Company, the BR Holdings and PLP Associates Holdings entities, PRA, Stanhope Gate Corp. and the trustees Heatheridge and Millborne, and the 2020 list also includes Purdue Pharma Inc., Linarite, Perthlite, Moonstone, Roselite, the Rosebay entities and the trustees Cedar Cliff, Cornice and Data LLC, among others. Exhibit X also classes Coventry Technologies L.P. as a II-way entity; the United States' proof of claim lists Purdue's equity in Coventry, valued in Purdue's records at $52,328,000 with an estimated date of 1 January 2008, among the assets Purdue transferred to its parent PRA.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-004", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "joerg-fischer", "jonathan-white", "leslie-schreyer", "jeffrey-robins", "stuart-baker", "anthony-roncalli", "charles-lubar", "christopher-mitchell", "heatheridge-trust", "hillside-trust", "millborne-trust", "mortimer-sackler-family", "banela", "beacon-company", "br-holdings-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "stanhope-gate", "purdue-pharma-inc", "linarite", "perthlite", "moonstone-holdings", "roselite-holdings", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "cornice-fiduciary", "data-llc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "coventry-technologies", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-a426320e986f2080bc85643f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Prospectuses of companies in which Beacon and Rosebay held shares show who had voting and investment control over those shareholdings. A Novelos Therapeutics, Inc. prospectus of 3 May 2010 places voting and investment control over Beacon Company's holdings with Jonathan G. White, Joerg Fischer and Steven Meiklejohn as directors of Stanhope Gate Corp., Beacon's managing general partner, and with White, Fischer, Stuart D. Baker, Christopher B. Mitchell, Leslie J. Schreyer and Charles G. Lubar as directors of Beacon Trust Company Ltd., trustee of the Beacon Trust, which is Beacon's general partner. A Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. prospectus of 13 February 2017 names Fischer, White and Philip J. Le Cornu as the board of Stanhope Gate Corp., with power to vote or dispose of Beacon's securities.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025", "src-073" ], "entity_ids": [ "stanhope-gate", "beacon-company", "jonathan-white", "joerg-fischer", "steven-meiklejohn", "beacon-trust", "stuart-baker", "christopher-mitchell", "leslie-schreyer", "charles-lubar", "philip-le-cornu" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2e2105d6269889809dd0b176", "kind": "analysis", "text": "According to both prospectuses, Rosebay Medical Company L.P.'s general partner was Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. The 2010 prospectus places voting and investment control over the partnership's holdings with Richard S. Sackler, Jonathan D. Sackler and Stephen A. Ives as directors and/or officers of that company, and the 2017 prospectus names Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler as its board, with power to vote or dispose of the partnership's securities.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025", "src-073" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosebay-medical-inc", "rosebay-medical-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "stephen-ives" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-861ebae1fdc0e35762db43f8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Exhibit X classes the corporate trustees on the Raymond Sackler side as family entities: Data LLC, Cornice Fiduciary Management LLC and Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc., all organised in Wyoming, are listed as RRS Family I-way entities and as current or former trustees. In a record retrieved in October 2026, Wyoming's Secretary of State shows Cedar Cliff as a domestic profit corporation first filed on 11 October 2019, active and in good standing, with its latest annual report filed on 5 August 2026 and tax delinquency notices recorded in 2020 and 2022; the registry does not show its owners. Cornice took over one trusteeship on 20 November 2018: an amended Schedule 13D on Amtech Systems, Inc. shares reports that Leslie J. Schreyer resigned that day as trustee of the trust under a Trust Agreement dated 23 December 1989 for the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler and that Cornice, whose officers were Schreyer and Jeffrey Robins of Norton Rose Fulbright (US) LLP, succeeded him. The filings do not say whether this is the trust that holds Perthlite under an agreement of the same date.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-104", "src-112", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "data-llc", "cornice-fiduciary", "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "raymond-sackler-family", "leslie-schreyer", "jeffrey-robins", "norton-rose-fulbright" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7f740bd7ac89a8dfbf108f18", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Other SEC filings show the Raymond side's investment vehicles and family office. A Form 4 of April 2015 on Key Technology, Inc. shares states that M3C Holdings LLC is wholly owned by a trust of 15 January 2004 whose sole beneficiary is Jonathan D. Sackler's wife and whose trustees are she and Richard S. Sackler, and that M3C reports holdings jointly with Leslie J. Schreyer as trustee of the 1989 trust for the issue of Jonathan D. Sackler. The 2018 Amtech filing describes Kokino LLC, at 201 Tresser Boulevard in Stamford, the street address of the debtors' headquarters, as a single-family office managing investments only for its family clients, among them that trust (whose trustee by then was Cornice), M3C and Piton Capital Partners LLC, which Kokino manages through Piton Capital Management LLC; Stephen A. Ives signed as vice president for M3C and for Kokino. Exhibit X classes M3C, Kokino and North Bay Associates, North Bay Eagle LLC and North Bay Trust Company Inc. as RRS Family I-way entities. North Bay Associates in Oklahoma City was Rosebay's care-of address in 2010, and the 2020 federal settlement lists North Bay Trust Company, as trustee of The 1974 Irrevocable Investment Trust, among the released Purdue Parent Entities.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-054", "src-058", "src-112", "src-038", "src-004", "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "m3c-holdings", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "leslie-schreyer", "raymond-sackler-family", "kokino", "stephen-ives", "cornice-fiduciary", "purdue-pharma-lp", "north-bay-associates", "rosebay-medical-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0530ef3d656d41334e1a30df", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In the recitals of their settlement of 21 October 2020, the United States and Richard, David, Mortimer D.A. and Kathe Sackler and the estate of Jonathan Sackler (the \"Named Sacklers\") state that the Named Sacklers are beneficiaries of trusts that indirectly own Purdue Pharma L.P. Addendum A to that agreement, which sets out the conduct on which the United States based its civil claims, goes further: it states that Purdue was owned through trusts and controlled by the Sackler family, and that from at least 1996 to 2018 family members, as directors, officers, consultants and employees, directed and oversaw Purdue's opioid business. Ownership through trusts is not disputed elsewhere in the record; control and direction are the United States' allegations. The agreement is neither an admission of liability by the Named Sacklers nor a concession by the United States, and the Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations. They agreed to pay $225,000,000 plus interest, which the Justice Department described as resolving their civil False Claims Act liability without any criminal release, and which the debtors record as paid directly to the Justice Department outside the plan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-045", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-049f687c4bb591a45390b95c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In its proof of claim of 30 July 2020 in the bankruptcy, the United States, as a creditor, had already asserted that PRA, the parent of Purdue, is ultimately owned and controlled by entities owned and controlled by or for the benefit of the Sacklers, and that the Sackler family owns and controls PRA and the PLP Associates Holdings and BR Holdings Associates entities. The ownership element matches the debtors' own statement; the assertion of family control was not adjudicated. The Justice Department's announcement of 21 October 2020 set Purdue's own $2.8 billion civil settlement of its False Claims Act liability beside the family's separate $225 million settlement.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-038", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "br-holdings-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-eec20eac8525f26628af3f08", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The State of New York's First Amended Complaint in its Suffolk County opioid case, reproduced as an exhibit to a letter rogatory of 13 September 2019, alleges that Purdue Pharma Inc. is the general partner of, and ultimately controls, Purdue Pharma L.P.; that Purdue Holdings L.P. (now PRA) wholly owns the limited partnership interest; that PLP Associates Holdings L.P., whose partners are PLP Associates Holdings Inc. and BR Holdings Associates L.P., is a limited partner of Purdue Holdings; and that Rosebay, whose general partner's board includes Richard and Jonathan Sackler, and Beacon are ultimately owned by trusts for the family defendants, who, the State pleads, used these entities as vehicles to transfer funds from Purdue to themselves. The ownership descriptions are broadly consistent with the debtors' statement and the SEC filings on Rosebay's general partner; the vehicle allegation was not adjudicated. No answers had been filed when the complaint was reproduced, and none is in the record. The case was not tried: on 11 October 2019, after the bankruptcy filings, the Bankruptcy Court temporarily halted all such litigation and then enjoined actions against Purdue and related parties, including family members and Beverly, Richard and Jonathan Sackler as trustees under the 1974 Trust Agreement, and Exhibit X to the confirmed plan's shareholder settlement lists PRA, the PLP and BR Holdings entities, Beacon and the Rosebay entities among the released parties.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003", "src-078", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "beacon-company" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5cd35ae7ed08f55807136a57", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The State of Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges that Purdue Pharma Inc. controlled Purdue Pharma L.P. as its general partner and is liable for the partnership's misconduct as a matter of law, that the directors and chief executive of PPI controlled the partnership and the two companies shared the same chief executive, that PPI is also the general partner of Purdue Holdings L.P., which holds the limited partnership interest, and that Purdue Pharma L.P. employed the sales representatives and paid the doctors who promoted Purdue's drugs. Liability was not adjudicated, and the general-partner statement conflicts with the New York letter rogatory, which names BR Holdings Associates, Inc. as PRA's general partner; the record does not resolve the point. Connecticut's suit was halted by the same injunction of October and November 2019, and in 2022 Connecticut was among the eight states and the District of Columbia that, with the debtors and the Sacklers, filed a revised settlement with additional Sackler contributions and withdrew their opposition to the plan, including the shareholder releases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7f5d311aac8c9d22496e106b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The letter rogatory itself, issued by the Suffolk County court at the State's request to obtain documents from Banela Corporation in the British Virgin Islands, describes Banela as sole owner of all Class A shares of Purdue Pharma Inc. for the benefit of Mortimer Sackler's family and as part-owner of BR Holdings Associates, Inc., which it calls PRA's general partner, and of PLP Associates Holdings, Inc., general partner of PLP Associates Holdings L.P. It records the State's belief that Banela, controlled directly or indirectly by the Sackler defendants, served as a conduit of money or an intermediary among the defendants; the court's own finding was only that Banela was likely to hold relevant information. The descriptions were drawn up on the State's application and are not findings on ownership: the Class A description fits the debtors' statement that Banela owns 50% of PPI, which does not mention share classes, and its description of PRA's general partner is contradicted by Connecticut's complaint, a conflict the record does not resolve. No statement by Banela is in the record; the service list names Debevoise & Plimpton LLP as attorneys for Banela together with Stillwater Holdings LLC, Stanhope Gate Corporation, Millborne, Heatheridge and Jonathan G. White. The injunction of 11 October 2019 halted the litigation, and Banela is among the Purdue Parent Entities released from the United States' civil claims in October 2020 and listed in Exhibit X.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003", "src-004", "src-058", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "purdue-pharma-inc", "br-holdings-inc", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6666b3aabe238c53c8344d47", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Three points remain unresolved in the available records: the holders of the small remaining interests in PRA and in Rosebay Medical Company L.P. shown above are not identified; PRA's general partner is named differently in the New York and Connecticut pleadings described above; and the United States' 2020 settlement lists Cedar Cliff Fiduciary Management Inc. as trustee of \"Trust U/A 11/5/74 fbo Beverly Sackler\" (the \"74A Trust\"), which Exhibit X describes as a Raymond Sackler family trust indirectly owning Purdue: its date matches the 1974 Trust Agreement under which Richard and Jonathan Sackler held 98% of Rosebay at the 2019 petition date, as set out above, but no available record states that it is the same trust or when, if ever, its trusteeship passed to Cedar Cliff.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-001", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "cedar-cliff-fiduciary", "beverly-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-51d216033c36a7d3360d8d5c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. had no board of its own: it was managed through the board of directors of its general partner, Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI), a New York corporation. The District Court said so in its decision of 16 December 2021, and the debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 states that PPI's board effectively manages the debtors, naming their senior management at that date as Craig Landau, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Marc L. Kesselman, Executive Vice President and General Counsel. In sworn declarations of March and April 2019 in Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P., each of the directors sued there stated that the seat was on PPI's board and that the partnership 'has no directors'. Board seats followed PPI's share classes: Class A Directors were elected by the Class A shareholders, Class B Directors by the Class B shareholders and At-Large Directors by both classes jointly.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "craig-landau", "marc-kesselman", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "peter-boer", "cecil-pickett" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-93824fe98da9928ffbec899a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The District Court found that from about 1993 until 2018 at least six or seven members of the Sackler family always sat on PPI's board and that independent directors never equalled or outnumbered the family directors. Two brothers had led the company: the court recorded that Mortimer D. Sackler, who died in 2010, served as co-chief executive officer of Purdue with his brother Raymond Sackler, who died in 2017, though the court's collective term 'Purdue' gives no start dates and leaves open which company, in earlier decades possibly The Purdue Frederick Company, employed them. Mortimer's branch of the family is known as Side A and Raymond's as Side B.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2eac16a8094c803b9c6beeac", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The dates below record who held a seat and when; a board seat is not in itself evidence of any director's personal conduct. The family directors' terms are given in a tenure list in Addendum A to the United States' 2020 civil settlement agreement with members of the family, and each director confirmed the end date in a sworn declaration in the Massachusetts case. On Side B, Raymond's sons Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler served from 2 October 1990 to 24 July 2018 and to 8 December 2018 respectively; Raymond's wife Beverly Sackler sat from about 1993 to October 2017 (17 October 2017 in her declaration), and Richard's son David A. Sackler from 19 July 2012 to 14 August 2018. David Sackler declared that after 15 May 2007 he was not an employee or officer of PPI, or an employee, officer or director of the partnership.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-007", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "jonathan-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "david-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5103c87c952316473bb21a8a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On Side A, three of Mortimer D. Sackler's children sat on the board: Kathe A. Sackler from 2 October 1990 to 27 September 2018, Mortimer D.A. Sackler from 15 January 1993 to 16 January 2019, the latest end date of any family director, and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt in two terms, from 2 October 1990 to 4 February 2005 and from 16 May 2008 to 9 October 2018, a gap that the District Court's description of nearly 30 years on the board does not mention. Mortimer D. Sackler's wife, Theresa E. Sackler, served from 15 January 1993 to 7 September 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-007", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "kathe-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mortimer-d-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "theresa-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-78b6af9c52fe416a6ef45dec", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Richard Sackler also held executive and board-chair roles. The District Court found, on the 2021 hearing testimony, that he was president of Purdue from 2000 to 2003, co-chair of PPI's board from 2003 to 2007 and chair from about 2008 until 2010 or 2011, without naming the company of which he was president beyond its collective term. Other accounts differ. Rhode Island's Third Amended Complaint, submitted on 22 March 2022, alleges, partly on information and belief, that he was President of Purdue Pharma from 1999 to 2003 and Co-Chairman from 2003 through 2014, joined Purdue in 1971 as an assistant to his father Raymond, headed marketing and research, oversaw the launch of OxyContin and is a board member of 'Purdue Pharma, L.P.' and Rhodes Technologies, in both of which it says he holds an ownership interest. A House committee staff memorandum of 8 December 2020 listed him as 'Former President, CEO, and Chairman of the Board of Directors, Purdue Pharma L.P.', with Mortimer D.A. and Kathe Sackler as former vice presidents and board members and David Sackler as a former board member of the partnership; these are staff titles, not a corporate record, and the court described him as president, co-chair and chair, not as chief executive. Against these accounts stand the DOJ tenure list, the partnership's lack of directors and his own March 2019 declaration that he left PPI's board on 24 July 2018 and held no employee or officer post after 15 May 2007. Rhode Island was one of the states that, with the debtors and the Sacklers, filed the settlement approved by the Bankruptcy Court on 10 March 2022, twelve days before this complaint was submitted, and the retained records contain no ruling on the complaint's account of his titles.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-055", "src-007", "src-044", "src-037" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "rhodes-technologies", "raymond-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "david-sackler", "craig-landau" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7fd40e104e29c0a27b2486ca", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Some family directors were also officers until 2007. Jonathan and Kathe Sackler each declared that they had been Senior Vice President of both PPI and the partnership until 31 May 2007, and Mortimer D.A. Sackler that he had been Vice President of both until that date; none of them, they stated, was otherwise an employee or officer of either company after 15 May 2007.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-e257cc11abe9cddb83e5a525", "kind": "analysis", "text": "A commercial aggregator's undated copy of Connecticut registry data for PPI lists as directors all eight of these family members and Raymond R. Sackler, together with the non-family directors Cecil B. Pickett, Paulo F. Costa, Peter Boer and Ralph Snyderman. The list is not the registry itself and mixes people whose service ended at different times, since Raymond Sackler died in 2017 and Mark Timney, listed as president and chief executive officer, left in June 2017, so it does not show who held office at any particular date; Raymond Sackler's name does not appear in the DOJ settlement's list of family directors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-026" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "cecil-pickett", "paulo-costa", "peter-boer", "ralph-snyderman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-9438e8e9e8274e5d9bca2cd8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Five non-family directors joined the board between 2008 and 2012, according to their own declarations in the Massachusetts case. Peter Boer declared that he had been a PPI director since 18 April 2008; Connecticut's 2019 complaint names him as Frank Peter Boer. Judith C. Lewent declared that she served from 20 March 2009 to 31 December 2014, while Connecticut's complaint gives March 2009 to October 2015, and neither record explains the difference. Cecil B. Pickett, a former President of Research and Development at Biogen, declared service from 21 January 2010 and is listed in the July 2025 Disclosure Statement as a Class A Director appointed in January 2010; Paulo Costa declared service from 25 April 2012 to 30 January 2018 and Ralph Snyderman from 1 August 2012 to 30 October 2017. None of them was a director of the partnership. PPI's Florida registry record lists Boer among its directors, but he is not among the six directors named in the July 2025 Disclosure Statement, so that entry may be out of date, and no retained record dates the end of his term.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-007", "src-051", "src-102", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "peter-boer", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "judith-lewent", "cecil-pickett", "paulo-costa", "ralph-snyderman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1b98c98d7cc389de1bb3a7ed", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The New York Attorney General's First Amended Complaint, filed as an exhibit to a letter rogatory on 13 September 2019, alleges that Boer 'was no stranger to Purdue or the Sacklers' when he joined Purdue's board, having served on the board of Rhodes Technologies, the family's Rhode Island opioid manufacturing company, and directed Purdue's oxycodone pipeline there for a decade. Boer was not a defendant in that action, and no retained registry or company record confirms the Rhodes seat or its dates.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "peter-boer", "rhodes-technologies", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f6db76dc1d2eedb4f2a37213", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The State of Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges that the Sacklers always held the controlling majority of the board, which gave them full power over Purdue, and that Boer, Lewent, Pickett, Costa and Snyderman 'did not act independently from the Sacklers', voting with them on every one of the hundreds of votes during their tenures; it adds that the individual defendants knew of and failed to stop the deceptive practices it describes and that Craig Landau had acknowledged the board was a de facto CEO. These are the State's allegations. The District Court separately found that the family directors always outnumbered the independent directors, but the retained records contain no ruling on the claims of full power, of voting with the family or of knowledge. No answer to the complaint itself is in the retained records; in the parallel Massachusetts case the five directors each declared that, to the best of their knowledge, no PPI board meeting took place in Massachusetts and that they did not direct Purdue's management, sales representatives or marketing there. Connecticut later joined the settlement with the debtors and the Sacklers approved on 10 March 2022 and the $7.4 billion Purdue–Sackler settlement that took effect on 1 May 2026; Exhibit X to that settlement lists Boer, Costa and Snyderman among the Certain Shareholder Released Parties, as current or former directors, managers or officers of a jointly owned entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain, and its releases bind only claimants who opt in.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-007", "src-044", "src-006", "src-058", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "peter-boer", "judith-lewent", "cecil-pickett", "paulo-costa", "ralph-snyderman", "craig-landau" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-508ef95a51ca1591f8b834df", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The same complaint describes Russell Gasdia as Purdue's Vice President of Sales and Marketing and alleges that the directors Richard, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Kathe, Beverly and Theresa Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Boer and Lewent authorised him to hire a staff member to promote Purdue opioids electronically through the 'Partners Against Pain' website, and that in 2013 Gasdia and other staff told the board that opioid savings cards kept patients on Purdue's opioids longer and were being pushed through sales visits, online and by email. Gasdia, a defendant in the Massachusetts case though not in Connecticut's, has no response in the retained records; the family directors named declared in Massachusetts that they did not direct sales representatives' visits, savings-card emails or other marketing there. No ruling on these allegations is in the retained records; Connecticut later joined the March 2022 settlement and the settlement that took effect on 1 May 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-007", "src-044", "src-006" ], "entity_ids": [ "russell-gasdia", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "peter-boer", "judith-lewent" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-811e8d8814e8b6bf1811ae1d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "New York's First Amended Complaint in the Suffolk County opioid litigation, filed with a September 2019 letter rogatory, likewise alleges that Purdue has been controlled by members of the extended Sackler family, the ultimate intended beneficiaries of virtually all its profit distributions, and that PPI's board functioned as the nexus of decision-making for all of Purdue, meeting in New York or Connecticut under its by-laws; its individual defendants were the living family members who had served on that board. These are the State's allegations, not findings. Certain defendants moved to dismiss in 2019, and four family members appeared at an August 2019 status conference without conceding that they were proper parties and reserving all defences, including lack of personal jurisdiction for Kathe and Theresa Sackler; a press report on the later settlement says the family has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing. The District Court recorded that state courts denied the Sackler defendants' motions to dismiss in at least three cases, citing an order of 21 June 2019 in the Suffolk County litigation, and on 1 May 2026 the New York Attorney General announced that Purdue had shut down under the bankruptcy plan, as part of the $7.4 billion settlement with members of the family, and that New York expects up to $250 million from the settlement with Purdue and the Sacklers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-094", "src-003", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3690ef16fcc349639ba39f2c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Each family director's departure is dated above. The District Court found that many family members stepped down during 2018 and that the last resignation took effect at the beginning of 2019; the Disclosure Statement says the last family director resigned in January 2019, and the DOJ tenure list gives 16 January 2019 as the end of Mortimer D.A. Sackler's term, the latest of them. In written testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform dated 17 December 2020, Landau said it had been almost two years since any family member served on the board, counted accepting the family's resignations among the changes of his tenure and said that Purdue had added a new 'independent Chairman of the Board' in 2018 and three other 'previously unaffiliated directors' with restructuring and pharmaceutical industry experience in 2019.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-004", "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family", "mortimer-da-sackler", "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-98dca00291c5898bd16951f7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The new board was assembled from July 2018. Purdue Pharma L.P. announced on 24 July 2018, with immediate effect, that Robert S. 'Steve' Miller had been named chairman 'of Purdue', and the Disclosure Statement lists him as Chairman of PPI's board appointed in July 2018, the board being PPI's because the partnership had none; an online profile gives 1 July 2018 as the start. Anthony Roncalli became a Class B Director in December 2018, Michael Cola a Class A Director in February 2019 and an At-Large Director in July 2019, Kenneth Buckfire an At-Large Director in May 2019 and John S. Dubel an At-Large Director in July 2019; with Cecil Pickett they were the six directors listed in the Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025, which says that a majority of them have no prior connection to the Sackler Families. It does not say which; its biographies disclose Roncalli's advisory work for the debtors and the independent associated companies as a former partner at Norton Rose Fulbright LLP, and Pickett's former seats on the boards of independent associated companies, which he gave up on or before 9 August 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-021", "src-008", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "john-dubel", "michael-cola", "anthony-roncalli", "cecil-pickett", "purdue-pharma-lp", "norton-rose-fulbright" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-972bcaddd2efe0bf80ba88e0", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Disclosure Statement's biographies describe careers in restructuring and the drug industry. Miller had been Vice Chairman and CFO of Chrysler, Chairman and CEO of Delphi Corp. and non-executive chairman of American International Group, from 2010 to 2015 according to Purdue's 2018 release; an online profile adds that he was Delphi's chief executive from July 2005 to October 2009, presiding over its restructuring in bankruptcy, and CEO of Hawker Beechcraft from February 2012 to 2013. In 2025 Buckfire was President of Miller Buckfire & Co., LLC, which he co-founded in 2002, and a Vice-Chairman of Stifel Financial Corporation's Institutional Banking Group. Dubel founded the turnaround firm Dubel & Associates, LLC in 1999 and had been chief executive of Financial Guaranty Insurance Company and of SunEdison, Inc., whose Form 8-K records his appointment as chief executive on 22 June 2016, when he was already its Chief Restructuring Officer. Cola had been chief executive of Avalo Therapeutics Inc (formerly Cerecor) and of Aevi Genomic Medicine and President of Specialty Pharmaceuticals at Shire plc.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-021", "src-015", "src-008", "src-035" ], "entity_ids": [ "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "purdue-pharma-inc", "john-dubel", "michael-cola" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-23fbadf992909d5220681ca7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "PPI's Florida registry record, whose latest annual report was filed on 28 February 2026, lists Craig Landau as President and Chief Executive Officer, Terrence Ronan as Treasurer and CFO, Marc L. Kesselman as Secretary, Robert S. Miller as Chairman of the Board and Ken Buckfire, John S. Dubel, Michael Cola, Peter Boer, Cecil Pickett and Anthony M. Roncalli as directors; the record became inactive after a withdrawal filed on 1 October 2026. It reflects what the corporation last reported and may not be current, since it still names Boer, who is absent from the 2025 board list. The confirmed bankruptcy plan, which took effect on 1 May 2026, dissolved the boards of all the debtors, PPI's included, deemed their members to have resigned and made a PPLP Liquidator the sole director and sole officer of the liquidating debtors, succeeding to PPI's powers as the partnership's general partner, to wind them up.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-102", "src-015", "src-039", "src-020", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "craig-landau", "terrence-ronan", "marc-kesselman", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "john-dubel", "michael-cola", "peter-boer", "cecil-pickett", "anthony-roncalli", "purdue-pharma-lp", "plan-administration-trust", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ee1580271473d723133ec7e3", "kind": "analysis", "text": "From May 2019 decisions on dividends, distributions and dealings with the family were reserved to a committee from which family members were barred. On 14 May 2019 PPI's shareholders adopted an Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement and PPI filed a Restated Certificate of Incorporation creating a Transaction Committee, chaired by the independent Chairman of the Board and otherwise made up of directors appointed by a majority of the board, none of them a member of the Sackler Families; it received exclusive authority over all dividends by PPI and all distributions by Purdue Pharma L.P. to its partners, and authority over transactions with the Class A and Class B shareholders and their affiliates. On 3 September 2019 the shareholders renamed it the Special Committee and an amended certificate added authority over 'Affiliate Litigation', meaning claims between the debtors and the Sackler Families, their trusts and other Sackler-related entities, including the independent associated companies, so that no dividend, distribution, affiliate transaction or affiliate litigation could proceed without its approval; any At-Large Director could now chair it, and family members remained barred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-94a4cff0c3602e3f565e6ebf", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Disclosure Statement names Chairman Miller and the At-Large Directors Buckfire, Cola and Dubel as the committee's members, with Dubel as its chairman, and states that none of them had any prior relationship with either family; the District Court likewise recorded that Dubel, appointed to the board in July 2019, chaired the committee investigating potential claims against the Sacklers. A letter agreement of 6 November 2019 protected them from removal by the shareholders: PPI's shareholders irrevocably delegated to PPI's General Counsel, as their proxy, the right to appoint and remove the Chairman and the At-Large Directors, to be exercised on the vote of two-thirds of the directors in office and disregarding the vote of any director whose removal is in question. In its modified bench ruling of 20 November 2025 on confirmation of the final plan, the Bankruptcy Court, citing Dubel's declaration, described the committee as formed in May 2019, which matches the creation of the Transaction Committee, with exclusive authority over transactions and claims involving the Sackler Parties, and noted that a court-appointed independent examiner selected by the DOJ had found that it 'acted independently' and was not controlled or influenced by them.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-003", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "michael-cola", "john-dubel", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-24b48c6198b1fd24fc07943a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Day-to-day management lay with chief executives who served both companies. John Stewart declared that he was chief executive officer of Purdue Pharma L.P. and PPI from June 2007 to December 2013, and Mark Timney, previously President of Merck US, from January 2014 to June 2017; Purdue's release of 22 June 2017 says Timney had spent 15 years with Merck before joining. The same release announced that 'The Board of Directors of the independently associated worldwide Purdue/Napp/Mundipharma network of companies' had appointed Dr. Craig Landau President and CEO for the U.S. operations, Purdue Pharma L.P., with immediate effect, and that Timney was leaving. It does not mention PPI's board, and no retained record identifies that network board's legal form or members.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-033", "src-032", "src-074" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-stewart", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "purdue-canada" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-68b75ce88388f660d3532853", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Landau had joined Purdue Pharma L.P. in 1999, two years after entering the industry, and became its Chief Medical Officer and Vice President of R&D Innovation, Clinical and Medical Affairs; he declared that he was Chief Medical Officer and Head of Clinical Development until 2013. From July 2013 to June 2017 he was President and CEO of Purdue Pharma (Canada), a separate company that the District Court described as an independent associated company ultimately owned by the Sackler family and not a debtor, and the June 2017 release said he would retain responsibility for it after his appointment in the United States. In February 2019 he declared that he had been chief executive of both PPI and the partnership since June 2017, the start date that his House testimony of December 2020 and the Disclosure Statement of July 2025 also give; the Disclosure Statement adds that since 2022 he had also overseen the debtors' generic medicine business, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011", "src-074", "src-015", "src-003", "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-canada", "purdue-pharma-inc", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-85533f892293bae14ff4b8f6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Under Landau, Purdue stopped promoting opioids through sales representatives. He declared that in February 2018, at his direction, Purdue ceased deploying sales personnel to promote its opioids to prescribers, and he told the House committee in 2020 that the company had eliminated its entire opioid sales force and later committed, in a voluntary injunction in the bankruptcy, to continue that restraint. A local press report of July 2018 said Purdue had announced the month before the elimination of its already reduced sales force, cutting 175 jobs, with another 175 positions cut at the same time, leaving about 550 employees, some 250 at the Stamford headquarters, against about 1,100 four months earlier; these are the newspaper's figures, not a company filing, and they differ from the later headcounts in the Disclosure Statement.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011", "src-100", "src-056" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-44619295076e8ca852745c2b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Landau was himself sued. A December 2019 wire-service report said he was named as a defendant in suits by Colorado, Massachusetts, five local governments and more than 100 hospitals, and summarised the two states' allegations that he blamed opioid dangers on patients, had his sales team encourage more prescribing without disclosing addiction risks, pushed opioids for elderly and opioid-naive patients, falsely presented reformulated OxyContin as safe and pushed longer prescribing; these are the states' allegations as reported, and no finding against him personally is in the retained records. Purdue denied the claims against it and Landau asked the courts to dismiss the complaints against him: his February 2019 Massachusetts declaration says many of the allegations against him are not supported by, and in some instances are contradicted by, the documents the Commonwealth cited, that he did not oversee opioid sales or marketing in his two earlier executive posts, that he had no direct day-to-day sales or marketing role as CEO and that he had the company stop marketing opioids to prescribers about eight months into his tenure. After the bankruptcy filing the Bankruptcy Court's preliminary injunction of 11 October 2019 extended the halt on litigation to the debtors' 'Related Parties', but the retained records do not say whether Landau was among them. The same report described Purdue's request, opposed by the attorneys general of about half the states, to pay Landau a bonus of half his $2.6 million base salary, which Purdue said it had capped and split; the report predates the hearing and its outcome is not in the retained records.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-091", "src-011", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-62276bb6fe8f011c907d281c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "A November 2019 trade press report said that Timney, named in dozens of lawsuits against the OxyContin maker, stood to earn over $85 million in Novartis's $9.7 billion purchase of The Medicines Company; only the opening of the article is available, and it does not state his position at that company or the basis of the payment. In his declaration supporting the former executives' motion to dismiss the Massachusetts complaint, Timney stated that many of its allegations against him were not supported by, and in some instances were contradicted by, the documents the Commonwealth cited.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-093", "src-032" ], "entity_ids": [ "mark-timney" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4ec976dc3d07c6df50fb923e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The legal function changed hands in 2018. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s release of 24 July 2018 announced that Marc L. Kesselman had been appointed Senior Vice President and General Counsel, reporting to Landau, in succession to Maria Barton, who had led the law department and would stay for a brief transition; a same-day press report, the only source for these dates, says Barton had been promoted to general counsel in February 2017 a year after joining. The Disclosure Statement gives Kesselman's July 2018 appointment as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Purdue Pharma and, in July 2025, his title as Executive Vice President, General Counsel; a professional association's biography of him adds a later promotion to Chief Legal Officer and EVP Strategy & Corporate Affairs, and PPI's Florida record lists him as Secretary. He came from general counsel posts at YUM! Brands, Dean Foods (from January 2015) and PepsiCo's food businesses and, before that, served as General Counsel of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (2006–2008), Deputy General Counsel of the White House Office of Management and Budget (2003–2006) and earlier a lawyer at the Department of Justice.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-008", "src-015", "src-056", "src-098", "src-102", "src-043" ], "entity_ids": [ "marc-kesselman", "purdue-pharma-lp", "craig-landau", "steve-miller", "maria-barton", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-80d991e489672b75d421f49c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Jon Lowne, who joined Purdue in 1995 as Senior Internal Auditor and was Controller from 2005 to July 2017, became acting Chief Financial Officer in August 2017 and CFO of Purdue Pharma L.P. in March 2018; as Authorized Person he signed the partnership's Chapter 11 petition and its declaration under penalty of perjury on 15 September 2019, and his sworn first-day declaration was filed the next day. Earlier officers appear in narrower records: James J. Dolan, Senior Vice President, Licensing and Business Development, signed a strategic alliance dated 19 November 2008 with Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. through its general partner Purdue Pharmaceutical Products Inc., and an undated aggregator copy of Connecticut registry data lists Timney as PPI's president and chief executive officer, Edward B. Mahony and Stuart D. Baker as executive vice presidents and Robin Abrams as a vice president, without dates of appointment or departure.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-016", "src-001", "src-024", "src-026" ], "entity_ids": [ "jon-lowne", "purdue-pharma-lp", "james-dolan", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mark-timney", "edward-mahony", "stuart-baker", "robin-abrams" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-009ace9ba720f4fd2cfe679d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma Inc. (PPI) is a New York corporation that, like the partnership, had its headquarters at One Stamford Forum, 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, Connecticut, and it was the general partner of Purdue Pharma L.P. In the resolutions its board adopted on 15 September 2019 to start the bankruptcy cases, PPI recited that role and its role as general partner or managing general partner of the other entities on Schedule 1A to the resolutions; the United States' proof of claim of July 2020 lists PPI's own case as No. 19-23648. The District Court's 2021 decision records that PPI's board managed the partnership, and the directors sued in Massachusetts declared in 2019 that the partnership itself had no directors. Before the petition date, the Disclosure Statement says, PPI was removed as general partner of certain non-debtor entities and replaced non-debtors as general partner of Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. and Purdue Neuroscience Company, so that it effectively managed all of the partnership's subsidiaries during the cases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-003", "src-015", "src-007", "src-038", "src-096" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "craig-landau", "marc-kesselman", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "peter-boer", "cecil-pickett", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "purdue-neuroscience", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "imbrium-therapeutics", "adlon-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-pharma-puerto-rico", "avrio-health", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "button-land", "quidnick-land", "rhodes-associates", "paul-land", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-lp", "svc-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-23b8609e7367a28d8befbad1", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Florida registered PPI as a foreign profit corporation of New York on 6 November 2003 (document F03000005558); its record, retrieved in October 2026, shows a withdrawal filed on 1 October 2026 and an inactive status. An undated aggregator copy of Connecticut registry data gives PPI the label CT-0265632 and Prentice Hall Corporation System as registered agent and lists directors without dates; it is not the registry itself and has not been checked against the state record, though official records, the DOJ settlement's tenure list and the Florida record, confirm that David Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Beverly Sackler and Cecil Pickett, among the directors it lists, did sit on the board. Canadian companies called 'Purdue Pharma Inc.' and 'Purdue Pharma' belong to a separate group of independent associated companies and are not this debtor.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-103", "src-102", "src-026", "src-004", "src-047", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "cecil-pickett", "david-sackler", "purdue-canada" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0c472be456e3e70b71904795", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The debtors' 2019 ownership statement records that Banela Corporation directly owned 50% of PPI and Linarite Holdings LLC and Perthlite Holdings LLC 25% each, and that no one else held 10% or more. PPI's certificate of incorporation tied its board seats to share classes: Class A Directors were elected by the Class A shareholders, Class B Directors by the Class B shareholders and At-Large Directors by both jointly. A September 2019 letter rogatory issued at the State of New York's request describes Banela, a British Virgin Islands company, as owner of all of PPI's Class A shares for the benefit of Mortimer Sackler's family; that description was drawn up for the State in contested litigation and is not a finding, though it is consistent with the debtors' 50% figure.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-015", "src-014", "src-003", "src-004", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "linarite", "perthlite", "purdue-pharma-inc", "br-holdings-inc", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "plp-associates-lp", "mortimer-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4e12f34b70a1a4ff16440bc0", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The board page dates every director's term; in brief, the District Court found that from about 1993 until 2018 at least six or seven Sackler family members always sat on PPI's board and that independent directors never equalled or outnumbered them, and the family directors left between October 2017 and 16 January 2019. Steve Miller became chairman in July 2018, and the July 2025 Disclosure Statement listed six directors, a majority of whom, it says, had no prior connection to the families. From May 2019 a committee closed to family members, renamed the Special Committee in September 2019 and chaired by John S. Dubel, held exclusive authority over dividends and distributions, and from September 2019 no transaction or litigation with the family could proceed without its approval.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-004", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "john-dubel", "michael-cola", "anthony-roncalli", "cecil-pickett", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-479fca6ec62eb114f855f9b6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "PPI shared its chief executives with the partnership: John Stewart (June 2007 to December 2013), Mark Timney (January 2014 to June 2017) and Craig Landau (from June 2017) each declared that he was chief executive of both companies. Stuart D. Baker signed Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Florida qualification papers in October 2003 as PPI's Executive Vice President, Counsel to the Board and Secretary. Marc L. Kesselman, as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, certified the board resolutions of 15 September 2019 authorising the bankruptcy filings. PPI's last Florida annual report, filed on 28 February 2026, named Landau as President and Chief Executive Officer, Terrence Ronan as Treasurer and CFO and Kesselman as Secretary.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-033", "src-032", "src-074", "src-011", "src-015", "src-100", "src-026", "src-110", "src-001", "src-102" ], "entity_ids": [ "john-stewart", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "stuart-baker", "marc-kesselman", "terrence-ronan", "steve-miller", "kenneth-buckfire", "john-dubel", "michael-cola", "peter-boer", "cecil-pickett", "anthony-roncalli" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1f242ab9fa0fce9fb7df27b9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "PPI was sued alongside the partnership. The State of Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges that PPI controlled Purdue Pharma L.P. as its general partner and is liable for the partnership's misconduct as a matter of law, that the directors and chief executive of PPI controlled the partnership and that the two companies had the same chief executive, and that PPI was also general partner of Purdue Holdings L.P.; these allegations were not adjudicated in the retained records, and the New York letter rogatory names a different general partner for that holding partnership, a point the retained records do not resolve. Connecticut's suit was halted by the Bankruptcy Court's injunction of October and November 2019 covering Purdue and its non-debtor related parties, and in 2022 the State joined the revised settlement with the debtors and the Sacklers and withdrew its opposition to the plan, including the shareholder releases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-10b87f416c62c05e816902eb", "kind": "analysis", "text": "PPI was among the debtors that filed for Chapter 11 on 15 September 2019, with Purdue Pharma L.P. and 23 affiliated debtors jointly administered under case No. 19-23649. Under the confirmed plan the boards of all debtors were dissolved on the effective date and their members deemed to have resigned, all interests in PPI were cancelled, and a PPLP Liquidator became sole director and officer of the liquidating debtors, succeeding to PPI's powers as the partnership's general partner, to wind them up. The plan took effect on 1 May 2026, when, the New York Attorney General announced, Purdue shut down and ceased operations and Knoa Pharma began operating in its place.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-020", "src-038", "src-115", "src-039", "src-015", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "plan-administration-trust", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-96c6fdd592251ed47b6b09b7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The family is divided into two sides. In its 16 December 2021 decision on appeal from the plan confirmation, the District Court for the Southern District of New York (Judge McMahon) called Mortimer Sackler's side \"Side A\" and Raymond Sackler's side \"Side B\". Side A consists of Mortimer D. Sackler, who was co-chief executive officer of Purdue with his brother Raymond until his death in 2010, his wife Theresa Sackler, and three of his seven children, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler and Mortimer David Alfons (\"Mortimer D.A.\") Sackler; Theresa and the three children all served on Purdue's board, the children for nearly 30 years. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 names the same four and Samantha Hunt as the A-Side members who took part in the governance of Purdue Pharma, and says that other family members had no direct role in managing the debtors. An online reference biography, which is not an official record and is the only source here for her parentage, lists Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt among Mortimer D. Sackler's children and says that Theresa became Dame Theresa Sackler in 2011. Relatives with no role in the record are not named.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-028" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-d-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "mortimer-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "raymond-sackler-family", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "david-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-72e2a3045aa817b84ddfee4d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Side B, as the same decision describes it, is Raymond Sackler, who died in 2017 and had been co-chief executive officer with his brother Mortimer, his wife Beverly Sackler and his two sons, Jonathan and Richard Sackler, all three of them Purdue board members, together with Richard Sackler's son David Sackler, also a board member, and his daughter Marianna Sackler. An online reference biography, an aggregator source, gives the same parentage for Richard Sackler and adds nothing to the court record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-027", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "marianna-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-44219b8f5593ec42537a7bbc", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Several family members were officers as well as directors. The District Court's decision records that Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt held the title of vice president and Kathe Sackler that of senior vice president, without giving dates. Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 instead calls Jonathan Sackler a senior vice president and Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt vice presidents during the development, launch, promotion and marketing of OxyContin, each leaving that office in or after 2003 while staying on the board, so the two records differ on Kathe Sackler's title. Richard Sackler held the most senior posts. The same complaint says he rose from assistant to the president in the 1970s to Vice President of Marketing and Sales, Senior Vice President in the early 1990s and President and CEO from 1999 to 2003, and names him as an inventor on dozens of patents relating to oxycodone and other pain medications, most of them assigned to Purdue; the New York Attorney General's complaint has him head of research and development from at least 1990 through 1999 and president from 1999 through 2003; and an online reference biography says he joined in 1971 as assistant to his father, then the company's president. These are complaint allegations and an aggregator account. The District Court dates his presidency 2000 to 2003, followed by co-chair of the board from 2003 to 2007 and chair from about 2008 until 2010 or 2011; his own page sets out his other roles.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051", "src-027", "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "raymond-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-aff9bb361e7f17093d0a0d80", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Family members also worked outside the boardroom. The District Court records that Marianna (also spelled Mariana) Sackler, Richard Sackler's daughter, worked as a consultant in Purdue's research and development department on OxyContin projects and held a \"PR\" role at Mundipharma Italy, an independent associated company (IAC), working on information about pain in Italy and on \"marketing and selling OxyContin\" there; the decision gives no dates and notes that she was never an officer or director of Purdue. The same decision describes MNP, later MNC, as an advisory board for the family's IACs worldwide whose recommendations the IACs typically followed: Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler, Theresa Sackler and Mortimer D.A. Sackler were its directors for many years, Richard Sackler until 2018 (he was also a director of at least one IAC), and David Sackler also served. The decision gives no start dates or legal form, and MNP/MNC is not shown to be the same entity as MNP Consulting Limited (Delaware), which the debtors list as an IAC.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "marianna-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mundipharma-italy", "mnp-mnc", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "david-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0ca212f5f10fc759180f34cc", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Board service also defined who was sued. The New York Attorney General's complaint, as filed with a September 2019 letter rogatory in Suffolk County, named as individual defendants the eight family members it described as the remaining living Sacklers who had served on the board of Purdue Pharma Inc.: Richard, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Kathe, David, Beverly and Theresa Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt. It dates Richard Sackler's board service from 1990, with the co-chair role from 2003 until he left in 2018, Mortimer D.A. Sackler's since 1993, Beverly Sackler's from 1993 through 2017 and Theresa Sackler's from 1993 through 2018, and has Jonathan, Kathe and Ilene joining in 1990 and David in 2012, broadly as the United States' 2020 settlement lists their tenures. These statements were not adjudicated in the retained record. A status report in the New York coordinated litigation records that Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe A. Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Theresa Sackler appeared at the 12 August 2019 conference without conceding that they were proper parties and reserved all defenses, including lack of personal jurisdiction as to Kathe and Theresa Sackler; counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch said in 2021, as reported in the press, that the family members on the board acted \"ethically and lawfully\".", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "david-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3fb3e26b3cb988ca470fc08d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The same complaint lists the defendants' offices in New York not-for-profit corporations. It describes Richard and Jonathan Sackler as trustees of the Sackler School of Medicine and officers of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation and the Richard and Beth Sackler Foundation Inc., and Beverly Sackler as a director, secretary and treasurer of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation; Mortimer D.A. Sackler as an officer of the Mortimer and Jacqueline Sackler Foundation and the Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation, Inc.; Kathe Sackler as an officer of the Shack Sackler Foundation and the Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation Inc. and a governor of the New York Academy of Sciences; and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt as a director of Columbia University and president of the Sackler Lefcourt Center for Child Development Inc. These are the offices the complaint states at its filing; they were not checked against the corporations' own filings, and this New York Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation is a different legal entity from the UK company of the same name.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c7eb53e2fc74877b758c242e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Courts have described the family's part in running Purdue while deciding other questions. The District Court's December 2021 decision states that evidence from the opioid multidistrict litigation showed family members heavily involved in decisions on how to market and sell opioids: certain of them, notably Richard Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Theresa Sackler, \"aggressively set and pushed sales targets for OxyContin that were higher than those recommended by Purdue executives\", went on \"ride along\" visits with sales representatives, approved \"countless settlements related to Purdue's culpable conduct\" and oversaw sales and marketing budgets; it adds that many family members held a role comparable to senior management before 2018. In its decision of 30 May 2023 the Second Circuit, citing the Bankruptcy Court, said the record tended to show that the Sacklers took a role in corporate decision-making \"more akin to the role of senior management\", as part of the identity of interests between the debtors and the family members sued chiefly as directors and officers. Both courts were deciding whether third-party releases could be approved, not claims against the family: the District Court records that the Sacklers do not concede the truth of Purdue's admissions in its 2020 plea and that the Bankruptcy Court made no findings on the merit of the estates' claims against any family member. On 27 June 2024 the Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit's judgment, holding by five votes to four that the bankruptcy code does not authorise such releases of claims against non-debtors without the affected claimants' consent, and the dissent in that decision states that neither the U.S. Government nor any State has brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually. Counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch had said in 2021, as reported in the press, that documents released in the bankruptcy show the family members on the board acted \"ethically and lawfully\".", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040", "src-085", "src-044", "src-039", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "william-harrington" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-77d9f0c5b94927b56ec00073", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The United States made specific allegations about four family members and the estate of a fifth. In Addendum A to its 2020 civil settlement agreement with Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler (the \"Named Sacklers\") it stated that they were not passive board members: Richard, Jonathan and Kathe Sackler at times kept offices at Purdue's headquarters; those three and Mortimer D.A. Sackler communicated directly with executives, including sales and marketing executives, on forecasts and strategies; and Richard, Mortimer D.A. and Kathe Sackler took part in employment decisions for the CEO and the sales and marketing leadership. It quoted a February 2011 memorandum calling the roles of board and management \"blurred\" and a 2017 remark by a senior Purdue executive that the board was serving as the \"de-facto\" CEO. These allegations were not tried; the agreement states that it is not an admission of liability and that the Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations of the covered conduct. They agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest, which the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement describes as already paid directly to the Justice Department outside the plan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-058fd7ae359989eb271c82c5", "kind": "analysis", "text": "State complaints made similar allegations. A March 2019 press report describes the complaint of Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey, one of the suits naming family members, as alleging that \"they directed deceptive sales and marketing practices deep within Purdue\" and as portraying the Sacklers as forceful board members intent on pushing the sales force to get doctors to prescribe more OxyContin at higher doses; it quotes an email in the complaint in which Richard Sackler wrote: \"We have to hammer on the abusers in every way possible. They are the culprits and the problem. They are reckless criminals.\" The complaint itself is not in the retained record and was not adjudicated there. According to the same report, Purdue Pharma denied the claims and moved to dismiss the suit, calling it \"replete with sensational and inflammatory allegations\". The suit was later stayed: in September 2019 the debtors sought a preliminary injunction in their adversary proceeding against the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and others (Adv. Pro. No. 19-08289), and the injunction the Bankruptcy Court issued and repeatedly extended stayed litigation against the debtors and against their current and former owners, officers and directors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-090", "src-015", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1178635f3572502074c97add", "kind": "analysis", "text": "A press report of April 2021 on a book by an investigative journalist adds two characterisations. It reports that Kathe Sackler, questioned in a sworn deposition by a class-action plaintiffs' lawyer, said the family had nothing to be ashamed of or apologise for and that she deserved credit for \"the idea\" of OxyContin, \"a very good medicine\"; the deposition and its date are not in the retained record, and the same report says that she and David Sackler, testifying remotely before Congress in December 2020, spoke words of sympathy but denied family culpability. The report also says that the Sacklers on Purdue's board \"escaped unscathed\" from the 2007 federal prosecution and that the book names Raymond Sackler and his sons Richard and Jonathan as the family members who drove OxyContin's aggressive marketing, and it notes that after Purdue's second federal guilty plea the relevant family members paid $225 million under the civil settlement without charges or admission. That is a characterisation, not a finding: in 2007 the corporate defendant that pleaded guilty was The Purdue Frederick Company, three of its executives pleaded individually, and, as the Supreme Court dissent of June 2024 records, no family member had been criminally charged individually.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-085", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "kathe-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4371ee33ca5ce65fdf33e9a9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Both branches answered the book in public. According to the same report, counsel for the Raymond Sackler branch told a US public radio network that the bankruptcy documents show the board members acted \"ethically and lawfully\", the statement quoted above, and criticised the author for refusing to meet family representatives, while a spokesperson for the Mortimer Sackler branch said its focus was \"on concluding a resolution that will provide help to people and communities in need, rather than on this book\". These are general answers to the book and the allegations, not responses to any specific claim.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-085" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "mortimer-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d074218f9165dc97d248aba9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Court decisions also trace how family members anticipated being sued. The District Court's December 2021 decision states that in May 2007, shortly after the guilty plea and settlements of that year, David Sackler emailed Jonathan Sackler, Richard Sackler and their financial adviser about the family's personal liability (\"Until suits get through to the family?\"), that he later agreed in deposition that his email of 17 May 2007 reflected concern that the family would be sued over Purdue's sale of OxyContin, and that less than a week later Richard and Jonathan Sackler met a bankruptcy attorney although Purdue was not in debt or at risk of bankruptcy. On 26 July 2007, the decision continues, a family financial adviser whom it does not name sent Jonathan Sackler a confidential memorandum warning of \"[u]ncapped liabilities\" that posed \"a huge valuation question\" and presuming that \"the family has taken most of the appropriate defensive measures\"; a separate memorandum proposed distributing more free cash flow so that the owners could buy diversifying assets. The Second Circuit's decision of 30 May 2023 quotes an undated email from David Sackler to Jonathan and Richard Sackler, \"We will be sued ... [A]sk yourself how long it will take these lawyers to figure out that we might settle with them if they can freeze our assets and threaten us\", without saying whether it is the May 2007 email. These passages recount the confirmation record and are not findings of liability.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "david-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-558b5651a50b7048609744e1", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two later emails are quoted in the litigation. Connecticut's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 quotes a February 2008 email in which Mortimer D.A. Sackler told Jonathan and Richard Sackler that the industry had become \"far too volatile and risky for a family to hold 95% of its wealth in\", that it was not prudent \"for us to stay in the business\", and that when a sale was last discussed in 2000 the family had chosen to keep Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. private \"as an investment platform in the pharma industry\"; the District Court describes a February 2008 email in which \"Mortimer Sackler\" wished to leave the business, without the middle initials, and a 2019 press report describes the email as written to his cousins. The same press report quotes Richard Sackler's 2014 email to his sons, filed as a court exhibit, that \"the shareholders departed from the practice of our industry peers and took the money out of the business\", and notes the New York Attorney General's allegation that the money went offshore to \"unknown trusts, partnerships, companies\"; the email itself is not in the retained record. The District Court records that the Sacklers vehemently deny that any of the transfers would qualify as fraudulent conveyances. It also records that family members' assets are held principally in purportedly spendthrift trusts in the United States and offshore, many in the Bailiwick of Jersey; the Second Circuit cites the Bankruptcy Court's finding that the assets are \"widely scattered and primarily held\" in such trusts, and the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement puts most of the wealth in dozens of U.S. and foreign-based spendthrift trusts. The distributions are set out on the payments page.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-003", "src-086", "src-044", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-48f2ab9f619b91c1f1bca59b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The family's fortune came largely from the company. The District Court noted that, in large part because of their pharmaceutical business, the Sacklers had long ranked on a business magazine's list of America's richest families and in 2015 were among the twenty wealthiest, with a reported net worth of $14 billion, a figure for the whole family rather than an asset value of Purdue Pharma L.P. or of any member. Jonathan Sackler, one of the owners and a former executive and board member, died on 30 June 2020 according to a court filing cited in a press report of 7 July 2020; Companies House records his resignation from the UK Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation on the same date, Colorado had named him personally as a defendant, and his estate signed the United States' civil settlement dated 21 October 2020 as one of the Named Sacklers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-092", "src-004", "src-022" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "jonathan-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-eeea0f20044c2ed5ee1dfc3b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The records state each member's position in the cases separately. According to the District Court's December 2021 decision, once discovery in the multidistrict litigation brought out family members' part in marketing OxyContin after 2007, complaints in many state cases were amended to name nine of them as defendants: Richard, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Kathe, Beverly, Theresa, Marianna and David Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt. Being named is not a finding of liability, and none of those cases reached judgment: on 11 October 2019 the Bankruptcy Court halted them, and on 6 November 2019 it enjoined actions against Purdue and related parties, including family members, an injunction the District Court affirmed. The five parties to the United States' 2020 civil settlement are named above. Under the 2025 plan, Exhibit X to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, filed on 1 May 2026, the plan's effective date, lists as A-Side release parties Theresa Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Samantha Hunt, and among the B-Side released parties Raymond and Beverly Sackler and Jonathan Sackler, each with his or her estate, and Richard and David Sackler, describing each B-Side member as a family member, trust beneficiary and current or former director, manager or officer of an entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain, without naming the entities or giving periods. The plan releases the estates' own claims against them, while their release from creditors' direct claims binds only creditors who opted in; being listed as a release party is not a finding about anyone's conduct.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "marianna-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "beacon-trust", "anthony-roncalli", "sackler-family", "raymond-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ac4b2d4193438b21ab16ddc3", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Independent associated companies (IACs) are the Sackler families' businesses that sit outside the debtor group. The District Court's decision of 16 December 2021 describes them as certain foreign companies ultimately owned by the family: Purdue Pharma L.P. manufactures OxyContin for itself and, in limited quantities, for some IACs and receives royalties on their sales of OxyContin abroad, and the IACs are not debtors. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 says the same and adds that the IACs are owned equally by the A-Side and B-Side families; neither record says which IACs buy OxyContin or pay royalties, or on what terms. In its factum of September 2021 in the Canadian recognition proceedings, Purdue Pharma L.P., as foreign representative, said that the IACs share their ultimate owners with the debtors but are not their subsidiaries and carry on independent business operations, the debtors' own characterisation rather than a court finding. The Special Committee's investigation, as the Disclosure Statement summarises it, considered potential veil-piercing claims on the theory that family members controlled and dominated the debtors and the IACs and operated them as a single enterprise; those theories were not adjudicated.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-a31ed2f2dafb0a6dabdd1902", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The settlement documents name the IACs. The United States' 2020 civil settlement with Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler releases from its civil monetary claims, besides family members and trusts, the Purdue parent entities and the \"Independent Associated Companies\" of its Addendum C, among them the Mundipharma companies (including Mundipharma International Limited, Mundipharma Limited, Mundipharma IT Services Limited and Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH), the Napp companies (including Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited and Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited), Euro-Celtique S.A., Bard Pharmaceuticals Limited, MN Consulting LLC, MNP Consulting Limited, One Stamford Realty L.P., Paineurope Limited and the Canadian companies Purdue Frederick Inc., Purdue Pharma Inc. (Canadian Company) and Purdue Pharma ULC. Exhibit X to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, filed in the bankruptcy case on 1 May 2026, classifies such companies as \"II-way\" entities, owned directly or indirectly by persons or trusts of both the Raymond Sackler and the Mortimer Sackler families in equal shares: in the United Kingdom the Napp companies, Paineurope, Qdem Pharmaceuticals, Bard Pharmaceuticals and Mundipharma companies such as Mundipharma International Limited, with The Napp Educational Foundation as a foundation; Euro-Celtique S.A. in Luxembourg; Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH in Germany; Purdue Pharma, Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma ULC in Canada; and MNP Consulting Limited, Avrio Health Inc. and Coventry Technologies L.P. in the United States. Both are release lists recording who is released, not findings about any company, and Avrio Health Inc. is distinct from the debtor Avrio Health L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "mundipharma-international-ltd", "mundipharma-limited", "mundipharma-it-services", "mundipharma-verwaltung", "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "euro-celtique", "bard-pharmaceuticals", "mnp-consulting", "one-stamford-realty", "paineurope", "purdue-canada", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "coventry-technologies", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-798692fbb3e13f0b3a062f69", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Canada is a separate Sackler-owned group despite its name. In the same factum the foreign representative said that products in Canada were sold and marketed by Purdue Canada, not by the debtors, and that Purdue Pharma has never manufactured, distributed, marketed, promoted or sold OxyContin in Canada, the debtors' position against Canadian claimants. The 2025 Disclosure Statement explains that Canadian entities called \"Purdue Pharma Inc.\" and \"Purdue Pharma\" are IACs and not the debtors of those names, so Canadian records using those names may refer to this group. On 17 May 2022 Purdue Canada agreed with 14 Canadian federal, provincial and territorial governments to pay CAD $150 million over seven years to settle a proposed British Columbia class action for healthcare costs against it and other opioid manufacturers and distributors, including Purdue Pharma L.P. and The Purdue Frederick Company; the settlement took effect on 22 May 2024 and Purdue Canada made the first payment on 21 June 2024.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-canada", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-23f1ead0950ea9f9db32b9b6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two IACs served Purdue directly. The debtors' Disclosure Statement describes One Stamford Realty L.P. (\"OSR\"), the counterparty to the lease of Purdue Pharma's headquarters, as an IAC that provided facilities and administrative services to Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc., and TXP Services Inc. (\"TXP\") as an IAC that provided them with accounting and other administrative services; Exhibit X lists both as II-way entities owned in equal shares through the two branches. At the Special Committee's direction the services agreements were renegotiated so that TXP and OSR no longer provide those services, though no date or payment figure is given. The Disclosure Statement adds that Purdue Pharma L.P. officers and employees who were also IAC directors, officers or employees gave up one of the roles, so that none held both on the petition date or during the Chapter 11 cases, and that under the Special Committee's supervision the debtors reviewed their agreements with the IACs and terminated, amended or documented them; it does not name the people or give dates.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "one-stamford-realty", "txp-services", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-74b07399eecdd07963b53bd2", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Family members sat on the boards of Napp, the family's UK pharmaceutical group, for more than two decades. Companies House's officer list for Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited (company 00884285) records eleven family directors, all appointed on 20 June 1995 except David Alex Sackler: Mortimer David Sackler until 24 March 2010, Raymond Raphael Sackler until 17 July 2017, Beverly Sackler and Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt until 17 October 2017, and Jonathan David, Kathe Anne, Mortimer David Alfons and Richard Stephen Sackler, Theresa Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt until 11 June 2018, with David Alex Sackler from 19 July 2012 to 11 June 2018. The register shows no earlier service and does not explain the common dates; Mortimer D. Sackler and Raymond Sackler died in 2010 and 2017, according to the District Court. At Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (03486244) the personal appointment records show Richard Sackler from 31 March 1999, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt from 5 April, Mortimer D.A. Sackler from 6 April and Kathe Sackler from 8 April 1999 and David Sackler from 19 July 2012, each until 11 June 2018, and Samantha Sackler Hunt from 7 May 1999 to 17 October 2017; filings of 6 August 2010 show Jonathan, Theresa and Raymond Sackler as directors at 31 July 2010, their own appointment and resignation dates not being in the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089", "src-017", "src-003", "src-012", "src-013", "src-076", "src-018", "src-019", "src-053" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-group", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "david-sackler", "napp-holdings" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4619836b05157c6ead2c4bd6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Directors of Purdue's general partner also sat on the Napp Holdings board. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025 states that Dr. Cecil B. Pickett, then a Purdue Pharma Inc. director since January 2010, previously sat on the boards of three IACs, MNP Consulting Limited (Delaware), Mundipharma Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (Germany) and Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd. (United Kingdom), and left each on or before 9 August 2018; Napp Holdings' filing history records both an appointment and a termination of his directorship on 18 August 2010, which it does not explain, and the start dates of his IAC seats are not in the retained record. The same filing history shows Judy Lewent and Peter Boer as directors at 31 July 2010 and records appointment filings for Paulo Ferraz Costa (27 April 2012), David Alex Sackler (24 July 2012) and Ralph Snyderman (2 August 2012), days after their Purdue Pharma Inc. directorships began on 25 April, 19 July and 1 August 2012 respectively; Peter Boer had joined that board on 18 April 2008 and Judith Lewent on 20 March 2009. The Napp filings carry no identifiers, so the match with the Purdue Pharma Inc. directors rests on names and dates; filing dates are not appointment dates, and their Napp resignation dates are not in the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-076", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "cecil-pickett", "mnp-consulting", "mundipharma-verwaltung", "napp-holdings", "purdue-pharma-inc", "judith-lewent", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "david-sackler", "ralph-snyderman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-11038d8f477ddf1340f1ab80", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two long-serving non-family directors connect Napp with the family's fiduciary structures. Companies House records Stuart David Baker as a director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited from 8 December 1994 to 31 December 2019 and of Napp Holdings at 31 July 2010, of MUNDIPHARMA IT SERVICES LIMITED from 27 April 2012 to 31 December 2019, of PAINEUROPE LIMITED from 6 January 2009 to 31 December 2019 and of MUNDIPHARMA LIMITED from 4 September 2014, the last two since dissolved, all companies whose names appear as IACs or II-way entities in the settlement lists. It records, in one officer record, Christopher Benbow Mitchell as a director of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited from before 31 July 1991 to 12 April 2018, of Napp Holdings at 31 July 2010, of The Sackler Trust from 17 September 2009 to 5 October 2019 and of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED from 28 June 2011 (see below). That they are the Stuart D. Baker and Christopher B. Mitchell named in a 2010 securities prospectus as directors of Beacon Trust Company Ltd., and for Baker the person Exhibit X lists as a director in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain and a trustee, rests on names and context.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089", "src-076", "src-084", "src-004", "src-058", "src-069", "src-070" ], "entity_ids": [ "stuart-baker", "napp-group", "napp-holdings", "mundipharma-it-services", "paineurope", "mundipharma-limited", "christopher-mitchell", "sackler-trust", "tradewhiz" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d32755a49c38bc307c852c74", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The family directors left Napp in 2017 and 2018. Of Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited's 25 officer records, 23 are resignations; the two directors shown as active on the undated officer page, as retrieved in October 2026, were appointed on 22 February 2019 and 1 January 2020 and have no other role in this record. Its company secretary was TIERCEL SERVICES LIMITED from before 31 July 1991 to 25 March 2008 and from 26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018, with CORNHILL SERVICES LIMITED from 25 March 2008 to 26 February 2009. Tiercel (company 01353477), a corporate secretary based at 80 Haymarket, London, was also secretary of Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited (19 December 1997 to 25 March 2008 and 26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018), Mundipharma International Limited and Bard Pharmaceuticals Limited (26 February 2009 to 11 June 2018), Paineurope Limited (1 January 2009 to 11 June 2018), other Napp and Mundipharma companies and Mundipharma Limited (from 1 January 2009, before its dissolution noted above); its 36 appointments also include companies with no evident Sackler connection. A shared company secretary is a service relationship and does not show common ownership or control.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-089", "src-071" ], "entity_ids": [ "napp-group", "stephen-johan-jamieson", "bryan-george-lea", "tiercel-services", "cornhill-services", "napp-holdings", "mundipharma-international-ltd", "bard-pharmaceuticals", "paineurope", "mundipharma-limited" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6f358c282a1dc8117ab69d84", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The family's UK charities are registered companies with family and fiduciary directors. In the registers as retrieved in October 2026, Companies House lists Dame Theresa Elizabeth Sackler as a director of The Sackler Trust (07022224) since 18 September 2009 and Anthony Collins since 20 June 2016, with four further directors appointed on 24 November 2009 who have no other role in this record; former officers include Dr Mortimer David Sackler (24 November 2009 to 24 March 2010), Christopher Benbow Mitchell (17 September 2009 to 5 October 2019) and Tiercel Services as secretary (17 September 2009 to 31 July 2022). For The Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation (company 06802998, charity 1128926) it lists Theresa Sackler as a director since 30 September 2009, and the Charity Commission register lists nine trustees, among them Dame Theresa Sackler, Dr Kathe Anne Sackler, Mortimer David Alfons Sackler, \"Mrs I Sackler Lefcourt\", \"Samantha Sophia Hunt\" and Anthony Collins, appointed on 17 October 2016; the register dates only his appointment, and the two quoted entries are matched by name to Ilene Sackler Lefcourt and Samantha Sophia Sackler Hunt. Tiercel was the foundation's secretary from 27 January 2009 to 31 July 2022. Anthony Collins is also registered as a trustee of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation, The Sackler Trust and two further Sackler charities, that is, of charities of both branches; the register shows no role for him in the IACs or in Purdue.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-069", "src-009", "src-031", "src-071" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-trust", "theresa-sackler", "anthony-collins", "mortimer-d-sackler", "christopher-mitchell", "tiercel-services", "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d56bc46d11f71d61e8f008a7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On the Raymond Sackler side, Companies House records Jonathan David Sackler (1 December 2009 to 30 June 2020) and Beverly Sackler (1 December 2009 to 14 October 2019) as directors of the UK company RAYMOND AND BEVERLY SACKLER FOUNDATION (06802985), which is distinct from the New York not-for-profit corporation of the same name; Jonathan Sackler's resignation date is the date of death reported for him in 2020. Theresa Elizabeth Sackler was a director of FORMULATION PRODUCTS LIMITED from 4 March 1999 and of TRADEWHIZ LIMITED from 24 January 2000, both since dissolved, and the register does not show what business either carried on; Tradewhiz's officer list also shows Christopher Benbow Mitchell as a director from 28 June 2011 and Mortimer David Sackler from 24 January 2000 to 24 March 2010, after formation agents had served from 20 December 1999. Tiercel Services was secretary of all of these: the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation from 27 January 2009 to 10 April 2025, The Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation from 27 January 2009 to 31 July 2022, The Sackler Trust from 17 September 2009 to 31 July 2022, Tradewhiz from 24 January 2000 and Formulation Products from 4 March 1999, a service shared by both branches' charities that is not evidence of common control.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-022", "src-023", "src-071", "src-092", "src-009", "src-070" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation", "jonathan-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "tiercel-services", "tradewhiz", "formulation-products", "theresa-sackler", "christopher-mitchell", "mortimer-d-sackler", "mortimer-theresa-sackler-foundation", "sackler-trust" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-877b2c0e28dd8515df4ef9fc", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Press reports describe further family holdings abroad. Reports of 2019 say that Rosebay Medical, the Raymond Sackler side's holding company above Purdue, is also the owner of record of Sackler companies from Poland to New Zealand according to those countries' registries and is run from an Oklahoma City office that manages many family holdings, and that the Italian business register lists the owners of Mundipharma's Italian branch, which began in 2005, as three Luxembourg companies and US-based Rosebay Medical Co., whose board, according to a 2017 SEC filing, included Richard and Jonathan Sackler; they add that Mundipharma, like Purdue, is owned by a network of trusts benefiting the Sacklers. The foreign registries are not in the retained record and the reports give no legal form for Rosebay: Rosebay Medical Company L.P. is the partnership in Purdue's ownership chain, and its general partner Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. had Richard and Jonathan Sackler on its board according to the New York complaint. A Mundipharma Europe spokesman said Mundipharma and Purdue have different managers and portfolios and do not share strategies. A 2019 press report also states that the 215 companies listed in Purdue's 2007 plea agreement did not include a number of companies used to manage property and investments for family members or their trusts, some offshore; the list is not in the retained record, and the 2007 plea was entered by The Purdue Frederick Company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-086", "src-107", "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "rosebay-medical-lp", "mundipharma-italy", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d51c8f5d77e5233ae358af5d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Leaked records add entries that cannot be tied to identified family members. A published database of leaked records of a Bermuda law firm, current through 2014, lists Merganser Limited, a Bermuda company incorporated on 14 December 1998 and closed on 1 October 2009, with shareholders recorded as \"Sackler - Mortimer D.\" (linked to Austria and the United States), \"Millbourne Trust Company Limited\" and Hillside Trust Company Limited, and links it to a \"Mundipharma Group\" node; it also lists \"Rosebay Medical Company LLC\" as a shareholder of Sheldrake Limited, incorporated in Bermuda a day later. The database is leaked data published by journalists, not a registry. The \"Sackler - Mortimer D.\" entry has no identifier and cannot be assigned to Mortimer D. Sackler, who died in 2010, or to Mortimer D.A. Sackler; \"Millbourne\" is not shown to be Millborne Trust Company Limited, trustee of the Hercules Trust; and the Rosebay LLC entry, with no jurisdiction or identifier, is not shown to be the Delaware partnership Rosebay Medical Company L.P., whose legal form differs. The database itself states that inclusion does not suggest illegal or improper conduct.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-075", "src-083", "src-003", "src-113" ], "entity_ids": [ "merganser", "database-sackler-mortimer-d", "millborne-trust", "hillside-trust", "mundipharma-group", "rosebay-medical-llc", "sheldrake" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0e01f88c413d6f0573fd0113", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Employees of one IAC were prosecuted abroad. A May 2019 press report on a corruption investigation in Parma says that two Mundipharma managers accepted plea bargains in January 2019 over allegations that they paid a doctor to help sell more drugs, and calls it the first known case outside the United States in which employees of the Sackler-owned group were criminally implicated. The managers' lawyer said the pleas were not an admission of guilt, and a Mundipharma Europe spokesman said the company did not admit wrongdoing and denied endorsing any message minimising addiction risks; company spokesmen said the payments were thought to be for legitimate consultancy and events, and an internal probe found violations of company policies but judged \"a significant part\" of the payments legitimate. According to the report, the company suspended and then dismissed the two managers, who received suspended sentences; Mundipharma's Italian branch accepted a plea bargain for failing to prevent the alleged activities and was fined 40,000 euros, and prosecutors withdrew a motion to suspend the company from government contracts after it revamped its policies. The case concerns the Italian branch and its managers, not Purdue Pharma L.P. or any family member; the managers are not named here and the Italian records are not in the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-107" ], "entity_ids": [ "mundipharma-italy" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7330dff05cc404e2c4e5f155", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Richard Stephen Sackler belongs to the Raymond Sackler side of the family (\"Side B\"). The District Court describes him as a son of Raymond Sackler, who was Purdue's co-chief executive with his brother Mortimer D. Sackler and died in 2017, and as the father of David Sackler and Marianna Sackler; his mother Beverly Sackler, Raymond's wife, and his brother Jonathan Sackler also sat on Purdue's board, and an online reference biography gives the same parentage. All of them had roles at Purdue (see the family page). The corporate ownership statement filed with Purdue's Chapter 11 petitions in September 2019 records that he and Jonathan Sackler, as trustees under a trust agreement of 5 November 1974, directly own 98% of Rosebay Medical Company L.P., a partnership in Purdue's ownership chain. Securities prospectuses of 2010 and 2017 name him as a director or officer of its general partner, Rosebay Medical Company, Inc., whose directors held voting and investment control over the partnership's holdings in the issuers concerned. In their 2020 settlement with the United States he and the other Named Sacklers are described as beneficiaries of trusts that indirectly own Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-027", "src-003", "src-001", "src-078", "src-025", "src-073", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "marianna-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "stephen-ives", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-500bd7840e2d4cbfd0afa064", "kind": "analysis", "text": "He was a director of Purdue Pharma Inc., the general partner that managed Purdue Pharma L.P., from 2 October 1990 to 24 July 2018, according to the tenure list in the United States' 2020 settlement; in a sworn declaration in the Massachusetts action he said he was never a director of Purdue Pharma L.P. and was no longer an employee or officer of either company after 15 May 2007. The District Court found that he was also president of Purdue from 2000 to 2003, co-chair of the board from 2003 to 2007 and chair from about 2008 until 2010 or 2011. State complaints give other periods: Connecticut's describes him as President and CEO from 1999 to 2003 after rising from assistant to the president in the 1970s, and names him as an inventor on dozens of patents relating to oxycodone and other pain medications, and New York's has him head of research and development from at least 1990 through 1999. These are complaint allegations, and an online reference biography dates his start to 1971. Outside Purdue, Companies House records him as a director of the UK IACs Napp Pharmaceutical Group Limited from 20 June 1995 and Napp Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited from 31 March 1999, both until 11 June 2018, and the District Court as a director of the IAC advisory board MNP/MNC until 2018.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-007", "src-003", "src-051", "src-027", "src-014", "src-089", "src-017", "src-012", "src-013", "src-076", "src-018", "src-019", "src-053" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp", "raymond-sackler", "napp-group", "mortimer-d-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "david-sackler", "napp-holdings", "mnp-mnc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c6dd34ce33ba578358d95d88", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Courts and governments have described his part in Purdue's decisions; none of these accounts is a judgment against him. The District Court named him, with Mortimer D.A. and Theresa Sackler, among family members who \"aggressively set and pushed sales targets for OxyContin\" above those recommended by Purdue executives, and records that at the 2021 confirmation hearing he acknowledged overseeing \"many settlements, both private and public\" as a director, including approval of Kentucky's $24 million settlement in 2015, and agreed that the board had transferred billions of dollars to family trusts and holding companies in 2008 to 2018 (\"Yes . . . yes, that we did\"); the Bankruptcy Court made no finding that the transfers were fraudulent conveyances, and the Sacklers vehemently deny that they were. According to the same decision he was one of nine family members named as defendants in state lawsuits, none of which reached judgment before the Bankruptcy Court halted and then enjoined them in October and November 2019. In Addendum A to its 2020 settlement the United States alleged that he at times kept an office at Purdue's headquarters, communicated directly with executives, took part in employment decisions for the CEO and sales leadership and in 2013 arranged a board meeting with a consulting company outside the presence of Purdue executives; the agreement itself alleges that, as a result of the conduct set out in Addendum A, the five Named Sacklers as a group knowingly caused false claims for OxyContin to be submitted to federal healthcare programs from 2013 to 2018. The Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations. A March 2019 press report quotes his email in the Massachusetts complaint: \"We have to hammer on the abusers in every way possible.\" A dissent in the Supreme Court's decision of June 2024 records that neither the U.S. Government nor any State had brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually, him included.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040", "src-085", "src-004", "src-015", "src-045", "src-090", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "marianna-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4f725998976e16b1cc6e153a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "His personal civil settlement is separate from Purdue's corporate plea. In October 2020 he, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest; the agreement is not an admission of liability, they deny the allegations, criminal liability is reserved, and the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement records the sum as already paid directly to the Justice Department outside the plan. Under the 2025 plan's shareholder settlement his obligations sit beside those of B-Side Payment Group 1, the Richard Sackler family payment group: a draft list filed before confirmation names him among its members, but the Bankruptcy Court later stated that he is not a party to the group in his individual capacity and that his own obligations are set out in Annex G, its credit-support annex. Under Annex G he pledged all the equity of his personal limited liability company, ABSG LLC, his shares in Sackler-controlled foreign companies, the related bank accounts and their proceeds, and kept control of his personal assets until the Master Disbursement Trust has first used the group's other collateral. Annex G also made the settlement's effectiveness subject to conditions, including the transfer of substantially all his assets to ABSG LLC and of about $4 million he had placed in trust for Lin Gao or another family member; whether each condition was met or waived is not shown. Exhibit X to the same agreement, filed on 1 May 2026, lists him among the B-Side released parties and describes him as a family member, trust beneficiary, current or former trustee, and current or former director, manager or officer of entities in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain and of a trust company, without naming them or giving periods.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015", "src-045", "src-042", "src-039", "src-087", "src-097", "src-058" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "beverly-sackler", "rosebay-medical-inc", "sackler-family", "master-disbursement-trust", "absg-llc", "lin-gao", "raymond-sackler", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-14932dec1966027431ad0adb", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Disputes over the Side B trusts led to a ruling against him. In early 2025, while settlement talks continued, he filed sealed litigation in Wyoming challenging the Side B trustees' authority and alleging that they were \"stripping\" his powers over certain family trusts; a stipulation of 1 August 2025 dismissed it without prejudice, imposed a 14-month litigation standstill after the plan's effective date and bound him and Lin Gao (the \"RSS Parties\") not to interfere with the settlement, and the Confirmation Order of 18 November 2025 kept those undertakings in force after counsel for each confirmed their agreement on the record on 14 November 2025. Days after the plan took effect on 1 May 2026 the RSS Parties filed four actions, a motion to revive the Wyoming litigation, a quiet-title affidavit and a lis pendens affecting property of a pledged trust, and a petition seeking trust income distributions to Richard Sackler, which the Side B trustees, joined by the Master Disbursement Trust, asked the Bankruptcy Court to stop. Richard Sackler and Lin Gao argued that the actions were permitted by the settlement agreement's reservation of rights and concerned an intra-family trust dispute. In a bench ruling of 21 August 2026, memorialised on 8 October 2026, Judge Sean H. Lane granted the motion in full, found it \"crystal clear\" that they had breached the Confirmation Order, the settlement agreement and the stipulation, and said he would award the trustees and the Master Disbursement Trust their reasonable fees and costs; the amount and any appeal are not in the retained record. The ruling also referred to earlier problems with his compliance, including his refusal to sign in time documents required for the plan to take effect, discussed at a hearing on 25 February 2026. Their own motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and the stipulation was set for hearing on 28 October 2026, after the retained records end, so its content and outcome are unknown.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087", "src-039", "src-020", "src-108" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust", "data-llc", "arit-investment-holdings", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f0c04ebf6a3332876c7313c9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The debtors commissioned their own count. AlixPartners, engaged by the debtors' counsel in April 2019 and working on behalf of the Special Committee of Purdue Pharma Inc.'s board, compiled a 355-page report of all cash transfers to the Sackler Families and Sackler Entities from 1 January 2008 to 30 September 2019, filed with the Bankruptcy Court on 16 December 2019 as the 1A Report. It counts approximately $10.347 billion of net cash distributions paid by Purdue Pharma L.P. and the Rhodes generic companies to or for the benefit of the family and its entities: $4.120 billion of cash distributions to Purdue Pharma L.P.'s partners, approximately $4.680 billion of tax distributions for the partners' benefit and approximately $1.547 billion earmarked for other Sackler entities. According to the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement the figures were essentially identical to the company's own earlier calculation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "alixpartners", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3fef2e98175d1e61dfbe4398", "kind": "analysis", "text": "A second AlixPartners report for the Special Committee, the 400-page 1B Report filed on 29 May 2020, catalogued Purdue Pharma L.P.'s non-cash distributions and other dealings with Sackler entities from 1 January 2008 to 15 September 2019, and the valuation firm Bates White assessed whether the partnership received fair value. In its professional judgment Bates White concluded that Purdue Pharma L.P. transferred significant value to the Sackler Families and Sackler Entities, including equity interests in businesses distributed in 2013 and 2014 and the 2017 assignment of the right to future royalties on non-abuse-deterrent formulations of OxyContin, and that some dealings were not at arm's length, in particular the below-market royalties Purdue received from family entities on OxyContin sales. These are a consultant's conclusions presented to the Special Committee and, on a common-interest basis, to the creditors' committee, not court findings, and the Disclosure Statement passage does not give the amounts Bates White estimated. The debtors expected the Sackler Parties to answer that certain asset transfers and off-market dealings reflected rational business planning or long-standing practice, such as distributions for tax purposes.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "alixpartners", "bates-white", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1456107605abcd6387d9e46a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Before 2008, by the debtors' own account, most of what Purdue distributed went to taxes. Answering a question from the District Court in 2021, the debtors acknowledged that distributions to the Sacklers from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2007 totalled $1.322 billion, of which $1.192 billion (90.2%) was used to pay taxes. The court found that in 1996–2007 Purdue passed on average 9% of its revenue a year to the Sacklers, who kept less than 10% of what they received, whereas in 2008–2016 it passed on average 53% and as much as 70%, of which the family retained 56% and used 44% for taxes; distributions rose from about 38% of free cash flow in 2006 to 167.4% in 2007 and stayed in the 90% range for the next decade, and the 2008–2016 distributions contrasted with the practices of Purdue's peer pharmaceutical companies. The court attributed the jump in absolute amounts to the end in 2008 of doubts about the validity of the OxyContin patent, which had capped Purdue's earnings until then.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7571fa84e5f0eac2303ea8cd", "kind": "analysis", "text": "For the years after 2007 the District Court's decision of 16 December 2021 put the money the Sacklers upstreamed out of the company in 2008–2017 at some $10.4 billion, of which about $4.6 billion paid pass-through taxes; it stated that over half went into offshore companies owned by the family or into spendthrift trusts and offshore entities, for example in the Bailiwick of Jersey, and that most of Purdue's 2008–2017 earnings came from OxyContin. According to the Sacklers' own expert, the court found, the new pattern drained Purdue's total assets by 75% and its 'solvency cushion' by 82% between 2008 and 2016; it cited Richard Sackler's 2014 email that the shareholders 'took the money out of the business' and a 2014 email in which Jonathan Sackler called the distribution of OxyContin cash flow a 'milking' program. The Supreme Court's 2024 opinion in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., drawing on the lower courts, describes family distributions of about $11 billion in 2008–2016 that drained 75% of Purdue's total assets, much of it diverted to overseas trusts and family-owned companies.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d0bf31b172f647e2634590ee", "kind": "analysis", "text": "What was disputed was whether any of the transfers was a fraudulent conveyance, not whether they were made. The District Court recorded that Judge Drain, confirming the 2021 plan, had before him an extensive report and declarations on 'assertedly over $11 billion of avoidable transfers' and acknowledged potential estate claims of that size without finding that any distribution was a fraudulent conveyance or could be recouped. It cited Richard Sackler's answer at the August 2021 confirmation hearing that the Purdue board had transferred billions of dollars to family trusts or holding companies in 2008–2018 ('Yes . . . yes, that we did'), and noted that the Sacklers vehemently deny that any of the transfers would qualify as a fraudulent conveyance.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-aadab1c76a2c71b50537389d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "A press report gave another total. Citing court documents, it said in December 2019 that the family transferred about $10.7 billion out of Purdue Pharma in 2008–2017, against $1.3 billion in 1995–2007. It does not explain its scope, and its total differs from the 1A Report's approximately $10.347 billion for Purdue and Rhodes from January 2008 to September 2019 and from the District Court's $10.4 billion for 2008–2017. Daniel Connolly, a lawyer for one branch of the family, was reported as saying that more than half of the money in the audit was 'paid in taxes and reinvested in businesses that will be sold as part of the proposed settlement.'", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-049" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "daniel-s-connolly" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d479b4d1ca3ac36bdd18878c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The court and the United States name holding entities as the recipients. The District Court found that of the money distributed from 2008 about 44% went to taxes, a small fraction into the independent associated companies owned by the family, and the rest to Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Beacon Company, the partnerships of the Raymond R. Sackler side (Side B) and the Mortimer D. Sackler side (Side A), which in equal parts own 99.5% of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s parent, Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. The United States' proof of claim, filed on information and belief and with approximate dates and amounts, lists the route in more detail: $50 million, $250 million and $199,012,182 to PLP Associates Holdings L.P. in 2008; smaller sums to PLP Associates Holdings Inc. and to Purdue Pharma Inc.; $100 million each to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. on 6 November 2008; payments to Purdue Holdings L.P., the former name of Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P., from September 2010 to September 2011, including $261,290,537 on 2 December 2010; and payments to BR Holdings Associates L.P. from December 2011 until a last $200,000 on 14 September 2017. It asserts that the family owns and controls the parent and the holding entities it names.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-038", "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "pra-lp", "sackler-family", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "purdue-pharma-inc", "br-holdings-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7212e71f05ffb5542fa34841", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two other accounts describe the 2008–2011 flows. Connecticut's Attorney General alleged in an amended complaint of 6 May 2019 against Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., eight family members and other directors and executives that the Sacklers authorised $275 million each for Rosebay Medical Company L.P. and Beacon Company in early November 2008 and a further $325 million soon after, $160 million and another $100 million in December 2010 through PLP Associates Holdings L.P. and BR Holdings Associates L.P., and $189.7 million, $200 million and $140.8 million in April, June and September 2011. No ruling on these allegations appears in the record, and their amounts and dates do not all match the United States' list, which shows the 2010–2011 payments going to Purdue Holdings L.P. A 2019 press report, citing company records made public in the Massachusetts Attorney General's case, describes a December 2010 board approval of $261.3 million passed through three layers of holding companies and split equally between Beacon and Rosebay, consistent with the $261,290,537 in the United States' list, and quotes Kathe Sackler answering 'I hope so ... I think so' when asked in a deposition whether money distributed in 2008–2011 reached accounts she controlled.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-086", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "plp-associates-lp", "br-holdings-lp", "sackler-family", "kathe-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-56b321977045ad57c4937d5d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Cash distributions to the Sackler Families ended in 2017, according to the debtors. In the same year Purdue Pharma L.P. lent $313 million to its parent, Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P., which repaid it before the September 2019 petition; a $1.7 million loan to an independent associated company was also repaid, and no loans to those companies remain outstanding. Reimbursement of officer and director legal fees owed to family members stopped on 1 March 2019, and certain family expenses from the preceding ten years were repaid.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-331b40efe94e88eb1ea2b693", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Besides cash, the United States asserts that Purdue transferred assets directly and indirectly to its parent PRA LP, which is not a debtor and is ultimately owned and controlled by entities owned by or for the benefit of the Sacklers. Its proof of claim lists Purdue's own accounting values: equity of Coventry Technologies, L.P. ($52,328,000, estimated date 1 January 2008); Infinity Pharmaceuticals stock ($21,160,000 at 31 December 2008, $11,830,000 on 7 January 2009 and $230,095,802 at 31 December 2013); equity of Millsaw Realty L.P. ($7,412,000, 1 January 2009); Kolltan Pharmaceuticals stock ($12,950,000 on 30 September 2009, and stock and cash of $2,170,802 at 31 December 2014); Novelos Therapeutics stock ($23,140,097, 28 February 2009); equity of Lucien Holdings S.ar.l. (negative $543,000) and New Suffolk Holdings LLP ($32,761,081), both in 2010; rights to non-abuse-deterrent OxyContin (value unknown) on 1 January 2017; and rights to Dilaudid ($16,966,491) and to MS Contin (value unknown) on 1 May 2017, for a stated total of $412,272,152. It asserts that many transfers were not fully documented or valued and, on information and belief, that they were made with intent to hinder creditors or without reasonably equivalent value. These are a creditor's assertions using Purdue's accounting values, not market values, and the listed items do not add up exactly to the stated total; the debtors expected the Sackler Parties to answer that such transfers followed rational business planning or long-standing practice, such as distributions for tax purposes.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pra-lp", "coventry-technologies", "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "millsaw-realty", "kolltan-pharmaceuticals", "novelos-therapeutics", "lucien-holdings", "new-suffolk-holdings" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5bc90725126ebbc25d2fc737", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Company filings show where some holdings went. Novelos Therapeutics' 2010 prospectus states that after financings completed on 11 February, 25 August and 10 November 2009 Purdue transferred its Novelos preferred stock, common stock and warrants to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., which it calls independent associated companies of Purdue; the United States instead lists Novelos stock valued at $23,140,097 as transferred to PRA LP on 28 February 2009, and the records do not reconcile the two. Celldex Therapeutics' 2017 resale prospectus shows Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. each holding 259,507 Celldex shares issued when Celldex completed its merger with Kolltan Pharmaceuticals on 29 November 2016, a deal in which Kolltan's investors received 18,257,996 shares worth a calculated $62.5 million; voting power lay with the board of Stanhope Gate Corp., Beacon Company's managing general partner, and the board of Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. (Richard S. and Jonathan D. Sackler). The prospectus does not say how the two came to hold Kolltan interests, and the records do not trace them to the Kolltan stock the United States says Purdue moved to its parent in 2009 and 2014. The debtors also state that around 1 January 2008 Purdue distributed its interest in Rhodes Tech's parent to an affiliate, moving Rhodes Tech into another Sackler ownership chain with the same ultimate owners.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025", "src-073", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "novelos-therapeutics", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp", "celldex-therapeutics", "kolltan-pharmaceuticals", "stanhope-gate", "rosebay-medical-inc", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f51243645cc836934e17c174", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The United States framed the transfers as part of civil claims against four family members and the estate of a fifth. In Addendum A to its 2020 civil settlement with Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler, under the heading 'The Fraudulent Transfer of Assets from Purdue', it contended that Purdue distributed $126 million in cash to family members and their holding companies and trusts in 1997–2007; that from 2008 to 2018 the Purdue board approved billions in cash distributions into family holding companies and trusts; that some of them were made to hinder future creditors or were otherwise avoidable as fraudulent transfers; and that Purdue did not fully document or value some transfers or receive reasonably equivalent value for them. The agreement is neither an admission of liability by the five nor a concession by the United States, and they expressly deny the allegations; the $126 million figure is not reconciled in the record with the debtors' acknowledgement of $1.322 billion for 1995–2007, of which $1.192 billion went to taxes. The five agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest, which the debtors record as already paid, and the United States released them and the transferees of funds distributed by Purdue from certain monetary claims, but the agreement does not release claims that the debtors' estates can bring, including fraudulent-transfer claims.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ecd06df71bca9968409feb72", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In its proof of claim of 30 July 2020 the United States, citing Purdue's own cash-transfers report of $10.4 billion of net distributions by Purdue and Rhodes from January 2008 to September 2019, asserts that apart from tax distributions Purdue approved more than $4 billion of cash distributions to family holding companies and trusts: about $751 million in 2008, $880 million in 2009, $846 million in 2010, $559 million in 2011, $406 million in 2012, $278 million in 2013, $118 million in 2014, $129 million in 2015 and $154 million in 2016, or $4.121 billion in all. These are a creditor's approximate figures; the 1A Report's own count of cash distributions to partners from January 2008 to September 2019 is $4.120 billion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4fd96a6719e71c75ff2598c9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The debtors expected the tax share to be disputed. According to their Disclosure Statement, Purdue Pharma L.P. has been treated as a pass-through entity for federal income tax since its formation on 12 June 1991, so its taxable income was reportable by its owners, and under agreements among the Sackler Parties it distributed amounts equal to the tax due at the highest rate of any shareholder; about $4.7 billion of the $10.4 billion in the 1A Report were tax distributions. The Disclosure Statement says the debtors would argue that tax distributions made while Purdue was insolvent could be recovered as transfers for less than reasonably equivalent value, and the Sackler Parties that the distributions let Purdue benefit from its partnership structure without entity-level tax, which at the 35% federal corporate rate of most of the period would otherwise have applied, although comparable companies had lower effective rates.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-aa9862052c451a53f04183ad", "kind": "analysis", "text": "When Judge Drain weighed the estates' claims in 2021, as the District Court summarised, he noted that over 40% of the purportedly avoidable transfers had paid federal and state taxes associated with Purdue that would not be refunded; that the Sacklers had technical defences such as statutes of limitations and the effect of prior settlements; that evidence suggested Purdue may not have been insolvent, unable to pay its debts or left with unreasonably small capital until as late as 2017 or 2018, by which time most or all of the transfers had been made; and that most family members had nothing to do with Purdue's operations and no one had identified anything they did as passive shareholders that would make them liable on alter-ego, veil-piercing or fiduciary-duty claims. He made no findings on the merits of the estates' claims against any family member.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5b83b5fb3b9cae83c166d8f7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Other figures describe the debtors' finances before the bankruptcy. According to the Disclosure Statement, Purdue Pharma L.P. paid about $342 million in settlements from 2008 through 2019, excluding patent and similar intellectual-property disputes, and its enterprise value exceeded the amounts it paid in settlements before the bankruptcy filing. A 2021 student case study, summarising the debtors' statement of financial affairs of 29 October 2019, which is not itself in the record, reports gross revenue of $999,694,017.44 from the start of fiscal 2019 to the petition, non-business revenue printed as '$202, 212,170', and $333,635,947 of payments to creditors of more than $6,425 in the 90 days before the filing, mostly for professional services; the figures are as printed in the study.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f6bbd59173dd4e70e9c39daa", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The debtors judged a suit against the family possible but uncertain. Their 2025 Disclosure Statement says that the federal claims resolved through the DOJ Resolution would, taken at face value, support insolvency before the petition, though the documents do not show how liability accrued over time; that documents could be used to argue that from 2007 family members and directors saw substantial legal risk in opioid sales and discussed diversifying the family's wealth by distributing Purdue's assets; and that cash distributions rose sharply from 2008, soon after the 2007 federal and state settlements. It expected the Sackler Parties to answer that they thought the risks manageable, that distributions tracked rising revenue, profits and cash, that family members at times reinvested instead and that some transfers followed business planning or long-standing practices such as tax distributions; intent would have to be proved transfer by transfer, probably by clear and convincing evidence, and the record shows no ruling on these claims. Under the 2021 plan the Shareholder Released Parties had agreed to contribute $4.325 billion in exchange for releases, but in 2024 the Supreme Court held that the bankruptcy code does not authorise a release and injunction that discharges claims against a non-debtor without the affected claimants' consent. Under the plan the Bankruptcy Court confirmed in November 2025, in a modified bench ruling dated 20 November 2025, the Sackler Parties will pay up to $7 billion over fifteen years to settle both the debtors' claims against them and the direct claims of creditors that elect to settle.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-003", "src-040", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b01e9f69ada8afa26fb98338", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Evidence on the transfers was also heard before the 2025 plan was confirmed. In its modified bench ruling of 20 November 2025 the Bankruptcy Court recorded the testimony of the debtors' witnesses at the 12 November hearing, admitted without objection: Mark Rule analysed 37 pre-petition transfers worth some $1.4 billion between the debtors and the Sacklers and concluded that the Sacklers had not provided reasonable value; Richard Collura, who led the AlixPartners team for the Special Committee, described his independent investigation of possible fraudulent-transfer claims against the Sacklers; and John Dubel described the Special Committee's investigation of the debtors' claims against the Sackler Parties.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "alixpartners", "john-dubel" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-919e4f9db4b3b7d65a7c25d7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Before 2004 profits also moved between group companies. An Internal Revenue Service special agent's 2007 declaration, attached to The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc.'s plea agreement in support of a forfeiture complaint against that company, states that from 1995 to 30 September 2004 The Purdue Pharma Company, a general partnership owned by and co-located with The Purdue Frederick Company and Purdue Pharma L.P., distributed about $2,854,760,301 of profits, including OxyContin proceeds, by wire transfers between Purdue accounts at JP Morgan Chase to those two owners, OxyContin making up as much as 90% of receipts. This is a government investigator's sworn account, and the transfers it describes were between group companies, not payments to family members. In the plea agreement The Purdue Frederick Company agreed to the filing of the forfeiture complaint and to acknowledge the settlement sum as proceeds of a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1957 or as forfeitable property, and $276,100,000 was to be forfeited in cash to settle the complaint.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-201fe5155bea578469027ca6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "According to the debtors' July 2025 Disclosure Statement, Purdue Pharma L.P., a Delaware limited partnership based in Stamford, Connecticut, with Purdue Pharma Inc. as general partner, was the main operating entity of a group with two businesses: branded prescription medicines, opioid and non-opioid, carried on mainly by Purdue Pharma L.P. and its subsidiaries other than the Rhodes companies, and generic medicines developed and distributed by Rhodes Associates L.P. and its subsidiaries. Its petition of 15 September 2019 states that it directly owned 100% of Purdue Transdermal Technologies L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P., Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P., Adlon Therapeutics L.P., Imbrium Therapeutics L.P., Greenfield BioVentures L.P., Nayatt Cove Lifescience Inc., Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P., Rhodes Associates L.P., Avrio Health L.P., Seven Seas Hill Corp. and Ophir Green Corp., and 99% of Purdue Neuroscience Company, whose other 1% Purdue Pharma Inc. held; Rhodes Associates L.P. owned Rhodes Technologies, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. and Paul Land Inc., and Rhodes Technologies owned UDF L.P. and SVC Pharma Inc. The debtors count 22 operating and non-operating subsidiaries in the United States and the British Virgin Islands; most of the debtors are managed by a single board and wholly owned by the same ultimate owners, trusts for the descendants of Mortimer and Raymond Sackler. By July 2025 the debtors employed about 439 people, about 40% fewer than at the petition and 76% fewer than in 2017 (the sale of the Coventry ingredients plant alone reduced headcount by about 120, many of whom received offers from the buyer), and had no funded debt, no material past-due trade debt and no judgment creditors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "rhodes-associates", "sackler-family", "purdue-transdermal-technologies", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "adlon-therapeutics", "imbrium-therapeutics", "greenfield-bioventures", "nayatt-cove-lifescience", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "avrio-health", "seven-seas-hill", "ophir-green", "purdue-neuroscience", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "paul-land", "udf-lp", "svc-pharma-inc", "noramco-coventry" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6c9e4a44038dfdc9ad0b63e4", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In the early 1980s Purdue developed its first controlled-release morphine drug, marketed as MS Contin, the District Court recorded. Its three principal branded opioids were OxyContin, an extended-release oxycodone tablet approved by the FDA in 1995 and launched in 1996, whose abuse-deterrent reformulation was approved and launched in 2010; Hysingla ER, an abuse-deterrent extended-release hydrocodone tablet approved in 2014 and launched in 2015; and Butrans, a seven-day buprenorphine patch approved in 2010 and launched in 2011. The Purdue debtors made OxyContin and Hysingla themselves and, in limited amounts, OxyContin for foreign independent associated companies ultimately owned by the Sackler families, which paid Purdue Pharma L.P. royalties on sales outside the United States; Butrans was made by a third party, LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme AG. A 2018 patent settlement lists the 'Purdue Products' as OxyContin, Butrans, Hysingla ER, Intermezzo, Senokot, Colace, Betadine, SlowMag, Symproic, Dilaudid and MS Contin.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-015", "src-010" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "lts-lohmann-therapie-systeme", "sackler-family", "assertio-therapeutics" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-87ae7d6fe3fdf26def3a29b3", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Company announcements describe later non-opioid work. A June 2017 announcement by the board of the Purdue/Napp/Mundipharma network, appointing Craig Landau chief executive of Purdue Pharma L.P., credited the departing Mark Timney, in office since 2014, with a collaboration with AnaBios on non-opioid pain compounds, the purchase of VM-902A and the TrkA pain program from VM Pharma, a $790 million research collaboration with Exicure on psoriasis, a collaboration with Eisai on lemborexant and an alliance with Shionogi to launch Symproic (naldemedine) in the United States; the agreements themselves are not in the record. A March 2019 press report of company announcements said the FDA had approved Adhansia XR, an extended-release methylphenidate capsule for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients aged six and older, made by the new subsidiary Adlon Therapeutics, whose general manager Marcelo Bigal was also Purdue's chief medical officer, shortly after another subsidiary, Imbrium Therapeutics, received an orphan drug designation for a bile-duct cancer treatment; both were based in Purdue's building at 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-074", "src-050" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "vm-pharma", "anabios", "exicure", "eisai", "shionogi", "adlon-therapeutics", "imbrium-therapeutics", "marcelo-bigal" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-efdb7bd75f827e3aeb8b11e6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "OxyContin provided most of the revenue. The District Court's December 2021 decision records that by 2001 annual OxyContin sales had reached $1 billion, bonuses to sales representatives for OxyContin had grown from $1 million in 1996 to $40 million, and the drug was the most prescribed brand-name narcotic in the United States. It put Purdue's revenue for 1996–2019 at about $34 billion, mostly from OxyContin sales, a total the Supreme Court quoted in 2024, and stated that before the bankruptcy OxyContin made up some 91% of Purdue's U.S. revenue. An IRS special agent's sworn 2007 declaration supporting the forfeiture complaint against The Purdue Frederick Company states that the FDA approved OxyContin on 12 December 1995, that its sales were booked by The Purdue Pharma Company until that partnership ended on 30 September 2004 and then by Purdue Pharma L.P., of which Purdue Frederick then became an owner, and that gross OxyContin sales from 1995 to June 2006 were about $10.2 billion, or $8.4 billion net of rebates and discounts. A 2010 WIPO panel decision recites, from Purdue's own submission in an uncontested domain-name case that the panel did not test, that OxyContin was the eighth best-selling U.S. drug, with sales of over $3 billion in 2009.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040", "src-105", "src-036" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-646ed76a8c38dfb8308c62f9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Other speakers gave larger or narrower totals. The majority staff of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform wrote in December 2020, citing outside sources, that Purdue had generated more than $30 billion in OxyContin sales since 1996 and that the family had withdrawn more than $10 billion; this is a staff statement, not a finding of the committee. Connecticut's Attorney General alleged in 2019, from public information, revenue of about $3 billion a year, more than $35 billion since OxyContin's 1995 release and a June 2010 ten-year plan under which the Sacklers stood to receive at least $700 million a year through 2020, and Rhode Island's Attorney General alleged in 2022 that annual OxyContin sales had ranged from $2 billion to $3 billion since 2009; these unaudited pleading figures differ from the court's $34 billion. In Addendum A to its 2020 settlement with four family members and an estate the United States contended that Purdue's 2010–2018 profits were almost entirely driven by OxyContin, that an 11 April 2012 budget presentation to the board showed federal health programs providing over 30% of OxyContin revenue, and that a presentation by the chief financial officer to the board around 20 June 2011 cut the OxyContin sales forecast from $3.9 billion to $2.8 billion after the reformulation. The agreement admits no liability and concedes nothing for the United States, the five expressly deny the allegations, and they agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-037", "src-051", "src-055", "src-004", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-321e7ed394156cd9276a5c53", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Production and research sites moved over time. The federal Information filed against Purdue Pharma L.P. in New Jersey on 24 November 2020 states as background that it ran a non-clinical research facility in Cranbury from about February 2002 to July 2017 and leased a smaller one in Princeton from about March 2017 to September 2019, and that from at least 2002 through the first half of 2015 it sold OxyContin tablets made by The P.F. Laboratories Inc. at Totowa, with overflow offices in West Paterson from about 2005 to 2010. These are background statements in a charging document about facilities rather than conduct; the District Court records that Purdue pleaded guilty to that Information in November 2020.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pf-laboratories" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1d34c317d6b71ac447b451f6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "For oral solid doses Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. built a new plant in Durham, North Carolina. KBR announced on 9 July 2014 that its subsidiary KBR Building Group had won the contract for the 188,000-square-foot plant on a 51-acre site in Treyburn Corporate Park, having done construction work for Purdue Pharma Manufacturing before; the contractor's release states no contract value. A construction-industry award listing of 1 November 2016 names Purdue Pharma Manufacturing LP as owner of the two-storey plant, with floors of 128,000 and 60,000 square feet and about 46,000 square feet of offices and laboratories, SSOE Inc. as lead designer and engineer, McKee Building Group as program manager and BE&K Building Group, not KBR Building Group, as general contractor; the trade account does not explain the difference between the two contractors.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-063", "src-082" ], "entity_ids": [ "kbr-building-group", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing", "ssoe", "be-k-building-group", "mckee-building-group" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-85cd4726b6e1bca25ac744de", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Rhodes Technologies ran an ingredients plant on Washington Street in Coventry, Rhode Island, which a Rhode Island permit notice of 25 March 2015 describes as making active pharmaceutical ingredients for finished-dose medicines and which originally made oxycodone for OxyContin. The debtors chose to outsource these ingredients and, during the bankruptcy, sold the plant. A 2021 student case study, drawing on the sale motion and order, which are not themselves in the record, reports a competitive sale to Noramco Coventry LLC on condition of a supply agreement of at least seven years with two two-year renewals at the debtors' option, approved without any objection being filed. The debtors' Disclosure Statement records the asset purchase agreement of 14 September 2020 between Rhodes Technologies, Noramco Coventry LLC as buyer and Noramco LLC as guarantor, the Bankruptcy Court's order of 1 October 2020 approving the sale and a supply agreement with Noramco LLC, and closing on 31 December 2020.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-079", "src-059", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-technologies", "purdue-pharma-lp", "noramco-coventry" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-930701ee70ab880712f1ee3f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In New York, Purdue Pharma L.P. and Millsaw Realty L.P. filed parallel protest petitions in October and November 2004 against the rezoning of a 7.45-acre parcel on Route 9A in Hastings-on-Hudson sought by the developer Saw Mill Lofts, LLC. Because the petitions required a 4-1 majority, the local law on which the village board voted 3-2 on 5 October 2004 was not filed until the board announced on 27 September 2005 that both had unconditionally withdrawn them.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-072" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "millsaw-realty" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8db362378d4dc3ae1404c61b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Rhodes generic companies were not always Purdue subsidiaries. According to the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement, Rhodes Tech (or its predecessor) was a Purdue Pharma L.P. subsidiary until, on or around 1 January 2008, Purdue distributed its interest in Rhodes Tech's parent to an affiliate, moving it into another Sackler ownership chain with the same ultimate owners, alongside Rhodes Pharma, created in 2008. The two had their own boards until May 2019, although some of their directors were also Purdue directors or officers, and in May 2019 they were contributed to Purdue Pharma L.P. From 2017, the same document states, Rhodes Pharma sold the MS Contin and Dilaudid brands contributed to it by Purdue and an authorized generic of Butrans under a profit share.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-50e2c9efdf8f8f28e2b868c7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "State complaints describe other structures. New York's Attorney General alleged in a complaint filed in Suffolk County on 13 September 2019 that the Sacklers formed Rhodes while Purdue was under federal investigation; that Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. and Rhodes Technologies were each wholly owned by Coventry Technologies L.P. and ultimately by trusts for the family, with Rhodes Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Rhodes Technologies Inc. as their general partners; that a former senior manager called Rhodes a 2007 'landing pad' for the family; and that Rhodes began selling generic opioids in 2009. Rhode Island's Attorney General alleged in March 2022 that Rhodes Technologies Inc., general partner of Rhodes Technologies, was a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma L.P.; that Coventry Technologies L.P., whose general partner is Purdue Pharma Inc., was the sole limited partner of Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.; and that Rhodes made authorized generics of OxyContin and Butrans and the active ingredient of OxyContin. These are pleadings. The New York structure matches the separate chain the debtors place between 2008 and May 2019 rather than the one in the petition; the Rhode Island account describes the structure as pleaded in 2022, and the United States lists Coventry Technologies equity among the assets Purdue moved to its parent with an estimated date of 1 January 2008. The debtors' account is that Rhodes Tech left Purdue around 1 January 2008, came under common ownership with Rhodes Pharma, created that year, and that both were contributed to Purdue Pharma L.P. in May 2019; at the 15 September 2019 petition Rhodes Associates L.P., wholly owned by Purdue Pharma L.P., directly owned 100% of Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-015", "src-001", "src-055", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "coventry-technologies", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals-inc", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3575b7d0a460bdb279687dbe", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Rhodes Technologies Inc. also appears as a creditor: Purdue Pharma L.P.'s list of its 50 largest unsecured creditors filed with the September 2019 petition includes it, at 201 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, for services fees that the scanned list renders as '51,034,782', most likely $1,034,782; the amount rests on an optical transcription of the scan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rhodes-technologies-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d8327b8916f2869ab4a807c6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In November 2008 Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P., acting through its general partner Purdue Pharmaceutical Products Inc. and that company's senior vice president for licensing and business development, James J. Dolan, formed an alliance with Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., effective 19 November 2008, to develop and sell FAAH products in the United States. Infinity's announcement of 20 November added Mundipharma International Corporation Limited as partner for oncology products outside the United States and said that 'Purdue' had bought four million Infinity shares for $45 million at $11.25 each, that the partners would invest a further $30 million in shares and warrants and that Purdue would provide a $50 million credit line. The announcement does not say which Purdue entity invested. Richard Sackler, a director of Purdue Pharma Inc. until 24 July 2018, stated in a March 2019 declaration supporting his motion to dismiss the Massachusetts Attorney General's complaint that Purdue Pharma L.P. had an investment in Infinity that ended in about 2013 and entered into a securities purchase agreement with Novelos Therapeutics in 2009, describing Infinity as a cancer-treatment company and Novelos as a developer of cancer and hepatitis treatments, neither involved with opioids; his account is consistent in part with the companies' SEC filings, and the United States lists Infinity stock among assets Purdue transferred to its parent PRA LP.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-024", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "infinity-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "james-dolan", "mundipharma-international-corp", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "novelos-therapeutics" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2b50dd7e5c146c93118fd12e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Novelos Therapeutics' 2010 prospectus records that investment: on 11 February 2009 Novelos sold Purdue Pharma, L.P., which it described as an independent associated company of Mundipharma, 200 Series E preferred shares with warrants for up to 9,230,769 common shares at $0.65 for $10,000,000 (about $9,200,000 net), alongside a collaboration agreement with Mundipharma, and after further financings on 25 August and 10 November 2009 Purdue transferred its Novelos preferred stock, common stock and warrants to Beacon Company and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. The United States instead lists Novelos stock valued at $23,140,097 as moved to PRA LP on 28 February 2009; the two records name different recipients and are not reconciled.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-025" ], "entity_ids": [ "novelos-therapeutics", "purdue-pharma-lp", "beacon-company", "rosebay-medical-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4ac04242585b90e3c3d92e60", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue litigated its OxyContin patents. A settlement agreement of 28 August 2006 records that Purdue Pharma L.P. (on its own behalf and as successor to The Purdue Pharma Company), The Purdue Frederick Company Inc., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. and Euro-Celtique S.A. owned U.S. patents 5,549,912, 5,508,042 and 5,656,295 on controlled-release oxycodone including OxyContin, and ended their litigation in the Southern District of New York with Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc. over Endo's application to sell generic OxyContin (ANDA No. 75-923). The Federal Circuit had vacated a judgment that the patents were unenforceable for inequitable conduct and affirmed that Endo infringed them; the parties settled with a consent judgment, a patent licence agreement and mutual releases.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-046" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-company", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "euro-celtique", "endo-pharmaceuticals", "endo-pharmaceuticals-holdings" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d5511df999a01d101c823a09", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue also paid to settle. Under an agreement dated 28 August 2018, Purdue Pharma L.P., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. and Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. ended Depomed, Inc. v. Purdue Pharma L.P. (D.N.J. No. 3:13-cv-00571) with Assertio Therapeutics, Inc., formerly Depomed, agreeing that one or more of them would pay $30 million on signing and $32 million by 1 February 2019 as a settlement of royalties for use of Assertio's patents, with no admission of liability, infringement or validity by either side. Jon Lowne signed as VP, CFO for both partnerships through their general partner Purdue Pharma, Inc., and Edward B. Mahony as VP, Finance for The P.F. Laboratories.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-010" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "pf-laboratories", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "assertio-therapeutics", "purdue-pharma-inc", "jon-lowne", "edward-mahony" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5414197431887bb7680c2c82", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. also defended its trademark. A WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center decision of 4 December 2010 records that it is the registered owner of at least two OXYCONTIN marks, U.S. Registration No. 2004586 of 1996 and No. 2033914 of 1997, and orders four domain names containing 'oxycontin' transferred to it from an unaffiliated individual registrant who filed no substantive response.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-036" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-46dd321ccce72bcb365214ae", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two chief executives described business ties in sworn declarations supporting their motion to dismiss the Massachusetts Attorney General's complaint. Craig Landau, who stated that he had been chief executive since June 2017 and was earlier chief medical officer and head of clinical development, said that Purdue's agreements with the Massachusetts company Analgesic Research, which he signed in that role, concerned only the clinical development of Butrans and Hysingla, such as trial design, risk mitigation and materials for FDA applications, and not their marketing; he added that he did not negotiate the contracts or meet the company in Massachusetts and that other departments negotiated them. The agreements themselves are not in the record. John Stewart, chief executive from June 2007 to December 2013, stated that Purdue had to stop funding a Massachusetts General Hospital pain programme grant when it lost OxyContin patent protection and its revenue fell, and was asked to discuss resuming support once protection was restored; he said the Commonwealth's description of the grant as aimed at increasing opioid prescriptions did not match his understanding of its goal while he was chief executive. The available copy of his declaration is a spaced-out optical transcription.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-011", "src-033" ], "entity_ids": [ "craig-landau", "purdue-pharma-lp", "analgesic-research", "john-stewart", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3cdbf1f1c2753f26614aac0f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The debtors also sold their consumer business. A May 2023 press report states that Bankruptcy Judge Sean Lane, at a hearing in White Plains, approved the sale of Purdue's consumer health business, Avrio Health, which according to court documents sold over-the-counter antiseptics and laxatives and had never been involved in Purdue's opioid business, to a subsidiary of Arcadia Consumer Healthcare for $397 million; the report does not name the subsidiary, and the order and purchase agreement themselves are not in the record. The debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement records an asset purchase agreement of 4 April 2023 for the sale of substantially all of Avrio's assets to Atlantis Consumer Healthcare Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcadia Consumer Healthcare, Inc., which guaranteed Atlantis's obligations; the Bankruptcy Court's order approving the sale, entered on 30 May 2023; and closing on 1 June 2023. It says that Avrio Health L.P. is now known as Purdue Products, L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-048" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "avrio-health", "arcadia-consumer-healthcare" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b3cbcac6768312a2e0a341e4", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Official records and a research report describe Purdue's political activity. Federal Election Commission records show the PURDUE PHARMA INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PURDUE PAC), committee C00370643, registered on 17 December 2001 as a qualified corporation PAC and lobbyist/registrant PAC; from 1 January to 16 September 2019 its cash fell from $43,894.25 to nil, with receipts of $2,750.32 and disbursements of $46,644.57, including $5,000 to other committees and four September payments of $10,000 to $10,500 to charities. An April 2019 report by a campaign-finance research organisation, compiled from federal lobbying and campaign-finance disclosures that are not in the record, states that Purdue Pharma's spending on congressional lobbying rose from $940,000 in 2017 to $1.12 million in 2018, that nine of its ten lobbyists in 2018 had previously worked in government and that the PAC gave almost only to Republican candidates, raising $35,679 and spending $20,733 in the 2018 cycle; the report calls it Purdue Pharma's PAC, while the FEC registers it under Purdue Pharma Inc.'s name. Craig Landau told the House Oversight Committee on 17 December 2020 that in the bankruptcy Purdue had agreed in a voluntary injunction to continue to refrain from lobbying for laws that might be read as encouraging opioid prescribing for pain, the New York Attorney General announced on 1 May 2026 that the successor, Knoa Pharma, will be barred from lobbying and advertising its opioid products, and the FEC lists the committee as terminated.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-114", "src-095", "src-100", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-pac", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-aa18bd070c463846b153b9f8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The District Court for the Southern District of New York, in its decision of 16 December 2021, recounted that the FDA approved OxyContin in December 1995 and in 2001 required Purdue to remove from the label the claim that the drug had a very low risk of iatrogenic addiction and to add instead the highest level of safety warning the FDA can place on an approved product; the court used 'Purdue' for the debtor group and did not say which Purdue company held the approval. By 2001, the court added, plaintiffs had begun individual and class actions against Purdue in state and federal courts, including the Southern District of New York and the Supreme Court of the State of New York. Class certification was generally refused; after five New York cases were sent to a coordinating panel in 2005, 1,117 further suits were filed and coordinated, and settlement efforts followed in 2006–2007. Members of the Sackler family were not named as defendants in that first wave.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b615b24e66e3ae2d77fda538", "kind": "analysis", "text": "According to a 2020 press report, an internal Department of Justice memorandum of 6 October 2006 titled 'Proposed Indictment of Purdue Pharma LP', written by Kirk Ogrosky, then deputy chief of the Fraud Section, recommended indicting the company for mail fraud, wire fraud, money laundering and conspiracy and charging the executives Michael Friedman, Paul Goldenheim and Howard Udell with felonies; the report says the memorandum described a conspiracy that 'began in October of 1992 and continues to date' and stated that the three had lied to Congress, whereas DOJ's public filings ended the conduct in 2001. A December 2020 memorandum of the majority staff of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform likewise said that DOJ reportedly declined prosecutors' recommendation to indict the three executives on felony charges. The memorandum itself is not in the retained record, and Purdue told the reporter it had nothing to add. What followed was narrower: in May 2007 The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. pleaded to a single felony misbranding count for conduct from about December 1995 or January 1996 to 30 June 2001, the executives pleaded to misdemeanours, and Purdue Pharma L.P. was not charged; according to the report the government limited Purdue's exposure on deceptive marketing to the six years from 1996 to 2001 and left false testimony to Congress out of the deal.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-106", "src-037", "src-052" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "michael-friedman", "paul-goldenheim", "howard-udell", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3c1e9b363d842c671043fde1", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The same report said that none of the three executives had run Purdue during the years of the alleged crimes, naming Raymond Sackler and, from 1999, Richard Sackler as Purdue's presidents without saying which company they led, and that the three 'non-Sackler executives' pleaded guilty as individuals, agreed to pay a total of $34.5 million in fines and were given probation. The retained plea records itemise the executives' personal payments as $19 million, $8 million and $7.5 million to Virginia's Medicaid Fraud Control Unit plus a $5,000 fine each, and do not include their sentencing judgments.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-106", "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler", "richard-sackler", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-39840e0091b08fd7d5af15b9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The case was brought in the Western District of Virginia, Abingdon Division, as United States v. The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. (No. 1:07-cr-00029). The Information charged the company, doing business as The Purdue Frederick Company, in Count One with felony misbranding of OxyContin with intent to defraud or mislead under 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a), 352(a) and 333(a)(2), and charged Michael Friedman, Howard R. Udell and Paul D. Goldenheim in Count Two with misdemeanour misbranding under 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a), 352(a) and 333(a)(1) as senior executives and responsible corporate officers between about January 1996 and 30 June 2001; Purdue Frederick waived indictment. By written consent dated 4 May 2007 the corporation's sole director approved the Agreed Statement of Facts, the plea agreement, a stipulation for compromise settlement, an agreed order of forfeiture and a civil settlement agreement among the United States, the corporation and Purdue Pharma L.P., and authorised its Vice President Robin E. Abrams to execute them. She signed the plea agreement and the Agreed Statement as Purdue Frederick's Authorized Corporate Officer, describing herself as its Vice-President and Director and as Vice-President and Associate General Counsel of Purdue Pharma L.P.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105", "src-052", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "purdue-pharma-lp", "robin-abrams" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3cd008a7f6eee74437883f7d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 10 May 2007 The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. pleaded guilty to Count One, stating in its plea agreement that it was pleading guilty 'because PURDUE is in fact guilty' and agreeing that everything in the Information was true and correct. Purdue Pharma L.P. joined the civil settlement and was named with Purdue Frederick as a possible payer, but did not plead guilty. In the Agreed Statement of Facts the company accepted that from about 12 December 1995 to 30 June 2001 certain of its supervisors and employees, with intent to defraud or mislead, promoted OxyContin as less addictive, less subject to abuse and diversion and less likely to cause tolerance and withdrawal than other pain medications; the statement describes Purdue Frederick as a New York corporation headquartered in Connecticut, created in 1892 and bought by its current owners in 1952, which developed and first marketed OxyContin and received about $2.8 billion from its sales between January 1996 and 30 June 2001. When the charges were announced Purdue emphasised, according to a later press report, that the conduct took place 'nearly six years and longer ago', when some employees made or told others to make certain statements about OxyContin to some health care professionals. Judge James P. Jones approved the plea agreement in July 2007; HHS-OIG excluded Purdue Frederick from federal health care programs for 25 years, and the monitoring period of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s Corporate Integrity Agreement expired on 30 July 2012, the program being completed in 2013 with no significant adverse findings.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-105", "src-106", "src-034", "src-052" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7e05c292adf2938823d86cc0", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The plea agreement's financial obligations were owed by 'PURDUE', which that section defines as The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc. or Purdue Pharma L.P., so either company could pay; the guilty plea remained Purdue Frederick's alone. The obligations were a $500,000 criminal fine, the statutory maximum; forfeiture of $276,100,000 under a civil forfeiture complaint, in three instalments within a year; $160,000,000 to settle government civil claims, namely $100,615,797.25 to the United States plus interest and $59,384,202.75 for participating states' Medicaid programs, which also satisfied restitution; $130,000,000 set aside for private OxyContin claims, any balance unpaid after two years to go to the U.S. Treasury; $20,000,000 for Virginia's Prescription Monitoring Program; $5,300,000 to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit; and $3,087,277.60 to Medicaid programs for miscalculated 1998–1999 rebates. The District Court summarised them as over $600 million in fines and other payments.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-46cb9af817c0f4d936b5eaf4", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The U.S. Attorney put the combined total for the company and the three executives at $634,515,475, about $34.5 million of it the executives' personal payments, so the figure mixes corporate and personal money. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 2025 calls the federal resolution a $634.5 million settlement by 'Purdue Pharma and three senior executives', made the same month as a $19.5 million settlement with 26 states and the District of Columbia, together about $650 million, and notes that cash distributions for the benefit of the Sackler Parties rose sharply from 2008; the plea, however, was entered by Purdue Frederick, not by Purdue Pharma L.P. In the federal civil settlement the United States released 'Purdue and its current and former directors, officers, employees, affiliates, owners, predecessors, successors and assigns' from civil or administrative monetary claims under federal statutes and from administrative actions, the states' releases were limited to Medicaid claims, and every state except Kentucky opted in; an attorney testified in 2021 that her roughly 5,000 clients received $75 million from the fund for private claims.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-105", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b486a9e9cf985c96cd7526c3", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Michael Friedman, Howard R. Udell and Paul D. Goldenheim were long-serving Purdue Frederick officers. Friedman joined in 1985 and rose through Group Vice President (1988) and Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (1999) to President and Chief Executive Officer in 2003; Udell joined as General Counsel in 1977 and became Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer in 2003; Goldenheim joined as Medical Director in 1985, became Executive Vice President of Worldwide Research & Development in 2000 and also Chief Scientific Officer in 2003, and left in 2004. The Agreed Statement records them as responsible corporate officers from about January 1996 to 30 June 2001. On 10 May 2007 each pleaded guilty, in his capacity as a corporate officer, to the strict-liability misdemeanour of misbranding a drug under 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a) and 333(a)(1); none was charged with the company's felony, and no Sackler family member was charged. In each plea agreement the parties agreed to ask the court for a non-incarcerative sentence. The three did not agree that they had personal knowledge of everything in the Agreed Statement, but agreed that the court could accept it as part of the factual basis for their pleas. HHS-OIG later excluded each of them for 15 years; they contested the exclusions as petitioners, and an administrative law judge, Carolyn Cozad Hughes, affirmed them on 9 January 2009. A press report states that they were given probation; their sentencing judgments are not in the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-052", "src-003", "src-034", "src-105", "src-106" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f6df0c9f1572e65be2938a1a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Their payments were personal and separate from the companies'. Before entering their pleas Friedman agreed to transfer $19,000,000, Udell $8,000,000 and Goldenheim $7,500,000 to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit's Program Income Fund, described in each agreement as disgorgement and refundable only if the court rejected the plea; each also agreed to a $5,000 fine and a $25 special assessment. Friedman's agreement, for example, records the parties' stipulations that restitution did not apply to his conviction and that his fine was at the upper end of the guidelines range.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-105" ], "entity_ids": [ "michael-friedman", "howard-udell", "paul-goldenheim" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-08a6d9a1fb4038492801977d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "HHS-OIG excluded The Purdue Frederick Company from federal health care programs for 25 years as part of the global resolution, which it described in January 2009 as one between the United States, Purdue Frederick and Purdue Pharma, under which the two companies agreed to pay $600 million in restitution and to settle their civil and criminal liabilities; the guilty plea, however, was Purdue Frederick's alone. HHS-OIG separately excluded Friedman, Goldenheim and Udell for 15 years for their roles as responsible corporate officers who failed to prevent Purdue Frederick's misbranding and fraudulent distribution of OxyContin. On 9 January 2009 Administrative Law Judge Carolyn Cozad Hughes affirmed those personal exclusions, finding that the three had the responsibility and authority to 'prevent or correct' the misbranding but 'failed to do so', and noting that the costs to government programs and individuals were 'astronomical' and that their offences 'endangered the health and safety of program beneficiaries and others'; HHS-OIG announced the ruling on 23 January 2009, describing Friedman as former chief operating officer and then chief executive, Goldenheim as former chief scientific officer and Udell as former general counsel. Any later review of the exclusions is not covered by the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-034" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "michael-friedman", "paul-goldenheim", "howard-udell" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-decda39a596ff72bb9b274b0", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P., not Purdue Frederick, entered into a five-year Corporate Integrity Agreement with HHS-OIG as part of the 2007 resolution. The plea agreement required at least $5,012,722.40 to be spent over 72 months, by Purdue Frederick or Purdue Pharma L.P., on monitoring Purdue Pharma L.P.'s compliance with that agreement and the absence of further criminal activity, any unspent balance to go to the Treasury, and the U.S. Attorney said Purdue had to retain and pay an independent monitor. The monitoring period expired on 30 July 2012, and the District Court recorded that Purdue completed the program in 2013 with no significant adverse findings. The Connecticut Attorney General's 2019 complaint describes the agreement as requiring a compliance officer from senior management reporting at least quarterly to the board and as treating all owners, officers, directors and employees of Purdue Pharma L.P. as 'Covered Persons', whose directors and chief executive were trained and certified that they would comply; the agreement itself is not in the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-034", "src-105", "src-003", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-e3ae015f18198c88ac77f2cf", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Separately, in 2007 twenty-six states and the District of Columbia settled their investigations of Purdue's OxyContin promotion for $19.5 million, each through a consent judgment; Washington's, for example, was entered in Thurston County on 9 May 2007. The judgments define Purdue as Purdue Pharma, Purdue Pharma Inc., The Purdue Frederick Company and their U.S. affiliates, and bound them to run an OxyContin abuse and diversion detection program for at least ten years and to certify compliance annually to a multistate group of attorneys general for three years; the individual judgments are known from the District Court's recital rather than from retained copies. The court later recorded that the 2007 settlement and plea were intended to resolve for all time the issues of Purdue's misrepresentations about OxyContin, yet a second round of lawsuits followed from 2014 to 2019.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-dab8095557d8f27d47d2a6d8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In exchange for Purdue's payment and compliance, the judgments released Purdue and its past and present officers, directors, shareholders, employees, affiliates and successors from the consumer-protection claims the attorneys general could have brought; according to Bankruptcy Judge Drain, as cited by the District Court, the releases covered about seventy-seven members of the Sackler family. They left out private consumer suits, Medicaid fraud and price-reporting claims, antitrust, environmental and tax claims and any criminal liability. For Connecticut, one of the twenty-six states, its Attorney General's complaint of 6 May 2019 describes a 2007 Stipulated Judgment in a suit brought by the State, which forbade false or misleading claims in OxyContin promotion, required 'fair balance' on risks including addiction and required, from 2007 to 2017, an abuse and diversion program to identify suspect high prescribers, stop promoting to them and report them; that complaint defines 'Purdue' as Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P., and the judgment itself is not in the retained record.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3040715b6456cd08b2bf7e78", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Later filings describe 2007 more broadly than the plea records. The District Court wrote in December 2021 that in the 2007 Plea Agreement 'Purdue admitted that it had falsely marketed OxyContin as non-addictive and had submitted false claims' and that Purdue's profits after 2007 were driven almost exclusively by its aggressive marketing of OxyContin; the court used 'Purdue' for the debtor group, whereas the plea was Purdue Frederick's felony misbranding plea and the false-claims liability was settled by civil payments. The State of New York's First Amended Complaint, brought by its Attorney General and filed as an exhibit on 13 September 2019, alleges that the Purdue board voted in May 2007 to have Purdue Frederick plead guilty; that the violations occurred while Richard Sackler was CEO and Jonathan, Kathe and Mortimer D.A. Sackler were vice presidents, with Richard, Jonathan, Kathe, Mortimer, Ilene, Beverly and Theresa Sackler on the board; that Purdue Frederick paid about $600 million in sanctions and 'the individual defendants' of that case over $34 million; that Richard, Ilene, Jonathan, Kathe and Mortimer Sackler certified to the government that they would obey the Corporate Integrity Agreement rules but continued to direct deceptive marketing; and that Purdue Frederick then went out of business while the family continued the opioid business through Purdue Pharma Inc. and Purdue Pharma L.P. These are a litigant's allegations, not findings: the complaint calls the executives' pleas felonies and cites § 332(a)(2) instead of § 333(a)(2), no Sackler family member was charged in 2007, and the exhibit notes that no answers had been filed at that date.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-014" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-inc", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ff2680ac1fed749f6a9a835d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Connecticut Attorney General's amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges that the 2007 directors of Purdue Pharma Inc., namely Richard, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A. and Kathe Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Beverly Sackler and Theresa Sackler, decided that The Purdue Frederick Company would pay nearly $700 million in criminal fines and plead guilty to a felony; that Purdue Frederick, which went out of business in 2007, was entirely controlled by Purdue Pharma Inc.; and that Michael Friedman was chief executive of Purdue Pharma Inc., Purdue Pharma L.P. and The Purdue Frederick Company. These too are allegations: the plea records show that Purdue Frederick's plea documents were approved by written consent of its own sole director on 4 May 2007, and that its criminal fine was $500,000 within corporate payments of over $600 million.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-105", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "michael-friedman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-081aef3a604ec34f40110813", "kind": "analysis", "text": "According to the debtors' Disclosure Statement of 1 July 2025, the Department of Justice had investigated them since at least June 2016: Purdue Pharma L.P. received a U.S. Attorney's subpoena about OxyContin marketing in summer 2016 and, from December 2017, further subpoenas and requests from other U.S. Attorney's Offices and DOJ components about its opioids, monitoring programs, payments to professionals and marketing, and it produced more than 13 million documents (over 100 million pages). On 30 July 2020 the United States filed a proof of claim in the bankruptcy asserting non-dischargeable civil claims under the False Claims Act and other laws and estimating single damages of $2.8 billion or more, plus trebling and penalties. On information and belief, and reserving the right to amend while its investigation continued, it alleged that from 2010 to 2018 Purdue detailed prescribers nationwide, including some it knew were facilitating medically unnecessary prescriptions, paid kickbacks to prescribers through advisor and speaker programs (over $3 million for advising and over $10 million for speaking from 2013 to 2018), paid the records vendor Practice Fusion for a 'Pain CDS' alert live from about 6 July 2016 to spring 2019, and from October 2015 paid three specialty pharmacies over $137,000 to fill OxyContin prescriptions other pharmacies had rejected. In the civil settlement of October 2020 Purdue gave the United States an allowed general unsecured claim of $2.8 billion, and DOJ stated that, beyond Purdue's criminal admissions, the civil claims were allegations only, with no determination of liability.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-038", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d53eac50e8dcbc44066e08aa", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 21 October 2020 DOJ announced a global resolution with Purdue Pharma LP, subject to approval by the bankruptcy court. The company would plead guilty in federal court in New Jersey to a three-count felony information, with a criminal fine of $3.544 billion and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, and it also agreed to a $2.8 billion civil settlement of its False Claims Act liability. Of the forfeiture the company would pay $225 million on the effective date of the bankruptcy, and DOJ was willing to credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on State and local governments, under a condition of the resolution that the company cease to operate in its current form and emerge from bankruptcy as a public benefit company owned by a trust or similar entity for the benefit of the American public. DOJ stated that the resolutions did not include a criminal release for any individual, including members of the Sackler family, and that no company executive or employee received a civil release.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-73bba0ce2462f864e10dc0d9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Information was filed on 24 November 2020 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (Criminal No. 20-1028 (MCA), Judge Madeline Cox Arleo) against Purdue Pharma L.P. alone, the company having waived indictment. Count One charged a conspiracy from about 11 May 2007 to 9 February 2018 to defraud the United States by impeding the DEA's ability to prevent diversion of controlled substances and to aid and abet the misbranding of prescription drugs held for sale without valid prescriptions; Count Two a conspiracy to violate the Anti-Kickback Statute from at least June 2009 to about February 2018 by paying prescribers kickbacks disguised as speaker fees; Count Three a further Anti-Kickback conspiracy, with Practice Fusion and others, from no later than about March 2016 to at least November 2016, to pay Practice Fusion in return for arranging or recommending the company's opioids. The forfeiture allegation put the value of the misbranded and unapproved drugs at $2,000,000,000 and also sought the proceeds of Counts Two and Three, with a substitute-assets clause. The company pleaded guilty to the three counts, its board chairman Steve Miller having stated in its release of 21 October 2020 that 'Purdue deeply regrets and accepts responsibility for the misconduct detailed by the Department of Justice in the agreed statement of facts'. On 28 April 2026 the court sentenced it to a $3.544 billion fine, assessed in the bankruptcy, and ordered the $2 billion forfeiture, up to $1.775 billion of it to be credited for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that the value conferred exceeds $1.775 billion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-077", "src-015", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1308c46520863f1423bbfea8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "DOJ's announcement of 21 October 2020 summarised what Purdue would admit as part of the plea: that from May 2007 through at least March 2017 it conspired to defraud the United States by impeding the DEA, claiming an effective anti-diversion program while marketing to more than 100 providers it had good reason to believe were diverting opioids and reporting misleading prescription data to raise its manufacturing quotas, a conspiracy that also involved aiding and abetting violations of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; that between June 2009 and March 2017 it paid two doctors through its speaker program to induce more prescriptions; and that from about April to December 2016 it paid Practice Fusion for referring, recommending and arranging for the ordering of OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla. The District Court later recorded that in Schedule A to the plea agreement, to whose facts the corporation stipulated, Purdue admitted offering payments to induce prescriptions, offering prescription savings cards and failing to maintain effective controls against diversion, including not telling the DEA that providers flagged for abuse filled over 1.4 million OxyContin prescriptions; the court noted that the Sacklers do not concede the truth of Purdue's admissions.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4c1401b45ae132fee344e95c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Second Circuit's opinion of 30 May 2023 described the plea agreement's terms: DOJ agreed not to 'initiate any further criminal charges against Purdue'; Purdue agreed to a $2 billion forfeiture judgment with 'superpriority' in any liquidation; DOJ would release $1.775 billion of that claim if a future plan created an abatement trust for the public benefit and a document repository; and the agreement released Purdue from further civil or administrative monetary claims by the government for the covered conduct but expressly did not release criminal liability. The debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 2025 adds that Purdue Pharma L.P. would be excluded from federal healthcare programs if the plea agreement was accepted and it was convicted, an exclusion the resolution anticipated by having a public benefit company or similar entity continue selling the debtors' medicines.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-015", "src-077" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7277ab8de1534520aedbb63e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. pleaded guilty on 24 November 2020 to all three counts (USA v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 2:20-cr-01028, D.N.J.); the plea was the company's, and no individual was charged in the case. The District Court for the Southern District of New York later described it as a plea in which 'the company (though not the people through whom the company acted) admitted to substantial deliberate wrongful conduct'; on announcing the resolution the company's chairman had said, as quoted above, that Purdue 'deeply regrets and accepts responsibility' for the misconduct detailed in the agreed statement of facts. On 28 April 2026 the company was sentenced in federal court in Newark, New Jersey, to criminal penalties of over $5 billion: a criminal fine of $3.544 billion, to be assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in criminal forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; Purdue must also host a public repository of documents relating to the charges. The Bankruptcy Court's order of 18 November 2025 confirming the Eighteenth Amended Plan carries the DOJ civil claim of $2.8 billion, the criminal fine claim of $3.544 billion and the forfeiture judgment claim of $2 billion, each as defined in the court's earlier order approving the debtors' settlements with the United States, together with a forfeiture credit capped at $1.775 billion and a $225 million cash forfeiture payment by Purdue Pharma L.P. to the United States Marshals; the order finds that the value conferred on non-federal governmental and tribal claims exceeds $1.775 billion. The $2.8 billion civil figure and the $3.544 billion fine are thus claim amounts against the estates, grouped as 'DOJ Unsecured Claims', rather than payments; the cash payment this part of the order specifies is the $225 million for the forfeiture.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-077", "src-003", "src-015", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b9b4911f2abe969598f20980", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. sent its hundreds of sales representatives repeatedly to the most prolific opioid prescribers, listed as 'Super Core' and 'Core' prescribers, in part because it knew that the top 2 percent of opioid prescribers wrote close to 80 percent of OxyContin prescriptions nationwide, and kept listing them after its own analyses showed that the highest prescribers were the most likely to be diverting; representatives were also told to give prescribers savings cards that reduced patients' costs. It states that the company's anti-diversion procedure, SOP 1.7.1, later the Abuse and Diversion Detection (ADD) Program, ran from about November 2002 to April 2018, that staff filed 'Reports of Concern', and that prescribers it decided to stop detailing were placed on a 'Region Zero' list; the United States' 2020 proof of claim likewise dates the program from about 2002 to 2018. It alleges that from 2007 to 2018 the company reviewed about 6,500 prescribers and pharmacies and in over a hundred instances kept promoting to a prescriber despite information indicating diversion; that it earned over one hundred million dollars a year from Region Zero prescribers, with executives at times giving the board of directors per-prescriber figures (the board of the general partner, Purdue Pharma Inc., managed the partnership, and no director is named); that it honoured savings cards linked to hundreds of those prescribers; and that while its anti-diversion efforts were failing it touted them to the DEA: a senior member of its legal department and a senior member of its compliance team met DEA staff on about 12 April 2011 and explained that the ADD Program was designed to stop promotion to prescribers engaged in abuse or diversion, and company representatives told DEA staff in October and December 2011 that the program was effective in combatting illegal diversion. Like the rest of the Information, this is the prosecution's account: DOJ summarised the conduct Purdue Pharma L.P. admitted as running from May 2007 to at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers, the agreed statement it stipulated to (Schedule A) is not in the retained record, and beyond the guilty plea and its chairman's acceptance of responsibility no answer to these details was found. The sentence of 28 April 2026 on the three counts was a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that value above $1.775 billion was conferred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039", "src-038" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c37a64bd69f2531235b47f48", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Count One further alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. and certain Purdue entities applied each year for DEA authorisation to manufacture within its quotas and that, to support the requests, Purdue Pharma L.P. supplied prescription data presented as legitimate sales without telling the DEA that prescriptions worth over $1.17 billion between May 2007 and February 2018 were written by Region Zero prescribers it knew or believed to be diverting; the listed submissions were made in the names of Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. from February 2008 to May 2018 and Purdue Pharma Manufacturing L.P. in July 2018, neither of which was charged. It also alleges that the company kept detailing and supplying savings cards to prescribers it knew were writing invalid prescriptions, intending its products to be dispensed on them, and that about 96 percent of those products were paid for by health care benefit programs. Reporting misleading prescription data to the DEA to boost quotas is part of the conduct DOJ said Purdue admitted; the $1.17 billion figure and the list of submissions are the Information's. Like the rest of the Information, this is the prosecution's account: DOJ summarised the conduct Purdue Pharma L.P. admitted as running from May 2007 to at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers, the agreed statement it stipulated to (Schedule A) is not in the retained record, and beyond the guilty plea and its chairman's acceptance of responsibility no answer to these details was found. The sentence of 28 April 2026 on the three counts was a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that value above $1.775 billion was conferred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharmaceuticals", "purdue-pharma-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d1fd6a69759c52af5b6a559a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Information illustrates Count One with prescribers identified only by number. Prescriber-1, a 'Super Core' prescriber in Nevada, was visited at least 422 times between January 2007 and February 2018 and generated over $6.7 million in gross proceeds for the company, which kept marketing after a representative reported in October 2009 a pharmacist's complaint that the prescriber's patients were selling their prescriptions. For Prescriber-2, in New York, a senior ADD Program employee recommended on about 24 November 2014 that visits stop and that the prescriber be referred to the DEA, but the program reversed course hours later after a group 'consultation'; from November 2014 until the prescriber's indictment in June 2017 the company made about 34 visits and earned about $834,402, without any referral. Prescriber-3, in Alabama, who wrote the most OxyContin prescriptions in the country in about 2010–2013, was visited at least 214 times from 2007 to March 2013 and generated over $24 million; after a report in December 2011 that the prescriber was under investigation the company kept calling until the licence was surrendered in March 2013, earning over $7 million in that period without a referral. Prescriber-4, in Michigan, a paid member of the company's speaker program who spoke for it about 21 times in 2012 and 2013, was visited at least 325 times between 2007 and May 2014, generating about $16,952,962 in gross proceeds, and the company told its representatives on about 26 March 2012 to keep calling after a report that the office had been raided by law enforcement. Like the rest of the Information, this is the prosecution's account: DOJ summarised the conduct Purdue Pharma L.P. admitted as running from May 2007 to at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers, the agreed statement it stipulated to (Schedule A) is not in the retained record, and beyond the guilty plea and its chairman's acceptance of responsibility no answer to these details was found. The sentence of 28 April 2026 on the three counts was a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that value above $1.775 billion was conferred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-e029329197265ce0a503bc08", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Three further examples run over longer periods. From February 2004, when the company first knew or had good reason to believe that Prescriber-6, in Ohio, was diverting, until it disbanded its opioid sales force in February 2018, it made about 226 visits, redeemed about 420 savings cards and earned over $47.1 million in gross proceeds, having told its representatives on about 25 March 2015 to resume calling. From December 2002, when it first knew or had good reason to believe that Prescriber-9, in Nevada, was diverting, until it stopped redeeming savings cards linked to that prescriber in March 2017, it made over 438 visits, redeemed about 884 cards and earned over $15.3 million; the Information's summary paragraph refers to the cards as linked to 'Prescriber-8', apparently a slip for Prescriber-9. Prescriber-10, owner of a multi-prescriber pain clinic in New York and among the nation's top OxyContin prescribers from 2007 to 2014 with up to 12,961 prescriptions a year, was visited about 227 times between November 2003, when the company first knew or had good reason to believe the prescriber was diverting, and February 2016, with about 232 cards redeemed and over $25.8 million earned, and between January 2007 and February 2016 the company never referred the prescriber to the DEA or any other agency. Like the rest of the Information, this is the prosecution's account: DOJ summarised the conduct Purdue Pharma L.P. admitted as running from May 2007 to at least March 2017 and involving more than 100 providers, the agreed statement it stipulated to (Schedule A) is not in the retained record, and beyond the guilty plea and its chairman's acceptance of responsibility no answer to these details was found. The sentence of 28 April 2026 on the three counts was a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that value above $1.775 billion was conferred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-00e7a5b74bab9a96afd8831e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Count Two alleges that from about June 2009 through 2016 Purdue Pharma L.P. paid Prescriber-11 at least $476,000 in fees, items and reimbursements as kickbacks to induce prescriptions, during which Medicare paid over $7 million for Prescriber-11's OxyContin prescriptions; that it gave Prescriber-11 about 85 paid speaking engagements although it knew Prescriber-11 was an ineffective speaker, Prescriber-11 writing the most Medicare-reimbursed OxyContin prescriptions in the United States from about 2010 to 2018; and that from about March 2011 through 2018 it paid Prescriber-12 at least $120,000 as kickbacks. DOJ summarised the admitted kickback conduct as payments to two doctors through the speaker program between June 2009 and March 2017; the agreed statement is not in the retained record, and beyond the plea and its chairman's acceptance of responsibility no answer to these details was found. The sentence of 28 April 2026 on the three counts was a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, against which DOJ will credit up to $1.775 billion for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that value above $1.775 billion was conferred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-045", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-59ff7927eedf6051f52ae231", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Count Three concerns Practice Fusion, Inc., a Delaware company based in San Francisco that gave healthcare providers a cloud-based electronic health records system generally free of charge and earned money by selling pharmaceutical companies 'sponsorships' of clinical decision support (CDS) alerts; it was not a defendant in this case. The Information alleges that Purdue Pharma L.P. paid Practice Fusion kickbacks so that its software would influence doctors' prescribing of extended-release opioids such as OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla: the two companies signed a contract for a 'Pain CDS' in about March 2016, Purdue paid about $959,700 from March to November 2016, and the alert ran from about July 2016 to April 2019, triggering in more than 230,000,000 patient visits. It quotes Practice Fusion's own model, built after a 31 March 2015 pitch to Purdue, projecting 2,777 additional users of Purdue's extended-release opioids, $8,458,232 to $11,277,645 in added revenue and a return of 5.8 to 7.8 times the cost, and an email excerpt recording that 'they enjoy an 83% share in the branded ERO space', the speaker not being legible in the retained copy; these are Practice Fusion's internal estimates as quoted by the prosecution, not independent market data. In DOJ's description Purdue admitted paying Practice Fusion from about April to December 2016 in exchange for referring, recommending and arranging for the ordering of those products; beyond the plea and its chairman's acceptance of responsibility no answer to the further details was found. The same sentence of 28 April 2026, a $3.544 billion fine and $2 billion forfeiture, applies, with up to $1.775 billion of the forfeiture credited for value conferred on state, local and tribal governments if Purdue ceases to operate in its current form and emerges as a public benefit company or similar entity; the plan confirmed on 18 November 2025 carries both as DOJ claims and finds that value above $1.775 billion was conferred.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-041", "src-015", "src-077", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "practice-fusion" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-437c409665a8921cbcf7f5c7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In a civil matter separate from the company's case, the United States alleged that from 2013 to 2018 Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Dr. Kathe Sackler and Jonathan Sackler (the 'Named Sacklers') knowingly caused false claims for OxyContin to be submitted to federal healthcare programs. According to DOJ's announcement of 21 October 2020, the settlement resolves allegations that in 2012 they knew the legitimate market for Purdue's opioids had contracted, asked Purdue executives to recapture lost sales, and then approved a 2013 marketing program called 'Evolve to Excellence' that intensified sales calls on extreme, high-volume OxyContin prescribers, and allegations that from about 2008 to 2018, at their request, Purdue transferred assets into Sackler family holding companies and trusts to hinder future creditors. The Named Sacklers expressly deny those allegations, the agreement states that it is not an admission of liability, and the District Court recorded that the Sacklers vehemently deny that any of the transfers were fraudulent conveyances; DOJ stated that there has been no determination of liability in the civil matters. The claims were settled for $225 million plus interest, which the debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 2025 records as already paid directly to the DOJ outside the plan. The federal criminal case named only Purdue Pharma L.P., and DOJ's October 2020 announcement stated that the resolutions gave no individual, family members included, a criminal release. In Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., decided on 27 June 2024, Justice Kavanaugh's dissent stated that the U.S. Government had not brought criminal charges against any of the Sacklers individually and that no State had done so either; that statement speaks as of June 2024 and in the context of the opioid litigation and Purdue's bankruptcy.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-045", "src-004", "src-003", "src-015", "src-040", "src-041" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3ae228cef19450ad75523677", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The agreement was made between the United States, acting through DOJ and on behalf of HHS-OIG, the Defense Health Agency, the Office of Personnel Management and the Indian Health Service, and Dr. Richard Sackler, David Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe Sackler and the Estate of Jonathan Sackler, described as beneficiaries of trusts that indirectly own Purdue Pharma L.P.; they agreed to pay or cause to be paid $225,000,000 plus 0.75% interest from 5 November 2020 once the Bankruptcy Court confirmed that the payment was not prohibited. It is a personal civil settlement of five family members, one through his estate, separate from the company's plea and civil settlement, and contains no admission of liability. Conditioned on full payment, it releases the Named Sacklers, family members, family trusts and their trustees and protectors, the Purdue parent entities and the independent associated companies from specified civil and administrative monetary claims, but it reserves any criminal liability, preserves HHS-OIG's power to seek exclusion and releases no claim the debtors' estates could bring, including fraudulent-transfer claims against current or former owners and directors; DOJ added that it did not resolve claims states may have against Purdue or family members. As noted above, the debtors' Disclosure Statement of July 2025 records the $225 million as already paid directly to the DOJ, outside the plan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015", "src-045" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3be124d7eb2727a668f016ec", "kind": "analysis", "text": "By 2001 plaintiffs across the country had begun to file individual and class actions against Purdue in state and federal courts, the District Court recited in its December 2021 decision; members of the Sackler family were not named in those suits, which the page on the 2007 pleas covers. Judge Colleen McMahon's decision recounts that from about 2014 new lawsuits were filed over the promotion and marketing of OxyContin, and that this time members of the Sackler family were named as defendants. At the end of 2017 sixty-four federal cases brought by state and local government entities against Purdue and other defendants — pharmacies, other manufacturers and distributors such as McKesson Corporation — were sent to the National Prescription Opiate Litigation (MDL-2804) before Judge Dan A. Polster in the Northern District of Ohio; about 2,200 actions against Purdue were pending there when Purdue filed for bankruptcy, and more than 390 parallel actions were pending in state and local courts. The decision uses \"Purdue\" for Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors and names McKesson only as an example of a co-defendant in the MDL cases, not as a party to Purdue's settlements.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "mckesson" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4652a7831a6431716673b8da", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The same decision explains how the family came to be sued. Once the MDL discovery revealed family members' role in marketing OxyContin after 2007, complaints in many state cases were amended to name them as defendants; the decision lists Richard, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Kathe, Beverly, Theresa and David Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt and Marianna Sackler as named in various lawsuits. In at least three of these cases state courts denied the Sackler defendants' motions to dismiss, among them by an order of 21 June 2019 in In re Opioid Litigation, No. 400000/2017, in Suffolk County, New York; at the 2021 confirmation hearing the creditors' committee put the judgments that litigating against the Sacklers could eventually produce at more than $4.275 billion. Being named as a defendant is not a finding of liability, and none of these cases reached judgment before the bankruptcy. The Sacklers, the decision records, do not concede the truth of Purdue's admissions in its 2020 plea agreement and vehemently deny that the transfers they received would qualify as fraudulent conveyances.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "marianna-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2667021f20d067c2e40eb8d8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "By the middle of 2019 the attorneys general of forty-nine states had filed new or amended suits against Purdue, all naming specific family members or Sackler-related entities, according to the District Court. Of the governments that later appealed the 2021 confirmation order, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and the District of Columbia sued both Purdue and family members — the District of Columbia's suit naming Richard Sackler — while Washington sued Purdue and unnamed \"Does\". Every one of these suits was filed before the September 2019 bankruptcy filing and none was litigated to judgment; the only pre-bankruptcy judgment the court notes, in North Dakota's suit, went in Purdue's favour.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-910c8aede3a603ea5dd8c1b8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "How many suits were pending at the filing depends on who counted and when. The list of the 50 largest unsecured creditors filed with Purdue Pharma L.P.'s petition on 15 September 2019 said certain debtors were defendants in over 2,600 opioid actions, whose claims it called contingent, unliquidated and disputed. Craig Landau, then Purdue's President and CEO, stated in written testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform of 17 December 2020 that the company had faced nearly 2,800 lawsuits in all 50 states when it filed. The courts counted the actions covered by Purdue's injunction motion: over 2,900 against Purdue and at least 400 civil suits against the Sacklers according to the District Court, almost 3,000 and over 400 according to the Second Circuit. The retained records do not reconcile these totals.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-100", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "craig-landau" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-47716d6824297d087f7aa33d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Massachusetts sued in Suffolk Superior Court (Civil Action No. 1884-CV-01808 (BLS2), also cited as No. 18-1808-BLS2). Its defendants fall into three groups: the companies, Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc.; eight family members sued individually — Richard, Theresa, Kathe, Jonathan, Mortimer D.A., Beverly and David Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt; and the directors Peter Boer, Paulo Costa, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman and Judy Lewent with the executives John Stewart, Mark Timney, Craig Landau and Russell J. Gasdia. The individual defendants moved to dismiss the claims against them. Former CEO John Stewart, in a declaration served on 1 March 2019 for his, Landau's and Timney's motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint, stated that many allegations against him were not supported by, and some were contradicted by, the documents the Commonwealth cited, and Landau and Timney said the same; family members and the independent directors filed declarations in March 2019 for their own motions to dismiss, among them those of Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, which base their motions on lack of personal jurisdiction, while Richard Sackler stated that he did not direct marketing, sales or promotion in Massachusetts and never went into the field there with sales representatives to promote opioids. On 16 September 2019 a notice was filed that the Chapter 11 petitions of Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliates, filed the day before, stayed the case against the debtors; the automatic stay did not reach the family members and other related parties, whose cases were halted by the preliminary injunction issued in the debtors' adversary proceeding against the Commonwealth (Adv. Pro. No. 19-08289).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-033", "src-078", "src-011", "src-032", "src-007" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "john-stewart", "mark-timney", "craig-landau", "russell-gasdia", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-132dc52622b0b5c1858b4b7b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Connecticut's Attorney General William Tong, at the request of the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, sued under the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act in the Complex Litigation Docket at Hartford (No. X07 HHD-CV-19-6105325-S). The amended complaint of 6 May 2019 alleges unfair and deceptive practices from June 2007 against Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc., against the same eight family members, against the directors Frank Peter Boer, Paulo Costa, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman and Judith Lewent, and against John Stewart and Mark Timney; according to the District Court it pleaded four CUTPA counts and one fraudulent-transfer count against Purdue and the family members and sought civil penalties, restitution and disgorgement, and a later bench ruling of the Bankruptcy Court cites a second amended complaint of 1 July 2019. These are the State's allegations, and the case was not litigated to judgment before the bankruptcy. Connecticut was one of the eight states and the District of Columbia that, while the plan's confirmation was on appeal, filed with the debtors and the Sacklers a new settlement agreement providing for additional Sackler contributions, approved by the Bankruptcy Court on 10 March 2022, and agreed to withdraw their opposition to the plan; the Chapter 11 page follows that plan through the appeals.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-051", "src-003", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "peter-boer", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "john-stewart", "mark-timney", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-bc38282f8c339079a46e8904", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The New York Attorney General sued Purdue Pharma in Suffolk County in August 2018 (New York v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., No. 400016/2018) over the marketing of OxyContin and, by an amended complaint filed on 28 March 2019 — described by the Attorney General's office as a lawsuit expanding the 2018 suit — added claims against eight family members for public nuisance, fraud, fraudulent conveyances and other counts, and against \"Sackler entities\", including Rosebay and Beacon, which the State described as vehicles for moving funds from Purdue to the family, for unjust enrichment and fraudulent conveyance. The caption reproduced with the court's letter rogatory of September 2019 lists Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., Purdue Holdings L.P. (now Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P.), PLP Associates Holdings, L.P., Rosebay Medical Company L.P., The Beacon Company, ten Doe entities, Richard S., Jonathan D., Mortimer D.A., Kathe A., David A., Beverly and Theresa Sackler and Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, other manufacturers, and the distributors McKesson Corporation, Cardinal Health, Inc., AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation and Rochester Drug Cooperative, Inc., which were sued in their own capacity as wholesale distributors — a litigation role separate from their commercial role as Purdue's customers and creditors. These were the State's claims and were not litigated to judgment; Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. and PLP Associates Holdings L.P. moved to dismiss on 5 August 2019, with the State's opposition due on 26 August 2019, and in February 2021 the Attorney General's office said the cases against Purdue were in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-060", "src-014", "src-062" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "pra-lp", "plp-associates-lp", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen-drug", "rochester-drug-cooperative" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0ae2b323d3cdec60d054a0d3", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Rhode Island's Attorney General Peter F. Neronha sued in the Providence/Bristol County Superior Court (State of Rhode Island v. Purdue Pharma L.P. et al., C.A. No. PC2018-4555). The Third Amended Complaint of 22 March 2022 groups as the \"Purdue Defendants\" Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc. and The Purdue Frederick Company, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P., Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Technologies Inc., and Richard S. Sackler, the only family member it names, alongside other manufacturers and three distributors; the State had voluntarily dismissed its claims against Insys Therapeutics and that company's former chairman in June 2019. The complaint's claims against these defendants are the State's allegations. The District Court had described Rhode Island's earlier pleading as asserting six claims against Purdue and the eight family members, and the retained record does not explain the difference. Rhode Island was also one of the nine governments in the settlement with the debtors and the Sacklers approved on 10 March 2022, and agreed to withdraw its opposition to the plan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "rhodes-pharmaceuticals", "rhodes-technologies", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-57479d6923c9bb92265160f8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Delaware was among the first states to sue Purdue, its Attorney General's office says: former Attorney General Matthew Denn filed suit in 2018, and Attorney General Kathy Jennings sued the Sackler family in 2019; the District Court describes Delaware's consumer-fraud, negligence and public-nuisance claims as directed at seven family members, Beverly Sackler not among them. On 1 May 2026 Delaware's Attorney General announced that the $7.4 billion settlement with Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family had become legally effective and resolves the litigation against Purdue and the Sacklers. Maryland's Consumer Protection Division opened an administrative proceeding, In re Purdue Pharma, et al., on 16 May 2019 against Purdue and certain related parties, alleging unfair and deceptive trade practices, and, according to the District Court, asserted a consumer-protection claim against seven family members; these are the State's allegations as two S.D.N.Y. decisions describe them, and the pleading itself is not retained. Maryland suspended the proceeding after electing, as one of the non-consenting states, to abide by the bankruptcy injunction voluntarily. From the extension order of 6 September 2024 — which the 2024 decision calls both the thirty-fifth extension and the Thirty-Seventh Amended Order — Maryland no longer consented; it appealed the extension orders of 6 September, 27 September and 1 November 2024, and on 26 November 2024 Judge McMahon affirmed them.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-006", "src-003", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "state-of-maryland" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0f4c3754c08e1c30beccc20f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Other states acted in other forums. In Utah, the Division of Consumer Protection's administrative matter CP-2019-005 (DCP Case No. 107102) named Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc. and The Purdue Frederick Company Inc. as respondents and, individually and as owners, officers, directors or key employees, Richard Sackler and Kathe Sackler; the companies and the two individuals had separate counsel, and the retained filing, a procedural motion of 11 June 2019, states neither the Division's allegations nor any outcome. In Illinois, according to a press report, Attorney General Kwame Raoul, who had sued Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. in April 2019, moved in August 2019 to add eight family members, alleging that as board members they took part in or approved the deceptive marketing and directed billions of dollars of company money to their own accounts; the motion and its outcome are not in the retained record. In West Virginia, according to another press report, Attorney General Patrick Morrisey announced in May 2019 a second suit, filed with Iowa, Kansas, Maryland and Wisconsin, seeking damages from Purdue Pharma Inc., Purdue Pharma LP and Richard Sackler over alleged unlawful marketing of opioids; the complaint is not retained, and the report states that Purdue denied the claims, said the states could not link the harm of opioids to the company and accused them of having \"invented stunningly overbroad legal theories\".", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-002", "src-064", "src-065" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "richard-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-9d5db319979174fdbd2ae560", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Colorado's suit named eight family members, Jonathan Sackler among them, according to a 2020 press report that also recorded his death on 30 June 2020; the Colorado complaint is not retained. Arizona, according to a 2021 law-school student case study, filed an action in the original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court on 31 July 2019, State of Arizona v. Richard Sackler et al., No. 22O151, alleging under its fraudulent-transfer laws that the family unlawfully moved billions of dollars out of Purdue Pharma L.P. to avoid liability; the study cites Arizona's motion for leave to file, which is not retained, with a date of 6 August 2019, and reports, citing a December 2019 press report, that the Supreme Court declined to hear the case.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-092", "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6b30c44d42256ee6be31d375", "kind": "analysis", "text": "New York also sought evidence about the family's assets through its Suffolk County case. On 13 September 2019 a letter rogatory was filed in which the Supreme Court of the State of New York asked the courts of the British Virgin Islands, under the Hague Evidence Convention, for documents from Banela Corporation for the State's claims that certain defendants made fraudulent conveyances or were unjustly enriched; it expected a trial in about May 2020, and the retained copy leaves the date beside the judge's signature line blank. Its list of non-parties names Debevoise & Plimpton LLP as counsel for Stillwater Holdings LLC, Banela Corporation, Stanhope Gate Corporation, Millborne Trust Company Limited, Heatheridge Trust Company Limited and Jonathan G. White. A lawyer's commentary of October 2019 adds that the Attorney General subpoenaed nine U.S. banking groups and others, including BR Holdings Associates Inc., to trace alleged fraudulent transfers by the family. Both describe the State's allegations, not findings, and the subpoenas other than Banela's are not retained. The trial did not take place: Purdue filed for Chapter 11 two days after the letter rogatory, and on 11 October 2019 the Bankruptcy Court enjoined the litigation, which, the commentary says, froze the subpoenas and letters rogatory as well.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-014", "src-003", "src-109" ], "entity_ids": [ "banela", "debevoise-plimpton", "stanhope-gate", "millborne-trust", "heatheridge-trust", "jonathan-white", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "br-holdings-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-507c935252900d58539865f1", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Several states settled with Purdue before the bankruptcy, according to the list in the District Court's 2021 decision. Florida ended an investigation in 2002 for $500,000. West Virginia settled an action in 2004 for $10 million, releasing its Attorney General's claims arising from the manufacture, marketing and sale of OxyContin in the state against Purdue and its affiliates, shareholders, officers, directors and others. Mississippi settled an investigation in 2006 for $250,000. New York ended an investigation on 19 August 2015 by an assurance of discontinuance (In the Matter of Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 15-151) under which Purdue paid a $75,000 penalty and committed to keep implementing its abuse and diversion detection (ADD) program in New York and to submit to annual reviews and monitoring by the Attorney General.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-64343fbe532b5422f44427f8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Kentucky's action against Purdue was settled for $24 million. Connecticut's 2019 complaint says the suit was filed in 2007 and that Purdue agreed to pay the sum over eight years under a settlement announced in late 2015; the District Court dates the settlement to 2016 in its list and to 2015 where it records that Richard Sackler, at the 2021 confirmation hearing, acknowledged approving it as a member of the board of Purdue Pharma Inc. and said he had overseen \"many settlements, both private and public\" as a director. The difference may reflect announcement and completion, and the agreement itself is not retained. An online encyclopedia article, a secondary account, adds that Richard Sackler was deposed in Louisville in 2015 and that Purdue settled before trial for $24 million, admitting no liability, with the deposition sealed and the Kentucky prosecutors required to destroy or return internal documents obtained in discovery; it says that a medical news publication later sued to unseal the deposition, a state judge ruled in its favour, Purdue appealed, and the deposition was later made public. No retained primary record shows these settlement terms or the unsealing litigation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051", "src-027" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8761e155fc22e473297a8903", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The largest pre-bankruptcy settlement was Oklahoma's. In March 2019, two months before a scheduled trial, Purdue — the District Court's term for Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors — agreed to pay the State $270 million (Consent Judgment, Oklahoma v. Purdue Pharma et al., No. CJ-2017-816, District Court of Cleveland County, 26 March 2019), secured largely by letters of credit according to Connecticut's complaint; the District Court records that the release covered the claims of the Attorney General, the State and its subdivisions against Purdue and its officers, directors, shareholders, direct and indirect owners and beneficiaries of the owners. The consent judgment itself is not retained. Connecticut's complaint also states that the \"Dr. Mortimer and Dr. Raymond Sackler families\" agreed to a \"voluntary and irrevocable contribution\" of $75 million in settlement of the case; it does not say whether that sum was part of or in addition to the $270 million, or which family entities paid it. The plan later confirmed in the bankruptcy describes the State's pre-petition settlement as one \"with the Debtors and certain of the Sackler Parties and/or their Related Parties\", keeps a fund for Oklahoma's subdivisions and waives the settlement's release conditions so that the litigating subdivisions may also share in the Governmental Remediation Trust.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-051", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c35af8898bd6fb2236c4ed48", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The governmental suits were not covered by the automatic stay that came with the bankruptcy filing. On 18 September 2019 Purdue asked the Bankruptcy Court to halt all actions against the debtors and against their current and former owners, officers, directors, employees and associated entities; according to the District Court, the court on 11 October 2019 halted the litigation until 6 November 2019 and then enjoined all plaintiffs from continuing or commencing actions against Purdue or the non-debtor related parties, including Sackler family members, and the District Court affirmed the injunction in 2020. The injunction protected non-debtors, including family members and their entities, but was a procedural stay, not a release or a finding on the merits; the Chapter 11 page sets out its many extensions and the plans negotiated under it. How each suit was settled or stayed is stated with the suit above. The plan became effective on 1 May 2026, when, the New York Attorney General announced, Purdue Pharma ceased operations and Knoa Pharma began operating in its place.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-047", "src-078", "src-059", "src-020", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d794a1c7125b5ad09ed18df9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue sold its prescription products mainly through wholesale distributors. The debtors' disclosure statement of 1 July 2025 says that Purdue Pharma and Rhodes had 40 different customer/distributors but that Cardinal, McKesson and Cencora (formerly Amerisource Bergen) generally accounted for over 90 percent of their gross sales; it describes the chargebacks wholesalers claim from the debtors under the Federal Supply Schedule programs and warns that the successor company would lose its primary sales channel if the distributors refused to deal with it. This is the debtors' commercial description in a risk-factor section, not a statement about the distributors' litigation role. At the petition date the same three groups appeared among Purdue Pharma L.P.'s 50 largest unsecured creditors with claims for \"distributor fees\": AmerisourceBergen (no. 7, $4,485,373), McKesson Corporation (no. 9, $3,655,581) and Cardinal Health (no. 10, $3,468,979); the list does not state the contracts behind the fees. The federal courts' record of the case also lists the RDC Liquidating Trust, successor to Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., among the creditors, without the nature or amount of its claim.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-001", "src-115" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "cardinal-health", "mckesson", "amerisourcebergen", "rochester-drug-cooperative" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-cd53d6c2b32b3bb68b5e00c5", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In court the distributors appear in a different capacity, as defendants sued over their own conduct alongside Purdue. Rhode Island's Third Amended Complaint of 22 March 2022 (C.A. No. PC2018-4555) sues McKesson Corporation d/b/a McKesson Drug Company, Cardinal Health, Inc. and AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation as the \"Distributor Defendants\", calling them the \"big three\" that dominate wholesale distribution, and alleges that Purdue and the distributors failed to report suspicious orders; it also alleges, \"upon information and belief, based on the reporting of an industry-wide practice\", that Purdue — defined there as Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc. and The Purdue Frederick Company — paid chargebacks to wholesalers and so learned where its drugs went. These are the State's allegations, not findings. The distributors were sued in their own capacity, a litigation role distinct from their commercial dealings with Purdue, and the debtors' 2025 disclosure statement, for its part, describes chargebacks as a commercial mechanism under Federal Supply Schedule pricing. New York's 2019 complaint also named McKesson, Cardinal Health, AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation and Rochester Drug Cooperative, and the federal MDL included McKesson among Purdue's co-defendants. The distributors' own cases were resolved separately from Purdue's: the New York Attorney General's release of 1 February 2024 lists McKesson, Cardinal Health and Amerisource Bergen among the companies from which the Attorney General had recovered funds for New York opioid abatement since the 2019 lawsuit, without describing that agreement's terms.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-055", "src-015", "src-014", "src-062", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckesson", "cardinal-health", "amerisourcebergen-drug", "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "pra-lp", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company", "plp-associates-lp", "rochester-drug-cooperative", "richard-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "david-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "sackler-family", "amerisourcebergen" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0c3b46784c47d08852668592", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The petition list of Purdue Pharma L.P.'s largest unsecured creditors also includes Syneos Health, listed as formerly inVentiv Health, with a trade debt of $1,073,469; Purple Strategies LLC of Alexandria, Virginia (no. 39, trade debt $150,000); and Dezenhall Resources of Washington, D.C., with a trade debt whose amount is not cleanly reproduced in the retained copy (it reads \"5142485\", apparently $142,485). The list gives each claim only as trade debt and does not say what services were provided.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "syneos-health", "purple-strategies", "dezenhall-resources" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8054a241308e4f2954b41adb", "kind": "analysis", "text": "According to the New York Attorney General, Publicis Health, LLC worked with Purdue Pharma L.P. from 2010 through 2019 as its advertising agency, developing campaigns and materials for OxyContin, Butrans and Hysingla; the Attorney General alleges that its materials promoted OxyContin as safe and unable to be abused, that it implemented Purdue's \"Evolve to Excellence\" programme developed by McKinsey, and that it conspired with McKinsey & Company, Inc. and Practice Fusion, Inc. to push false and deceptive strategies to increase Purdue's opioid sales. These are the Attorney General's allegations, announced with the settlement and not tested in court. On 1 February 2024 a coalition of every attorney general, co-led by New York's, announced the agreement, described as the first with an advertising agency over the opioid crisis: Publicis Health, part of Publicis Groupe, S.A., was to pay $350 million within 60 days, was barred from accepting future contracts or engagements related to the marketing or sale of opioids, and was to release hundreds of thousands of internal documents on its work for Purdue and other manufacturers and its communications with consultants such as McKinsey and Practice Fusion; New York's share was $19,176,750.60. The terms are known from the release, the consent judgment is not retained, and the payment is Publicis Health's own liability, not Purdue's.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-062" ], "entity_ids": [ "publicis-health", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey", "practice-fusion" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7dd61dd522a1352ef016183c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "McKinsey contracted with Purdue on 75 engagements in the United States between 2004 and 2019, according to the Justice Department, including a 2013 engagement on steps to \"turbocharge\" OxyContin sales. The firm resolved the attorneys general's investigations through an agreement and consent judgment filed on 4 February 2021 by 47 states, the District of Columbia and five territories, under which it was to provide more than $573 million, and on 13 December 2024 it agreed to pay $650 million to resolve a federal criminal and civil investigation, in a resolution that includes a five-year deferred prosecution agreement; DOJ's release notes that the details in the charging documents and civil resolution are allegations. Those payments are McKinsey's own liability, not Purdue's or the Sackler family's. The engagements, the 2013 board meetings, the charges, McKinsey US's admission and the role of its former senior partner Martin Elling are set out on the page on Purdue and McKinsey.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068", "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey-us", "martin-elling" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-04b0ac315ef64c5ae98a7f11", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In Addendum A to its 2020 civil settlement agreement with members of the Sackler family (the Named Sacklers), the United States sets out conduct it contends it could prove about a consulting company that the document does not name. That company, it says, had worked for Purdue since about the mid-2000s; on 28 May 2013 Purdue executives signed a contract with it to \"conduct a rapid assessment of the underlying drivers of current OxyContin performance\" and plan near-term revenue growth, and Richard Sackler had direct communications with the company before and during its work on E2E. Between 18 July and 8 August 2013 the company sent reports to Purdue's CEO, at least two of which reached the board; Richard Sackler arranged a meeting for the board with the company without Purdue executives, and on 23 August 2013 certain of the Named Sacklers examined its \"unvarnished\" findings; E2E was then overseen by the company and some of Purdue's top executives through an Executive Oversight Team and a Project Management Office. These are contentions, not findings: the agreement states that it is not an admission of liability and that the Named Sacklers expressly deny the allegations, and under it they agreed to pay the United States $225,000,000 plus interest, which the debtors' 2025 disclosure statement describes as already paid to the DOJ outside the plan.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-34cc7be93884e524afb26b72", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The addendum also states that in 2013 the consulting company told Purdue and its board that the retail channel was under intense scrutiny, with wholesalers stopping shipments to an increasing number of pharmacies and imposing hard quantity limits, and proposed an \"alternative model for how patients receive OxyContin\" that would bypass retail through a third-party vendor. According to the United States, on 16 and 18 August 2013 Mortimer D.A. Sackler asked Purdue's CEO about a new distribution system and a complementary business, Richard Sackler replied that he had had the same idea, the Named Sacklers then approved E2E, and in 2015 Purdue — \"the company\" in the addendum's wording — entered agreements with three specialty pharmacies for Hysingla. The addendum names neither the consulting company nor the pharmacies, and the Named Sacklers deny these allegations.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004" ], "entity_ids": [ "mortimer-da-sackler", "richard-sackler", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-d30c004dd1aa406a1e27b5c7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Whether the unnamed company was McKinsey is an inference, not a statement of either source. The Justice Department's December 2024 release on McKinsey describes a matching engagement: it says that in May 2013 Purdue retained McKinsey to conduct a rapid assessment of the drivers of OxyContin performance in the words the addendum quotes from the 28 May 2013 contract, that the 2013 effort was called E2E, and that after an August 2013 meeting with family members on the board a McKinsey partner reported a \"ringing endorsement\" of \"moving forward fast\", the phrase the addendum quotes from the consulting company's partners; New York's 2021 complaint also attributes the 2013 plan implemented as E2E to McKinsey. Neither DOJ document says expressly that the addendum's company is McKinsey, so the addendum's statements are kept here as statements about an unnamed consulting company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ad23d5090e0f3bc3854e9015", "kind": "analysis", "text": "McKinsey contracted with Purdue on 75 different engagements in the United States between 2004 and 2019, the Justice Department said in announcing its 2024 resolution, summarising the Agreed Statement of Facts that McKinsey accepted; the 71-page statement itself is not retained. After a Purdue affiliate's 2007 guilty plea, McKinsey partners maintained close contact with Purdue, worked with it in 2009 to enhance \"brand loyalty\" for OxyContin and in 2010 helped it obtain FDA approval of a reformulated, abuse-deterrent OxyContin. On Purdue's side, John Stewart, CEO of Purdue Pharma L.P. and Purdue Pharma Inc. from June 2007 to December 2013, stated in a declaration in the Massachusetts case that McKinsey's work had a nationwide scope, that he was aware of it and occasionally met McKinsey's managing director, who worked in Stamford, Connecticut, and that specific groups of Purdue personnel, not he, handled the projects day to day; his declaration answers allegations of the Commonwealth that are not retained.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068", "src-033" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "john-stewart", "purdue-pharma-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-de209671d79aedc82d3aa2bb", "kind": "analysis", "text": "In May 2013 Purdue retained McKinsey to assess the drivers of OxyContin performance and the opportunities to increase near-term OxyContin revenue, the Justice Department says. The resulting Evolve to Excellence (E2E) programme included McKinsey advising Purdue to \"turbocharge\" the OxyContin sales pipeline by intensifying marketing to High Value Prescribers, including prescribers writing opioid prescriptions for uses that were unsafe, ineffective and medically unnecessary; McKinsey consultants went on \"ride-alongs\" with Purdue sales representatives; in August 2013 McKinsey partners presented their findings to members of the Purdue board from the family that controlled Purdue; and after E2E McKinsey did further work aimed at maximising OxyContin sales to the same prescribers. This is DOJ's summary of facts McKinsey agreed in its resolution; the statement is not retained, and the release notes that the details in the charging documents and civil resolution are allegations.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-617e2a96e0a132b13176e98e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The United States' 2020 settlement with four family members and an estate describes the same months from the board's side but leaves the consulting company unnamed: a contract of 28 May 2013, Richard Sackler's direct contact with the firm, a meeting he arranged for the board without Purdue executives and, on 23 August 2013, a meeting of certain family members with the firm. The matching contract wording, dates and quoted partner email point to McKinsey, but neither DOJ document states the identification, so those contentions — which the family members deny — are treated on the consultants page as statements about an unnamed consulting company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-004", "src-068", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ac6673d9c9a95e98570a3040", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 5 February 2021 the New York Attorney General filed a complaint against McKinsey & Company, Inc. United States, McKinsey's U.S. entity, in Suffolk County (Index No. 400001/2021), alleging under General Business Law § 349 that McKinsey sold its ideas to Purdue Pharma, L.P. from 2004 to 2019, before and after the 2007 guilty plea; that it worked on Purdue's FDA-mandated risk evaluation and mitigation strategy in 2008 and on OxyContin \"brand loyalty\" in 2009; that in 2013 it laid out the plan, implemented with McKinsey as \"Evolve 2 Excellence\", to \"Turbocharg[e] Purdue's Sales Engine\"; and that its partners sat on an Executive Oversight Team reporting to Purdue's executives, its board and members of the Sackler family individually. The complaint further alleges that McKinsey urged Purdue's owners (the passage does not say which of them) to answer an unnamed pharmacy chain's scrutiny of suspicious orders with senior-level talks, patient-advocacy pressure against dispensing limits and an alternative distribution channel such as mail-order delivery; it notes indications that individuals at McKinsey considered deleting documents and that McKinsey announced in 2019 that it no longer worked for Purdue or other opioid manufacturers. These allegations were not adjudicated: the complaint was filed together with an agreement and consent judgment under which McKinsey was to provide more than $573 million to the participating states and territories and stop advising on Schedule II and III opioids.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-061", "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-43f3e74cf3ad4592be79de0d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The complaint, dated 4 February 2021, pleads a single claim under General Business Law § 349 and asks for a declaration, a permanent injunction against deceptive practices, monetary relief of up to \"$32.158.566.52\" as printed in the retained copy, and costs — relief requested, not awarded; New York was to receive more than $32 million under the multistate agreement. That agreement and consent judgment, filed on 4 February 2021 by 47 states, the District of Columbia and five territories, also required McKinsey, besides providing more than $573 million minus costs, to release tens of thousands of internal documents on its work for Purdue Pharma and other opioid manufacturers, adopt a strict document-retention plan, continue investigating allegations that two partners tried to destroy documents in response to investigations of Purdue Pharma, implement an ethics code certified annually by all partners and stop advising on Schedule II and III opioid narcotics. The terms are known from the Attorney General's release, which does not say whether McKinsey admitted the allegations; the Attorney General characterised McKinsey as having advised Purdue and the Sackler family members who control it on maximising opioid profits and McKinsey partners as having emailed about deleting documents once states sued Purdue's directors, a characterisation that is not a court finding.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-061", "src-060" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6c79541c239ac442b9673c6e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 13 December 2024 the Justice Department announced that McKinsey & Company Inc. had agreed to pay $650 million to resolve a criminal and civil investigation of its work for Purdue Pharma L.P. on OxyContin sales and marketing, including the 2013 engagement: a penalty of over $231 million, a forfeiture of over $93 million — all the money Purdue paid McKinsey from 2004 to 2019 — and $2 million to the Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit for the criminal allegations, and over $323 million in a civil False Claims Act settlement. McKinsey also agreed not to work on the marketing, sale, promotion or distribution of controlled substances during the five-year term of the deferred prosecution agreement and to implement a compliance programme, and its U.S. subsidiary entered a five-year corporate integrity agreement with HHS-OIG. DOJ credited McKinsey's cooperation and remedial measures, including stopping all opioid-specific work in 2019 and terminating two senior partners, among them Martin Elling, who had communicated about deleting opioid-related documents concerning Purdue. The release notes that the details in the charging documents and civil resolution are allegations; the payments are McKinsey's own liability, not Purdue's or the Sackler family's.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "mckinsey-us", "purdue-pharma-lp", "martin-elling" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-7747f4546c63c4fb0775579f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The charged party was McKinsey's U.S. subsidiary, McKinsey & Company, Inc. United States. The U.S. Attorneys for the Western District of Virginia and the District of Massachusetts filed an Information in the Western District of Virginia at Abingdon, entered on 13 December 2024, with two counts: a misdemeanor conspiracy, from about April 2012 to February 2018, with Purdue Pharma L.P. and others to aid and abet the misbranding of prescription drugs held for sale without valid prescriptions, and a felony of destroying and concealing records, through the acts of a senior partner, between about April and September 2018 to impede a federal investigation. The charges were resolved by the five-year deferred prosecution agreement, not a conviction, and DOJ notes that charging-document details are allegations; prosecution was deferred and McKinsey agreed to total payments of $650 million. Purdue Pharma L.P. is named in the Information as a co-conspirator, not charged in it.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-067", "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1c77bc9e1171bbbedcf8ca41", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The civil settlement also resolves allegations that from 2013 to 2014 McKinsey US, by advising Purdue to turbocharge OxyContin marketing to High Value Prescribers, caused false claims for OxyContin to be submitted to federal health programmes, and that from 2014 to 2017 it knowingly misled the FDA by assigning consultants to concurrent FDA projects and competitively sensitive Purdue projects, contrary to its conflict-of-interest policy. These allegations were settled, not adjudicated, by McKinsey's payment of over $323 million. In the civil resolution, as DOJ describes it, McKinsey US admitted that it did not inform the FDA that its consultants worked on the Purdue projects around the same time those consultants also worked on the FDA project.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey-us", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ff66e27a423ba9f749bc85e4", "kind": "analysis", "text": "According to the charging documents as DOJ summarised them, Martin E. Elling, a former McKinsey senior partner, directed the client services team for approximately 30 of McKinsey's engagements with Purdue, had a senior, relationship-focused role on E2E and helped secure that engagement; McKinsey terminated him as part of its remedial measures. On 13 December 2024 DOJ announced that he had been charged in federal court in Abingdon, Virginia, with one count of knowingly destroying records, documents and tangible objects with intent to impede, obstruct and influence a Justice Department investigation; the charging documents allege that on 4 July 2018, after reading that a Purdue board member was being sued by state attorneys general, he emailed another senior partner about whether to do anything other than eliminate \"all our documents and emails\", and that forensic analysis of his McKinsey laptop showed he had removed Purdue-related materials and a Purdue-related email folder. He agreed to plead guilty and was expected to enter his plea and be sentenced at later dates; the charging documents are not retained, the record does not show the plea entered or any sentence, and the release states that defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-068" ], "entity_ids": [ "martin-elling", "mckinsey", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6d7e6e79c39eeaa25dc17150", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Claims against McKinsey also figure in Purdue's bankruptcy. The claims agent's website lists two adversary proceedings brought by local governments against McKinsey in the case — Alma, Georgia et al. v. McKinsey & Company, Inc. et al. (No. 22-07044) and Bayonne, New Jersey et al. v. McKinsey & Company, Inc. et al. (No. 22-07045) — and the plan confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court (Doc 8263) makes all retained causes of action against McKinsey & Company \"MDT Causes of Action\", which pass to the Master Disbursement Trust. That treatment preserves the estate's claims without establishing their merit, and the retained record does not show their outcome.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "mckinsey", "master-disbursement-trust", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-62a042794b18d04bfb46bd49", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. and its affiliated debtors filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions on 15 September 2019 in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York at White Plains, where the cases of Purdue Pharma L.P. and 23 affiliated debtors are jointly administered as In re Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 19-23649. The debtors' notice and the United States' proof of claim give 15 September for every debtor; the court-appointed claims agent's website gives 15 and 16 September. Judge Robert D. Drain presided until the cases were reassigned to Judge Sean H. Lane as of 1 July 2022. In its proof of claim the United States noted that Purdue had told the court it ran all the debtors as a single entity, and that governmental claims were due by 30 July 2020. The bankruptcy was corporate only: as the District Court and the Second Circuit recorded, no member of the Sackler family and no family entity such as Rosebay or Beacon filed, although they had been named as defendants in opioid suits. A later plan, confirmed on 18 November 2025, took effect on 1 May 2026; the settlement page describes it.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-001", "src-020", "src-038", "src-115", "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "rosebay-medical-lp", "beacon-company" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f4e83da37b48f1aec959c50e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The company named the lawsuits as its reason. As quoted by the District Court, Purdue represented at filing that it had 'no funded debt and no material past due trade obligations' and no judgment creditors, but that 'the onslaught of lawsuits has proved unmanageable'; the debtors' 2021 Canadian factum counts over 2,600 civil actions in U.S. courts and thirteen in Canada before the filing. That is Purdue's own account. The District Court added that by 2018 at the latest Purdue was in a precarious financial position because of the suits and, relying on testimony that the family had made broad releases a condition of any contribution, concluded that the bankruptcy was 'a critical part of a strategy to secure for the Sacklers a release from any liability for past and even future opioid-related litigation without having to pursue personal bankruptcy'.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-563a649fc3fb2f50b198c043", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Three days after filing, on 18 September 2019, Purdue asked the Bankruptcy Court to halt all actions not only against the debtors but also against their current and former owners, including trusts and their trustees and beneficiaries, and against their officers, directors, employees and associated entities. The District Court put the scale at over 2,900 actions against Purdue and at least 400 civil suits against the Sacklers (the Second Circuit: almost 3,000 and over 400). The sources date the first order differently: according to the District Court the Bankruptcy Court halted the litigation temporarily on 11 October 2019 and on 6 November 2019 enjoined actions against Purdue and the non-debtor related parties, including members of the Sackler family, while the Second Circuit and the debtors' Canadian factum place the injunction on 11 October. State enforcement suits, which the automatic stay did not reach, were covered. The non-consenting states opposed the motion on 4 October 2019, arguing, as a 2021 student case study summarises, that the proposed settlement contained no acknowledgement of wrongdoing by the family, no public disclosure of evidence and no bar on future misconduct; according to the District Court's 2024 decision, the group, Maryland included, then elected to abide by the order voluntarily. The District Court affirmed the injunction in 2020, and by December 2021 it had been extended 18 times. It stayed litigation; it did not release any claim or decide its merits. Extensions continued after the Supreme Court's June 2024 decision, and on 26 November 2024 the District Court affirmed the 2024 extensions on Maryland's appeal.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-047", "src-078", "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-395cc79004f895ef1142a1ff", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma L.P. also acted in Canada as foreign representative of itself and the other 23 debtors, and the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) recognised the U.S. cases under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Court File No. CV-19-627656-00CL). According to the debtors' factum of September 2021, based on an affidavit of Jon Lowne, the recognition proceedings began on 19 September 2019, and on 30 December 2019 the Ontario court extended the recognised stay to the Related Parties, including the Canadian Associated Entities and members of the Sackler family; the Canadian Actions, the New Quebec Class Action and the Sackler Estate Action have been stayed since that date.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "jon-lowne" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-895fe15cd3d713fcdd63215b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "A separate voluntary injunction governs conduct. At the debtors' request the Bankruptcy Court barred the debtors from promoting opioids and later added limits on lobbying for opioid-enhancing legislation, adherence to the Food and Drug Administration's decision on high-dose opioids, self-monitoring and an independent monitor, as its 2025 bench ruling recounts; the same injunction separately prohibits certain Sackler Parties from actively engaging in the opioid business in the United States. Craig Landau, then Purdue Pharma L.P.'s chief executive, told the House Committee on Oversight and Reform in written testimony of 17 December 2020 that Purdue had agreed to keep refraining from promoting opioids through a sales force, a step he said the company first took under his leadership in February 2018, and from lobbying for laws that might encourage opioid prescribing, under independent monitoring.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-100" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "craig-landau" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5f46c3c3ca6daca29542ac01", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Creditors organised within weeks. On 27 September 2019 the U.S. Trustee appointed nine creditors to the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (UCC), which the District Court describes as an independent fiduciary for all unsecured creditors: the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association; CVS Caremark Part D Services L.L.C. and CaremarkPCS Health, L.L.C.; LTS Lohmann Therapy Systems, Corp.; the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation; West Boca Medical Center; and individual creditors, with non-voting ex officio seats for Cameron County, Texas (for the MSGE), the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes and Thornton Township High School District 205. Ad hoc groups formed between September and November 2019, according to the District Court: the Ad Hoc Committee of Governmental and Other Contingent Litigation Claimants (AHC) of ten states, six local governments, a federally recognised tribe and the MDL plaintiffs' co-lead counsel; the PI Ad Hoc Group of 60,761 personal-injury claimants; the Multi-State Governmental Entities Group (MSGE) of 1,317 entities in 38 states and territories; and the Ad Hoc Group of Non-Consenting States (NCSG) of 25 states, counting the District of Columbia, that had reached no pre-petition agreement with Purdue or the Sacklers on the outline of a plan. Groups of NAS children, ratepayers and hospitals formed as well.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "ucc-purdue", "purdue-pharma-lp", "msge", "ahc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2c5f32de9384dc174ad32165", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The claims process showed how far claims exceeded assets. On 3 February 2020 the court set 30 June 2020 as the bar date for prepetition claims, on Purdue's motion of 3 January, and on 3 June 2020 extended it to 30 July 2020. Over 614,000 claimants filed, among them the federal government, states and local governments, tribes, hospitals, third-party payors, ratepayers, public schools and more than 130,000 personal-injury victims; the District Court noted that just 10% of the claims would imply over $140 trillion of liability, and 628,389 claims had been filed by 21 October 2021. The Second Circuit recorded an estimate of more than $40 trillion for claims against the debtors and the Sacklers, which, as the appellees conceded, far exceeded both the funds available and the Sacklers' personal wealth.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4c3956d93d0d53d9bdacd078", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Claims against the family were investigated by the debtors' board and by the creditors. The Special Committee of the debtors' board of directors, formed in May 2019 and chaired by John S. Dubel, who joined the board in July 2019, held exclusive authority over transactions with the Sackler Parties and over the debtors' claims against their shareholders and the Sackler Parties; its four members were restructuring and pharmaceutical professionals with no prior connection to the family, Purdue Pharma Inc.'s shareholders gave its general counsel an irrevocable proxy over the appointment and removal of the chairman and the committee's directors, and a court-appointed examiner selected by the DOJ found that the committee acted independently during its 22-month investigation, as the Bankruptcy Court's 2025 bench ruling records. Under a stipulation with the debtors and the UCC (ECF No. 291), the Sackler Parties provided diligence materials, certain of them agreed not to deal with their property so as to frustrate any judgment, and they undertook to disclose the value, location and form of their assets. The UCC investigated fraudulent-transfer and fiduciary-duty claims itself and, with the consent of the debtors and the AHC, was granted sole standing to pursue the estates' claims in November 2024.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "purdue-pharma-inc", "john-dubel", "sackler-family", "ucc-purdue", "ahc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-38e824d5ede0c8cd69a36410", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The filing rested on a framework agreed before it. According to the debtors' 2021 factum, after more than a year of negotiations the debtors, their shareholders and key stakeholders agreed in principle that all of Purdue's assets or equity would go to abating the opioid crisis, that the shareholders would sell their pharmaceutical businesses outside the United States and that they would pay a multi-billion-dollar sum to the estates over time; the Bankruptcy Court's 2025 bench ruling calls this the Initial Settlement Framework. Purdue's chief executive Craig Landau told the House Committee on Oversight and Reform in December 2020 that the framework, announced with the filing and supported by 24 state attorneys general, the five U.S. territories and the plaintiffs' executive committee in the federal multidistrict litigation, would provide more than $10 billion of value, an estimate that is the company's own, and required the family to give up all its holdings in Purdue, sell its international businesses and pay at least $3 billion in cash. As the District Court recorded, John S. Dubel testified at the confirmation hearing that the Sacklers made broad third-party releases and releases of the estates' claims a prerequisite of paying the framework amount, 'somewhere around $3 billion or so'. According to the Bankruptcy Court's 2025 bench ruling, mediation then raised the family's contribution from $3 billion to $4.275 billion; it later rose to $4.325 billion and, in 2022, to $5.5 to $6 billion.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-101", "src-100", "src-003", "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "craig-landau", "john-dubel" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ece804590c95192ab6ba93ba", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Court-ordered mediation began in 2020. On the debtors' motion of 20 February 2020 the court appointed Layn Phillips, a retired judge, and Kenneth Feinberg as co-mediators on 2 March 2020. The first phase, with formal sessions from 6 March to 11 September 2020, divided value between public and private claimants: the non-federal public claimants committed everything they received to opioid abatement, and each private claimant group's term sheet was made conditional on a plan in which the Sackler families took part. On 30 September 2020 the court opened a second phase on the claims of the estates and others against the family, among the debtors, the UCC, a 'Consenting Ad Hoc Committee', the NCSG, the MSGE and the family's representatives; it ended on 31 January 2021 without an agreement of all sides.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "ucc-purdue", "msge" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-32bfc9efadbca6c3a3f92f8e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Negotiations on the family's payment continued outside the formal mediation. After eight further offers and counteroffers ending on 18 February 2021, the Sackler families and their entities, the debtors, the AHC, the Consenting Ad Hoc Committee and the MSGE agreed in principle that the families would contribute a guaranteed $4.275 billion over nine years, or ten if some amounts were paid early, chiefly in exchange for a 'Shareholder Release' in the plan; the obligation is the families' own, separate from the debtors' assets, and the Second Circuit records that the twenty-five non-consenting states, among others, rejected it. On 7 May 2021 the court asked Bankruptcy Judge Shelley C. Chapman to mediate between those states and the families; after 145 telephone meetings and several sessions by 29 June 2021, fifteen states (Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Wisconsin) accepted a modified settlement with $50 million more from the families and another $50 million paid earlier, for $4.325 billion in total, a larger public document repository and limits on the family members' naming rights for donations. The debtors' factum adds requirements for the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Fund for the Arts and Sciences. The Shareholder Release itself did not change; Purdue filed the mediator's report on 7 July 2021.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ahc", "msge", "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-2abbd68a86e63ddcfa4dbca5", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The plan was amended twelve times. The debtors filed it on 15 March 2021 (16 March according to the claims agent's website); after a hearing on 26 May the court approved the Disclosure Statement on 3 June 2021 and allowed votes on the Fifth Amended plan. The confirmation hearing began on 9 August 2021 according to the District Court, which describes six days and 41 witnesses, or on 12 August according to the claims agent's website and the debtors' factum, the factum describing three weeks, 41 witnesses, more than 2,800 exhibits and 64 objections, supplemental objections or joinders. On 1 September 2021 Judge Drain ruled that he would confirm the plan if its Section 10.7(b) shareholder release was narrowed to claims in which a debtor's conduct, or the claims against it, are a legal cause or legally relevant factor; the final version followed (the next day according to the District Court in 2021, 9 September 2021 according to its 2024 decision), and on 17 September 2021 he confirmed the Twelfth Amended plan. That order did not stand: the District Court vacated it on 16 December 2021, the Second Circuit reinstated it with the March 2022 modification on 30 May 2023, and the Supreme Court reversed on 27 June 2024; a new plan was confirmed on 18 November 2025 and took effect on 1 May 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-003", "src-047", "src-078", "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-58572648273ad8b6a0587f5b", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Under the 2021 plan the debtors would hand over substantially all their assets. Most of Purdue's value would go to nine creditor trusts, mainly abatement trusts such as the National Opioid Abatement Trust for governments, while the PI Trust and the PI Futures Trust and an additional $700 to $750 million served personal-injury claimants. Purdue Pharma would cease to exist and its business would pass to a public benefit company, 'NewCo', to be named KNOA, run by five or seven independent managers chosen by the AHC and the MSGE in consultation with the debtors and the UCC, observed by the DOJ, bound by an operating injunction against promoting opioids, governance covenants and a monitor, and with managers required to use reasonable best efforts to sell its assets by 21 December 2024; a public repository of more than 13 million documents was to be created. The family's side was set out in two settlements with the 'Shareholder Released Parties', more than 1,000 family members, trusts, businesses and associated companies, as the District Court described them. In that court's words, the first disposed of the estates' claims for breach of fiduciary duty against the family members 'who were involved in – indeed, who drove – the business decisions' behind Purdue's criminal and civil liability, and for fraudulent conveyance arising from what it described as the family's removal of nearly $11 billion over a decade; the second disposed of certain direct claims, chiefly the states' claims under laws that make responsible officers and directors personally liable. These claims were settled, not adjudicated. In return the released parties would pay $4.325 billion, dedicate two charities worth at least $175 million to abatement, give up naming-rights demands, stay out of business with NewCo, dispose of the non-U.S. Purdue companies within seven years, accept 'snap back' provisions securing payment and agree to the document repository; the Second Circuit counted these concessions toward the plan's fairness.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-047", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-pharma", "ahc", "msge", "ucc-purdue", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-0be032951a08456b6a9675f8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Votes were solicited with a record date of 10 March 2021 and a deadline of 16 July 2021. According to the debtors' factum more than 120,000 timely ballots were cast and more than 95% favoured the plan, with support within classes of 88.26% to 100% by number and 93.54% to 100% by value; Judge Drain's findings, as recorded by the District Court, put support at over 79% of states and territories and over 96% of other governments and tribes and of personal-injury claimants, and the Second Circuit noted acceptance by over 95% of the personal-injury classes. Eight states and the District of Columbia, certain Canadian municipalities and tribes, the City of Seattle and some 2,683 individual claimants voted against. The Supreme Court's majority later observed that fewer than 20% of eligible creditors took part.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-047", "src-044", "src-003", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c6c117a23b4eac741620c74a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Purdue Pharma (Canada) is not a debtor. It is one of the independent associated companies that, according to the debtors' factum, are ultimately owned by the same entities as the debtors but are not their subsidiaries; as defined in the settlement it comprises Bard Pharmaceuticals Inc., the Elvium companies, Purdue Frederick Inc. (Canada), Purdue Pharma (Canada), Purdue Pharma Inc. (Canada) and Purdue Pharma ULC. Its settlements are its own, not the debtors': before the U.S. filing it placed $20 million in trust to settle ten Canadian class actions, subject to approval by courts in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan, and the Second Circuit noted a separate $150 million settlement, citing a British Columbia government release of 29 June 2022. Canadian municipalities and indigenous tribes, whose suits concern OxyContin sales in Canada by Purdue Canada and who assert that it was controlled by Sackler family members, were not covered by the class settlement. The 2021 settlement obliged the Sackler Parties, as owners, to try to sell their associated companies within seven years, and Purdue Canada by the later of that date or two years after the British Columbia recovery action of 29 August 2018 ends. After a stipulation with the Canadian governments approved on 9 August 2021, the plan amended on 12 August 2021 excluded from its releases claims against non-debtors, Purdue Canada and the family included, that arise from the conduct of Canadian affiliates rather than of the debtors; the Canadian governments did not object to confirmation, while the municipalities, First Nations and certain co-defendants did.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-canada", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8ea48dbf8a5f1e7a9d862d55", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The objecting states settled while the Second Circuit appeal was pending. Eight states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington) and the District of Columbia, which had appealed confirmation, filed a new agreement with the debtors and both family sides, the Mortimer-side Initial Covered Sackler Persons and the Raymond Sackler Family, under which the family sides would add $1.175 to $1.675 billion, for an aggregate contribution of $5.5 to $6.0 billion; the added payments are the family sides' obligation, not the debtors'. The Bankruptcy Court approved the term sheet on 10 March 2022 (ECF No. 4503), noting that confirming the revised plan required orders of the Second Circuit or the District Court, and the nine withdrew their opposition to the plan and its releases. The Second Circuit affirmed the plan with this modification, and the Supreme Court then reversed, as set out above.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "mortimer-side-sackler-persons", "raymond-sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "state-of-maryland" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-5e18ff11f9a6970251041e9c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Several proceedings ran alongside the main case, according to the claims agent's website: Purdue Pharma L.P. and other debtors against the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and others (19-08289), the proceeding in which the injunction was issued; the debtors' proceeding against AIG Specialty Insurance Company and others (21-07005); a proceeding by Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (22-07029); proceedings by Alma, Georgia and Bayonne, New Jersey and others against McKinsey & Company, Inc. (22-07044 and 22-07045); and proceedings by individual claimants, including a series with 25- docket numbers. The content of one of them is known only from a 2021 student case study, which reports that on 10 December 2020 two opioid-affected claimants filed a class action against the debtors (20-07027; dated 11 December in the study's citation) seeking a trust to fund counselling and medication-assisted treatment and alleging that the debtors' settlement with the United States was inadequate; the complaint was later amended to add plaintiffs and to name Walmart, Inc. and McKinsey & Co. as defendants for their alleged part in marketing and distributing opioids. These are the plaintiffs' allegations. As of 6 April 2021 the defendants' deadline to answer had been extended by stipulation, with a pre-trial conference set for 16 June 2021, and no answer, ruling or resolution of that proceeding or of a later one by two of the same claimants against Purdue and the United States (21-07088) was found in the retained records.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-078", "src-059" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mckinsey" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4a02e6c8e31aa6c6a19ffee0", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The court's case record on GovInfo, in its version of 8 October 2026, lists Purdue Pharma L.P. as debtor; the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors; David M. Klauder as examiner; Province, FTI Consulting, AlixPartners and Nardello & Co. as financial advisers; and, among the interested parties, Noramco Coventry LLC, The Raymond Sackler Family, Kathe Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Frank S. Vellucci, Daniel S. Connolly and Rory Held as successor co-trustees of the Crystal Trust and the Data Trust, The Plan Administration Trust, Coventry Technologies L.P., One Stamford Realty L.P., One Stamford Land Inc. and Nappwood Land Corporation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-115" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "alixpartners", "noramco-coventry", "raymond-sackler-family", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "plan-administration-trust", "coventry-technologies" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-58f811b70a8fb84ad93ac9fc", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The 2021 plan's releases reached claims of third parties against the family, not only the estate's claims. As the District Court described it, the Section 10.7 Shareholder Release covered every living Sackler, their unborn descendants and the trusts, partnerships, companies and enterprises linked to them or formed for their benefit; Exhibit X to the 2021 settlement agreement listed more than 1,000 released parties. Claims derived from the estate's own were released under Section 10.6(b), which no one challenged as beyond the court's power; Section 10.7 released direct claims, including claims of fraud, misrepresentation and willful misconduct under state consumer-protection laws. The Second Circuit listed the released claims as including fraudulent and constructive fraudulent transfer, deceptive marketing, public nuisance, unfair competition, fraudulent misrepresentation, consumer-protection violations, civil conspiracy, negligence and unjust enrichment, some direct and some derivative. All appellants objected on that ground; as the District Court noted, no family member is a debtor. The District Court wrote that after the 2007 plea agreement, entered by a Purdue affiliate, the Sacklers, or at least those involved in running Purdue day to day, knew they were exposed to personal liability over OxyContin; it also noted that the release reached family members with no role in the company, against whom it knew of no suit, the only claims identified being the debtors' own claims against them as recipients of money moved from Purdue to family trusts, which Section 10.7 did not affect.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-040", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-996b40dee6fca0e376c0f22e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Appeals from the confirmation order were filed in September 2021 by U.S. Trustee William K. Harrington, who also appealed the Advance Order and the Disclosure Order; by eight states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington) and the District of Columbia; by Canadian municipalities and First Nations led by the City of Grande Prairie, the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation and the Lac La Ronge Indian Band; and by five individuals without counsel. The appellees defending the plan were the debtors, the UCC, the AHC, the PI Ad Hoc Group, the MSGE and the two family sides, the Mortimer-side Initial Covered Sackler Persons (Side A) and the Raymond Sackler Family (Side B).", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "state-of-maryland", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "ahc", "msge", "mortimer-side-sackler-persons", "raymond-sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-98f7cd1e61631d11268fb577", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 16 December 2021 Judge Colleen McMahon of the District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated the confirmation order and the Advance Order. She held that the Bankruptcy Court had 'related to' jurisdiction over the claims against the non-debtor family members, because they could affect the estate, but no statutory authority to release them without consent: not in the Code's text, not in its silence, and not in sections 105(a) or 1123(a)(5) and (b)(6). She upheld the separate classification of the Canadian appellants and did not reach the constitutional questions. The Second Circuit reversed her decision on 30 May 2023; the Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit on 27 June 2024, reaching her conclusion on the statute.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-87dc721898ceba307943c983", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two sets of findings about the family's position recur in the decisions. The District Court found that the family members named in the states' suits had served as officers, directors or managers of Purdue and so had a reasonable legal basis to claim indemnification, contribution and directors' and officers' insurance from Purdue under its limited partnership agreements, governed by Delaware law; whether bad faith barred indemnity was 'hotly disputed', and litigating it would cost the estate. Judge Drain, for his part, had treated collection from the family as a significant concern: the Second Circuit records his finding that the Sacklers are worth about $11 billion, held in widely scattered spendthrift trusts in the United States and offshore that bankruptcy can largely not reach, with some family members outside U.S. jurisdiction, and the District Court adds that many trusts are on the Bailiwick of Jersey, that many assets cannot readily be liquidated and that it is unclear whether Jersey law lets trusts funded by fraudulent conveyances be invaded; Judge Drain reached no final conclusion on these points. The District Court also observed that it was not clear which family members were contributing and in what amounts, the record suggesting that the contributing trusts benefit the whole family, although Judge Drain had found that the payment hinged on every member being released.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-cb0f51b7e848ca2022758040", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 30 May 2023 a Second Circuit panel of Circuit Judges Newman, Wesley and Lee reversed the District Court and affirmed the confirmation, including the March 2022 modification. It held that section 1123(b)(6) together with section 105(a) lets a bankruptcy court impose third-party releases, section 105(a) alone not being enough, and that the releases were not a discharge of the Sacklers' debts barred by section 524(e); it also held that the Bankruptcy Court lacked constitutional authority to approve them finally, so the District Court had rightly reviewed its decision as proposed findings. The court described the bargain this way: Purdue would file for bankruptcy and the Sacklers, who did not file, would contribute billions personally if all civil claims against them were released; as narrowed, the release covered claims directly affecting the estate for which Purdue's conduct was a legal cause or legally relevant factor, in exchange for $5.5 to $6.0 billion. The debtors, the UCC, the AHC, the individual victims' group, the MSGE and both family sides supported the plan. After the nine settled, only three groups still defended the District Court's ruling: U.S. Trustee William K. Harrington; Canadian municipalities and indigenous nations, whose cross-appeal on classification failed, the court noting among its reasons that Purdue Canada gave them another source of recovery; and several individuals without counsel. The Supreme Court reversed this judgment on 27 June 2024.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "purdue-canada", "ucc-purdue", "ahc", "msge", "mortimer-side-sackler-persons", "raymond-sackler-family", "william-harrington" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-051550f4a5656c16a11e65d6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Second Circuit found the releases essential because they settled the value of the estate, which would otherwise be drawn into litigating the Sacklers' indemnity and contribution claims, and because the estate was worth only about $1.8 billion, less than the government's $2 billion claim that would be paid first without a plan. The U.S. Trustee argued that the plan gave the debtors an improper quid pro quo and that the Sacklers, had they filed for bankruptcy, would have had to commit substantially all of an estimated $11 billion net worth rather than about $5.5 to $6.0 billion. The court answered that its only task was to decide whether the bankruptcy court erred in finding the contribution substantial, which it had not ('Five and a half billion dollars ... is a significant sum'); the Supreme Court later reversed on the statutory question.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "william-harrington" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-a9588b5c646c7bb66c3c2b1c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Judge Wesley concurred only in the judgment, in a separate opinion that is not the court's holding. He wrote that the Shareholder Release had no carve-out for fraud claims, which a debtor itself could not discharge, did not channel the enjoined claims to a settlement fund but valued channelled personal-injury claims only by the claims against the estate, bound objectors without an opt-out and 'cloaks the Sacklers with blanket immunity'; he agreed only because the circuit's 1992 precedent in In re Drexel Burnham Lambert Grp., Inc. bound the panel, and wrote that the question would benefit from a nationwide answer by the Supreme Court.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044", "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-128e07a6f42c20f982f3c0e6", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The indemnity behind these arguments dates from 2004. The Second Circuit recorded that at the end of that year Purdue's board of directors voted to indemnify, among others, its directors and officers against claims arising from their service (the 'Sackler-Purdue Indemnity Agreement'), covering expenses, settlements, judgments, fines and penalties, advancing defence costs, continuing after service ended and binding successors and estates, but not covering matters in which a final court decision found that the person had not acted in good faith. The court treated the Sacklers' coverage as a reasonable basis for indemnity claims against the debtors and stressed that the agreement was made well before bankruptcy was contemplated.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-044" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b794b32c81bd916231cec90d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "On 27 June 2024 the Supreme Court decided Harrington, United States Trustee, Region 2 v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 23-124, on the U.S. Trustee's petition against Purdue Pharma L.P. and others. By five votes to four, in an opinion by Justice Gorsuch joined by Justices Thomas, Alito, Barrett and Jackson, it held that the bankruptcy code does not authorise a release and injunction that, as part of a Chapter 11 plan, effectively seeks to discharge claims against a nondebtor without the consent of affected claimants, and it reversed and remanded. The Court called the decision narrow: it did not call consensual third-party releases into question, did not decide what counts as consent or how a plan paying such claims in full would be treated, and, the plan having been stayed, did not decide whether plans already in effect could be unwound. On remand the parties negotiated a new plan, whose releases the Bankruptcy Court found consensual and compliant with Harrington when it confirmed it on 18 November 2025; it took effect on 1 May 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040", "src-039", "src-020" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-41faa1adca1ebaf084a590ee", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The majority read the catchall in section 1123(b)(6) in context as giving no 'radically different' power to discharge a nondebtor's debts without consent, and noted that the code generally reserves discharge for a debtor who puts substantially all its assets on the table. The Sacklers, it wrote, had not offered anything approaching their full assets, yet sought to extinguish virtually all claims against them, including for fraud, willful injury and wrongful death, without consent, seeking 'to pay less than the code ordinarily requires and receive more than it normally permits'; their additional $1.175 to $1.675 billion offered on appeal still fell well short of the $11 billion they received from the company between 2008 and 2016 and would be paid over many years. The parties' wider arguments were recorded but not decided. The U.S. Trustee argued that the family's legal exposure might bring a better consensual deal, as its increase of more than $1 billion to win over the eight objecting states suggested, and pointed to the concession that the 2004 indemnity does not apply if a court finds the Sacklers did not act in good faith, and to the courts' power to disallow or subordinate such claims. The plan proponents answered that the Sacklers would return no funds without the release, leaving victims without recovery; the District Court had recorded that the family offered to pay only if every member could 'achieve global peace', and its 2024 decision describes the family's position until Harrington as requiring 'total peace'.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040", "src-003", "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "william-harrington" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-428d7a56271a1d00caae6cce", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Justice Kavanaugh dissented, joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Sotomayor and Kagan; the dissent is the minority's view, not the Court's. He described the confirmed plan as distributing an estimated $7 billion or more through nine trusts, including $700 to $750 million for individual victims and their families at $3,500 to $48,000 each, with the Sacklers' $5.5 to $6 billion payment quadrupling the estate, more than 95 percent of voters in favour and all 50 States later on board; without it, he wrote, the Bankruptcy Court found liquidation of a $1.8 billion estate most likely, with the United States' $2 billion superpriority claim taking everything. He argued that under the 2004 indemnity, opioid claims against the Sacklers could be paid from the same Purdue funds as claims against Purdue; recounted findings that the Sacklers closely controlled and were indemnified by the company and faced claims resting on essentially the same facts and legal theories as those against Purdue; noted that fraudulent-transfer claims worth $11 billion against the family were among the estate's more substantial assets, settled under the plan together with creditors' derivative claims; and recounted the Bankruptcy Court's findings, after a six-day trial with 41 witnesses, that suits against the family faced weaknesses and collection problems abroad and in spendthrift trusts and that the settlement and releases were fair. The majority held that none of this supplied authority the code does not give, and it left the indemnity dispute undecided.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6bb4f6cc2c5f20b22dc9c9af", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The preliminary injunction that protected the non-debtor Related Parties dates from 2019. As set out in the Bankruptcy Court's Second Amended Order of 6 November 2019 (Adv. Dkt. No. 105), it bars actions against the debtors and against former or current owners, directors, officers and associated entities of Purdue Pharma L.P., including, as the District Court noted in 2024, the family members who owned and controlled Purdue and trusts they own or benefit from. The named Related Parties include The Purdue Frederick Company Inc., The P.F. Laboratories Inc., Purdue Pharma Technologies Inc., the PLP Associates Holdings, BR Holdings Associates and Rosebay Medical Company partnerships and corporations, Beacon Company, PRA Holdings Inc., Pharmaceutical Research Associates Inc., Purdue Holdings LP, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rhodes Technologies Inc., Coventry Technologies L.P. and MNP Consulting Limited; Richard S. Sackler, Jonathan D. Sackler and his estate, Mortimer D.A. Sackler, Kathe A. Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Beverly Sackler and her estate, Theresa Sackler, David A. Sackler, Marianna Sackler, the estates of Mortimer and Raymond Sackler and Raymond Sackler family trusts; Paulo Costa, Cecil Pickett, Ralph Snyderman, Judith Lewent, Craig Landau, Mark Timney, Stuart D. Baker, Frank Peter Boer, John Stewart and Russell Gasdia; and dozens of other named individuals. The order stays litigation; it is not a release or a finding about any of them. The District Court affirmed it and its first extension on 11 August 2020.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "plp-associates-lp", "plp-associates-inc", "br-holdings-lp", "br-holdings-inc", "rosebay-medical-lp", "rosebay-medical-inc", "beacon-company", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "coventry-technologies", "mnp-consulting", "richard-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "beverly-sackler", "theresa-sackler", "david-sackler", "marianna-sackler", "mortimer-d-sackler", "raymond-sackler", "paulo-costa", "cecil-pickett", "ralph-snyderman", "judith-lewent", "craig-landau", "mark-timney", "stuart-baker", "peter-boer", "john-stewart", "russell-gasdia" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-bfe7a84bf506eadcb4abb798", "kind": "analysis", "text": "After Harrington the State of Maryland challenged the continuing injunction. Maryland, one of the non-consenting states, had agreed to abide by the order and paused the administrative proceeding it began in May 2019 against Purdue and certain Related Parties, but it withdrew its consent from the extension of 6 September 2024, arguing that Harrington left no basis for an injunction protecting non-debtors. On 26 November 2024 Judge McMahon, in State of Maryland v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., No. 24-Civ-7042, affirmed Judge Sean H. Lane's Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Amended Orders of 6 September, 27 September and 1 November 2024. The debtors and the UCC, as appellees, argued that mediation was making material progress and that lifting the stay would start a rush to the courthouse and drain the estates through contribution and indemnification claims; Maryland called that harm speculative, and almost all other mediation parties, including the other 49 states, opposed or did not support reversal. She held that Harrington had not removed the Bankruptcy Court's power to stay suits against non-debtors temporarily while a consensual plan was negotiated, and that litigation against the Sacklers touches the estate: family members can claim indemnity and contribution from the company, and the company has claims worth billions against them, including for fraudulent conveyance. She found no abuse of discretion in the continued extensions. Maryland said it would appeal a further extension, but no such appeal was found in the retained records; the debtors' 2025 Disclosure Statement lists further extensions on 23 December 2024, 27 January 2025 and 28 February 2025, the last to 30 May 2025.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "state-of-maryland", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-42b562107c8c835c5335f157", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Weighing the public interest, Judge McMahon also wrote about the family, which was not a party to the appeal. The Sacklers, she said, had not been involved with the debtors for nearly six years and were unlikely ever to sell opioids again ('that was their plan all along—take the money and run'), and the Voluntary Injunction already barred them from the U.S. opioid business; if mediation failed, the debtors and creditors would face long litigation with Related Parties 'who will assert jurisdictional defenses and who have secreted their assets abroad', a point on which she deferred to the findings of Judges Lane and Drain. These are characterisations in the reasons for an interlocutory decision, not findings of liability against any family member. She warned that 'all thirty-nine (perhaps now forty) extensions' had stalled all litigation against the Sacklers for over five years, that some victims would never consent to releases, and that without agreement soon the injunction factors would stop favouring further delay.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "state-of-maryland" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-b390d0fa318b6280222d821f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The mediation she allowed to continue was the post-Harrington negotiation before Judge Lane, with retired Judge Shelley Chapman and Professor Eric Green as mediators. On 12 November 2024 they reported agreements in principle among all but one of the Sackler family groups, the debtors, the UCC, the AHC, the MSGE and the 15-member negotiating committee of state attorneys general on the total cash to be paid by the settling parties, its schedule and certain non-monetary terms. The settlement page follows the plan that resulted.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-078" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ucc-purdue", "ahc", "msge" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-22bdcf7d005e0c70e5af3d43", "kind": "analysis", "text": "After the Supreme Court held on 27 June 2024, in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., that the Bankruptcy Code does not allow a plan to release claims against non-debtors without the affected claimants' consent, the parties negotiated a new plan on remand. The debtors filed the Thirteenth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan (D.I. 7638) on 18 March 2025 and its proposed Disclosure Statement the next day; the Bankruptcy Court heard the Disclosure Statement on 18 June 2025, and the solicitation version of it is dated 1 July 2025. The plan was amended five more times before the Eighteenth Amended Plan (D.I. 8233) was confirmed. It kept the outline of the 2021 plan, which had already provided for a successor company to be named KNOA: according to the Disclosure Statement, Purdue Pharma L.P. would be dissolved on or immediately after the effective date, its businesses would pass to Knoa Pharma LLC, wholly owned by an independent foundation intended to qualify under IRC section 501(c)(4), and no government would own either.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-040", "src-039", "src-020", "src-015", "src-003", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "william-harrington", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "knoa-pharma", "ahc", "msge", "ucc-purdue", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-46df8e7e1b00f367386dd880", "kind": "analysis", "text": "What changed is the settlement with the family. Under the 2025 Shareholder Settlements, as the debtors described them in the Disclosure Statement, the Sackler Parties are to pay up to approximately $7 billion over fifteen years, more than under the prior plan if all creditors grant the releases, to settle both the debtors' own claims against them and the direct claims of creditors who choose to settle; their main consideration is the plan's releases and injunctions. The debtors added that, in aggregate, as much as $8 billion in value could be available for creditors. Those creditor releases are voluntary: the Third-Party Releases bind only creditors who elect to grant them, and direct claims of creditors who do not are neither released nor compromised. The 'up to' amounts depend on how many creditors opt in, and the obligation lies with the Sackler-side payment parties, not with Purdue Pharma L.P. The Delaware Attorney General's office, announcing on 1 May 2026 that the $7.4 billion settlement had become effective, said it replaced the multistate agreement overturned in June 2024, which had provided up to $6 billion from the Sacklers and which the office credits in substantial part to the advocacy of the Attorney General and a handful of other states that had objected to the $4.5 billion Sackler contribution first approved by the Bankruptcy Court. The courts' figures for 2021 differ: a guaranteed $4.275 billion over nine years agreed in February 2021, raised to $4.325 billion in a further mediation in May and June 2021.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-006", "src-003", "src-044", "src-047" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "ahc", "msge", "raymond-beverly-sackler-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-fb095f2813aa653e0cf18ec2", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Disclosure Statement also recalls how the earlier Initial Shareholder Settlement Agreement was secured. Side B of the families formed only two obligor groups; on information Side B supplied as of 30 September 2020 and October 2019, under the families' own methodology, each group's obligors held net assets averaging more than twice their potential obligations, and the two groups pledged equity in holding companies that indirectly owned investment assets valued at over $1 billion. These are family-supplied valuations, not an appraisal or court finding, and they concern the earlier deal. One condition of that agreement was that Pharmaceutical Research Associates L.P. (PRA), Purdue Pharma L.P.'s parent, end its licences to the debtor Avrio Health L.P. (later Purdue Products L.P.) for Senokot- and Betadine-branded over-the-counter products and assign the licensed intellectual property to Avrio.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-096" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "avrio-health", "pra-lp", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-afcd20565e6b58bbd1432dca", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The figures in circulation measure different things. The Disclosure Statement names two sources of cash for the creditor trusts: the Shareholder Payment Parties, who agreed to pay up to $7.0 billion over fifteen years to the Master Disbursement Trust plus up to $500 million more contingent on the sale of their independent associated companies (IACs), and the debtors' own estates, projected to hold about $927 million on the effective date, a projection that depended on timing, case costs and cash restrictions; the document puts the total anticipated cash at approximately up to $7.4 billion. Of the family-side money, subject to certain contingencies, $1.5 billion falls due on the effective date, $500 million on each of the first two anniversaries, $400 million on the third and the remaining $3.6 billion in later annual instalments, a schedule that adds up to $6.5 billion; the Sackler Covered Parties must use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the IACs within seven years, failing which the trust may seek a forced sale above an appraised amount. The family-side payments are obligations of the payment parties; the estate cash belongs to the debtors. The same document sets the Required Settlement Amount at up to $6.5 billion, $2,762.5 million from the A-Side and $3,737.5 million from the B-Side, and plan section 5.2(d) likewise speaks of up to $6.5 billion over 15 years, adding that neither the amount nor its allocation concedes anything about the claims or defences; the retained records do not explain how the $7.0 billion figure relates to the $6.5 billion. A footnote provides that A-Side Payment Group 8's $345 million obligation is to be prepaid at $225,677,259.42, or at $218 million, its agreed present value, if prepaid on the effective date.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-039", "src-042" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "master-disbursement-trust", "samantha-sackler-hunt" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-1b1099017f3301a5c75fd3c7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Officials and counsel quoted these totals with different scopes. The New York Attorney General described a $7.4 billion settlement in whose first payment Purdue pays about $900 million, which is the estates' cash, and the Sacklers $1.5 billion, followed by family payments of $500 million in May 2027, $500 million in May 2028 and $400 million in May 2029, with funding over 15 years. The debtors' lead restructuring counsel stated in May 2026 that the family was contributing up to $6.5 to $7 billion of about $7.4 billion in cash, including $1.5 billion paid on the effective date, and that individual victims would receive up to $865 million, about $815 million of it funded to the personal-injury trust that day; that is counsel's own account of its engagement, and no court record of the effective-date payments is among the retained documents. Purdue Pharma L.P.'s own criminal sentence is a separate matter: on 28 April 2026 the company was ordered to pay a $3.544 billion fine, to be assessed in the bankruptcy, and $2 billion in forfeiture, against which the Justice Department said it would credit up to $1.775 billion for value given to governments through the bankruptcy if Purdue ceased to operate in its current form and emerged as a public benefit company or similar entity.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-005", "src-066", "src-077" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-e737661e9bdca8af6f364ad9", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Press reports gave single figures. In June 2025, before confirmation, one report stated that under a $7.4 billion settlement just approved by 55 attorneys general, family members were understood to contribute $6.5 billion of their personal fortunes and Purdue about $900 million, which is the estates' cash, with payouts over 15 years but expected mostly within three; it added that the family has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing and would not have to declare bankruptcy. A May 2026 report likewise put the family payment at $6.5 billion, noted that no member of the Sackler family was charged with a crime related to the company's actions, and described David Sackler, a son of former chief executive Richard Sackler and a board member before the bankruptcy, as having testified before Congress. The $6.5 billion matches the Disclosure Statement's Required Settlement Amount and plan section 5.2(d), while the same documents elsewhere give up to $7 billion; the plan was confirmed on 18 November 2025 and took effect on 1 May 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-094", "src-015", "src-020", "src-081" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "david-sackler", "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-cc1b4caf729316047bf6cc2c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Separately from the family money, the plan fixes some effective-date payments out of the debtors' own cash: an Initial NAS PI Distribution to the personal-injury trust of $48,213,070 plus $65,848,195, less a holdback of $1,809,265 and other deductions, and an Initial Public Schools Distribution printed in the order as '$25,560,000 million', apparently a drafting slip, less retained amounts and a $60,000 holdback. These are estate funds, and the amounts actually paid are not in the retained records.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-915e782aae4a94dea4f6a388", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The obligors are listed in Exhibit A to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, known here from a counsel's draft filed on 7 November 2025 (Doc 8201), which names only Sackler-side payment parties and no debtor; their payments go to the Master Disbursement Trust. Side A has eight payment groups of trusts with individual obligors: Theresa Sackler (third tier in Group 1, fourth tier in Groups 5 to 7), Kathe Sackler (Group 2), Ilene Sackler Lefcourt (Group 3), Mortimer D.A. Sackler (Group 4) and Samantha Hunt (Group 8, subject in the draft to her counsel's confirmation). Side B has two groups: Group 1 lists Dr. Richard S. Sackler, David A. Sackler, the Estate of Beverly Sackler, Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. and many trusts and holding entities; Group 2 lists the Estate of Jonathan D. Sackler, the Estate of Beverly Sackler, Rosebay Medical Company, Inc. and others. Being listed is a contractual settlement obligation, not a finding of liability, and the final lists may differ from the draft: in October 2026 the court described Side B Group 1 as one individual and more than fifty trusts and said that Richard Sackler is not a party to it in his own name, his obligations being set out in Annex G.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-042", "src-039", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "mortimer-da-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "sackler-family", "master-disbursement-trust", "richard-sackler", "david-sackler", "beverly-sackler", "jonathan-sackler", "rosebay-medical-inc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-47715e8675253efd84742994", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Estate of Jonathan D. Sackler takes part through its executor. On 1 April 2026 counsel for The Raymond Sackler Family notified the Bankruptcy Court that the Connecticut Court of Probate had approved the executor of the Estate of Jonathan D. Sackler entering into settlement, credit-support and collateral agreements under section 10.01(c) of the master agreement, and had accepted the executor's declaration that the estate is insolvent. The notice is known from the docket entry; the decrees themselves were not retrieved.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-096" ], "entity_ids": [ "raymond-sackler-family", "jonathan-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-4a811d06baa76bb9caa11021", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Exhibit X to the Master Shareholder Settlement Agreement, filed on the effective date, lists certain Shareholder Released Parties of the 2025 settlement. Its A-Side list names family members including Theresa E. Sackler, Ilene Sackler Lefcourt, Kathe A. Sackler, Mortimer D.A. Sackler and Samantha Hunt, with their spouses, children, grandchildren and owned entities, and trusts and trustees including Beacon Trust, Beacon Trust Company Limited and Anthony M. Roncalli, described as a current or former director or officer of an entity in Purdue Pharma L.P.'s ownership chain and of a trust company, and as a trustee. It also lists 'II-way entities', defined as owned in equal shares by persons or trusts of both family branches, among them The Purdue Frederick Company Inc., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., Purdue Pharmaceutical Products Inc., Rhodes Technologies Inc. and TXP Services Inc.; these non-debtor corporations are distinct from the debtors Rhodes Technologies and Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. Service providers released in that capacity include Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, counsel both to Shareholder Released Parties and to the debtors, Debevoise & Plimpton LLP and other advisers. Releases of direct claims bind only creditors who opted in, and being listed is not a finding about anyone's conduct.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-058", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "theresa-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "kathe-sackler", "mortimer-da-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "beacon-trust", "anthony-roncalli", "sackler-family", "purdue-frederick", "pf-laboratories", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-inc", "rhodes-technologies-inc", "txp-services", "rhodes-technologies", "purdue-pharmaceutical-products-lp", "norton-rose-fulbright", "debevoise-plimpton", "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f4d6e525782eb802498e9545", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Confirmation Order adds a term that is not about money. From the effective date each family member and payment party must let any U.S. institution that granted it naming rights remove the 'Sackler' name from buildings and from academic, medical and cultural programmes on forty-five days' confidential notice, and family members may not seek new 'Sackler' naming rights for donations until their groups' remaining payment obligations are reduced to zero and their IAC payment parties no longer hold IAC interests beyond permitted retained interests; donations themselves remain permitted.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-9e0db64087731a93d98585c3", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Bankruptcy Judge Sean H. Lane confirmed the Eighteenth Amended Plan on 18 November 2025 (Doc 8263), finding that the debtors had proved every requirement of section 1129 of the Bankruptcy Code by a preponderance of the evidence; his Modified Bench Ruling, decided on 20 November 2025, describes the plan as delivering some $6.5 to $7 billion in value from the debtors' former shareholders, with the support of more than 99% of voting creditors and every major organised creditor group. The order found the third-party releases in sections 10.6 and 10.7 consensual, binding only the releasing parties who consented, and therefore consistent with Harrington, and found the family consideration of up to $7 billion over fifteen years larger than the debtors' value as a going concern and allowing the debtors to make the payments required under the DOJ Resolution and the plan settlements. Claimants who opt in waive their direct claims against the Sackler Parties and share in both the estate and the direct settlements; those who do not keep their direct claims, receive only estate distributions and may still vote for the plan. Because the releases are no longer global, certain litigation costs the Sackler Parties incur on non-participating creditors' claims reduce their payment obligations. The debtors fixed 1 March 2026 as the opt-in deadline.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039", "src-020", "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c4ffb9f7f33b851d67e7fb3c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The ruling also states what the plan does not do. Judge Lane said, as Judge Drain had in the earlier confirmation decision, that the plan contains no release of criminal conduct of any kind for any party, noting that Purdue Pharma had pleaded guilty to three felony offences after a DOJ investigation. In approving the settlements he recorded that the debtors believe the estates have meritorious claims against certain shareholders and that the creditors' committee had set out its view of them in a 203-page, 22-count draft complaint against the Sackler Parties, but found that litigating them would take years with uncertain success and possible obstacles to collection, and that without a settlement satisfying the DOJ Resolution the debtors might owe the entire $2 billion forfeiture judgment. The estate claims against the family side were settled, not adjudicated, and the Sackler Parties did not share the plan supporters' view of the transfers.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-a6f8f187cda7fdef7a19e00e", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The family side gave its own account at the confirmation trial. As the court summarised it, seven witnesses called by Side A or Side B testified that the Sacklers were contributing substantially all their assets: one witness called by both sides estimated pre-petition assets of some $3.5526 billion for Side A and $5.0405 billion for Side B, an expert said the Side A trusts, principally located in Jersey, might be held unreachable by creditors, and another witness said $4.559 billion of tax distributions from the debtors had been made for reasonable value. For the debtors, a witness had analysed 37 pre-petition transfers worth some $1.4 billion and concluded that the Sacklers did not provide reasonable value. The court decided neither set of values; it found that the settlement factors weighed overwhelmingly in favour of approval.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8e65d8092fb4572fa8228d4f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Two stipulations were approved with the order. One, entered into as of 6 October 2025, is between the debtors and two former Purdue officers, Mark Timney and John H. Stewart, and was acknowledged by the creditors' committee, the Ad Hoc Committee and the Multi-State Governmental Entities Group; its terms are not in the retained part of the order. The other, of 3 November 2025, resolved the plan objection of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, with The Raymond Sackler Family and Beacon Company among those acknowledging it; objections to Baltimore's proof of claim are held in abeyance during its standstill period.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "mark-timney", "john-stewart", "baltimore-city", "raymond-sackler-family", "beacon-company" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-6a11b6690608433444c89ab8", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The plan took effect, and was substantially consummated, on 1 May 2026. That day the New York Attorney General announced that Purdue had shut down, that Knoa Pharma, LLC, owned by the newly established nonprofit Knoa Foundation and overseen by directors and trustees with no association with Purdue, had begun operating in its place, and that all members of the Sackler family are barred from selling opioids in the United States and from any involvement in the new company. Under the plan the boards of all debtors were dissolved; the debtors not transferred to Knoa continue only to liquidate their assets and make distributions; interests in Purdue Pharma Inc. are cancelled; holders of interests in Purdue Pharma L.P. relinquish them without receiving any property, and those interests are cancelled when the partnership is dissolved; and a PPLP Liquidator, succeeding to the powers of the general partners, directors and officers, winds the debtors up and is paid by the Plan Administration Trustee from the Wind-Up Reserve.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-020", "src-005", "src-039", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-inc", "plan-administration-trust" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-512903e922d3459eabbed1a4", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Most of Purdue's value, including the proceeds of the settlement of the estates' claims, goes to nine trusts: the Master Disbursement Trust, which receives the family-side payments; the Governmental Remediation Trust and the Tribe Trust; the Public School Trust; the PI, Healthcare Provider, TPP and ERP trusts for private creditors; and the Plan Administration Trust. The court noted that about $865.8 million is for qualified personal-injury claimants, paid virtually immediately after the effective date, while governments and other creditors are paid over the plan's 15 years, partly depending on the prices the Sacklers obtain for their non-Purdue businesses. After the effective date the Plan Administration Trust files the agendas for the case's omnibus hearings, including those of 10 September and 7 October 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-020", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "master-disbursement-trust", "plan-administration-trust", "purdue-pharma-lp", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-61f34733c7f71d82a4bc507d", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Under the plan Knoa Pharma LLC receives substantially all the debtors' non-cash assets and $135 million in cash, free of claims including successor liability for Purdue's past conduct, except the liabilities it assumes, among them the remaining termination costs of the Purdue Pension Plan. It is run by five independent managers selected by the settling states under the oversight of the foundation's three independent trustees, and each year pays 96.7% of its governmental distributable cash to the Governmental Remediation Trust and 3.3% to the Tribe Trust. Knoa's own release of 1 May 2026 announced that it had begun operations, named the trustees and directors of its two boards and appointed Marc Kesselman, previously the company's chief legal officer, interim chief executive. The Knoa Pharma page sets out the company's ownership, governance, leadership and obligations.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-039", "src-057", "src-099" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-foundation", "master-disbursement-trust", "paul-b-rothman", "rahul-gupta", "david-saltzman", "norbert-riedel", "karen-griffin", "patricia-lang", "mike-mchale", "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-c3cdfc97731e801060b0621a", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Confirmation was appealed. Before the order was entered a pro se objector filed a notice of appeal on 15 November 2025 and asked for a stay, which Judge Lane refused in his ruling because the request did not address the stay factors and delay would harm claimants; on 24 December 2025 District Judge Nelson S. Román, in In re Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 7:25-cv-09681, noted that the related matters had not been consolidated and only a briefing schedule had been set, and declined the appellant's procedural requests. A restructuring-case blog reports that other appellants filed notices from 4 December 2025, that Judge Lane denied all stay motions in a bench ruling on 12 February 2026, which was not retrieved, and that the appeals remained pending, some appellants arguing that the opt-in mechanism still does not satisfy Harrington; the blog's date for the first notices is later than the 15 November notice shown in the court record. The claims agent's calendar shows hearings on the stay motions on 4 and 12 February 2026, with agendas filed for Purdue Pharma L.P. The plan took effect on 1 May 2026, and no decision on the merits of any appeal appears in the retained records.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-111", "src-101", "src-020", "src-088" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-48e8c5dc818fe85b1d38fce7", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The Side B obligations have been contested from inside the family. In early 2025, the Bankruptcy Court later recounted as undisputed, Richard Sackler sued under seal in Wyoming state court, challenging the Side B Trustees' authority to act for all Side B members and alleging that they were stripping his powers over family trusts, a suit the court said threatened the very heart of the settlement talks. A stipulation of 1 August 2025 ended it: dismissal without prejudice, a 14-month litigation standstill after the effective date, covenants by Richard Sackler and Lin Gao (the RSS Parties) not to interfere with the plan or the settlement, and irrevocable ratification of the trustees' actions, with the Master Disbursement Trust as third-party beneficiary. Paragraph 33 of the Confirmation Order kept those undertakings in force, including not using a power of appointment over a payment party's trust property against the plan; the order also directed the RSS Parties and the rest of Side B Payment Group 1 to comply, required all Sackler parties to sign the settlement documents by a set date, and reserved to the court the power to resolve any failure of performance 'by Richard Sackler or any other party' and impose sanctions. Counsel for each of the two confirmed their client's agreement to these provisions at the hearing on 14 November 2025.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087", "src-039" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-3d94d70bd0ab37ff93e72295", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Richard Sackler's own obligations are set out in Annex G, the credit-support annex for the Richard Sackler family payment group, B-Side Payment Group 1. He, his estate and any trust taking his assets at his death are the Individual Pledgor; he pledged his equity in ABSG LLC, the Delaware company he formed as his Personal Limited Liability Company, shares of Sackler-controlled non-debtor foreign companies he owns and related bank accounts, with the Master Disbursement Trust as secured party. Unlike the rest of the group he negotiated a 'naked pledge': the trust must first enforce against the group's other collateral, and he keeps unfettered control of his personal assets in the meantime. Conditions of the settlement's effectiveness included moving substantially all his assets into ABSG LLC, with exceptions such as other assets worth up to $5,000,000; an undertaking by him and Lin Gao to comply with the Stipulation; a delegation to Cedar Cliff Inc. of authority over payments by a 1974 trust for Beverly Sackler; and the transfer into ABSG LLC of all funds previously placed in trust for Lin Gao or another family member, including about $4 million in two trusts. Whether and when each condition was met or waived is not shown. Lin Gao is defined as an RSS Related Party: after an enforcement event, transfers of ABSG LLC's assets to Richard Sackler or to an RSS Related Party become restricted payments.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-097", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "absg-llc", "master-disbursement-trust", "lin-gao" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-cef325eabfd7d4c413283fdb", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Compliance problems began before the plan took effect. A restructuring-case blog reports that the court directed all Sackler payment parties to sign the master agreement and related documents by 19 December 2025, later 10 February 2026; that a supermajority signed but Richard S. Sackler did not; and that on 24 February 2026 the court ordered him to show cause, exposing him to possible contempt and monetary sanctions. The order to show cause was not retrieved, but Judge Lane's October 2026 ruling confirms that Richard Sackler's failure to comply with Confirmation Order obligations, including his refusal to timely sign documents needed for the plan to take effect, was discussed at a hearing on 25 February 2026. The plan became effective on 1 May 2026.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-088", "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ef3dae21d8d39f0b152ef595", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Days after the effective date, the court recorded, the RSS Parties filed four pleadings that the trustees call the Interference Actions: a motion in the Wyoming suit to terminate the Stipulation and reverse its dismissal; an affidavit in land records seeking to quiet title in their favour to a property held by a pledged Side B trust; a Wyoming petition against Data LLC, trustee of four pledged trusts, for an accounting and an order directing income distributions it said were owed to Richard Sackler for August 2019 to April 2026; and a lis pendens on the same property noting a new action against ARIT Investment Holdings LLC, a payment party and pledgor. Frank S. Vellucci, Daniel S. Connolly and Rory Held, as trustees of trusts in Side B Payment Group 1, moved to enforce the Confirmation Order (ECF No. 9189) and to have the actions withdrawn and their fees paid, and the Master Disbursement Trust joined them. Richard Sackler and Lin Gao opposed the motion without challenging the agreements or denying that the actions targeted pledged assets: they argued that the master agreement's reservation of the trustees' fiduciary duties permitted the actions, called the Wyoming case an intra-family dispute over trust control, fiduciary misconduct, beneficiary rights and trust decantings, and sought documents.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "data-llc", "arit-investment-holdings", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-ccc9870778da24bb1901d946", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Judge Lane granted the motion in full, by a bench ruling on 21 August 2026 followed by an order (ECF No. 9590) and a written Modified Bench Ruling on 8 October 2026. He held that each action violated the confirmed plan, the master agreement and the Stipulation by interfering with the pledges securing Side B Payment Group 1's payments, whether by reviving settled litigation during a standstill that runs to July 2027, clouding title to a pledged asset or seeking to have pledged trust funds paid to Richard Sackler rather than applied to the group's payments; that the general reservation of rights the RSS Parties invoked could not override the specific terms; that it was 'crystal clear' they had breached those terms; and that he would award the trustees and the trust their reasonable fees and costs on application. The amount awarded and any appeal are not shown in the retained records. A legal-press report of 13 October 2026 described the ruling as finding that Richard Sackler and his wife Lin Gao had violated the confirmation order, the settlement agreement and the August 2025 stipulation and ordering them to unwind the state actions, which matches the ruling's text. Richard Sackler and Lin Gao also filed their own motion to enforce the Confirmation Order and Settlement Stipulation, set for hearing on 28 October 2026, after the retained records end; a case-tracking listing shows an objection to it by an individual claimant, and the motion's content and outcome are not in the retained records.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-087", "src-020", "src-080", "src-108" ], "entity_ids": [ "richard-sackler", "lin-gao", "frank-s-vellucci", "daniel-s-connolly", "rory-held", "master-disbursement-trust", "data-llc" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-9ae07113d1f0a6777f67990f", "kind": "analysis", "text": "The idea of a successor company predates the current plan. The 2021 plan, as the District Court and the debtors summarised it, would have passed Purdue's operating assets to a public benefit company 'to be named KNOA', governed by disinterested and independent managers. That plan never took effect: on 27 June 2024 the Supreme Court held that its nonconsensual releases of claims against the family were not authorised, and the parties negotiated a new plan on remand. The 2025 plan revived the structure. Its Disclosure Statement provided that Purdue Pharma L.P. would be dissolved on or immediately after the effective date and its businesses transferred to Knoa Pharma LLC, wholly owned by an independent foundation intended to qualify as a 501(c)(4) organization, and that no federal, state or local government would own the company or the foundation.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-003", "src-047", "src-040", "src-039", "src-020", "src-015" ], "entity_ids": [ "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-pharma", "ahc", "msge", "ucc-purdue", "william-harrington", "sackler-family", "knoa-foundation" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-8b14bae5de70d9d98b0c57ee", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Under the confirmed plan Knoa receives substantially all the debtors' non-cash assets and $135 million of unrestricted cash. The assets vest in it free and clear of claims and liabilities, including successor-liability claims based on Purdue's acts before the effective date; Knoa takes on only the Assumed Liabilities, among them the remaining costs of the standard termination of the Purdue Pension Plan, together with the duties to pay out its distributable cash and to make good any shortfall in the debtors' Wind-Up Reserve with the consent of its managers and the Master Disbursement Trust's trustees. The debtors' lead restructuring counsel stated in May 2026 that substantially all operating assets were transferred to Knoa as of the effective date and that the Sackler family has no involvement in Knoa's management and no financial interest in it; these are counsel's statements about its own engagement.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-101", "src-039", "src-066" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "purdue-pharma-lp", "knoa-foundation", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-a8e4511c5fa51fd279d3565c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Knoa Pharma is 100% owned by the Knoa Foundation, a newly established not-for-profit 501(c)(4), and is overseen by two boards whose members, the company says, have no prior association with Purdue. The plan sets the structure: a board of five disinterested and independent managers, selected by the settling states with the consent of the Ad Hoc Committee and in consultation with the debtors and the creditors' committee, decides operations and investments under the Foundation's oversight; the Foundation's own board has three disinterested and independent trustees, of whom at most one may be a creditor trustee of the Master Disbursement Trust. The Knoa operating agreement bars non-voting securities, and the Confirmation Order's operating injunction and governance covenants bind the company and any buyer of its opioid business. The New York Attorney General described Knoa as a public benefit corporation entirely owned by the Foundation and overseen by directors and trustees with no association with Purdue.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-057", "src-101", "src-039", "src-020", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "purdue-pharma-lp", "paul-b-rothman", "rahul-gupta", "david-saltzman", "norbert-riedel", "karen-griffin", "patricia-lang", "mike-mchale", "master-disbursement-trust", "sackler-family" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-f4d42a6c2a9fe91b033f4a8c", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Knoa's announcement of 1 May 2026 from Stamford, Connecticut named the Foundation's trustees as Paul B. Rothman, who chairs the board, Rahul Gupta and David Saltzman, and the company's directors as Norbert Riedel, chair, Karen Griffin, Patricia Lang, who chairs human resources and compensation, and Mike McHale, who chairs audit. Marc Kesselman, previously the company's chief legal officer and executive vice president for strategy and corporate affairs, was appointed president and chief executive on an interim basis while a permanent chief executive is sought. Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc's 2026 proxy statement lists Riedel, a Jazz director since May 2013, on the board of 'Knoa Pharmaceuticals LLC', a name read here as the same company.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-057", "src-099" ], "entity_ids": [ "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation", "purdue-pharma-lp", "paul-b-rothman", "rahul-gupta", "david-saltzman", "norbert-riedel", "karen-griffin", "patricia-lang", "mike-mchale", "marc-kesselman" ] }, { "id": "display-claim-83d8f72889ad1f99f417f136", "kind": "analysis", "text": "Knoa is not one of the settlement's payment parties; the family-side payments are owed by named Sackler trusts, family members, estates and entities to the Master Disbursement Trust. Knoa's financial duty under the plan is to pay out its cash: each year after the effective date it pays 96.7% of its governmental distributable cash directly to the Governmental Remediation Trust, 3.3% to the Tribe Trust and its foundation distributable cash to the Knoa Foundation. Purdue's criminal case also looked to such a successor: when Purdue Pharma L.P. was sentenced on 28 April 2026 to $2 billion in forfeiture among other penalties, the Justice Department said it would credit up to $1.775 billion against that amount for value given to governments through the bankruptcy if Purdue ceased to operate in its current form and emerged as a public benefit company or similar entity. All members of the Sackler family are barred from selling opioids in the United States and from any involvement in the new company, as the New York Attorney General stated on the day it began operating.", "qualification": "", "response": "", "outcome": "", "source_ids": [ "src-015", "src-042", "src-039", "src-087", "src-101", "src-077", "src-020", "src-005" ], "entity_ids": [ "sackler-family", "purdue-pharma-lp", "master-disbursement-trust", "theresa-sackler", "kathe-sackler", "ilene-sackler-lefcourt", "mortimer-da-sackler", "samantha-sackler-hunt", "knoa-pharma", "knoa-foundation" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-001", "title": "Purdue's notice of suggestion of bankruptcy and automatic stay, with the Chapter 11 petition of Purdue Pharma L.P. (Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P.)", "publisher": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Office of the Attorney General)", "date": "2019-09-16", "locator": "Notice of 16 Sept. 2019; Official Forms 201, 202 and 204; board resolutions", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/september-16-2019-purdues-notice-of-suggestion-of-bankruptcy-and-automatic-stay/download" }, { "id": "src-002", "title": "Consultants' filing in the Utah Division of Consumer Protection case against Purdue Pharma L.P. et al. (DCP Legal File No. CP-2019-005)", "publisher": "Utah Department of Commerce, Division of Consumer Protection", "date": "", "locator": "Docket item DK-114, caption and first pages", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "regulatory_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://commerce.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DK-114.pdf" }, { "id": "src-003", "title": "Memorandum decision and order of Judge Colleen McMahon vacating the confirmation order, In re Purdue Pharma L.P., S.D.N.Y. 21-cv-7532 (CM) (master case; filed as Document 148 in related case 7:21-cv-07585)", "publisher": "Office of the Connecticut Attorney General", "date": "2021-12-16", "locator": "Decision of 16 Dec. 2021, statement of facts and holdings", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/AG/Press_Releases/2021/Judge-McMahon-Decision-121621.pdf" }, { "id": "src-004", "title": "Settlement agreement between the United States and the Named Sacklers, with addenda", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Justice", "date": "2020-10", "locator": "Settlement agreement, Addenda A and C", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/press-release/file/1329736/dl" }, { "id": "src-005", "title": "New York Attorney General press release on the shutdown of Purdue Pharma and the start of Knoa Pharma", "publisher": "Office of the New York State Attorney General", "date": "2026-05-01", "locator": "Press release of 1 May 2026", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "regulatory_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2026/attorney-general-james-announces-shutdown-opioid-manufacturer-purdue-pharma" }, { "id": "src-006", "title": "State of Delaware news release: Purdue–Sackler $7.4 billion opioid settlement goes into effect", "publisher": "State of Delaware (Department of Justice)", "date": "2026-05-01", "locator": "News release of 1 May 2026", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "regulatory_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://news.delaware.gov/2026/05/01/purdue-sackler-7-4-billion-opioid-settlement-goes-into-effect/" }, { "id": "src-007", "title": "Declarations of the director defendants, Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 1884-cv-01808(B)", "publisher": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Office of the Attorney General)", "date": "2019-07-16", "locator": "Sworn declarations of family and independent directors", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/july-16-2019-declarations-of-director-defendants/download" }, { "id": "src-008", "title": "Company statement source · src-008", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "company_statement", "publisher_type": "media", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-009", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Theresa Elizabeth Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/ZluFupsC_uCm9FTvWLyo209_vEQ/appointments" }, { "id": "src-010", "title": "Settlement agreement between Purdue Pharma L.P. and affiliates and Depomed, Inc. (Exhibit 10.10)", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)", "date": "2018-08-28", "locator": "Exhibit 10.10, parties, recitals and signature page", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "company_statement", "publisher_type": "regulator", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005201/000100520118000014/exhibit1010-purduesettleme.htm" }, { "id": "src-011", "title": "Declaration of Craig Landau in support of the CEO defendants' motion to dismiss, Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P.", "publisher": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Office of the Attorney General)", "date": "2019-07-03", "locator": "Sworn declaration", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/july-3-2019-craig-landaus-declaration-in-support-of-ceo-defendants-motion-to-dismiss-file-ref-nbr-78/download" }, { "id": "src-012", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Ilene Sackler Lefcourt", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/KsnXCTWxgz016GTifrtWhjeR6cg/appointments" }, { "id": "src-013", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Mortimer David Alfons Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/Npzmy1cxr6cWJze8Up8pDnb0bRk/appointments" }, { "id": "src-014", "title": "Court record source · src-014", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "corporate", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-015", "title": "Court record source · src-015", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "corporate", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-016", "title": "Court record source · src-016", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "corporate", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-017", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Richard Stephen Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/D8WIv5CXhBtinKz866JvPhjJMkY/appointments" }, { "id": "src-018", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Kathe Anne Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/KxVE3J-Oop-3dQ1lbQ8CQ0pfHUQ/appointments" }, { "id": "src-019", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: David Alex Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/8ORm-B0tf1hZWpFOMTrlUZrmNPg/appointments" }, { "id": "src-020", "title": "Court record source · src-020", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "corporate", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-021", "title": "Other source · src-021", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "other", "publisher_type": "nonprofit", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-022", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Jonathan David Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/wmpDK-PVxZ6F9Qk5qgSW1E5kMUA/appointments" }, { "id": "src-023", "title": "Companies House officer appointments page: Beverly Sackler", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "date": "", "locator": "Officer appointments list", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "registry_operator", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/WAIzPp5gIXFKCTOSAItMHie4liY/appointments" }, { "id": "src-024", "title": "Strategic Alliance Agreement between Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P. (Exhibit 10.1)", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)", "date": "2008-11-19", "locator": "Exhibit 10.1 and attached press release", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "company_statement", "publisher_type": "regulator", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1113148/000119312509053137/dex101.htm" }, { "id": "src-025", "title": "Novelos Therapeutics, Inc. prospectus (Rule 424(b)(3))", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)", "date": "2010", "locator": "Prospectus: selling stockholders and history of financings", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "company_statement", "publisher_type": "regulator", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1279704/000114420410024141/v183224_424b3.htm" }, { "id": "src-026", "title": "Corporate registry source · src-026", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "corporate_registry", "publisher_type": "corporate", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-027", "title": "Other source · src-027", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "other", "publisher_type": "nonprofit", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-028", "title": "Other source · src-028", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "other", "publisher_type": "nonprofit", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-029", "title": "Other source · src-029", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "other", "publisher_type": "nonprofit", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-030", "title": "Other source · src-030", "publisher": "", "date": "", "locator": "", "basis": "Source classification retained; identifying metadata omitted.", "source_type": "other", "publisher_type": "nonprofit", "url": "" }, { "id": "src-031", "title": "Charity Commission register: trustees of The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation (charity no. 1128926)", "publisher": "Charity Commission for England and Wales", "date": "", "locator": "Trustees page", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "regulatory_record", "publisher_type": "regulator", "url": "https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/4044888/trustees" }, { "id": "src-032", "title": "Declaration of Mark Timney in support of the CEO defendants' motion to dismiss, Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P.", "publisher": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Office of the Attorney General)", "date": "2019-07-03", "locator": "Sworn declaration", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/july-3-2019-mark-timneys-declaration-in-support-of-ceo-defendants-motion-to-dismiss-file-ref-nbr-77/download" }, { "id": "src-033", "title": "Declaration of John Stewart in support of the CEO defendants' motion to dismiss, Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Pharma L.P.", "publisher": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Office of the Attorney General)", "date": "2019-07-03", "locator": "Sworn declaration", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "court_record", "publisher_type": "government", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/july-3-2019-john-stewarts-declaration-in-support-of-ceo-defendants-motion-to-dismiss-file-ref-nbr-79/download" }, { "id": "src-034", "title": "HHS-OIG news release: administrative law judge upholds exclusions of responsible corporate officers in the OxyContin case", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General", "date": "2009-01-23", "locator": "News release of 23 Jan. 2009", "basis": "Retained copy of the document in the frozen case database, read in the passages cited by the claims.", "source_type": "regulatory_record", "publisher_type": "regulator", "url": "https://oig.hhs.gov/newsroom/news-releases-articles/administrative-law-judge-upholds-hhs-oig-exclusions-imposed-against-responsible-corporate-officers-oxycontin-case/" }, { "id": "src-035", "title": "SunEdison, Inc. Form 8-K on the appointment of John S. 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