1OTC purchases, token loans and the company’s explanation
analysisOriginal reporting based on proposals, contracts and client conversations separates liquid-token purchases, locked-token investments and market-making services. Three reviewed liquid-token deals contemplated daily purchases at discounts of 5–15%, often in US$100,000–150,000 tranches. Locked-token examples used larger discounts and one- or two-year lockups. Market-making proposals included token loans and call options. These structures explain why a public announcement described as an investment need not mean an equity round or immediate payment of the entire announced sum. 1 2
- qualification
- The sample does not establish identical terms across every DWF transaction. A proposal is not a completed trade, and a call option is not itself evidence of wrongdoing. Reporting also described uneven client reports, including one client who independently confirmed that services were being provided. The publisher disclosed that a rival market-maker’s CEO was a minority shareholder and had previously sat on its board; that interest is relevant context, not proof that the documents are false.
- response
- Grachev said exchange transfers did not mean immediate dumping and that most recent purchased tokens had not been sold in the April 2023 interview. He later said DWF would announce transactions only after completion. In his September interview he described an autonomous, market-neutral trading system and denied manual intervention or manipulation.
2Reported client communications and their evidentiary limits
analysisThe same reporting described an early DWF Labs client deck discussing price management, order-book positioning around announcements and the ability to provide artificial volume. It also reported authenticated executive messaging about a client’s desired token-price increase. These were document-based journalistic allegations about communications and offered services, not a regulator’s determination that each proposed technique was used in a particular trade. The report said more recent decks had phased out some price-management wording. 1 2 3
- qualification
- Price movements after a partnership do not by themselves prove causation or manipulation. Competitors’ public criticism is not an independent judicial finding. The reporter expressly said it had not established that the named token projects had price-management conversations with DWF. That limit must remain attached to the visible counterparties.
- response
- DWF Labs declined comment or an interview for the December 2023 investigation. In a separate September interview Grachev explicitly denied manipulation, attributed sharp moves to thin liquidity and other traders, and described the firm’s strategy as autonomous and market-neutral.
3The favorable accounts from Algorand, EOS and Floki
analysisThe Algorand Foundation described its US$50 million transaction as an OTC purchase of ALGO in tranches completed in July 2023. Its representative said their negotiations never suggested moving the market or supplying artificial volume. The EOS Network Foundation described a US$45 million token purchase plus a separate US$15 million ecosystem-investment commitment and praised the partnership’s results. A Floki representative said its US$5 million token-sale relationship brought exchange access, introductions and responsive support. 1
- qualification
- The EOS purchase and commitment are separate components; a future commitment is not automatically money already invested. These counterparties’ favorable accounts qualify the broader criticism without independently certifying every other DWF trade. Their token sales do not imply that DWF acquired corporate equity in the foundations.
4Reported surveillance findings and both companies’ denials
analysisMay 2024 reporting, relaying the Wall Street Journal’s investigation, said a Binance surveillance team had alleged that DWF Labs manipulated token prices and conducted more than US$300 million of wash trades in 2023. The reported figure concerned trading volume, not a proved US$300 million profit or investor loss. The reports said the team recommended removing the client and that its head was subsequently dismissed.
- qualification
- These are reported internal findings disputed by the companies, not a public court judgment against DWF. YGG trading narratives and secondary retellings share the same originating investigation and are not separate independent proofs. Photographs of wealth are not evidence of market manipulation.
- response
- Binance said the evidence was insufficient or not fully substantiated, rejected the suggestion that it permitted market abuse and described its surveillance and offboarding program. DWF called the allegations unfounded and distortive of its business practices. Heng Yu Lee characterized the attacks as driven by competitors. These denials remain beside the allegation rather than in a remote appendix.
Sources (8)
- Media source · s-d223 identified by category only · Media
- Company statement source · s-d254 identified by category only · Company statement
- Media source · s-d266 identified by category only · Media
- Media source · s-d16 identified by category only · Media
- Media source · s-d69 identified by category only · Media
- Media source · s-d215 identified by category only · Media
- Media source · s-d246 identified by category only · Media
- Media source · s-d252 identified by category only · Media
Recorded connections
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to Digital Wave Finance AGReported group connection; not a verified direct equity chainreported · Dated historical group descriptions; no complete current direct equity chain established · historical
- Marco Schweizer to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Reported 27% shareholding in the historical press snapshotreported · Historical press snapshot of DWF Labs; exact legal vehicle and present stake not established · historical
- Remo Schweizer to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Reported 27% shareholding in the historical press snapshotreported · Historical press snapshot of DWF Labs; exact legal vehicle and present stake not established · historical
- Andrei Grachev to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Reported 27% shareholding in the historical press snapshotreported · Historical press snapshot of DWF Labs; exact legal vehicle and present stake not established · historical
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to World Liberty FinancialPurchaser of WLFI governance tokens; not corporate equityreported · Token purchase reported April 2025; senator’s inquiry letter dated 6 May 2025 · historical details →
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to Binance (exchange brand; contracting entity unestablished)Trading customer of the Binance exchange brandreported · Historical trading-customer relationship in retained reporting; exact contracting entity, start date and subsequent status not established · historical details →
- Andrei Grachev to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Managing partner of DWF Labsreported · Managing-partner role in the dated DWF Labs reporting; exact legal-employer chain varies by source · current or historical not established
- Heng Yu Lee to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Partner of DWF Labsreported · Partner in the November 2022 announcement; later September 2026 release retained · current or historical not established
- Eugene Ng to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Former partner; management and operational role ended in October 2024reported · Partner before dismissal from management and operations on 29 October 2024 · historical
- DWF MaaS Limited to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Registered entity using the DWF Labs trading namereported · BVI FSC retained registration; group approval announcement 3 September 2026 · current or historical not established
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to Amethyst Amelia Kelly (Iggy Azalea)Reported market maker and recipient of token inventory under the MOTHER arrangementreported · Partnership announced July 2024, described in May 2026 complaint; no merits result established · historical details →
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to DMCCPartner in the announced Crypto Centre growth platformreported · Partnership announced 24 February 2023, official report March 2023 · historical
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to Algorand FoundationPurchaser of ALGO tokens in the completed OTC transactionreported · US$50 million OTC purchase completed July 2023 · historical
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to EOS Network FoundationEOS-token purchaser and separate ecosystem-investment commitmentreported · 2023 account: US$45 million token purchase and separate US$15 million ecosystem commitment · historical
- DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies) to FlokiPurchaser of Floki tokensreported · US$5 million token-sale relationship in December 2023 reporting · historical
- Andrei Grachev to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Reported co-founder of DWF Labsreported · Source recorded 2023-10; precise underlying date and later status depend on the cited record · current or historical not established
- Heng Yu Lee to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Reported co-founder of DWF Labsreported · Source recorded 2024-05-10; precise underlying date and later status depend on the cited record · current or historical not established
- Vladimir Perov to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Portfolio manager in the retained professional-directory profilereported · Directory describes portfolio-manager role from July 2022; later status unestablished · current or historical not established
- Unnamed DWF-affiliated investor in Interactive Strength notes to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Affiliated investor; exact legal identity undisclosed in this passagereported · 10 June 2025 financing · historical
- DWF LABS PTE. LTD. (Singapore) to DWF Labs (group brand; contracting entity varies)Singapore company associated with the DWF Labs trading brandreported · Retained identity and trademark records · historical